List of Articles Small intestine

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  1 - The effect of helium neon laser irradiation on the morphology of small intestine of hatched broiler chicks
  هادی ابوالحسنی جمشید قیاسی قلعه کندی علیرضا احمدزاده جواد حیدربیگی ممقانی
  An experimental was conducted to determine the effect of helium neon laser irradiation on themorphology of small intestine of hatched broiler chicks. A total of 225 day old (Ross 308)broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized. Design with 3 treatments in 3 repl More

  An experimental was conducted to determine the effect of helium neon laser irradiation on themorphology of small intestine of hatched broiler chicks. A total of 225 day old (Ross 308)broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized. Design with 3 treatments in 3 replicates(25 chickens per replicate). Experimental treat were: 1) without laser irradiation (control). 2) 6mw laser irradiation, for 1.5 minute, 12 hours before incubation. 3) 10 mw laser irradiation, for1.5 minute, 12 hours before incubation. At the ages of 21,28,36, and 42 days , 2 broiler wasselected from each replication, and various sections of their small intestine were sampled inlaboratory (1, 10, 30, 50, 70, 90% length of small intestine). And villi length, crypt depth, andtheir ratio were measured. The results of related to morphology of small intestine (villous lengthand crypts depth) showed distinguish between treatments were significant (P< 0/05). Heliumneon laser irradiation on the morphology of small intestine of hatched broiler chicks hadsignificant effect. Thus, helium-neon laser irradiation with an intensity of 10 mw on villouslength and crypt depth had a positive effect on nutrient absorption has the effect of feed. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Effect of different levels of canola oil on activity of mucosal Leucine Amino peptidase enzyme in small intestine of turkey chicks
  جمشید قیاسی قلعه کندی
  Adding fat to the feed palatability, slow food through the intestines and also help absorb fatsolublevitamins can improve poultry performance. An experiment was conducted to study theeffects of different levels of canola oil on Leucine Amino peptidase (LAP) enzyme activ More

  Adding fat to the feed palatability, slow food through the intestines and also help absorb fatsolublevitamins can improve poultry performance. An experiment was conducted to study theeffects of different levels of canola oil on Leucine Amino peptidase (LAP) enzyme activity ofthe small intestine of turkey chicks. This research in a completely randomized design with threelevels of canola oil with 0 , 5.2 and 5% with 3 replicates each containing 10 turkey chicks wasdone. Animals were slaughtered at the end and different segments of small intestine at 1, 10, 30,50, 70 and 90% of total length the small intestine were taken from each replicates (N=2)Leucine Amino peptidase enzyme activity was measured and recorded. Data were analyzed bySAS (P<0.05). As intake of different levels of canola oil significantly increased Leucine Aminopeptidase enzyme activity at sites of the small intestine of the turkeys (P<0.05), Seems to slowdown the oil passes through the intestines to digest food better protein and increased enzymeactivity in intestinal mucosa are Leucine Amino peptidase enzyme. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Effects of perlite on morphology of villi in the small intestine of broiler chicks
  جمشید قیاسی قلعه کندی رحیم بهشتی محمد موسی پور
  Perlite is among silicon volcanic stones and posses a neutral pH and had been admitted in thechemical direction of food. An experiment was conducted to study the effects of perlite onmorphology of villi in the small intestine of male broilers. The experimental design wa More

  Perlite is among silicon volcanic stones and posses a neutral pH and had been admitted in thechemical direction of food. An experiment was conducted to study the effects of perlite onmorphology of villi in the small intestine of male broilers. The experimental design wasarranged as randomized complete bocks in 4 * 2 factorial arrangement of treatment. 120 malebroilers of Ross commercial hybrid (Ross 308) was designated into 2 groups (control andtreatment). 3 replicates of 20 birds were assigned to each treatment. Control treatments were fedbase diet and treatment with the same base diet plus 2% perlite.Animals were slaughtered and different segments of small intestine(at1,10,30,50,70 and 90% oftotal length the small intestine) were taken from each replicates (N=2). Morphology of villi wasmeasured and recorded. Data were analyzed by SAS (P<0.05).Results: As intake of perlite significantly changed in the morphological of villi at weeks andsites of the small intestine of the broiler chicks (P<0.05), these data suggested that perliteadministration improves fat digestion and absorption in broiler chicks.As morphological of villi is responsible for digestion and absorption in the small intestine and asthe effect of perlite administration in the diet of broilers on this morphological of villi had notbeen investigated the fallowing work had been designed and performed. Manuscript profile
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  4 - The effect of in ovo injection of Gherlin on Sucrase enzyme activity of small intestine mucosa in broiler chicken
  J. Ghiasi Ghaleh-kandi,
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of in ovo administration of ghrelin onsubsequent small intestine Sucrase activity in broilers. In this experiment 900 fertilized eggswere collected from commercial breeder flock. The eggs were divided into five experim More

  The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of in ovo administration of ghrelin onsubsequent small intestine Sucrase activity in broilers. In this experiment 900 fertilized eggswere collected from commercial breeder flock. The eggs were divided into five experimentalgroups; control (without injection), group 2 (in ovo injected with basal solution), group 3 (in ovoinjected with 50 μg/egg ghrelin), group 4 (in ovo injected with 100 μg /egg ghrelin) and group 5(in ovo injected with 150 μg /egg ghrelin). In ovo injection was done at day 7 of incubation.Two broilers from each group have been choose and slaughtered on days 21 and 42 of rearingperiod and 1, 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90 percent of small intestine sampled for evaluate Sucraseenzyme activity. According to the results, in ovo injection of 100 μg /egg ghrelin increasedintestine Sucrase enzyme activity in different parts of small intestine on day 21 post hatch(P<0.05) but had no effect on day 42 (P>0.05). These results suggest that in ovo injection of 100μg ghrelin had beneficial effect. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Anatomical and Histological study of the Small intestine in See-see (Ammoperdixgriseogularis)
  Jalil Pourhaji Motab, Babak Rasouli
  The importance of anatomical and histological studies of the small intestine in birds is for autopsy examinations and pathological changes in infectious and metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphometric and morphological features of small More

  The importance of anatomical and histological studies of the small intestine in birds is for autopsy examinations and pathological changes in infectious and metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphometric and morphological features of small intestine in See-see. See-see is a kind of partridge that can be found in large areas of Iran. For this research, 7 male and 7 female partridges were randomly selected. Moreover, for histological study, tissue samples were obtained from 3 males and 3 females and were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The small intestine in See-see contained 61% of the length of the gastrointestinal tract and consisted of 3 distinct sections of the duodenum, the jejunum and the ileum. The duodenum was a U-shaped ring and the jejunum had 4 to 5 small loops. Histologically, the small intestine has many villi in order to create maximum surface to absorb food and goblet cells were observed in all three sections. Although the number of cells and the height of the villi were diverse in different parts of intestine. The submucosa was also a thin layer in all sections and was with no lymphoid structure. The results show that the anatomical and histological structures of duodenum, jejunum and ileum in see-see, despite the slight differences in histomorphology, is similar to birds. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Effect of barberry juice in different amounts on production traits, blood parameters, length of villi, and depth of intestinal folds of broiler poultry
  رودابه Sarshar جمشید , Ghiyasi-ghalehkandi
  10.30495/jcp.2023.22820
  120 one-day-old broiler chickens of the Ras 308 commercial strain were randomly placed in 4 treatments including control, 1, 2 and 4 liters of barberry juice in 1000 liters of water. The length of the test period was 42 days, which included the initial period (from the More

  120 one-day-old broiler chickens of the Ras 308 commercial strain were randomly placed in 4 treatments including control, 1, 2 and 4 liters of barberry juice in 1000 liters of water. The length of the test period was 42 days, which included the initial period (from the 7th day to the end of the 21st day) and the growth period (from the 22nd day to the end of the 42nd day). According to the results, treatment 1 was associated with a decrease in fertilizer consumption, and treatments 2 and 3 were associated with an increase in fertilizer consumption compared to the control group, and this difference was significant only between treatments 1 and 3 (P<0.05). The best breeding performance with the lowest conversion rate was also obtained in treatment 1. Improvements in various parameters were observed in blood parameters, but the only significant factor was albumin values in treatment 3, which showed a significant decrease compared to the control group (P<0.05). In examining the length of the villi, all the treatments had a significant increase in the first 10%, and the highest increase was related to treatment 1 (P<0.05). Also, treatment 1 showed the highest significant value (P<0.05) in the depth of the leaves. It can be concluded that the use of 1 liter of barberry juice per 1000 liters of water in the poultry diet can have positive effects on weight gain and improve the performance of broiler chickens. Manuscript profile
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  7 - The effect of in ovo injection of different DL-methionine to L-lysine ratios on small intestinal histomorphology and immune system organs in day-old broiler chicks
  Marziyeh Ebrahimi Roya Ghochkhani Masoud Adibmoradi Zolfaghar Rajabi
  Early development of small intestine can cause higher growth rate in hatchlings. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of in ovo injection of different ratios ofDL-methionine to L-lysine on small intestinal histomorphology and immune system organs More

  Early development of small intestine can cause higher growth rate in hatchlings. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of in ovo injection of different ratios ofDL-methionine to L-lysine on small intestinal histomorphology and immune system organs of day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks. In this experiment, 210 fertile Ross 308 broiler breeder eggs were randomly assigned into 7 experimental groups including 30 individual eggs per group. Treatment groups included: sham control (non-injected), control (1ml distilled water), 40.5, 45.5, 50.5, 55.5, and 60.5% DL-methionine to L-lysine ratios which were injected into the amnion at 14 d of incubation. On day 22, hatched chicks were weighed and slaughtered in order to evaluate the characteristics of small intestine and immune system organs. Based on the results of the present experiment, the effects of in ovo injection with different DL-methionine to L-lysine ratios on weight and relative weight of ileum, ileum length, weight and relative weight of small intestine, length and relative length of small intestine were significant (p<0.01) and elevatory. Also, significant effect (p<0.05) of treatments was observed on crypt diameter (except for duodenum), crypt depth, villus height, and villus height to crypt depth ratio in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. On the other hand, immune system organs were not affected by the treatments. The overall results of the present study showed that in ovo injection from 40.5 to 50.5% of DL-methionine to L-lysine ratio improved small intestinal growth and histomorphology in broiler chicks. Manuscript profile
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  8 - The effect of combination of probiotic, lactase enzyme and special antibodies on growth factors and histomorphology of small intestine in broiler chickens
  Mir Hamed Sarvgad Afshin Zakeri
  Improvement of the immune system response along with increase in performance and growth factors are important goals of the modern poultry industry. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of combination of probiotic, lactase enzyme and special antibodies on im More

  Improvement of the immune system response along with increase in performance and growth factors are important goals of the modern poultry industry. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of combination of probiotic, lactase enzyme and special antibodies on improving the small intestinal histomorphology and growth factors in broiler chickens. For this purpose, 96 broilers (Ross 308) were distributed randomly into two groups of 48 with 4 replicates of 12 chicks. In the experimental group, two grams of the test compound was used in water for 42 days. All birds were weighed at the end of each week in order to investigate their growth factors. For histomorphological characterization, two broilers from each replicate were selected and the entire small intestine was removed and sent to the histology lab. The results indicated a significant difference in growth factors between the two groups from the third to the sixth week (p<0.01). Crypt depth, villi height, thickness of muscular and mucosal layers  and the number of goblet cells in different parts of the intestine was significantly different between the two groups (p<0.01). The results showed that this compound can improve intestinal histomorphology and increase nutrient absorption and efficiency of food and improve growth factors therefore it seems that its use can improve the standard of growth in the poultry industry. Manuscript profile
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  9 - Comparative histomorphometric study of small intestine in broiler chicken using the closed-Clarke, opened-formalin and closed-formalin fixation methods
  Aref Mahmoodtabar Mohammad Amir karimi Torshizi
  Tissue fixation is a vital step in preparation of samples for histological studies and mistakes at this stage could lead to irreversible damage. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of three sample preparation-fixation methods on histomorphometic indices of s More

  Tissue fixation is a vital step in preparation of samples for histological studies and mistakes at this stage could lead to irreversible damage. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of three sample preparation-fixation methods on histomorphometic indices of small intestine of broilers. Thirty 10 day old broilers of Ross 308 strain were used in the study. Segments of small intestine were washed and prepared as opened or closed sections. The closed sections were fixed in 10% saline-formalin. The opened samples were cut at the mesenteric line and were fixed by 10% saline-formalin. In Clarke’s fixation the ends of samples were sealed by string and Clarke’s solution was injected into the lumen. Fixed samples were subjected to paraffin embedding and 5 µm sections were cut using rotary microtome and sections were stained by Eosin-Hematoxylin and Alcian blue. In each section the villus height, villus thickness, crypt depth and goblets’ density were measured under light microscope and the villus surface index was also calculated. Data were subjected to ANOVA in a completely randomized design with three treatments and 30 observations. The results indicated that method of preparation-fixation had a significant effect on morphometric indices (p<0.01). The closed-formalin’s samples had the greatest villus height and crypt depth values in all three intestinal segments, while the lowest values were observed in closed-Clarke’s method (p<0.01). Closed-Clarke’s samples had the thickest villus in all three parts of small intestine followed by closed-formalin’s and opened-formalin’s samples (p<0.01). Villus surface area was highest in closed-formalin fixed samples (p<0.01). Considering simplicity of the method, low cost,  better mucosal protection and lack of severe tissue changes observed in closed-formalin’s method, this method was considered as a method of choice in histomorphometric studies of poultry small intestinal mucosa. Manuscript profile
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  10 - Effect of methionine deficiency on small intestinal histology in Japanese quail
  Ashkan Khalkhali somayeh hamedi mohammadreza paryani
  10.30495/jvcp.2020.670681
  Background and purpose: Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) is a small size bird with big economical profits. This species is a good "dual-purpose" bird and is now reared for the meat and egg production. Quails have relatively early maturity and may be used as an experim More

  Background and purpose: Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) is a small size bird with big economical profits. This species is a good "dual-purpose" bird and is now reared for the meat and egg production. Quails have relatively early maturity and may be used as an experimental model due to their fast development, small size, etc. Moreover, because of high mortality due to emergence of new and reemergence of existing diseases in chickens, quails are being reared as they are more resistant to common poultry diseases. Methionine (Met) is a sulfur-containing amino acid with the biological functions including involvement in synthesis of eukaryotic proteins, defense against oxidative stress, methylation reactions and so on. Met also has a role in avian immune function and the nutrient digestibility in the intestine. Changes in small intestine morphology can alter absorption rate, weight gain and performance of the animal because of its important role in digestive tract for absorption. From the other point of view, alteration in the ingredients of diet may lead to a change in the intestinal mucosa and subsequently alteration in poultry performance. Thus, the aims of this study were to investigate the effect of Met deficiency on the development of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) and the goblet cell population in Japanese quails.Materials and methods: To evaluate the Met deficiency as a vital amino acid on histology of small intestine of Japanese quail, 20 male one-day old quails were randomly allocated into 2 groups of 10 birds. One group received Met deficient diet while another group of birds were kept as control with standard diet for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, all animals sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Whole length small intestine was removed immediately and immersed in 10% buffered formalin. After fixation, 1cm-thick samples were taken from the middle parts of duodenum (from the gizzard to pancreatic and bile duct), jejunum (from the bile duct to Meckel’s diverticulum) and ileum (from the Meckel’s diverticulum to ileo-cecal-colonic junction). After routine histological laboratory methods, 6μm-thick transverse cross-sections were made, a total number of 10 sections used from each intestinal segment of each bird; sections stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin and Periodic acid-Schiff. For measuring length and width of villi, depth of crypts and goblet cells number Axio vixion Rel 4.8 software were used. Data were expressed as Mean±SD. Data analysis was performed by Independent-Samples T Test method and differences considered statistically significant at p < /p> Manuscript profile
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  11 - A report of unusual diffuse nodular lesions in intestines of lambs with coccidiosis
  a.r Taghavi Razavizadeh حسین Nourani Gh Razmi هاشم Zarif Moghadam Basefat
  Ovine and caprine coccidiosis has always been regarded as one of the important diseases with high morbidity and economic losses such as weight loss, death and costs of treatment and control. In a sheep farm, 4 sick newborn lambs (out of 10 lambs) with the age of 1 to 2 More

  Ovine and caprine coccidiosis has always been regarded as one of the important diseases with high morbidity and economic losses such as weight loss, death and costs of treatment and control. In a sheep farm, 4 sick newborn lambs (out of 10 lambs) with the age of 1 to 2 months died with clinical signs of weight loss, loss of appetite, yellowish diarrhea, fever, ruffled wool, contamination of tail and perineal area to diarrheic stool and abdominal pain at the touch of abdomen. At necropsy on one lamb, multiple and diffuse nodular hyperplastic lesions yellowish-white in color were seen in the mucosal surface of jejunum. Microscopically, in addition to hyperplasia of the small intestinal villi, various developmental stages of Eimeria were observed. Based on morphological characteristics and presence of numerous polyp like formations in small intestine, the involved protozoan species was determined as Eimeria bakuensis. The relatively high case fatality rate in this flock could be related to sever nodular lesions in the small intestines, age and immune status of the affected animals. Manuscript profile
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  12 - اثر کاربرد اسانس گیاه آویشن در بافت شناسی روده موش صحرایی
  حشمت سپهری مقدم مژده عمادی الهام ملاشاهی
  مقدمه و هدف:  داروهای ضدالتهاب غیراستروئیدی در پزشکی بالینی استفاده می شوند. اگرچهگاهی اثرات خاصی در دستگاه گوارش ایجاد می­نمایند. استفاده خوراکی داروی ایندومتاسین باعث بروز استرس اکسیداتیو در روده کوچک می­شود. روش تحقیق:  تاثیر آویشن که دارای خصو More

  مقدمه و هدف:  داروهای ضدالتهاب غیراستروئیدی در پزشکی بالینی استفاده می شوند. اگرچهگاهی اثرات خاصی در دستگاه گوارش ایجاد می­نمایند. استفاده خوراکی داروی ایندومتاسین باعث بروز استرس اکسیداتیو در روده کوچک می­شود. روش تحقیق:  تاثیر آویشن که دارای خصوصیات آنتی­اکسیدانی است بر موش­هائی که با ایندومتاسین تغذیه اجباری شده­بودند, بررسی شد.مواد موثره آویشن از طریق اسپکتوفتومتری گاز کروماتوگرافی تعیین شد. نتایج و بحث: ارتفاع پرز, عرض پرز, ارتفاع کریپت و عرض کریپت در دئودنوم, ژژنوم و ایلئوم موش­­های تغذیه شده با ایندومتاسین و تیمار شده با آویشن در مقایسه با موش­های تغذیه شده با ایندومتاسین بهبود معنی­داری نشان داد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: تیمول حاصل از انسانس آویشن به عنوان ماده ای موثر در جهت کاهش اثرات زیانبار داروی ایندومتاسین توصیه می­شود. Manuscript profile
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  13 - Operational Conditions of Micronized Maize Grains Assessed by Modeling Ruminal in vitro Gas Production Data and Three Steps Method
  R. Samsami A. Rohani V. Heidarian Miri س.ه. ابراهیمی
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  14 - The Influence of Dietary Lysine Levels on Small Intestine Morphometrics in Starter and Grower Period of Broiler Chickens
  غلامحسن واعظی مسعود تشفام شهاب بهادران حیدر فرازیان
  Theandshy; purpose of this study to demonstrate the effects of lysine supplement on Small Intestine Morphometrics of broilers chickens. 180 day old male Ross breed broiler were purchased and divided into 3 groups. In starter period Control group received diet containing More

  Theandshy; purpose of this study to demonstrate the effects of lysine supplement on Small Intestine Morphometrics of broilers chickens. 180 day old male Ross breed broiler were purchased and divided into 3 groups. In starter period Control group received diet containing 1.2% lysine, Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 group received diet containing 1.3% and 1.4% Lysine, respectively. In Grower period Control group received diet containing 1.1% lysine, Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 group received diet containing 1.2% and 1.3% Lysine, respectively. Intestine villous Morphometrics examination was done by analyzing of villiand#39;s height, width and depth of crypts. PAS solution was used in order to staining samples. Data analyzed by SPSS 17software through one-way variance analysis and Tukey Test. The finding shown that as diet lysine increased, in trearment2 the villous height and crypt depth had a significant increase compared to the control Group. The growth of intestine villous width which depends on lysine density had significant increase (Pandlt;0.05) compared to control group. Lysine had no significant effect villous height to crypt depth ratio and villous height to villous width ratio in the jejunum. Manuscript profile
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  15 - Anatomical and Histological Study on the Small Intestine of Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata)
  Jalil Pourhaji motab S.R. Hashemi
  Duck is a bird often living in water. Due to its high weight, Muscovy duck is a good bird for meat production. Small intestine is important in mammals and birds for digestion and absorption. There is no research on anatomical and histological study in adult Muscovy duck More

  Duck is a bird often living in water. Due to its high weight, Muscovy duck is a good bird for meat production. Small intestine is important in mammals and birds for digestion and absorption. There is no research on anatomical and histological study in adult Muscovy duck. In this research, 20 male and female Muscovy ducks were selected and their small intestine was studied anatomically. In this organ, statistical analysis of length and width was calculated by SPSS software with t-test. Then, histological study was carried out with hematoxylin and eosin kit. Anatomical and histological results were generally similar to other birds; however, there were differences in some results. Notable anatomical feature in Muscovy duck was in duodenum and jejunum.  Duodenum was curved U shape. Jejunum in female Muscovy duck has six loops and in male Muscovy has five loops. Average length and width of the small intestine in male Muscovy duck is larger than that of the female Muscovy duck. This difference is significant in the length of duodenum. Notable histological feature in Muscovy duck was the presence of long and non-branching villi in jejunum. In the histological study, the notable feature was the long and non-branching villi with a simple columnar epithelium whose height was reduced from the duodenal to the ileum. Moreover, the number of goblet cells increased from duodenum to the ileum in epithelium. Manuscript profile
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  16 - Effect of dietary inclusion of Zataria multiflora on histological parameters of small intestine in broiler chickens
  Somayeh Hamedi
  The composition of diet can influence morphological features of intestines which may lead to changes in digestion and absorption of nutrients.The present study evaluates the histomorphometric changes of small intestine due to Zataria Multiflora in broiler chickens. To t More

  The composition of diet can influence morphological features of intestines which may lead to changes in digestion and absorption of nutrients.The present study evaluates the histomorphometric changes of small intestine due to Zataria Multiflora in broiler chickens. To this end, Fifty, one-day old chickens were randomly divided into fve equal groups and fed with diets contained 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% of Z. multiflora (experimental groups) or basal diet (Control Group) for 40 days. At the end of the treated period, all animals were weighted and sacrifced. Small intestine was removed from the bodies immediately after death; transverse sections were successively cut with 2cm intervals and fxed in 10% buffered formalin. The sections were stained with H&E, and then studied under light microscope. Height and width of villi, depth of crypts, and width of sub-mucosal and muscular layer were measured by linear Graticule, then data were analyzed by using the ANOVA statistical test. The result showed that, villus height, crypt dept, and villus height/crypt dept ratio as well as submucosal and muscular layer width did not signifcantly changed in the experimental groups as compared to control; this indicated either the lack of any change in intestinal absorption or the weights of the experimental chickens as compared to the control. In conclution, the consumed ration of Z. Multiflora that used, could not effect on absorption ability via intestinal histological changes.   Manuscript profile