• List of Articles Solar Energy

      • Open Access Article

        1 - Investigation of Silicon Nanowires Roles in Solar Cells
        Ali Mahmoudloo Seyyed Sadegh Gholami
      • Open Access Article

        2 - The Calculation of Optimized Slop of Flat Solar Collectors and Comparing of Their Application at Each Month of the Year in Kerman
        ahmad jamee Hasan Zolfagharzadeh Pooria Akbarzadeh
        Background and Objective: Today energy crisis and inherent environmental pollution caused by increasing consumption of non-renewable resources are one of the most major concerns of many countries including Iran and using of them is one of the most important factors to E More
        Background and Objective: Today energy crisis and inherent environmental pollution caused by increasing consumption of non-renewable resources are one of the most major concerns of many countries including Iran and using of them is one of the most important factors to Earth demolition and climatic changes. Thus, numerous developed and enlarged countries try to extend the application and use of renewable energy resources. In this regard, the solar energy is one of the most important renewable and sustainable energy sources in the world and it mainly can be enumerated as the second largest energy sources in Iran after wind energy. This energy can be exploited in several methods such as flat collectors as one of the simplest and most usable systems that can be used in the buildings and solar chimney power plant. Due to daily and seasonal variations of the sun radiation, the optimal tilt estimation of collectors with maximum efficiency is very important.Method: This paper is based on a mathematical pattern and climatic data and the optimized tilt of flat collectors in city of Kerman is investigated. Then, by comparing and analyzing results of charts and tables, optimized tilt of flat collector at each month, season and annual are extracted and contrasted. Additionally, the percent of received radiation of each angle of plates in comparison to the optimized Angele are discussed.Findings: In the conclusion section, the optimal angle tilt of collector over the year including spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons besides the optimal angle building heating systems and outdoor swimming pools heating systems are also presented. Finally, efficiency of vertical and horizontal collectors has been investigated with respect to maximizing the efficiency of optimal tilt of collector over the year. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Experimental study of the effect of temperature and removal of dust and sand on photovoltaic modules
        Meraj rajaee kourdistan challasi
        Background and Objective: The presence of dust in the sky of Iran causes dust deposition on the surface of photovoltaic panels and greatly affects the efficiency of them. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of dust, sand and temperature on the efficie More
        Background and Objective: The presence of dust in the sky of Iran causes dust deposition on the surface of photovoltaic panels and greatly affects the efficiency of them. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of dust, sand and temperature on the efficiency of photovoltaic panels.Material and Methodology: Two similar panels were placed outdoors for 1 days to investigate the impact of dust. One of the panels is equipped with a cleaning system, but the other panel is without a cleaner. In the temperature setting, the control panel was equipped with a cooling system but the experimental panel was set without a cooling system. For investigation the effect of dust and sand, four similar panels were used, the control panel was in the clean condition, but the experimental panels were covered with dust and sand.Findings: The results of this study indicate that dust deposition on the panel surface after 13 hour caused a decrease of 4% in voltage, 21% in current, 24% in power and an  increase of 4% in the temperature of the contaminated panel compared to the clean panel. The panel with the higher temperature has a reduction of 3% in voltage, 25% in current and 29% in power in comparison with the lower temperature panel. In addition, the voltage and current of the sandblasted panel decreased more than the voltage and current of the panel contaminated with dust.Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results of this study, dust deposition on the panel surface and increasing the panel temperature decrease the photovoltaic panel efficiency. Dust also has more impact on the photovoltaic panel than sand. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Zoning and locating solar power station using AHP and GIS in Yazd province
        zohreh momenzadeh saeideh kalantari Mahdi Tazeh roholah taghizadeh
        Background and Objective: The completion of fossil fuels has led humans to go to the renewable and accessible energy and thus can reduce environmental problems caused by fossil fuels. Solar energy can also be considered as one of the options for solving the problem of e More
        Background and Objective: The completion of fossil fuels has led humans to go to the renewable and accessible energy and thus can reduce environmental problems caused by fossil fuels. Solar energy can also be considered as one of the options for solving the problem of electricity supply to distant areas.Method: In this research, climatic sub-criteria including relative humidity, annual precipitation, sunny hours, daytime and dust were collected from Rabat-e-posht-e-Badam, Meybod, Yazd, Mehriz, Abarkuh, Bafgh, Herat and Marvast stations.  The ARC GIS software use for layer digitization and AHP method use in order to weigh the sub-criteria and apply all the weights in each layers, also, the prone areas to deploying a  Findings: the result showed that annual sunny hours are the most important parameter of energy received from the sun, the best places for utilizing solar energy are Rabat –e-Posht-e-badam, Mehriz, Meybod and Marvost in the first priority and then Yazd in the second priority, Abarkouh and Herat were identified as the third priority.Discussion and conclusion: After providing a map of susceptible sites, it was determined that 13.63 percent of the area of the province was in the most desirable range. 23.06 percent in the optimal range, 36.78 percent in the medium range, 26.53 percent in the unfavorable area for the establishment of the solar power plant.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - energy harvesting and management in IoT
        MohammadMahdi Yadegar
        The collection of papers investigates various aspects of energy harvesting and power management for Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The overarching objective is to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of IoT systems through innovative energy harvesting techniques More
        The collection of papers investigates various aspects of energy harvesting and power management for Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The overarching objective is to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of IoT systems through innovative energy harvesting techniques and effective power management strategies. The methodologies employed across these studies include designing energy-efficient IoT architectures, exploring different energy harvesting techniques (such as solar and photovoltaic methods), implementing Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) systems, and devising effective task scheduling algorithms for energy-harvested IoT devices. The studies also delve into power management and control mechanisms, focusing on self-powered IoT devices capable of operating in remote or harsh environments. Significant findings across the papers reveal advancements in solar energy harvesting for IoT devices, improved energy storage using supercapacitors and lithium cells, and the development of ultra-low power wireless IoT devices. One study specifically highlights a self-powered IoT device prototype, demonstrating its functionality in remote applications with extended operational capacity. The main conclusion drawn from these studies is the feasibility and effectiveness of self-sustaining IoT systems through advanced energy harvesting techniques and power management strategies. These innovations promise to significantly reduce the dependency on traditional power sources, thereby paving the way for more robust, efficient, and sustainable IoT ecosystems in various applications, including remote and challenging environments. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        6 - Optimum Design of Solar Power Plant in Off-Grid Mode in Order to Reduce Construction Costs and the Amount of Unsupplied Load by ALPSO Algorithm
        Layth Khudhair Abbas Halae Mohamadmahdi Rezaei
        Solar energy is the world's most unique and affordable renewable energy source and can be converted into many other forms. In this article, it will be discussed in a long-term perspective the technical and economic feasibility of installing stand-alone solar power plant More
        Solar energy is the world's most unique and affordable renewable energy source and can be converted into many other forms. In this article, it will be discussed in a long-term perspective the technical and economic feasibility of installing stand-alone solar power plant units with battery support to supply part of Baghdad's electricity. The objective function of this problem includes the cost of installation and maintenance of solar panels, batteries and inverter, which is solved with a certain interest rate in a 20-year perspective using IPSO and ALPSO methods. Furthermore, the load loss supplied and the charging/discharging limit are among the constraints. This article is unique in that it is implemented in the context of Baghdad city, and it also investigates the possible profit from selling power to main grid. Other features and innovations include the implementation of the new ALPSO algorithm. In this algorithm, the constraints of the problem are respected through a three-step adaptive search process. The results show that the proposed methods significantly reduce the lost load (especially in the ALPSO method), reduce the cost of maintenance and installation, and generally improve the performance of the system. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        7 - An Overview of the Use of Solar Energy in Building Construction Projects
        mahsa Hojjatian Amirhossein Heravi Javad Asad Poor
      • Open Access Article

        8 - A Hierarchical Fuzzy Data Envelopment Analysis to Locate the Solar Power Sites
        Navid Rafiei Mahtab Sherafati
        The creation of solar panels can be a turning point in the use of clean energy. Environmental protection, non-polluting, and efficiency of solar panels cause that they have been one of the important and novel means of electrical power generation in many parts of th More
        The creation of solar panels can be a turning point in the use of clean energy. Environmental protection, non-polluting, and efficiency of solar panels cause that they have been one of the important and novel means of electrical power generation in many parts of the world. In this paper, a hierarchical data envelopment analysis process is applied to determine the most efficient location for the solar power sites under uncertainty environment. Finally, the proposed approach is conducted for a real case study and the best and the most effective location is chosen for solar power generation site.     Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        9 - Simulation of solar system performance using software (GRASSHOPPER) for energy consumption policy in housing by comparing traditional and contemporary houses in Shiraz city.
        tara heidari.orojloo AFSHIN GHORBANI PARAM faramarz hassan pour
        Today, the limitation of fossil energy and the degeneration of the environment affected by the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide resulting from its use and other difficulties and shortages of electricity, along with increasing energy demand, especially in More
        Today, the limitation of fossil energy and the degeneration of the environment affected by the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide resulting from its use and other difficulties and shortages of electricity, along with increasing energy demand, especially in developing countries, are valid and necessary evidence that makes use of clean and accessible resources, such as solar energy, in abundance. Due to its location on the Earth's solar belt, Iran has a wide potential for the use of solar energy. There are ways to use solar energy and generate electricity, including CSP technology for solar thermal power plants or photovoltaic systems. In this research, using GRASSHOPPER software, we have investigated the effect of shade and other effective indicators in optimizing energy consumption by examining the condition of traditional and contemporary houses, considering the materials used in these houses in Shiraz, and the energy results for them have been evaluated and compared in different months. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        10 - Experimental and numerical analysis of the impact of the size and location of Trombe wall dampers by phase-change material
        Abdollah Khalesi Doost mohammad amin khani ahad Abedini Esfahlani
        Since more than one-third of the world's energy consumption is in building part, green buildings and sustainable architecture are new ways to cope with the environment and reduce energy consumption in their buildings. The use of Trombe wall in residential, commercial an More
        Since more than one-third of the world's energy consumption is in building part, green buildings and sustainable architecture are new ways to cope with the environment and reduce energy consumption in their buildings. The use of Trombe wall in residential, commercial and official buildings has been reduced energy consumption and solar energy storage with phase change materials will double this effect. This has caused a paradigm shift towards green building design, and ultimately the environment will be less polluting. Therefore, in this study, the effect of natural Convection on performance has been investigated on Trombe wall with phase-change material by change of size and location of incoming and outgoing air intake dampers. This research has been conducted experimentally and numerically. َAfter construction of Trombe wall with phase-change material and empirical data collection, physical conditions are simulated in FLUENT software and experimental results have been compared with numerical solutions. The results show resized Trombe wall dampers; have been increased outlet air temperature by 16 percent. The location change of dampers at the horizontal line does not increase the effect of output air temperature. 2 percent difference between the numerical results with experimental data represents the careful work and analysis. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        11 - Effectiveness Evaluation of Trombe Wall for Optimum Pattern of Building Heating System at Shiraz
        سیدحسین هاشمی آرش نجفی سیدمحسن حسینی
        Solar energy is a valuable and available renewable energy and its charge of technology has not great. Fossil fuels consumption grows in building heating systems and it is better to manage it with practical new engineering systems similar Trombe wall that can be reduced More
        Solar energy is a valuable and available renewable energy and its charge of technology has not great. Fossil fuels consumption grows in building heating systems and it is better to manage it with practical new engineering systems similar Trombe wall that can be reduced energy consumption at winter. A major component used in Trombe wall technology, thermal storage system materials and glass and Despite the heat transfer patterns in Trmb wall system will occur. Glass is ideal for this system, should have unique features such as high strength and high thermal stability. However wall storage used to store solar thermal energy should be the maximum.. In this research, effectiveness evaluation of this system at Shiraz is studied. Results show this technology is advantageous and successful for Shiraz and offers the optimum energy system pattern. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        12 - Construction and simulation of solar energy recovery system with thermoelectric technology
        ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY saemian Nader Rahbar
        This research presents a solar energy recovery system consisting of three main parts including a thermoelectric generator, a convex lens, and a thermal heatsink. The most important feature of the proposed recycling system is its simple structure and design, without comp More
        This research presents a solar energy recovery system consisting of three main parts including a thermoelectric generator, a convex lens, and a thermal heatsink. The most important feature of the proposed recycling system is its simple structure and design, without complexity and reasonable price. In the design of the recycling system, one side of the thermoelectric is hotted by solar energy, and the other side of the thermoelectric is cooled by the heatsink which is exposed to river water. The temperature gradient is created on both sides of the thermoelectric, which recycles solar energy, resulting in voltage and electrical power. To evaluate the proposed system for solar energy recovery, after its construction, all data and effective parameters on both sides of the thermoelectric generator during the test are recorded every ten minutes, and then the recycling system and information recorded in the engineering equation solver software as codes. Based on the experimental tests, the maximum output voltage of the recycling circuit at a temperature difference of 25 ° C is reported to be 229 mV. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        13 - Design and analysis of hybrid systems solar, wind, osmotic for green plants using ant colony optimization algorithm
        mohsen rasinezam hossein shayeghi
      • Open Access Article

        14 - Optimization Planning Model for Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction Via Renewable Energy Switch in a Coal Power Station
        S. Siti Hafshar A. Johari H. Hashim Saeed Ahmed
      • Open Access Article

        15 - Feasibility of Economic and Environmental Study of Tehran Residential Building's Hot Water Supply Using Solar Energy
        Hossein Yousefi Soheil Roumi Younes Noorollahi
        In this study, inflation and time value has been taken into account for the economic investigation of the period of return on investment in replacing natural gas water heaters in Tehran residential buildings. First, the economic analysis was calculated considering all r More
        In this study, inflation and time value has been taken into account for the economic investigation of the period of return on investment in replacing natural gas water heaters in Tehran residential buildings. First, the economic analysis was calculated considering all replacing cost by the residents. Second, the calculation was done if the government through the Ministry of Energy pays for all replacing cost. After reviewing various strategic of replacing natural gas boilers with solar water heaters considering the importance of economic and environmental subjects, replacing by citizens because of the financial problems and a long period of return on investment (11.2 years) is impossible.  On the other hand, due to reduction of air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, especially CO2 which is calculated around 2.7 million ton per year, and the country's ability to exporting natural gas to neighboring countries, the strategy of subsidize of replacing by the Ministry of Energy has a return on investment (around 2 years) is much more reasonable. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        16 - Determining the Best Orientation for Buildings in Zanjan City Based on Solar Radiation
        hasan Akbari Faramarz Hadavi Mehdi zamani usef alipour
        In recent years, high consumption of energy has become one of the major problems of world especially in big cities. One of the solution given for this situation is using solar energy as much as possible. If buildings are constructed in accordance with solar radiation an More
        In recent years, high consumption of energy has become one of the major problems of world especially in big cities. One of the solution given for this situation is using solar energy as much as possible. If buildings are constructed in accordance with solar radiation and the region climate, they can absorb the lowest energy in hot and the most energy in cold period; then there will be noticeable saving in energy consumption. Since Zanjan has special location, the buildings’ orientation should be in a way that in cold period the most and in hot period the lowest energy hit the building. In this research, for the most efficient use of solar energy in Zanjan, the case study, first the climate information collected from Zanjan Synoptic Center for a period of 40 years, then, the data processed by Q-BASIC and EXCEL soft wares. And finally the best orientation for buildings in this city has been determined. According to the research results the best orientation for buildings are 135 degree and 225 degree of Azimuth angle. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        17 - Feasibility Study of 23 kW Photovoltaic Power Plant ‎Connected to the Grid in Haftkol City ‎
        Pouyan Ghanbari
      • Open Access Article

        18 - Feasibility Study of Solar Water Heater System and ‎Ambient Heating for the Laboratory Complex of ‎Ahvaz Branch of Islamic Azad University with ‎Valentin T*SOL Software
        Pouyan Ghanbari
      • Open Access Article

        19 - A Review on the Photovoltaic Panels: Applications, ‎Modeling and Economic Evaluation with Focusing on ‎the Phase Change Material Cooling Method
        Seyyed Masoud Seyyedi
      • Open Access Article

        20 - Photo corrosion of titania nanotubes within water splitting reaction
        Shahab Khameneh Asl Deniz Unar
      • Open Access Article

        21 - Feasibility Study of Using Photovoltaic Systems in Water and Wastewater Industry (Case Study: Tehran Water and Wastewater Company)
        Ensieh Ozgoli Younes Noorollahi Reza Arjmandi Ali Mohammadi
        Since water and wastewater companies are one of the significant energy consumers in urban industries, there is a substantial share to increase electricity demand and as a result, increasing the power plants load. The purpose of this study is to present a new evaluation More
        Since water and wastewater companies are one of the significant energy consumers in urban industries, there is a substantial share to increase electricity demand and as a result, increasing the power plants load. The purpose of this study is to present a new evaluation approach for using solar energy in the water and wastewater industry. Therefore, while consideration of the energy consumption in the six regions of Tehran Water and Wastewater Company, requirements for the installation and operation of photovoltaic systems in this company has been investigated. In the present study, the objective functions are energy consumption costs and greenhouse gas emissions; Also, solar energy potential, increasing population rate and water consumption are the most important independent variables and forecasted electricity consumption, carbon tax, and electricity sales price are also dependent variables. The results of this study, which can be based on using the regression model, show that the increase in electricity consumption and costs are 1.5 and 3 times in this period, respectively. To calculate the amount of greenhouse gas emissions, the three scenarios are implemented and compared with the replacement of 5, 20, and 30% of the company required electricity by photovoltaic systems. The reduction in CO2 emissions due to the production of 30% of electricity consumption with solar energy, amounted to 26,712 thousand tons. On the other hand, taxing more than $ 10 per ton of CO2 emissions changes the consumption pattern and reduces the cost of electricity consumption in this industry by $ 5,987,086. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        22 - Residential Tower Design with Solar Energy Approach in 22 District of Tehran
        Afshin Ghorbaniparam alireza jpiry mohammadreza Ghorbaniparam
        Today, with the expansion of cities and migration to metropolises, the needs and problems of urbanization are changing day by day. With the increase of the population and their needs, and the transformation of villas into towers and skyscrapers, and due to the multiplic More
        Today, with the expansion of cities and migration to metropolises, the needs and problems of urbanization are changing day by day. With the increase of the population and their needs, and the transformation of villas into towers and skyscrapers, and due to the multiplicity of units and floors, social interactions in them are distorted and the use of electricity and fossil fuels has increased on the one hand all over the world, due to the existence of problems Because of the excessive consumption of energy and its high economic costs, the use of renewable energy from the sun has become very important to reduce energy consumption.The current research was conducted with the aim of designing a residential tower with solar energy approach in the 22nd district of Tehran. In terms of purpose, it is practical, in terms of analytical descriptive nature, and in terms of data, it is quantitative and qualitative, and energy modeling (simulation) is used. Data collection was done by library and field methods. The results of the current research show energy saving according to the orientation of the building, the volume and overall shape of the building, the placement of internal spaces, the walls of the passage net, shade, the use of the second shell and performing energy calculations. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        23 - Climatic Design of Form, Aspect Ratio and Building’s Orientation Based on Solar Radiation in Tehran
        hassan Akbari esmail ebrahimi
        Considering the special geographical-climatic conditions and the high consumption of fossil fuels in Tehran, the design of buildings, consistent with the climate and in order to benefit from renewable energies such as solar energy is necessary. The physical characterist More
        Considering the special geographical-climatic conditions and the high consumption of fossil fuels in Tehran, the design of buildings, consistent with the climate and in order to benefit from renewable energies such as solar energy is necessary. The physical characteristics of buildings have a very important role in the regulation of microclimate conditions and thermal situation of interior and exterior spaces of buildings. The aim of this research is to determine the proper form, aspect ratio and orientation of buildings, based on the amount of received solar radiation in Tehran. In this research, six geometric forms, including square, rectangle, hexagonal, octagonal, hexadecagon and triacontadigon with an equal area and elevation were studied. Using the Q-BASIC software, the azimuth angle and altitude of the sun were extracted, then, based on “Law of Cosines” computational method, the amount of energy received at the vertical surfaces was estimated in 32 geographic directions. The results show that the highest amount of annual received energy is related to the rectangular form with the North-South orientation and the least amount is related to the rectangular form with East-West orientation. The best form of building in Tehran is a rectangle with East-West orientation and after that is the square form. The most suitable aspect ratio for the rectangular form with the East-West orientation is the ratio of 1: 1.4. The most appropriate orientations for the specified aspect ratios, are the 165 degrees South-East and South-West and then is the directions to the South. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        24 - System Dynamics Modeling and Simulation to Analyze the Role of Solar Energy in Secure Access to Sustainability
        Maryam Ebrahimi Nazanin Pilevari
      • Open Access Article

        25 - Application of nanofluids for heat transfer enhancement in solar water heaters
        محمد رضا جعفری نصر سیده فاطمه حسینی
        In this study, techniques for heat transfer enhancement reviewed. Application of nanofluids was studied as a new technique for more energy saving and heat recovery. Transys version17 simulation was used for prediction of thermal efficiency of water and various nanofluid More
        In this study, techniques for heat transfer enhancement reviewed. Application of nanofluids was studied as a new technique for more energy saving and heat recovery. Transys version17 simulation was used for prediction of thermal efficiency of water and various nanofluids in a flat plate solar collector. Nano fluids that were used in this simulation analysis are copper oxide, copper, and alumina. The results show that the heat transfer and thermal efficiency of copper nanofluid are greater than other working fluids while the exergy efficiency of alumina is greater. Gambit 2.4.6 was used for our CFD calculation along with the Fluent version17.2. We used a model to numerically simulate the heat transfer. The governing equations and corresponding boundary conditions are converted to dimensionless forms and solved numerically by the finite element method. The results show that efficiency of copper is 67% and it is greater than alumina and copper oxide efficiency. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        26 - افزایش راندمان خروجی کل مدول فتوولتائیک با بکارگیری کلکتور فتوولتائیک - حرارتی
        سید امیر به مونسی
          تابش خورشیدی دمای سطح مدول فتوولتائیک (PV) را افزایش می‌دهد که این افزایش دما، سبب کاهش راندمان الکتریکی و عمر مفید سلول‌های فتوولتائیک می‌شود. یکی از روش‌های کاهش دمای مدول‌های فتوولتائیک، کاهش حرارت سطح مدول به‌واسطه گردش سیالی همچون آب یا هوا است. به دستگاه More
          تابش خورشیدی دمای سطح مدول فتوولتائیک (PV) را افزایش می‌دهد که این افزایش دما، سبب کاهش راندمان الکتریکی و عمر مفید سلول‌های فتوولتائیک می‌شود. یکی از روش‌های کاهش دمای مدول‌های فتوولتائیک، کاهش حرارت سطح مدول به‌واسطه گردش سیالی همچون آب یا هوا است. به دستگاه‌هایی که بر این مبنا عمل می‌کنند کلکتورهای ترکیبی فتوولتائیک – حرارتی (PV/T) می‌گویند. معمولا کلکتورهای ترکیبی فتوولتائیک - حرارتی، از یکپارچه‌سازی مدول فتوولتائیک و کلکتور حرارتی به منظور جلوگیری از تماس مستقیم سیال خنک کننده با سطح مدول ساخته می‌شود. جاذب حرارتی به دلیل دفع حرارت از سطح مدول به سیال بسیار حائز اهمیت است بنابراین عملکرد حرارتی و الکتریکی یک کلکتور PV/T به طراحی مناسب جاذب وابسته است. در این تحقیق، ابتدا طبقه‌بندی و ساختارهای مختلفی از کلکتور PV/T بررسی شدند. در ادامه راندمان حرارتی و الکتریکی 9 طرح کاربردی از کلکتور PV/T به صورت تئوری با یکدیگر مقایسه شدند. سپس راندمان الکتریکی کلکتور PV/T نوع ورق و لوله توسط مدول PV شاهد تحت آزمون قرار گرفت. بر طبق نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش، در صورتی که دمای سیال ورودی پایین باشد، کلکتور PV/T راندمان کل بالاتری در مقایسه با کلکتور حرارتی یا مدول PV مجزا خواهد داشت. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        27 - Management and Environmental Assessment of Simultaneous Production of Solar Electricity and Heat (Case Study: Sar Agha Seyed Rural Health Center)
        Mashallah Valikhani Dehaghani Mohsen Khalili Samani Daryosh Mohamadi Janaki