Rural Settlement

Open Access Article

1 - The Establishment of Rural Settlements in Kermanshah Province In Relation to Faults Using GIS
zahra gholami rad kianoosh behrouzi

The emergence of human settlements, especially villages, has been based on suitable natural factors. In the world today, the gap between the findings of the humanities and their ability is increasingly growing day by day to protect people's lives and properties and the More

The emergence of human settlements, especially villages, has been based on suitable natural factors. In the world today, the gap between the findings of the humanities and their ability is increasingly growing day by day to protect people's lives and properties and the fury of nature continues to wreak havoc. Sciences themselves also contribute to the increase of these risks to some extent and new forms of danger with new effects which is caused by improper use of technology. The role of geomorphology studies and preparation of geomorphology maps are vividly important not only in rural construction but in most cases in making decisions that leads to the preparation of rural development plans. Geomorphological factors and the influence of morphogenic phenomena are forgotten and not taken into consideration. In the shadow of such studies, stable and unstable lands and their instability methods are determined with effective mechanisms .The present study examines and evaluates the settlement of 2793 rural places in connection with faults in Kermanshah province. In order to investigate these factors, accurate and powerful GIS software was used to produce and analyze maps. During this process, first the base maps were prepared, then the distribution of settlements was analyzed in relation to the fault layer and the correlation test (pearson's type) was used to determine the degree of correlation between natural factors and the distribution of settlements. The results of the correlation coefficient method show that there is a significant and strong relationship between the natural factor of the fault and the distribution of settlements in the studied area, and the distribution of the studied rural settlements is regular in relation to the environmental-ecological capabilities and limitations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Rural Growth and Decay: Analysis of Physical-Spatial Transformation of Rural Area in Iran (Case Staudy: Kahak Area of Qom Province)
Dewey Thorbeck Ali Asghar Isalou Mostafa Bayat

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Drought risk management role in reducing the vulnerability of socio-economic in rural settlements (Case Study: Nagadeh county)
shamsi salehpour asghar azizi Khadijeh karimi Zary Gasemian

Nowadays many of governments, don’t give a lot of credit to developed organizations and seek better risk management. The present study aimed to investigate the role of drought risk management in reducing the vulnerability of socio-economic in rural settlements of More

Nowadays many of governments, don’t give a lot of credit to developed organizations and seek better risk management. The present study aimed to investigate the role of drought risk management in reducing the vulnerability of socio-economic in rural settlements of nagadeh.In the analysis of Friedman test methods, T one sample, path analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient was used.The results showed that the vulnerability of rural settlements have seen the most demage after the occurrence of drought and risk management based on economic, social and socio-economic aspects could have an important effect in reducing rural vulnerability with average of 3.75. on basis of path analysis economic and socio- economic aspects of risk management with /528 - /363 coefficient have direct impact and social aspects have indirect impact in reducing economic and social vulnerability with /198 coefficient. Therefore, it can be inferred that drought risk management as the most sensible approach is to reduce vulnerability and at the operational level should be done participatory, flexible and Situational Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Gully erosion risk mapping to identify villages with use of Fuzzy model Gorgor River Basin Shushtar
علیرضا حبیبی

Gully erosion is development form of water erosion that that effects of natural and human factors of the imbalance comes. Rural Settlements and Infrastructure causes irreparable damages to be created. Purpose of this study, identified Rural settlements risk is using the More

Gully erosion is development form of water erosion that that effects of natural and human factors of the imbalance comes. Rural Settlements and Infrastructure causes irreparable damages to be created. Purpose of this study, identified Rural settlements risk is using the fusion model fuzzy - Ahp. The total of nine natural factors that are contributing in Gully event was used in this model and Gully erosion hazard map of Rude- kar-kar river basin was developed using geographic information system and ArcGIS 10 software. Resultant data was checked by field observations and results of previous studies.Results showed that 92 villages at north and south of catchment are located in areas with very high and high risk of flood because of their topographic location. The total of 66 % of catchment area were classified in very high to high risk of gully erosion, which point out that the study area is encountering severe gully erosion hazards. In addition, application of FUZZY-AHP model and method of this resaerch is firmly recommended to be used for planning of gully hazards for human settlements at other parts of Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Analysis of housing provision condition in rural settlements on the sidelines of metropolises Case study: Kahrizak district villages in Ray County))
وحید ریاحی زهرا میثمی فرهاد جوان

In Iran these strategies have experienced in a variety of ways and in the past decade effective proceedings done to provide urban and rural housing. The paper is study the ways and effects of rural housing provision said to aim to analyze the methods and the housing pro More

In Iran these strategies have experienced in a variety of ways and in the past decade effective proceedings done to provide urban and rural housing. The paper is study the ways and effects of rural housing provision said to aim to analyze the methods and the housing provision status in rural settlements around metropolitan areas. For this research, villages Firozabad, Ghaleno Khaleseh and Dehkheir of Kahrizak district of Ray town ship with 4562 households were selected as sample. Research methodology is descriptive – analytical and used documents and official documentation of Housing Foundation of Islamic Revolution and field studies (questionnaire) for data collecting and for data analysis, statistical software and models, SWOT and AHP are used. The results show that in the first method and the amount of facilities delivery is not sufficient in terms of quality and quantity, then to variety facilities can help to rural households and in the end regional policies adaptation and provide housing programs and in other words, making the programs native can be effective for more rural housing and easier repayment house facilities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Measurement and Analysis of the Development Gap Between Rural Settlements Bushehr Province With an Emphasis on Comparative Comparison Northern Counties and Southern
یعقوب زارعی علیرضا استعلاجی

The study of the nature of an applied research and in terms of methodology placed as descriptive and analytical research methods for data collection, the library and collect the purposes of the research-based data and General Population and Housing Census data tables an More

The study of the nature of an applied research and in terms of methodology placed as descriptive and analytical research methods for data collection, the library and collect the purposes of the research-based data and General Population and Housing Census data tables and statistics common forms (particularly Statistical Yearbook 2011, Bushehr province). It is worth noting that the total population of the study was habitable villages located in Bushehr Province (861 villages) in order to assess the level of their development, 66 components in the form of development indicators from official statistics Bushehr Shipping and was evaluated using fuzzy TOPSIS technique. The findings of research analysis confirmed the existence of gaps in the distribution and allocation of facilities and rural services, Suggests that there have been the most popular development gap in communication parameters equal to 0/55, service equal to 0/48 and health care equal to 0/42. The results also showed that the gap has been the administrative, security index equal to 0/32, equal to 0/24 in the underlying index, education index of 0/20 and religious-cultural index equal to 0/19. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Measuring Villagers' Awareness of Sustainable Agriculture in Order to Preserve the Natural Ecosystem (Case study: Rural settlements along Lake Zarivar)
Hamid Jalalian Loqhman Javed Farhad Javan Zari Ghasemiyan

10.22034/jest.2019.26890.3585

Background and Objective: Environmental protection and natural ecosystems are among the principles of sustainable development in the countryside. Development is compatible with the preservation of environmental, biological and related resources. In this regard, the pres More

Background and Objective: Environmental protection and natural ecosystems are among the principles of sustainable development in the countryside. Development is compatible with the preservation of environmental, biological and related resources. In this regard, the present study aimed at evaluating environmental indicators based on the dimensions of sustainable development in rural settlements of Golchidar village in Marivan County. Method: The statistical population of this study was 16 villages of Golchider rural municipality (803) households, which were selected by available sampling method. The questionnaire was distributed using a sample size based on the number of households in each village. The research methodology is conducted in a descriptive and analytical manner, so that at the descriptive stage, the present situation is identified and in the process of work, using statistical analysis, we deduce and explain the results. Results: The results of environmental status indices using the Rij model in the studied villages indicate that among the 16 indicators surveyed, 8 indicators, 50% of the villages were in a complete state of instability and undesirable, in which the index of sewage facilities with a degree of sustainability 010 /. In the worst case, there are environmental indicators. One-sample t-test showed that there is a significant relationship between environmental indicators and the instability of rural settlements studied. Conclusion: Regarding the fact that rural areas of the study area are not in desirable condition. it is necessary to review the status of indicators of sustainable development in the village of Golchidar and to have proper and effective management factors for preserving the village and its ecosystem. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Study of Effective Factors on Rural Biological Settlements (Case Study: Sardasht City)
Shirko Ahmadi

Attention to the development of rural settlements of central and essential needs of regional and national development in any country is; because between rural and urban development, there is a basic continuity without a special look to this association, regional and nat More

Attention to the development of rural settlements of central and essential needs of regional and national development in any country is; because between rural and urban development, there is a basic continuity without a special look to this association, regional and national development will not be successful. Development of rural settlements and ongoing dynamic process that in addition to economic aspects, the non-economic aspects of the experts and scholars have been strongly emphasized and recommended. Among the most important emphasis, knowing the capabilities of rural settlements with particular attention to how to deal with the natural environment full and serious consideration to the size and rural environment are expressed in studies and planning. In this research that is done with descriptive-analytical and with field survey methods has attempted to measure biological limitations of rural settlements in the mountainous areas in the city of Sardasht. The statistical population of this research is villages with more than 50 families that their number are 856 families in which, 200 families were selected as sample. Findings of the study suggest that factors such as the high slope of the ground, the mountainous region, non-biological facilities, long distances from the center of town and countryside has created so many problems for residents and villagers of that region have been forced to migrate. Generally, there is a meaningful relationship between geographical factors such as the slope of the land, geology, access to educational levels and life pattern that has created special biological patterns for the villagers.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Evaluation and Analysis of the Population Structure of Rural Settlements (Case study: Sistan and Baluchestan Province)
Gholam Reza Miri ُSajad Poudineh Morteza Sadegh bakhtiari Zahra sarabandi

10.30495/uf.2021.685737

Rural settlements, as the smallest geographical unit, have been formed under the influence of various factors in the geographical context and in the form of human-environment relations. Rural areas around the world tend to offer similar characteristics. Populations are More

Rural settlements, as the smallest geographical unit, have been formed under the influence of various factors in the geographical context and in the form of human-environment relations. Rural areas around the world tend to offer similar characteristics. Populations are spatially dispersed. Agriculture is often dominant and in some cases the economic sector and the opportunities to mobilize resources are limited. The aim of this study is to evaluate and analyze the population structure of rural settlements in Sistan and Baluchestan province. The research method is descriptive-analytical according to the research topic; the purpose is applied and the data have been collected by documentary method. The statistical population in this study includes all rural settlements in Sistan and Baluchestan province in 2016. Spatial correlation tests in Geoda software and Moran’s I have been used to analyze the data. The results of Moran correlation show that the amount of spatial correlation is significant and positive in all cases at the 95% confidence level and there are significant differences in terms of spatial pattern. Also, there is always a big difference between different regions of the province in terms of distribution of specified criteria. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Definition of the effects of tourism on rural sustainability Case Study : Shemshak Village , Tehran State
H. Lotfi A. moradi E. khalifeh Z. Haghigimotlagh

Today with increasingly proccess of population growth and development of poverty in local communities , attention to rural tourism has been mentioned as a source to increase of income and creating of financial welfare , and thus governmental and private policies and inv More

Today with increasingly proccess of population growth and development of poverty in local communities , attention to rural tourism has been mentioned as a source to increase of income and creating of financial welfare , and thus governmental and private policies and investments has provided structural- functional changes of these rural spaces that has caused to settlemental sustainability / unsustainability . This article attempts to reply to this problem how rural tourism developing as an economical-cultural activity has caused to settlemential sustainability / unsustainability during (1375 – 1390) . Method of resaerch is ( descriptive – analytical ) , and needed data and information also have been gathered in ways of ( field work and librariy) , statistical softwares ( Excel and Spss ) have been useded to analys the data and also to draw the maps , Arc Gis has been utilized . Population include of 362 household that through cochran formol 20 has been selected as a sample , and 20 persons of tourists also has been selected . Tourism by accelerating of enviornmental problems and also creating of dualism and contrast in physical texture of the village (case study ) has caused to enviornmental – ecological and physical unsustainability ; but about social- cultural and economical, tourism has caused to social- cultural and economical sustainability , by increasing of income , decreasing of rural – urban migrations and in conclusion , by heighten of trend to insolubility in rural settlement . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - The Effect of Architectural Style of Second Homes on Physical Development of Rural Settlements
Aliakbar Anabestani teymour amar samira kaviani

Construction of the second homes is one of the interests of tourists to visit villages, which often is built with the purpose of spending leisure time in the rural areas and have positive and negative effects on the rural atmosphere in many aspects, especially the physi More

Construction of the second homes is one of the interests of tourists to visit villages, which often is built with the purpose of spending leisure time in the rural areas and have positive and negative effects on the rural atmosphere in many aspects, especially the physical body, which along with tourism development consists of more complex dimensions, and the need to analyze and explain these effects is felt more than ever. The present study has been done to investigate the effect of architectural style of second homes on the physical development of rural settlements in Kelardasht town. This study is functional in term of purpose, and is descriptive-analytic in term of method and nature. To gather data, the documentary research method and field research method have been used. The population of the research is nine rural settlements in Kelardasht town in which, building the second homes was remarkable. According to Cochran's, in the villages, the sample size of the households under questioning were 110 households, who were randomly selected from among the peasants and owners of second homes.By studying the dimensions and indicators of research variables, this fact could be found out that the highest level of satisfaction with the architectural style of second homes is(4.06) in the Telochal village, and the lowest value is (3.42) in Peyghale village. Also, in the case of a physical development variable of rural settlements, the highest level of this variable is (3.09) in Taeb Kola village.Also, the effectiveness of architectural style variable of second homes on physical development of rural settlements has been estimated around 0.3 percent, which reflects the low impact of architectural style of second homes on physical development of rural settlements. Only, architectural style of second homes has caused the development of rural settlements in improving the infrastructure services dimension. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Analysis of the Development Level of Rural Settlements and the Factors Affecting it (Case Study: The Central part of Iranshahr County)
Eskandar Seidaiy Hadi Rasti Sajedeh Azar

According to the evidences and experiences, the developing of rural areas in proportion to their share and the status and functioning in the national economy have been badly neglected, and because of inattention to the role of geographical factors (Natural environment, More

According to the evidences and experiences, the developing of rural areas in proportion to their share and the status and functioning in the national economy have been badly neglected, and because of inattention to the role of geographical factors (Natural environment, social, economic,…) in the ductility and spatial arrangements and the development of rural settlements, despite efforts in the country, especially after the revolution, instability and underdevelopment in the rural areas is still visible in Iran. Accordingly, this study seeks to examine the development level of rural settlements in the central part of Iranshahr and the role of geographical factors in that, from the local residents' point of view. The investigated factors comprise natural environment, spatial, social and economic ones. The research is descriptive-analytic and the total rural settlements of the central part of Iranshahr are the population. 19 villages and 294 heads of households were selected as the sample size. The obtained data were analyzed and processed through statistical methods in SPSS software. The results revealed a low rate of rural development in the central part of Iranshahr, i.e., is below the theoretical average (with an average of 2.43), and most of factors (apart from natural disasters, family aspect and employment rates) have a logical and significant relationship with rural development. Among them, the effect of spatial location factors and then, the social factors is more highlighted. Therefore, the development of rural settlements in the study area requires a fundamental revision in policies and programs for rural development, and also having a specific look at the role of some geographical factors in the development process of rural settlements is needed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - On the Analysis of Health Services Development Level from the Spatial Equity Point of View (Case Study: Rural Settlements of West Azerbaijan Province)
shamsie salehpour hassan afrakhteh

In each community, health and remedy as the one of parts important social, decisive role in the persons health and wellbeing of the community. Present study with the aim of analysis the spatial distribution of health services from the perspective of spatial equity has b More

In each community, health and remedy as the one of parts important social, decisive role in the persons health and wellbeing of the community. Present study with the aim of analysis the spatial distribution of health services from the perspective of spatial equity has been conducted in rural settlements Western Azerbaijan province. The research method is descriptive - analytical and Practical type. Data gathering in the form of 12 indicators, is documentary- Libraries method. In analyzing the data using models of Shannon entropy, TOPSIS, MORIS and in order to achieve the same result using method average ranks. Using these models and analyze each of them, rural settlements the county West Azerbaijan ranked and leveling space.  The results show that rural settlements of Urmia and Khoy countyes in both models with rank 1 and 2 with good condition have been in the first and second level. And rural settlements counties Salmas Mahabad, Takab, Piranshahr, Naqadeh, Shahindej, Sardasht, Oshnavieh, Chalderan With ranks sixth up fourteenth are the fourth level. Results conducted field observations showed that in existing spatial inequality, Addition to the number of population Operating distance is also effective. Even with increasing distance from the city center, will be reduced the intensity of the enjoyment of facilities and services. This results is of polar growth policies, Followed by that, all facilities and power is concentrated in one or several regions and other regions act marginally eventually, with regard to existing spatial inequality provided Suggestions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Investigating the Role of Natural Factors in the Geographical Distribution of Rural Settlements (Case Study: Sahneh County)
Mirsatar Sadr Mousavi reza talebifard Chia Niazy

  understanding the Impacts of environmental potentials power on the pattern of rural settlements  is the first step in understanding the spatial organization and management of spatial relations in the rural settlements . This knowledge can, in turn, prevent r More

  understanding the Impacts of environmental potentials power on the pattern of rural settlements  is the first step in understanding the spatial organization and management of spatial relations in the rural settlements . This knowledge can, in turn, prevent reactionary backwardness, population escape and the destruction of rural settlements as well as cause the underlying integrity of the place - Space and sustainable development of rural areas. Therefore, to study the effects of the powers of the natural environment, on the pattern of rural settlements is essential. The purpose of this study will be investigating the role of natural factors in the location of rural settlements in Sahneh. This research is applied in nature, and descriptive-analytic in method. Data collecting was conducted using the library and field and for data analysis as well as implementation and understanding of the problem results the geographical information system software, as well as integration and combination of the layers of information to the field was used. The results showed that the dominant pattern of distribution of rural settlements in Sahneh city, is a liner and a total of 189 villages in the city, have been located often in the range of 1500 to 1250 meters altitude, type in water and plain lands. On the other hand, one of the most important criteria for rural settlements to locate Sahneh city, extent and quality of the land is for agricultural purposes that this, has been followed compression of space and activities and excessive exploitation of the natural environment. Finally, regression fit model showed that water resources, soil resources, climatic conditions, topography, elevation, slope, vegetation and land use have the greatest effect on the geographical distribution of settlements. So you have to protect environmental resources and the selection of suitable sites for production and stable employment for residents of settlements, to provide field survival and sustainable development of rural areas. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Analyze the Impact of Natural Factors in the Spatial Distribution of Urban and Rural Settlements of Khonj County
Mohammad Ebrahim Afifi

Management and Planning of spatial structure of the optimal distribution of human population regardless of natural features, particularly the possibility of geomorphology is Impossible. It also drawing the outlook & future development without considering the operati More

Management and Planning of spatial structure of the optimal distribution of human population regardless of natural features, particularly the possibility of geomorphology is Impossible. It also drawing the outlook & future development without considering the operation and potential and weaknesses of geographic areas has not a desirable effect. Khonj city with a total of 89 urban and rural settlements located in the southern part of the Fars province and the climate is dry and hot. The distribution of this city is affected by various factors. This study assessed geomorphic factors affecting the spatial layout of settlements in the khonj city. The research is descriptive analysis using GIS. The findings of the study suggest that the establishment and expansion of settlements of khonj city directly affected by geomorphology of the area especially topography, slope of the land, cultivation of the land and distance from the river and fault. Manuscript profile

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16 - Assess the role of environmental elements sustainability in rural settlements SWOT method Case study: the central city Bardaskan
K. omidvar M. fanodi M. narangifard

In this study, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats was evaluated by SWOT method and some strategies were provided to improve sustainability rural settlements in order to provide strategies and Appropriate solutions for assessing the role of environmental el More

In this study, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats was evaluated by SWOT method and some strategies were provided to improve sustainability rural settlements in order to provide strategies and Appropriate solutions for assessing the role of environmental elements in sustainability of rural settlements in the central city of Bardaskan. The results showed that the strategies for continuity of the stability of the rural settlements, including optimal exploitation of water resources (as a main factor), Planting crops with low water requirements, holding Workshops in order to raise public awareness of villagers, Avoiding industrial wastewater into groundwater, culture making by expanding the communication and organization of local beneficiaries ,the protection of the ground water extraction, expanding coverage the rivers in the rural areas in central city of Bardaskan . preparation and implementation of complete immunization research projects in canals of the restrict, utilization of land resources, strengthening the foundation of the rural economy, (with tourism approach as an alternative framework of the appropriate and maximum use of existing conditions to develop the region’s natural tourism projects) are the factors of stability of the settlements. The factors of region’s village's instability including events natural hazards like severe and frequent droughts, floods and earthquakes and instability of slopes are the most important natural hazards in the central part of the Bardaskan city likely to occur and threaten the stability of rural settlements. Instability of the rural settlements caused unpleasant consequences, such as increasing migration, squatter phenomenon, informal settlements and uncontrolled spread of urban areas. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Role of Mosques in Organizing Political Participation in Elections (Provide A Model for Maximum Participation and Engineering the Geography of the Elections in Rural Settlements of Shahivand District of Lorestan)
Heidar Lotfi

One of the most important aspects of planning for rural settlements is organizing political participation of villagers in the elections which is also very important. There is no doubt that the geography of elections in rural settlements has its own characteristics. The More

One of the most important aspects of planning for rural settlements is organizing political participation of villagers in the elections which is also very important. There is no doubt that the geography of elections in rural settlements has its own characteristics. The main question of this article is that rural mosques in organizing the maximum participation and geographic engineering of the elections what role do in Shahivand Lorestan's rural settlements play? In fact, the geography of the elections in rural settlements in general and especially in rural settlements of Shahivand district has its own cultural, geographic and ethnic characteristics that has been revealed in different elections. Mosque of rural settlements in this section In order to organize the maximum participation and engineering geography of the election Have multiple functions which include: Political education of the villagers, explaining and encouraging people to participate in the elections, holding political discussions between representatives of the political factions and providing transparency and awareness to the residents. Given this introduction this paper will attempt to use a combination of library methods as well as the analysis of the past election in this section as well as interviews with residents and political science professors to be paid Analyze and explain the role of mosques in organizing political participation in the election in order to provide a model for maximum participation and Geography of elections in rural settlements of Shahivand district of Lorestan. Manuscript profile

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18 - Survey of economic effect of integrating plans of paddy fields in rural settlements Case Study: Central part of Rezvanshahr city
H. jalalian F. javan

There are about 10 thousand hectares of paddy fields in the Rezvanshahr city that often are used dispersed pieces and different sizes, this dispersion, make impossible the uses of scientific and technical achievements and technology, Investment in research, communicatio More

There are about 10 thousand hectares of paddy fields in the Rezvanshahr city that often are used dispersed pieces and different sizes, this dispersion, make impossible the uses of scientific and technical achievements and technology, Investment in research, communication and agricultural inputs. That in this situation, the integration of paddy fields is one of the solution Which can greatly obviate the challenge and have A key role in increasing agricultural production and economic development in rural areas . The purpose of this research is recognizing of economic effect of integrating plans of paddy fields in central rural of rezvanshahr city. This research in terms of porous is functional and in term of method is Descriptive – analytical. In this study, statistical population, rural of central area (29 villages), is in rezvanshahr city. Cochran formula was used to determine the number of sample households, upon which, Number of samples 225 was determined and after evaluating validity (Opinions of the members of faculty) and Stability (Alpha coefficient of 0.862) questionnaires were completed among of Households of sample rural. In order to achieve the required information, for measure Research variables was used the survey and documentary method And to review and analysis of information and data Of statistical tests such as t test and chi-square test was used The results show that with confidence interval 95 percent The integrated design of paddy fields have been improved rural economy As well as integration project of paddy fields in rural area Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Comparison the Performance of Rural Supervisory Management (Councils) in Small and Large Villages of Ardooghshan Rural District in Neyshabur County
Vahid Riyahi Nazanin Naeimabadi Frahad Javan

In many respects, rural councils’ performance depends on factors such as education, interest, social contexts and participation of villagers to a great extent. It seems that size of rural supervisorysettlements has impact on the performance of rural supervisoryman More

In many respects, rural councils’ performance depends on factors such as education, interest, social contexts and participation of villagers to a great extent. It seems that size of rural supervisorysettlements has impact on the performance of rural supervisorymanagement. The present study aims to investigate the rural management in small and large rural settlements and its differences and consequences. This is an analytical study based on library - documentary studies and after preparation of theoretical framework, indices, questionnaire and field study were done. For data analysis, SPSS and Expert Choice software were used. Questionnaires were distributed in 14 villages and among 334 persons living in big and small rural areas. To compare the success of councils in large and small villages, Mann-Whitney test was applied. Also, for economic, social and environmental ranking, Expert Choice software was used. The results of the study showed that first, significant differences were considered councils’ success rates in large and small villages in all indices, with a significance level less than 0.05 (sig < 0.05). Second, the results showed that the highest economic performance rank and the highest social rank had been allocated to large villages and also small villages, respectively. Manuscript profile

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20 - Spatial Analysis of the Degree of Development of Rural Settlements (Case Study: City Villages Zarrindasht County)
Mohsen Shayan Mahboubeh Namdar Sajad Bazvand Ebrahim Rezaei

Reasonable distribution of the fruits of economic development among the majority of the important features of a dynamic and healthy. Planners to achieve this purpose in reducing inequalities and imbalances through the development and implementation of several programs d More

Reasonable distribution of the fruits of economic development among the majority of the important features of a dynamic and healthy. Planners to achieve this purpose in reducing inequalities and imbalances through the development and implementation of several programs deprivation and open all the positive aspects of development are emphasized. This study aimed to determine the level of city districts have been developed Zarrindasht. According to the examined factors and nature of the subject, the dominant approach is this cross-sectional study. This research has an objective, practical, and in the literature, to collect information from a library of methods and questionnaires were used. The population of this research, consulting engineers, experts and agricultural experts Housing Foundation will form randomly sample size is set to the number of 24 people between them. F TOPSIS techniques have been used to analyze the data and index weight is achieved using F AHP technique. The results show that the district Khosuyeh is loaded into ci 0.593 maximum weight is allocated and placed in the first place. Ci 0.591district is loaded into second place zirab.The Western Izadkhast district with the ci 0.428, villages and Dabiran district is loaded into ci 0.241 Eastern Izadkhast with the ci 0.126 were ranked third to fifth. In terms of development of villages Zirab and Khosuyeh as developed villages were selected. Izadkhast districts of Western and Eastern Izadkhast Dabiran developing and villages in the area are excluded. Manuscript profile

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21 - Investigating the Role of Document Issuance on improving the livability of Rural Settlements (Case study area: Zaborkhan rural district, Neishabour township)
Tahereh Sadeghloo reyhaneh saadati fatemeh akbari

Implementation of the Rural Land Documentation Plan is one of the government's goals in achieving development and removing the deprivation of rural areas within the framework of the development plan. In this regard, implementation of the document issuance plan by affect More

Implementation of the Rural Land Documentation Plan is one of the government's goals in achieving development and removing the deprivation of rural areas within the framework of the development plan. In this regard, implementation of the document issuance plan by affecting on quality of the environment and making the rural settlements sustainable, has provided a villagers stability and sense of belonging to place in rural communities. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of the document issuance plan on the livability of rural settlements. The statistical population of the study was 140 rural households, which was obtained by Cochran method (with error 0.1). The number of households benefiting from this plan implementation were the basis for the selection of the case study villages. The findings of this study indicate that implementation of the document issuance plan has contributed to the promotion of all aspects of economic, social, environmental and physical livability. The highest mean of this change was related to the physical-infrastructure component with 3.459 average mean. The effect of project implementation had a significant and direct relationship with the time interval of project implementation. The results also indicate that the physical-infrastructural component of livability had the greatest impact on the variable of project implementation history. Kruskalwalis test was conducted to investigate the advantages or disadvantages of the effects of document issuance on the viability of the settlements in the study that based on the result, Baghshan village had first position among other studied villages. Manuscript profile

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22 - Spatial Analysis of the Impact of Commercial Tourism Indicators on the Sustainability of Rural Settlements (Case study: Dehshikh-Sigar Business District in Fars Province)
Aliakbar Anabestani Mahdi Masoumi Gharib Fazelniya Omid Ali Kharazmi

Introduction: Commercial tourism and its impact on cities and villages manifests itself in various forms, and causes various economic changes in tourist areas.Research Aim: The purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact of commercial tourism indicators on the su More

Introduction: Commercial tourism and its impact on cities and villages manifests itself in various forms, and causes various economic changes in tourist areas.Research Aim: The purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact of commercial tourism indicators on the sustainability of rural settlements in Dehshikh-Sigar business district, Lamerd County.Methodology: This study was conducted in a descriptive-analytical method. The population of study included all villagers living in 13 villages of Dehshikh-Sigar business district in Fars province. Using Cochran's formula with an error level of 0.06, 235 households were identified as sample households. SMART PLS, one-sample t-test and linear regression in SPSS were used to analyze the data.Studied Areas: The geographical area of this research is Dehshikh-Sigar Business District in Lamard County.Results: The findings confirm that the commercial tourism indicator with the value of R (0.959) has the greatest impact on the sustainable development of the rural settlements in Dehsheikh-Sigar business district. Eventually, using the R2 coefficients, we found that the level of development in the study villages, with an emphasis on commercial tourism in the villages of Dolatabad, Hassan Kamkali, Firoozabad, Kakli with the values of R2 (0.992, 0.988, 0.986 and 0.983) has the greatest impact, and has a poor performance in the villages of Dehshikh and Sigar with a R2 coefficients of 0.865 and 0.925.Conclusion: Commercial tourism has a positive and significant effect on the sustainable development of rural settlements, as according to standard coefficients, 32.5% of the sustainable development of rural settlements in the Dehshikh-Sigar business district is directly predicted by indicators of commercial tourism. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - The Study Indicators and Opportunities of Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Settlements in Boyer-Ahmad County
mohammad eskandari ahmad taghdisi yousof Ghanbari

Undoubtedly, Trying to reduce the problems of rural areas and their proper deployment in the development cycle require special attention. Today, attention to the development of entrepreneurship in these a

Undoubtedly, Trying to reduce the problems of rural areas and their proper deployment in the development cycle require special attention. Today, attention to the development of entrepreneurship in these a Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Level of rural settlements Zarrindasht county in terms of affecting the quality of life
mohsen shayan farkhonde salmanpoor Zahra Ahmadi sajad bazvand amir safai

Introduction: In recent decades, quality of life as one of the topics of interest to many sciences, has been considered by researchers, planners and governments.Aim of the research: The aim of the present study is to assess the quality of life in rural areas of Zarrin D More

Introduction: In recent decades, quality of life as one of the topics of interest to many sciences, has been considered by researchers, planners and governments.Aim of the research: The aim of the present study is to assess the quality of life in rural areas of Zarrin Dasht county.Research methodology: The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method of work. The statistical population of the study consists of all heads of rural households in Zarrin Dasht (7927 people), of which a sample size of 310 questionnaires was completed using Cochran's formula by simple random sampling. Also, 30 questionnaires have been completed by experts to weigh the indicators. Fuzzy hierarchical analysis has been used to weight the indicators and fuzzy TOPSIS and fuzzy Vicor models have been used to rank rural settlements.Geographical area of research: Zarrin Dasht city is one of the cities of Fars province, which according to the 2016 census had a population of 72951 people. The distance between this city and the center of the province is 255 km. Geographically, it is located in the southeast of Fars between the cities of Darab-Lar-Jahrom-Fasa. Findings and Discussion: The results of the research based on the fuzzy TOPSIS model show that Ziraab village with a value of 0.855 is in the first rank and Chah Anjir village with a value of 0.221 is in the last rank. Also, according to the results of fuzzy Vicor, Ziraab village with the value of 0.000 has the first rank and Chah Anjir village with the value of 1.000 has the last rank in terms of quality of life.Results: The results of the study indicate the fact that the villages of Zarrin Dasht city are not at the same level in terms of quality of life indicators. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Analysis of resilience components of rural settlements against earthquake risk (Case study: Ijroud city, Zanjan province(
Hossein farahani fariba abbasi

Resilience is one of the most important factors in achieving the sustainability of rural settlements. As resilience increases, the vulnerability of settlements to hazards decreases. The purpose of this study is to analyze the resilience components of rural settlements a More

Resilience is one of the most important factors in achieving the sustainability of rural settlements. As resilience increases, the vulnerability of settlements to hazards decreases. The purpose of this study is to analyze the resilience components of rural settlements against earthquake risk. The present research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical and library and field methods have been used to collect data. The statistical population of this study is the heads of households in 20 villages and rural specialists in Ijroud city. Using Cochran's formula, the required number of samples to complete the questionnaire has been calculated in a total of 342 cases (305 rural heads of households and 37 rural specialists). Face validity was evaluated by 35 faculty members of the Department of Geography, University of Zanjan and averaged 1.7. The reliability of the variables was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 76%, which indicates its acceptability. For quantitative analysis of data, statistical tests such as (one-sample t, path analysis, analysis of variance) were used. The results show that the resilience situation in the studied villages of Ijroud city against the occurrence of a possible earthquake in all components, with an average of 3.33 is unfavorable and the values tend to be vulnerable. Also, among the four components, the physical component with a total of direct and indirect effects explains 56.5% of alpha and is the most effective component in the resilience of Ijroud city. The four dimensions of resilience, in total, could explain 74.9% of the resilience of Ijroud city.Keywords: resilience, rural settlements, natural hazards, earthquake, route analysis, Ijroud city Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Measuring the Willingness to Immigrate in Rural Households in the Eastern Frontier Regions (Case Study: Torbat-e Jam County)
maryam Ghasemi Farhad Ramezani

Introduction: Border villages are among the most sensitive and strategic parts of the country that have unique and unique characteristics in various economic, social, political, cultural and security aspects. Migration of rural inhabitants of the border will deprive the More

Introduction: Border villages are among the most sensitive and strategic parts of the country that have unique and unique characteristics in various economic, social, political, cultural and security aspects. Migration of rural inhabitants of the border will deprive these regions of the productive and protective population of the country and create problems in the destination of migration.Research Aim: the present study aims to measure the tendency of households to migrate to the border villages of Torbat-Jam city which is more 95% of them are Sunnis.Methodology: The research method is descriptive-analytical and it is applied-developmental. Documentation and field data were collected using a questionnaire. The sample size is 214 Sunni households residing in 17 villages 10 km from the Iran-Afghanistan border.Studied Areas: The geographical area of this research is the villages located 10 kilometers from the Iran-Afghanistan border in Torbat-e Jam County of Razavi Khorasan province according to the country divisions of 2015 and before the separation of Saleh Abad County.Results: The results show that the mean tendency to migrate construct is 1.98 lower than the theoretical average and is low in the Likert spectrum. This is due to the religious dualism of the destination with the source of immigration, which creates a large social cost for the migrant at the destination. Therefore, among the inhabitants of the border villages of the city, migration as a defensive strategy in the face of livelihood challenges and the latest strategy to achieve Minimal living standards.Conclusion: This study showed that only the existence of some deprivations does not cause migration, because for the Sunni villagers living on the border, cultural reasons (living in birth place and with people of the same religion) cause a low desire to migrate. Since the population in the border villages is considered as a strategic reserve of the country, it is an inevitable necessity to try to solve the livelihood problems, especially considering the low desire of the residents to migrate and the relative stability of the population. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - The Effect of Physical-Spatial Developments of Rural Settlements Around Mashhad Metropolis on Villagers Life Quality
Mahdi Javanshiri Aliakbar Anabestani Hamdollah Sojasi Gheidari

The present study has been done for this purpose in rural settlements of Mashhad urban complex. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and fundamental in terms of purpose. Documentary and field methods have been used to collect information. The s More

The present study has been done for this purpose in rural settlements of Mashhad urban complex. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and fundamental in terms of purpose. Documentary and field methods have been used to collect information. The sample population is 28 villages of over 20 households in urban collection Mashhad which were selected from different classes of population and different distances with Mashhad city. From 20083 households in sample rural areas, using the Cochran formula, a sample size of 377 households were selected by random sampling method. Partial least squares technique and Smart PLS software were used to test the conceptual model of research and investigate the impact of physical-spatial transformations on quality of life. According to the results, the coefficients of t among the main variables of the study were above 2.58 which means that there is a direct and meaningful relationship. The R2 value represents 96.4% of the quality of life explained by physical-spatial changes and spatial changes with a coefficient of 0.97 had a greater impact on the quality of life of the villagers. The results of spatial analysis using GWR model showed that the coefficient of impact of physical-spatial changes on quality of rural life in eastern villages such as Sharshar, Salarabad, Hossein Abad gazband, Shourak Sabouri reaches its maximum. Overall, 30.84% of the villages and 34.74% of the rural population in the study area are in the range of 0.928 to 0.943, that eleven villages are located in this area. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Assessment of sustainable development in rural settlements of Jiroft county
Mohsen aghayarihir Mohamad Zaheri Hossein Karimzadeh reza talebifard

the present study examines the sustainability of development in rural areas of Jiroft and spatial factors affecting it. In terms of purpose, practical and in terms of nature and method of performance, descriptive-analytical. In order to collect the data, 38 sample villa More

the present study examines the sustainability of development in rural areas of Jiroft and spatial factors affecting it. In terms of purpose, practical and in terms of nature and method of performance, descriptive-analytical. In order to collect the data, 38 sample villages located in Jiroft county were selected. The sample size of the present study consists of two groups of household heads and experts in the field of rural planning. CoCoSo multi-criteria decision making technique and K-cluster analysis have been used to evaluate the sustainability of development in rural settlements and analyze the data obtained from the Household Survey Questionnaire and Friedman test in SPSS software environment was used to analyze the data obtained from the expert questionnaire in relation to the prioritization of spatial factors affecting development sustainability. Villages are ranked and graded according to the value of (Ki) based on CoCoSo technique, It indicates the results of the study of the stability of economic, social, environmental and physical-spatial dimensions of development in the study area, which are in a state of "weak or unstable stability" in the villages of Abbasabad, Darrehroud and Hishinsofla. In contrast, the highest level of stability is related to the villages of Dolatabad Esfahdah, Dolatabad Markazi, Daryacheh, Ferdows, Saghder, Pashtlor and Hosseinabaddehdar. The results of Friedman test indicated that spatial factors such as government investment, rural population, and distance from county center had the most influence on this phenomenon, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Explanation of Physical Resilience of Rural Settlements in Amlesh County Against Landslides
Khalil Mehrzad eisa pourramzan Nasrollah Molaei Hashjin

Introduction: Estimating and improving the resilience of rural areas is also very important in reducing the effects of natural hazards and achieving sustainable development. Landslides are among the natural hazards that threaten rural settlements and local communities. More

Introduction: Estimating and improving the resilience of rural areas is also very important in reducing the effects of natural hazards and achieving sustainable development. Landslides are among the natural hazards that threaten rural settlements and local communities. Therefore, determining the level of resilience of rural settlements in lands prone to landslides can be a suitable way to reduce the effects of this risk in rural areas.Research aim: The aim of the current research is to determine the physical resilience of rural settlements in Amlesh city against landslides. Methodology: In this research, the level of physical resilience of 145 villages of Amlesh city against landslides was determined and classified by the analysis hierarchy method (AHP). For this purpose, 10 criteria were used in the order of importance of slope, distance from fault, building quality, materials and materials, building life, seismicity, geology, direction of slope, width of passages and height.Studied Areas: The geographical territory of this research is the rural areas of Amlesh County.Results: The findings showed that the villages of Amlesh city have very low, low, medium, high and very high resilience, so that out of 145 villages in this district, 2, 23, 66, 52 and 1 villages are between very low and very high resilience spectrum were placed. Therefore, 63.18 percent of the villages in this city have moderate to low resilience and 36.82 percent of the villages have high and very high resilience to the risk of landslides. Therefore, 63.18 percent of the villages in this city have moderate to low resilience and 36.82 percent of the villages have high and very high resilience to the risk of landslides.Conclusion: Examining the level of resilience of villages in the three plains, foothills and mountainous regions proves that medium to low resilience in the villages of the foothills is more than the other two regions and the share of villages with medium resilience in all three regions is higher than the others. Classes are higher resilience. In addition, the villages with very little resilience were located in the foothills and mountainous areas, and the role of altitude in reducing the resilience of villages was revealed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Analysis Location Movements of Population in Rural Settlements (Case Study: Central Destrict of Sardasht Township)
shirko ahmadi morteza tavakoli

The village and villagers in the place of great importance, lack of attention to rural areas, the rural areas and the neglect of human resources and facilities of the rural rich, the main problem in achieving the development of rural. Different geographical areas in gen More

The village and villagers in the place of great importance, lack of attention to rural areas, the rural areas and the neglect of human resources and facilities of the rural rich, the main problem in achieving the development of rural. Different geographical areas in general and rural areas in particular how the changes affected population requires examining several factors. In this context, the detection of interaction effects of population change on rural areas is essential. With regard to the impact on the population structure and evolution of urban and rural settlements, in this study we have tried to analyze Location movements of population in rural Habitations are reviewed and analyzed. This article is an attempt to briefly review the current status of the rural population, the study evolution and its causes and its clarification. The population of the study comprises 169 villages of the central city sardasht of which 32 villages were selected using random sampling as samples. In this study, based on survey research methods, quantitative methods, statistical and scientific models and tools to analyze the demographics of survey questionnaires. The T-test was used to determine the factors involved. The results show that the main cause of migration and population change in the region. That its effect is manifested as a decrease in the evacuation zone causing an imbalance in the distribution of rural areas and scattered rural population as well as to other places. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Roles and Effects of the Development of Second-Home Tourism on the Sociocultural Aspects of Rural Settlements (Case Study:Meershamsodeen Rural District of Tonekabon County)
naser AligholizadehFiroozjaie

This research examines favorable and unfavorable sociocultural outcomes associated with the development of second-home tourism in rural areas. Our study area is Meershamsodeen rural district in the central district of Tonekabon County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. The pap More

This research examines favorable and unfavorable sociocultural outcomes associated with the development of second-home tourism in rural areas. Our study area is Meershamsodeen rural district in the central district of Tonekabon County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. The paper, practical in purpose and descriptive-analytical in method, is based on the survey. Having subjective and objective nature, research data have been collected via questionnaires, interviews and field observations and analyzed with statistical methods such as the one-sample t-test and correlation. In this regard, results obtained from studying the sociocultural consequences of second-home tourism development suggest that it has contributed substantially to good, positive influences including enhanced awareness and improved infrastructural facilities and services. It, furthermore, due to the unscientific, unplanned large scale development of second homes, low consistency between the sociocultural characteristics of the owners of second homes and the hostsociety and inefficient management, has yielded negative results which involve overcrowded villages, increased irregularities in rural areas, widespread adaption of urban lifestyles amongst rural families in the region, increased rates of illegal activities and crimes, marked  difference and contrast between the owners of second homes and the host society, significant changes in the value system and behavior pattern as a result of imitating second-home tourists, considerable difficulties in buying houses and lands, raised conflicts over land ownership, problems with using facilities and services by residents in tourism seasons and reduced access to tourist attractions and recreational facilities. The intensity of the negative consequences above, according to the residents’ perceptions and viewpoints based on the Likert scale, has been varying considerably to a greater extent, giving meaningful implications in relation to the one-sample t-test. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Investigation of infrastructure and superstructure services in Rural-Guide Plan in Amol Township
محمدصادق ابراهیمی امیرمظفر امینی سید حنیف میکاییل

One of the tools that to provide suitable conditions in rural areas is rural guide plans; this plan provides the infrastructure and superstructure services in rural areas. This study investigated the impacts implementation rural guide plan in the county of Amol. Methodo More

One of the tools that to provide suitable conditions in rural areas is rural guide plans; this plan provides the infrastructure and superstructure services in rural areas. This study investigated the impacts implementation rural guide plan in the county of Amol. Methodology of the study is descriptive and analytical and much of the data used are based on field study and questionnaire of sample villages and interviews with executive stakeholders’ rural guide plans. The validity of research tool was obtained by face validity of experts viewpoint and for reliability of questionnaires a pilot test was conducted Cronbach’ Alfa coefficient of higher than 0.7 showed that research tool is reliable. Statistical populations of this research were rural people that master plan has been implemented in this villages of Amol county. The samples populations calculated by Cochrane formula, using simple random sampling 260 samples of villagers was selected for the study. The result of research showed that the viewpoint priority of villagers for impact of rural master plan were: collection surface waters, collection garbage, build housing  with scientific principles, widening main streets, improve the infrastructure services, improve the superstructure services, improve the access to agricultural inputs and markets for agricultural products, improve the village beauty, improve of building pavement street, development the village green space, improve the domestic wastewater disposal and improve the quality of street accessory. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Study the effects of reorganization schemes in the social development of rural space and rural settlements (Case Study of Ardebil)
Elahe Ajoudani Sayed Hassan Hosseini

The planning for the sustainable development of rural areas as a spatial is one of the subjects of physical and environmental socio-economic issues. Countries try to achieve to the goals of development in all physical and environmental socio-economic by mobilizing their More

The planning for the sustainable development of rural areas as a spatial is one of the subjects of physical and environmental socio-economic issues. Countries try to achieve to the goals of development in all physical and environmental socio-economic by mobilizing their capabilities and equipments its. Civil and Rural Development, is a fundamental step that improves the social, economic and cultural village that has certainly all-round development of rural areas, urban areas also can reach to needful impact and we will see all-round development in the community. Two things will happen if this matter be achieved, one is stabilization of  population and another is  reverse migration to the countryside's And in contrary if villages  are behaved unkindly,   the young, educated and capable people will leave the vulnerable and pristine environment of the village and will inhabit in the  fringes in big cities. Organization design space and rural settlements make it possible to have a comprehensive understanding of the region to see first and second causes of any socio-economic characteristics and be explained And the third as a comprehensive program in a ten-years time horizon of rural properties in the region predict and implementation mechanisms in order to achieve sustainable rural development to be traced. This Study is to investigate the role and organization design in the development of rural space and rural settlement in Ardebil. In this study, using cross - sectional and device experts emphasize the attitude of provinces, cities, part of the social dimensions - cultural, economic, functional - the statistical tests to investigate the role of environmental projects in the organization of space and rural settlements Wiki rural development and the need to review the implementation of the proposals made in these projects as well as the reasons for non-implementation proposals The design of the development budget constraints, lack of coordination agencies and organizations involved in rural development and lack of public participation can be named. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - Comparative study of development levels in stable and unstable population villages
مریم قاسمی

Undoubtedly, the most important population problem in rural areas of all developing countries, including Iran, is population evacuation of rural settlements. With the assumption that the level of development depends on the permanence of the population of rural settlemen More

Undoubtedly, the most important population problem in rural areas of all developing countries, including Iran, is population evacuation of rural settlements. With the assumption that the level of development depends on the permanence of the population of rural settlements, the present research investigates the comparative aspects of development between two groups of stable and unstable villages. The research method is descriptive-analytical with a comparative approach. The research tool is 380 household questionnaires in 41 sample villages in Mashhad city. Information was collected by documentary and survey methods. Sampling has been done by stratified method and the questionnaire contains questions that try to quantify the different dimensions of development in two groups of stable and unstable population villages in three dimensions and 62 indicators. Data analysis was done using inferential two-sample t and Yeoman-Whitney tests. The 20-year population balance of Mashhad city (65-85) shows that 74% of the rural settlements of the city with a negative population balance are immigrant-first and only 26% of the settlements with a positive population balance are receptive to immigration. A comparative study shows a higher level of development in the three economic, social and environmental dimensions in the population stable villages with 14.5, 21.4, 11.1 respectively compared to the demographically unstable villages with 13.3, 20.9, 9.1 respectively and in total the degree of development in the villages Stable population with 23.6 is higher than unstable population with 19.5. The results of this research can be used in development planning. Currently, most of the rural areas and settlements of the city are on the margins, this is the necessity of planning in order to reduce spatial imbalances in the rural areas of the city (between stable and unstable population villages) and efforts to improve the level of development in different dimensions in It reflects the low-population villages. most of the rural areas and settlements of the city are on the margins, this is the necessity of planning in order to reduce spatial imbalances in the rural areas of the city (between stable and unstable population villages) most of the rural areas and settlements of the Manuscript profile

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