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Open Access Article
1 - Investigating the relationship between the oaths of God, the holy world and the permission of seizure relying on the Qur'an
Saeed Emami Mahnaz EsfandObviously, we swear by what is important, respected and honored to us. Because God has spoken to human beings in their own language, they have sworn to different phenomena such as tin, olive, night, day, etc. in the holy verses in different places. We live in a world th MoreObviously, we swear by what is important, respected and honored to us. Because God has spoken to human beings in their own language, they have sworn to different phenomena such as tin, olive, night, day, etc. in the holy verses in different places. We live in a world that has a special sanctity. In this article, we have tried to determine that we live in a holy world whose creator has sworn and sanctified all its phenomena according to the sanctity of the world by God and through its various parts; Therefore, we do not own anything by ourselves and we cannot seizure the world without God's permission. But God has given us this permission in several stages. The general cases of permission include the following: the importance of human existence as the Caliph of God; Also, legal and illegal things that have been stated in the Shari'a and the verses related to the implicit permission for man to conquer the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Check the rule Tlqyt
هادی غلامرضاراوی محمود یوسف وندIs one of the legal rules Tlqyt.This means that instead or sales or whatever is supposed to be given a free transfer and which is not right.n this paper, to be answered is whether or issues of law or rule of law Qvadh Tlqyt the basics?Is this Tlqyt independent rule is a MoreIs one of the legal rules Tlqyt.This means that instead or sales or whatever is supposed to be given a free transfer and which is not right.n this paper, to be answered is whether or issues of law or rule of law Qvadh Tlqyt the basics?Is this Tlqyt independent rule is a rule or not? Is Tlqyt condition is bilateral or obstacles?In this article we have tried to these questions by studying books and taking notes and refer to religious books and summarizing the analytical method to be performed according to the jurists. It seems that the rule of law is Tlqyt And is a principle that Ksyrh legal issues in various legal fields is ongoing And the contract should be discussed barriers And whether or not its cause inaccuracy of the contract.The rule is that the rules of tradition has been concluded and there is no particular narrative in this case. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The effect of swimming exercise and hesperidin on hippocampal cell damage after pentylenetetrazol induced prenatal seizures in rats
Samaneh Rafiei Shaghayegh Keshavarzi Mehdi Noura Mohammad Amin Edalatmanesh -
Open Access Article
4 - Noise elimination in automatic detection of epileptic seizures by wavelet transform using feature selection algorithm
akram asghari govar -
Open Access Article
5 - The state of real estate in the period of Reza Shah (1320-1304) solar celendar
Mostafa Mirzaei علی بیگدلی عباسعلی ghAbstractSince the British government's colonial policy in the Middle East was to preserve the interests of the East India Company and Iran was recognized as a gateway to India, it led to the government to change the Qajar government that was weak and create a powerful c MoreAbstractSince the British government's colonial policy in the Middle East was to preserve the interests of the East India Company and Iran was recognized as a gateway to India, it led to the government to change the Qajar government that was weak and create a powerful central government. That was the product of Reza Shah. Among the actions of Reza Shah during the monarchy were the seizure of high -profile property and people, which in the present article, with descriptive and analytical research to identify Reza Shah's motives in the occupation of real estate by ruling power, applying different policies to seize these real estate in general. Iran, and especially in the north and the Caspian coast. Now the key question is how the seizure of the real estate by Reza Shah what impact on the degeneration or development of the social classes of Iran of that day and theoretically and methodological using historical documents that lead to deep class divisions (between the poor and the rich. At the country level, as well as the oppression and acts of violence against ordinary people to use and harvest real estate products that led to pessimism and opposition to the Pahlavi government.Asaresult, Reza Shah somehow created the spread of feudalism and wealth in a limited part of the dominant and prosperous classes in the classes of society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - A Comparative Study of the Effects of the Decline of the Main Case on Mutual Countermeasures in the Laws of Iran and France
Azad Rashid Azarpour Akbar BashiriAzad Rashid Azarpour[1] Akbar Bashiri[2] Abstract: The impact of the decline and the seizure of the main dispute over a cross-appeal is one of the issues discussed and the disagreement in the civil proc­edure. There may be a major dispute over the length of t MoreAzad Rashid Azarpour[1] Akbar Bashiri[2] Abstract: The impact of the decline and the seizure of the main dispute over a cross-appeal is one of the issues discussed and the disagreement in the civil proc­edure. There may be a major dispute over the length of the trial due to sei­zure and detention, what is the point in this regard to what extent is the li­nk­ that has been created between the main and the reciprocal of the dispute? Therefore, in this research, we will examine the effect of the deconstruction and seizure of the proceedings in the main dispute as to the mutual dispute raised during the main pro­ce­ed­ings. Due to the fact that the seizure and the decay of the proceedings to protect the rights of the parties to the lawsuit and the observance of the rights of defense of the parties to the lawsuit are also part of the rules of procedure, the existence of this longing is necessary. The result is that the loss of the main claim may result in the recovery of the cl­aim, the extradition of the petition, the decline of the right, the reco­nciliation between the parties and the change of court. These cases have been explicitly mentioned by the legislator in French law. [1]- Master of International Trade Law, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran [2]-Assistant Professor and Faculty Member, International Trade Law, Private Law and International Trade Group, Maragheh, Iran:Corresponding Author Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Epileptic Seizure Prediction using Multi-Channel Raw EEGs with Convolutional Neural Network
Jamal Nazari Ali Motie Nasrabadi Mohamad Bager Menhaj Somayeh Raiesdana -
Open Access Article
8 - The Effect of Swimming Training and Trans-cinnamic Acid on Anxiety, Working Memory and Dark Neuron Density of Rat’s Offspring Hippocampus in Prenatal Seizure Model
Mohammad Ali Zarei Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini Mohammad Amin EdalatmaneshIntroduction: Perinatal seizure cause hippocampal neuronal apoptosis by inducing oxidative stress in the fetal central nervous system. This study evaluates the effect of swimming training (ST) and trans-cinnamic acid (CIN) administration during pregnancy on anxiety, cel MoreIntroduction: Perinatal seizure cause hippocampal neuronal apoptosis by inducing oxidative stress in the fetal central nervous system. This study evaluates the effect of swimming training (ST) and trans-cinnamic acid (CIN) administration during pregnancy on anxiety, cell damage and density of apoptic neurons in the neonatal hippocampus following penthylentetrazol (PTZ)-induced perinatal seizures. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, neonates from 25 Wistar pregnant rats were randomly divided into 5 healthy control, PTZ+NS, PTZ+CIN, PTZ+ST and PTZ+CIN+ST groups. From embryonic day (ED) 14, the animals were treated with repeated PTZ administration (50 mg / kg, intra- peritoneally) for 5 consecutive days. During pregnancy, moderate intensity swimming (20 min, 3 sessions per week) and CIN gavage (100 mg/kg) were performed daily until term delivery. Anxiety-like behaviors and working memory were assessed with elevated plus maze and Y maze, respectively and dark neurons density was measured in the hippocampus of male neonate at postnatal day (PND) 30. Findings: Significant decrease in alteration behavior and increase in anxiety with high density of dark neuron in different areas of hippocampus were observed in the PTZ+NS group compared to the control group (p ˂ 0.05). On the other hand, in PTZ+CIN+ST group, in comparison with PTZ+NS group, a decrease in anxiety, amelioration of working memory deficit and a decrease in hippocampal dark neuron density were observed (p ˂ 0.05). Conclusion: Interaction of swimming training with trans-cinnamic acid administration ameliorates cognitive-behavioral deficits and cell damage in the hippocampus of rats exposed to maternal seizures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - A Comparative Study of the Electronic Evidence in Criminal Justice Systems of Iran and China
Babak pourghahramani Reza GhaderiBackground and Objective: With expansion of cyberspace, crimes in this area have also spread. The need for credibility, seizure and collection of electronic evidence has been considered in various criminal justice systems. The purpose of this article is to comparatively MoreBackground and Objective: With expansion of cyberspace, crimes in this area have also spread. The need for credibility, seizure and collection of electronic evidence has been considered in various criminal justice systems. The purpose of this article is to comparatively study and analyze the position of electronic evidence in the criminal justice systems of Iran and China.Method: The present research employs a descriptive-analytical method in reaching its objectives. The rules and regulations governing electronic evidence in China and Iran have been studied and comparatively examined.Findings: Investigating cybercrime requires the seizure, collection and credibility of electronic evidence in the trial process. The laws and regulations of Iran and China have dealt with these issues separately and have provided solutions for criminal prosecution by criminalizing cybercrime.Results: The criminal systems of Iran and China have adopted different regulations and laws with regard to collection, seizure and credibility of the electronic evidence according to their own needs in the society. The legal system of China is more developed than Iran as far as its technical and specialization are concerned. The legal system of Iran, in its turn, follows a human rights approach of the same and attempts at restricting the authority of the justice administration law enforcement agents by stating their duties and responsibilities. Both of the systems use police force as the responsible body for collecting, seizure and credibility of the electronic evidence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Optimal Feature Space Selection in Detecting Epileptic Seizure based on Recurrent Quantification Analysis and Genetic Algorithm
Saleh LAshkari Mehdi AzarnooshSelecting optimal features based on nature of the phenomenon and high discriminant ability is very important in the data classification problems. Since it doesn't require any assumption about stationary condition and size of the signal and the noise in Recurrent Quantif MoreSelecting optimal features based on nature of the phenomenon and high discriminant ability is very important in the data classification problems. Since it doesn't require any assumption about stationary condition and size of the signal and the noise in Recurrent Quantification Analysis (RQA), it may be useful for epileptic seizure Detection. In this study, RQA was used to discriminate ictal EEG from the normal EEG where optimal features selected by combination of algorithm genetic and Bayesian Classifier. Recurrence plots of hundred samples in each two categories were obtained with five distance norms in this study: Euclidean, Maximum, Minimum, Normalized and Fixed Norm. In order to choose optimal threshold for each norm, ten threshold of ε was generated and then the best feature space was selected by genetic algorithm in combination with a bayesian classifier. The results shown that proposed method is capable of discriminating the ictal EEG from the normal EEG where for Minimum norm and 0.1˂ε˂1, accuracy was 100%. In addition, the sensitivity of proposed framework to the ε and the distance norm parameters was low. The optimal feature presented in this study is Trans which it was selected in most feature spaces with high accuracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - A New Approach in Epilepsy Diagnosis using Discrete Wavelet Transformation and Analysis of Variance
Tayebeh Iloon Ramin Barati Hamid Azad -
Open Access Article
12 - Immunity of state property in international law Looking at the seizure of Iranian oil exports by the United States
Abdul Samad Bahrani Sohrab Salahi Mohsen DiyanatField and Aims: Iran has been under unilateral US sanctions for years, and the scope of these measures is increasing every day. From the seizure of Iranian property and assets to the threat of seizure of Iranian oil tankers shows the growing tensions. In this regard, th MoreField and Aims: Iran has been under unilateral US sanctions for years, and the scope of these measures is increasing every day. From the seizure of Iranian property and assets to the threat of seizure of Iranian oil tankers shows the growing tensions. In this regard, the main purpose of this study is to examine US actions in imposing sanctions and seizing Iranian oil tankers from the perspective of international law. Method: This is a qualitative and applied research in terms of purpose and in terms of collecting information by documentary method and studying international documents, sources related to the subject and the obtained information has been analyzed descriptively-analytically. Findings and conclusion: The rule of judicial immunity The government has accepted exceptions following changes in the international legal system, including the exemption of tenure and the adoption of the doctrine of limited immunity. Regarding the imposition of unilateral sanctions, there is no explicit text in the Charter of the United Nations that states agree to exert pressure through sanctions in various fields, and therefore, these actions of the United States have no legitimacy. Regarding the US action in seizing Iran's export oil, it should be said that this measure lacks legitimacy in terms of the principle of equality of states, in terms of international rules of the law of the sea and in terms of the principle of protection of state property from seizure by domestic courts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - International Responsibility of Greece and The United States of America for Seizing the Oil Tanker of The Islamic Republic of Iran
Mohamad Setayeshpur Moein SaadiField and aims: following the seizure of the oil tanker of the Islamic Republic of Iran by Greece, which took place on the orders of the US Department of Justice, international responsibility is realized. The two elements of attribution and breach of obligation, which a MoreField and aims: following the seizure of the oil tanker of the Islamic Republic of Iran by Greece, which took place on the orders of the US Department of Justice, international responsibility is realized. The two elements of attribution and breach of obligation, which are elements of creating international responsibility, are evident in relation to the actions of two states. On the other hand, the retaliatory action of the Islamic Republic of Iran can be justified according to the provisions of the international law of the seas and also based on the assumption of the claims made by the Greek government in the context of the retaliatory action. The consequences of the international wrongful act carried out by Greece and the U.S.A. should also be stopped and compensation for the damages should be paid in full to Iran.Method:The present research was carried out using a descriptive-analytical method. Finding and conclusion: In the case of the seizure of the oil tanker known as Lana, which used to operate under the name of Pegas and was carrying an oil cargo belonging to Iran, the Greek government illegally seized the ship while it docked in the coastal waters of Greece and then transferred its cargo to the American ship at the request of the US Department of Justice. The international wrongful act is considers as a breach of international obligation of Greece and the United States of America which causes the international responsibility of both states. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The Effect of Synchronus Intraperitoneal Injection of Harmaline and PTZ on Serotonergic and Gabaergic Pathways and Seizure Threshold in NMRI Male Mice
غلامحسن واعظی فاطمه نصیرزادهEpilepsy is one of the chronic disorders of nervous system in human being. Totally, this disease is distinguished by motor, sensory and psychic periodic attacks. This disease disrupts the brain function and it is accompanied by different, abrupt, transitory and returnab MoreEpilepsy is one of the chronic disorders of nervous system in human being. Totally, this disease is distinguished by motor, sensory and psychic periodic attacks. This disease disrupts the brain function and it is accompanied by different, abrupt, transitory and returnable symptoms that usually, the conscious level gets disruptive. The goal of this research is the study of intraperitoneal injection effects of harmaline and PTZ on seizure threshold and its effect on serotonergic and gabaergic pathways. The experiments were carried out on male mice (NMRI) with approximateweigh of 25-30 gr. In this study, the animals divided into five groups of eight: experimental and sham. Sham groups received intraperitoneal injection of harmaline (dose of 5mg/kg) and intraperitoneal injection of PTZ (dose of 45mg/kg). Three experimental groups received synchronous injection of PTZ (dose of 45mg/kg) and different doses of harmaline (5, 10, 20 mg/kg). After drug injection, seizure reflexes have been recorded through direct observation for 20 minutes. The obtained information was analyzed by applying statistical tests (Tukey and ANOVA). The results of this study have shown that in sham group seizure threshold of PTZ was a dose of 45mg/kg and harmaline seizure thresholdwas a dose of 5mg/kg. Whereas, in pre-test applying of low doses has not shown any symptoms of tremor and seizure, also harmaline in case of dependent dose and significantly has reduced seizures threshold. The results of this study have shown that synchronous and intraperitoneal injection of harmaline and PTZ have reduced the seizure threshold and seizure symptoms have revealed earlier. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Determination of Seizure Threshold due to Intrapritoneal Injection of Harmaline in NMRI Mice
غلامحسن واعظی مهسا ترابی عبدالحسین شیرویHarmaline is one of the alkaloids that exist in different plant like Peganum harmala. This alkaloid has stimulative effect on realasing serotonin and katkol -amins in different parts of the brain.Also this alkaloid has hallucinogenic effect. one of the most important ph MoreHarmaline is one of the alkaloids that exist in different plant like Peganum harmala. This alkaloid has stimulative effect on realasing serotonin and katkol -amins in different parts of the brain.Also this alkaloid has hallucinogenic effect. one of the most important pharmacological effects of Harmaline is the inhibitory effect on Monoamine oxidase enzyme.Also Harmaline with attachment to Inverse agonist locus GABA-A receptors produced a wide range of antagonistic effects against benzodiazepins and interference of benzodiazepine receptors in produce seizure and tremor has show.This research has done to estimate seizure threshold due to intrapritoneal injection of Harmaline in comparison with seizure threshold pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) of male NMRI mice.In this research the positive control receive of amount 45mg/kg,ip of PTZ and the other groups were injected with 5,10,20 mg/kg,ip of Harmaline.After above injections, seizure symptom has been estimated.As result of this research indicate the seizure threshold in positive group (PTZ) is amount 45mg/kg and seizure threshold of Harmaline is amount 5 mg/kg.In conclusion can reveal that Harmaline with attachment to Inverse agonist locus GABA-A receptors produced a wide range of antagonistic effects against benzodiazepins and has show that gabaergic system and serotonin neurotransmitters are involved in seizure activity due to Harmaline.While in seizure due to PTZ,interfere picrotoxine locus of GABA receptor and benzodiazepine locus has partial role on its effects.The result of this research has been shown that Harmaline reduce seizure threshold dose dependent significantly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The Effect of Alcoholic Extract of Artemisia aucheri on Pentylenetetrazol-induced Seizure in Male Mice
معصومه کشاورزیان غلامحسن واعظی نسرین حیدریهVarious species of the genus Artemisia are used as drugs in the treatment of some diseases and also in the physiological and pharmacological studies. Artemisia aucheri contains large amounts essence of terpenoids group, particularly "sesquiterpene lactones, ketones and MoreVarious species of the genus Artemisia are used as drugs in the treatment of some diseases and also in the physiological and pharmacological studies. Artemisia aucheri contains large amounts essence of terpenoids group, particularly "sesquiterpene lactones, ketones and monoterpene. These components have biological activities thus they can affect some physiological activites. In this study, the effect of alcoholic extract of Artemisia aucheri on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced convulsions was investigated. In this research, N-MRI male mice with weighing (22-28 g) were used. The animals were divided into three groups: control group (saline), Sham group that received saline and Tween 20 (1%), and experimental groups that included three subgroups. In these subgroups, mice were injected 5, 6.25 and 7.5 mg/kg extract respectively. All drugs were injected intraperitoneally. After 20 minutes seizure was induced by pentylenetetrazole (80 mg/kg) and seizure symptoms were evaluated for 20 minutes. Data were analyzed by one- way ANOVA. Our results showed that Artemisia aucheri in 7.5 mg/kg dose decreased initiation time in the 2stage and 5 stage (pArtemisia aucheri increases PTZ induced convulsions in dose dependent manner. It seems that some substances such as sesquiterpene lactones or some monoterpene ketone such as camphor and cineole (through reducing catecholamines release by noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors) cause this situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The Effect of Eryngium Campestre Hydroalcoholic Extract on Seizure Due to by Pentylene Tetrazole Injection in Adult Male Rats
Sara Zandi Saeid Valipour Chahardahcharic Maryam RafieiradEpilepsy is the most common disorders of the nervous system. The side effects of some drugs and their resistance to them have been considered by plants for identifying drugs with minimal side effects. This study investigated the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of E. ca MoreEpilepsy is the most common disorders of the nervous system. The side effects of some drugs and their resistance to them have been considered by plants for identifying drugs with minimal side effects. This study investigated the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of E. campestre on pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in male mice. In the present experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats weighing 25-30 g were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8): saline, three epileptic groups treated with doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of E. campestre extract and positive control group treated with 1 mg/kg diazepam. In order to create a model of epilepsy, Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) was injected with dose of 85 mg/kg. The effect of different doses of extract and drug on the severity of seizures was evaluated by measuring the duration of different seizure behavioral states in the animal. All prescriptions were given intraperitoneally (ip). The groups treated with different doses of E. campestre extract as well as the diazepam treated group showed a significant increase in delayed onset of seizure, tonic duration, clonic duration, and tonic-clonic duration, and length Seizure time and survival rate were significantly higher in the saline group. The results of this study showed that E. campestre extract increase delayed onset of seizure and reduced mortality due to seizure in mice. Manuscript profile
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