List of Articles Pasture

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  1 - The Role of Rural Poverty on Sustainable Development (Destroying the Environment: Pasture) Case Study: Poshteab District of the Township of Zabol
  Zahra Sharifinia Rahim Moshiri Afshar Alihosseini
  In the present article the aim is considering the role of economic rural poverty in destruction of environment in the surveyed pastures of poshtab district in zabol township.the research method is applied based on objective. And data collected via library and field meth More

  In the present article the aim is considering the role of economic rural poverty in destruction of environment in the surveyed pastures of poshtab district in zabol township.the research method is applied based on objective. And data collected via library and field method. For this reason the effection of both direct and indirect function of human on environment(pasture)  destruction resulted from rural exploiters' social and economic poverty have been considered. The factors such as : low average of per capita income of rural families ,low pasture's output and non availability of job opportunities are economic poverty factors of rural exploiters; and the low literacy level of rural family and high number of family are social poverty factors of rural exploiters. The results of research show that villager's social and economic poverty cause to environment (pasture) destruction with direct function of human) cutting shrubs to secure fuel, sale and creating pen), and indirect function of human (keeping livestock more than capacity of pasture). Manuscript profile
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  2 - The effect of drought on the developmental process of zone arid and mid dry in rurales with accent on agriculture ( Case study Darab ).
  علی Shakoor
  The recent droughts in country specially in south such as Darab town , have caused a lot of damages and resulted evacutation of many villages.Social and economcal effects and damages on rurales economy are indeed irrecoverable. .Eventhough the drought can affect all kin More

  The recent droughts in country specially in south such as Darab town , have caused a lot of damages and resulted evacutation of many villages.Social and economcal effects and damages on rurales economy are indeed irrecoverable. .Eventhough the drought can affect all kinds of activities, because, of the dependence of villagers economy on resource water and soil , the effect detriment is more visible on rurales. In this paper of effects of drought on natural invironment and people of Darab which have main role in rurales development are studied.For instance, in majority of rurales,because of drought we can see extension poverity and this will slothful incentive of rurales for cooperation in management of precept society.  However their cooperation cause development rurales in this research the main data have been analyzed by 22 equation  and Functions. The results of the research shows that if the government and people  cooperate with together  the effects of drought on rurales Darab which cause slow development process rurales will minimize .   Manuscript profile
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  3 - Comparison of Plant Species Diversity and Evenness in Different Grazing Levels Southeastern Slopes of Sabalan
  Robab Bagherian Kiomars Sefidi Farshad Keivan Behjou Ali Ashraf Soltani Behzad Behtari
  10.22034/jest.2018.23103.3224
  Background and Objective: Assess the diversity of the understanding of ecosystem function; maintain genetic resources, checking environmental changes, and success or failure will help natural resource management programs. Over-grazing and uncontrolled usage of rangeland More

  Background and Objective: Assess the diversity of the understanding of ecosystem function; maintain genetic resources, checking environmental changes, and success or failure will help natural resource management programs. Over-grazing and uncontrolled usage of rangelands are the most common and the most important factor of rangeland degradation which causes a reduction in species diversity. Method: In order to investigate the effect of different grazing intensities on species diversity and uniformity in the rangelands of the southeastern slopes of Sabalan, three habitats with different grazing managements including light, medium and severe grazing were selected and one square meter plots along three 200-meter transects were sampled. In each plot, the list of available species, canopy percentage and number of individuals of each plot were recorded. Simpson, Shannon and Brillon diversity indices and Camargo, Simpson and Smith-Wilson uniformity indices were calculated. Findings: The results showed that the area with medium to light grazing intensity has the highest diversity and uniformity compared to the area with heavy grazing intensity which indicates favorable conditions for the establishment of several species. Discussion and Conclusions: Due to the significant effect of grazing intensity on diversity and richness indices, it is necessary for rangeland managers to control grazing intensity through management methods to maintain the diversity of rangeland ecosystems. Therefore, it is enough to target the management based on moderate grazing and bring the areas with intense grazing to the conditions of moderate grazing so that the good and tasty species gradually replace the woody and poor species. Desirable species and plant species and woody species are poor. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Comparison Ability Between FAO and Iran Ecological Models to Estimate of Capability Ecological land for Using Pasture
  Zeinab Radan Mahmood Shariat Amad Landi Nematolah Jafarzade Nooshin Sanjarani poor
  Background and Objective:  Ecological capability evaluation is for identity to ability potential land for executable usage and expected. Method: Meydavood region is located in Baghmalek town in Khuzestan province and include various features such as: mountain, plai More

  Background and Objective:  Ecological capability evaluation is for identity to ability potential land for executable usage and expected. Method: Meydavood region is located in Baghmalek town in Khuzestan province and include various features such as: mountain, plains, low land, forest land and pastures. The most part of the study area is belong to pastures, and the researching has been trying to potential capability land for using of pasture with using of two models FAO and makhdoom with helping GIS application. Finally potential pastures unit has been recognized based on pastures ecological model in Iran and using searching language in geographical information. Findings: Based on FAO model 5 unit has been recognized suitable for pasture from 8 unit land, and remainder is unsuitable. Based on Makhdoom model 238 unit has been located in third floor and 71 unit has been located in fourth floor of pasture. Discussion and Counclusion:  comparison between 2 models has been shown that environmental units are more in number and lower in area than FAO model; In the other hand FAO model with present using has been shown high proportion. With due attention to shortage of suitable pasture land in Iran, Makhdoom model is not suitable with performance and management plans of country in Meydavood and FAO model is preference. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Allelopathic Effect of Leaf Water Extract of Hoary alyssum (Berteroa incana L.) at Rosette Stage on Seed Germination
  H. Madani M.K. Upadhayaya G. Stopps
  The allelopathic effects of leaves at rosette stage of the hoary alyssum (Berteroa incana L.) against some associated grasses like, prairie June grass (Koeleria macrantha), Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis), blue-bunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata) and cheat gras More

  The allelopathic effects of leaves at rosette stage of the hoary alyssum (Berteroa incana L.) against some associated grasses like, prairie June grass (Koeleria macrantha), Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis), blue-bunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata) and cheat grass (Bromus tectorum) and its own were investigated. The experiment al materials used were the leaf extracts and its allelopathic effects on seed germination and seedling emergence of the abave mentioned grasses in Petri dishes. According to our study, leaves of hoary alyssum rosettes at stage have the potential to reduce germination rate, root and shoot growth of pasture grasses and hoary alyssum itself due to its allelopathic effect. The leaf leachate solution bioassays also showed that the germination of cheat grass was more susceptible to 4% solution of allelopathic extract of leaves. Hoary alyssum leaf extract also exhibited allelopathic self-inhibition, in both seedling root and shoot growth at 2 and 4% concentrations. Self- inhibitory allelopathic effects of hoary alyssum could also be important in preventing seed germination and seedling establishment of neighboring plant. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Indigenous knowledge of using offorest and Pastureland in Rustam Township
  Mansour Vosoughi masoume faridi sani
  In this study Indigenous knowledge of using of forest and Pastureland in Rustam Township has been investigated. Some regions of central part of Rustam were considered and from those regions some villages that were rich in indigenous knowledge were selected. Finally, the More

  In this study Indigenous knowledge of using of forest and Pastureland in Rustam Township has been investigated. Some regions of central part of Rustam were considered and from those regions some villages that were rich in indigenous knowledge were selected. Finally, the sample of the study was chosen using snowball method. In this study, the techniques of participant observation, free observation, semi-structured interviews and documents were used. The results show that, indigenous knowledge is not only opposed to modernization of indigenous knowledge and development but also it can be a criterion for regional development. Also, it can be concluded that, modernization programs in our country that had been appeared as land reform, caused the major changes in the structure of the sample, the division of labor exploitation activists and their stratification. As a result of this, along changing in society and lifestyles in this region, the exploitation of indigenous knowledge has been weakened and at present time this knowledge is deteriorated. Manuscript profile
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  7 - Effect of Dietary and Animal Factors on Milk Fatty Acids Composition of Grazing Dairy Cows: A Review
  A.I. Roca Fernandez A. Gonzalez Rodriguez
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  8 - کیفیت تخم‌ها و صفات جوجه‌درآوری در دو لاین مرغ دو منظوره با رشد آهسته پرورش یافته به ‌طور سنتی یا روی مرتع
  ای. پتکوو م. ایگناتووا ت. پپووا اس. ایوانووا
  کیفیت تخم‌ها و صفات جوجه‌درآوری دو لاین آهسته رشد – La Belle (LB) و Bresse Gauloise (BB) پرورش یافته تحت سیستم ستنی یا جایگزین با دسترسی مرتع مقایسه شدند. پرندگان هر دو لاین در مطالعه در سن 37-27 هفته بودند. آنالیز ANOVA دو مسیره برای ارزیابی اثر سیستم پرورشی و هم More

  کیفیت تخم‌ها و صفات جوجه‌درآوری دو لاین آهسته رشد – La Belle (LB) و Bresse Gauloise (BB) پرورش یافته تحت سیستم ستنی یا جایگزین با دسترسی مرتع مقایسه شدند. پرندگان هر دو لاین در مطالعه در سن 37-27 هفته بودند. آنالیز ANOVA دو مسیره برای ارزیابی اثر سیستم پرورشی و همچنین لاین روی ویژگی‌های کیفی تخم‌ها و صفات جوجه‌درآوری لاین‌های LB و BB استفاده شد. هر دو عامل تا حدی متفاوت صفات مورد بررسی را تحت تأثیر قرار دادند. اثر سیستم پرورشی بسیار قوی‌تر از لاین در ارتباط با کیفیت تخم‌ها بود. پرندگان پرورش یافته روی مرتع وزن تخم (0.001>P) و محتوی زرده، سفیده و پوسته (0.001>P) بیشتری داشتند، اگرچه سیستم جایگزین به طور معنی‌داری رنگ زرده را کاهش داد (0.001>P). اثر لاین از نظر صفات جوجه‌درآوری برجسته‌تر بود، اگرچه اغلب با سیستم پرورش برهمکنش داشت. به ‌طور کلی، باروری تخم‌های لاین BB زمانی‌که پرورش سنتی بود به‌ طور چشمگیری کاهش داشت (0.001>P) ، همان‌طور جوجه‌‌درآوری آنها زمانی‌که به عنوان درصد کل تعداد تخم‌ها بیان می‌شود (0.001>P). از طرف دیگر، جوجه‌درآوری تخم‌های بارور به ‌طور مثبت توسط سیستم جایگزین تحت تأثیر قرار گرفت (0.001>P) و در لاین BB بالاتر بود که نشان دهنده سازگاری بالاتر آنها در مقایسه با لاین LB بود. Manuscript profile
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  9 - Chemical Composition, Ruminal Dry Matter, Crude Protein andCell Wall Degradation Kinetics of Pasture Forages Dominant in the West Provinces of Iran
  P. Shawrang Sadeghi Sadeghi H. Vatankhah
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  10 - اثرات مکمل کردن پوسته دانه چشم بلبلی (Vigna unguiculataa) و کنسانتره نجاری روی بزهای بویر از شیرگرفته شده
  جی.کا. متهتهو م. لتسو اس.اس. رامابو کا. تشیرلتسو
  ترکیب شیمیایی، قابلیت هضم آزمایشگاهی ماده خشک و عملکرد رشدی بزهای بویر از شیر گرفته مکمل شده با پوسته دانه چشم بلبلی و کنسانتره تجاری مطالعه و ارزیابی شد. جیره مبتنی بر علوفه مرتع طبیعی، به عنوان جیره پایه در نظر گرفته شد. بزهای بویر از شیر گرفته شده در یک طرح کاملاً تص More

  ترکیب شیمیایی، قابلیت هضم آزمایشگاهی ماده خشک و عملکرد رشدی بزهای بویر از شیر گرفته مکمل شده با پوسته دانه چشم بلبلی و کنسانتره تجاری مطالعه و ارزیابی شد. جیره مبتنی بر علوفه مرتع طبیعی، به عنوان جیره پایه در نظر گرفته شد. بزهای بویر از شیر گرفته شده در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی به سه تیمار حاوی سه تکرار با 4 حیوان در هر تکرار (2 بزغاله نر و 2 بزغاله ماده) اختصاص یافتند. سن بره­ها بین 12 الی 18 ماه با وزن اولیه 5/17-38 کیلوگرم بود ( میانگین±انحراف معیار، 36/6±32/26). بزغاله­ها در یک دوره 42 روزه ازجیره­های: 1) جیره کنترل (جیره پایه بدون مکمل غذایی)، 2) جیره پایه مکمل شده با کنسانتره تجاری و 3) جیره پایه مکمل شده با پوسته دانه چشم بلبلی تغذیه شدند. هر یک از جیره­های مکمل شده در میزان 300 گرم در روز در 8 صبح قبل از اینکه بزها روی مرتع رهاسازی شوند در داخل آغول در اختیار بزها قرار گرفتند. بزهای گروه کنترل دارای اتلاف وزن به میزان 12/1 کیلوگرم بودند، در حالیکه بزهای تغدیه شده با جیره مکمل شده با کنسانتره تجاری و پوسته دانه چشم بلبلی به ترتیب 74/4 و 58/0 کیلوگرم افزایش وزن داشتند. پوسته دانه چشم بلبلی می‌تواند انرژی و پروتئین کافی به منظور حمایت از تولید در طی دوره خشک سال را تأمین کند. افزایش وزن بدست آمده در طی دوره خشک سال، به آسانی می‌تواند زمانیکه شرایط تغذیه بعد از اولین بارندگی طبیعی می‌شود، سریعاً افزایش داده شود. Manuscript profile
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  11 - مروری بر عوامل‌مرتعی مؤثر بر مصرف ماده‌خشک گاوهای شیری در حال چرا
  آ.ال. روکا فرناندز آ. گنزالو ردریگوئز
  سیستم‌های موفق مرتعی تولید شیر، بر اساس ایجاد توازن بین نیازمندی‌‌‌های خوراکی دام با نوسانات فصلی و سالیانه در تولید مرتع پایه‌گذاری شده‌اند. به‌منظور حداکثر نمودن تولید گاوهای شیری در سیستم‌های چرا، دست‌یابی به استفاده با راندمان از علوفه چرا ‌شده و توسعه سیستم‌های مدی More

  سیستم‌های موفق مرتعی تولید شیر، بر اساس ایجاد توازن بین نیازمندی‌‌‌های خوراکی دام با نوسانات فصلی و سالیانه در تولید مرتع پایه‌گذاری شده‌اند. به‌منظور حداکثر نمودن تولید گاوهای شیری در سیستم‌های چرا، دست‌یابی به استفاده با راندمان از علوفه چرا ‌شده و توسعه سیستم‌های مدیریتی مناسب جهت حداکثر نمودن مصرف روزانه ماده‌ خشک مرتع توسط هر گاو و در هر هکتار، ضمن داشتن یک مرتع با کیفیت بالا در طی فصل ‌رشد از طریق حفظ سطوح بالای پروتئین ‌خام، کربوهیدرات‌های محلول درآب، هضم‌پذیری ماده خشک و سطوح پایین الیاف‌های قابل‌ حل در شوینده خنثی و اسیدی، ضروری است. برای حداکثر نمودن ماده‌ خشک مصرفی از مراتع، لازم است تا گاوها از گیاهانی مصرف نمایند که دارای شاخصه‌های مصرف سریع بوده و منجر به نرخ سریع عبور از شکمبه شوند. در این مرور عوامل ‌مرتعی که روی تنظیم کوتاه‌مدت مصرف ‌خوراک گاوها تأثیر‌گذار بوده و بنابراین نیازمندی‌های خوراکی ‌دام‌های چرا کننده را مشخص می‌کنند، مد نظر قرار گرفته‌اند. گرچه مقدار علوفه‌ مصرفی یک عامل تعیین‌کننده عمده تولید گاوها است، اما برآورد آن هنوز یکی از مشکل‌ترین جنبه‌های کیفی علوفه برای پیش‌بینی می‌باشد. در این مرور به سه روش خروجی مدفوعی / قابلیت ‌هضم جیره‌ای، روش تفاوت مرتع و روش رفتار ‌چرا برای محاسبه مصرف ماده‌ خشک مرتع اشاره شده است. همچنین، سه معادله در بر گیرنده متغییرهای مرتعی و حیوانی برای تخمین میزان مصرف ماده ‌خشک مرتع توصیف می‌شوند. Manuscript profile
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  12 - چالش‌های بالقوه در پرورش طیور ارگانیک در نیجریه: مقاله مروری
  او.اس. اددجی تی.کا. اوگانسینا آ.او. آکین وومی اس.آ. آمن او.او. اوجبییی ج.آ. آکیندالا
  این مقاله مشکلاتی را که ممکن است مانع اجرای پرورش طیور ارگانیک شوند بررسی می‌کند. عوامل مورد بررسی شامل ریسک ابتلا به بیماری‌هایی مانند کوکسیدیوز و نیوکاسل، پیشگیری از بیماری‌ها و کنترل سلامت گله، آلودگی به بیماری‌ها در زمان شیوع، خرید زمین (سیستم مالکیت زمین)، اقتصاد ب More

  این مقاله مشکلاتی را که ممکن است مانع اجرای پرورش طیور ارگانیک شوند بررسی می‌کند. عوامل مورد بررسی شامل ریسک ابتلا به بیماری‌هایی مانند کوکسیدیوز و نیوکاسل، پیشگیری از بیماری‌ها و کنترل سلامت گله، آلودگی به بیماری‌ها در زمان شیوع، خرید زمین (سیستم مالکیت زمین)، اقتصاد بازار و نسبت سود و زیان، مدیریت مرتع، تمایل یا عدم تمایل به تغییر، نبود اقلام اولیه ارگانیک، پرکنی، کمبود اسیدهای ‌آمینه در جیره‌ها، قوانین و مقررات، وابستگی شدید کشاورزان به کود، نسبت پایین افراد دامپزشک به دامداران و ضعف خدمات توسعه دامپروری می‌باشند. Manuscript profile
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  13 - A comparative study of factors affecting the decline of traditional livestock in two areas of Plain and mountainous (Case Study: Rural Alqchyn city functions Choram)
  Hamid Heydari Mokarar Hamidreza Nasimi Mehrdad Rashidfar
  The country's rural and tribal society, a society which is based on its livestock is built in the traditional way. Despite the traditional farming systems play a vital role in the production of milk and meat needed a large part of the country, the unstable conditions fo More

  The country's rural and tribal society, a society which is based on its livestock is built in the traditional way. Despite the traditional farming systems play a vital role in the production of milk and meat needed a large part of the country, the unstable conditions for the survival of their own. The most important factors: the use of natural resources, turning to modern technology industries, higher levels of health and culture and etc, is that has led to this traditional livelihoods, in some rural areas the recession put a long history. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the factors influencing the decline of traditional livestock in the villages of research methods in terms of purpose, applied and descriptive - analytic.The population consisted of households living in rural ranchers Alqchyn is Choram city functions. A sample using Cochran formula consists of 198 farmer households were given. Data on two areas by SPSS software through the use of appropriate statistical tests, were analyzed.The Mann-Whitney test was used at the %95 confidence level, the results show that the dosage of extension-education courses and the cost of medication and veterinarian with the Sig. (2-tailed) = .000 most significant difference between the two areas must be concluded and the measures to protect the environment with the implementation and operations Sig. (2-tailed) = .833 and investment in other pastoral activities with the Sig. (2-tailed) = .567 same situation in the two areas and the most significant difference is achieved. Manuscript profile
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  14 - Barriers of Pastures Insurance Development from Experts' Perspective
  Maryam Omidi Najafabadi Mahsa Rami
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  15 - Investigating the Germination Characteristics of Poterium sanguisorba Seeds under the Influence of Thermal Treatments for Pasture Establishment
  Reyhaneh Azimi Gholam Ali Heshmati Mohammad Kia Kianian Samira Hossein Jafari
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  16 - Quran and Rangelands
  Ardashir Monazami
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  17 - Investigating Vegetation of Mowed and Grazed Areas in Tamdere Village Alpine Pastures in Turkey
  Yavuz Karakuş Metin Deveci
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  18 - The Foraging Ecology of Nguni and Brahman Cattle under Different Management Systems in High-altitude Grasslands of South Africa
  Phumlile Simelane Julie Shapiro Thembs' Alilahlwa A. M. Mahlaba Robert McCleery Duncan MacFadyen Ara Monadjem
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  19 - Nutritional Characteristics of Some Medicinal-Range Plant Species Grazed by Small Ruminants in Torbat-e Jam Region of Iran
  Mohsen Kazemi Elias Ibrahimi Khoram Abadi Reza Tohidi
  10.57647/j.jrs.2023.1304.33
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  20 - Chemical Composition and in vitro Nutrient Digestibility of Sulla aculeolata subsp. aculeolata and Sulla aculeolata subsp. mauritanica from Semi-arid Rangelands of the Mediterranean Area
  Anass Elyemlahi Abdelhay Arakrak Amin Laglaoul Mohammed Ayadi Mohammed Bakkali
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  21 - Selection of Appropriate Estimation Methods of Range Conditions (Case Study: Kabirkooh Rangelands of Zagros, Iran)
  Freidoon Soleimani Parviz Karami Nosrat Safaian
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  22 - Influence of Pasture and Rainfed Agriculture Land Uses on Soil Loss in Dojag-Chay Subwatershed (Ardabil Province- NW Iran)
  R. Talaei A. Jafari Ardakani F. Azimi R. Bayat M. Parehkar
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  23 - Grazing Response of Topsoil Characteristics in Temperate Rangelands of Kashmir, Himalaya
  T. H. Jaweed P. G. Saptarshi S. W. Gaikwad
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  24 - Review some autecological charactristics of Zygophyllum atriplicoides in the North of fars province. (Case study: Ranglands of Abadeh county)
  Reza Farrokhi Hossein Gharedaghi
  This research studied in ranglands of Abadeh county 2015-2016. First model of growth place prepare then its charactristics has been studied such as topography, slope, vector, geology, soil, climate, herbal coating, root system, phenology, jassid, forage quality. Result More

  This research studied in ranglands of Abadeh county 2015-2016. First model of growth place prepare then its charactristics has been studied such as topography, slope, vector, geology, soil, climate, herbal coating, root system, phenology, jassid, forage quality. Result showed that the level of of Zaygophyllum atriplicoides growth place. in Abadeh cunty is 18.9%. This species is more in north, northeast, southeast. Geology studies showed that this species grow in limestone, shale, icy formations. In average canopy coverage percent is 39.1% and density of 6000 in each hectare. The root is kind of spray and has many auxiliary branches. Vegetation growth starts in middle of March. Time of flower appearance is in beginning of April and seeded is in last of April till middle of May. Seeds ripe and offusion start in beginning of June. In case of quality it changed from beginning and end of growth season: Crude protein 27.14 to 16.13%, Acid detergent fiber scale 5.36 to 12.46%, Natural detergent fiber scale 11.57 to 20.46% has been changed. Manuscript profile
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  25 - Study the acclimation of chicory (cichorium intybus L.) ecotypes under water stress in Badjgah region of Shiraz
  M.J. Abbasi M. Jahani Doghozloo H. Pirasteh-Anosheh S.A. Kazemeini M. Taghvaei
  Water deficit is one of the most important limiting factor affecting plant growth and productivity in arid and semi-arid regions in crop plants. In this field research, the effect of four irrigation intervals including 5, 8, 11 and 14 days were examined on growth, yield More

  Water deficit is one of the most important limiting factor affecting plant growth and productivity in arid and semi-arid regions in crop plants. In this field research, the effect of four irrigation intervals including 5, 8, 11 and 14 days were examined on growth, yield and essential oil of four chicory ecotypes including Shiraz White, Shiraz Black, Isfahan White and Isfahan Black. The experiment was carried out as split plot arranged in complete randomized block design at College of Agriculture, Shiraz University (Badjgah) in 2013. The results showed that water stress, due to enhanced irrigation interval, decreased leaf area, leaf dry weight, root dry weight and total plant dry weight. Leaf area and dry weight, root dry weight and total plant dry weight in sever water stress were decreased by 40.3, 46.2, 37.8 and 45.8% compared to no stress conditions, respectively. Besides, increased irrigation intervals from 5 or 8 to 11 and 14 days increased amount of essential oil content in all ecotypes. Increased irrigation interval from 5 to 14 days reduced total dry weight of Shiraz White, Shiraz Black, Isfahan White and Isfahan Black ecotypes by 47.9, 56.1, 22.4 and 53.6%, respectively. Although growth and essential oil of Shiraz White and Shiraz Black ecotypes were greater; however, Isfahan White and Isfahan Black ecotypes had the lower sensitivity to water stress. Therefore, in conditions similar to the study, planting of Shiraz and Isfahan ecotypes under normal irrigation and water deficit conditions, are needed to more attentions, respectively. ont-family:"B Lotus"'>‌اصفهان شد. اگرچه رشد و اسانس اکوتیپ‌های سیاه و سفید شیراز بیشتر بود، ولی اکوتیپ‌های سیاه و سفید اصفهان حساسیت کمتری به تنش آبی نشان دادند. بنابراین، در شرایط اقلیمی مشابه با منطقه باجگاه، اکوتیپ‌های شیراز و اصفهان به ترتیب برای کشت در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب و کم‌آبیاری نیازمند بررسی بیشتر هستند.   Manuscript profile
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  26 - Identification of locust species and determining dominancy in Khodaafarin region, northwest of Iran
  Mansoor Aalipour Shahzad Iranipour Mohammad Hossein Kazemi Ghadir Nouri Ganbalani Mohsen Mofidi-Neyestanak
  During 2010 and 2011, an investigation launched to determine the species combination of locusts and grasshoppers (Insecta: Orthoptera) in one of the most infested area called Ayri-Boujagh within Khodaafarin region, northwest of Iran. To do this, regular insect sampling More

  During 2010 and 2011, an investigation launched to determine the species combination of locusts and grasshoppers (Insecta: Orthoptera) in one of the most infested area called Ayri-Boujagh within Khodaafarin region, northwest of Iran. To do this, regular insect sampling was carried out using a 2×2 m quadrate during spring and summer. Afterwards, the number of each species was counted and recorded separately. The specimens sorted were identified through morphological identification keys in Insect Taxonomy Research Department of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (Tehran, Iran) by the fifth author. As a result, Calliptamus italicus (Linnaeus 1758) was determined as the dominant species. The yielded data can be entered in further IPM decision making for the pastures and adjacent agricultural fields in the region. Manuscript profile
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  27 - Effect of irrigated rice cultivation on some physical and chemical properties of soils in Gonbad-e- Kavus, Iran
  Ali Akbar Hosseini Shahla Mahmoodi Mohammad Hasan Masihabadi
  Soil waterlogging and puddling operations affect many soil parameters which may cause major changes in many soil properties. In order to evaluate the effect of irrigated rice cultivation on some physical and chemical properties of soils in Gonbad-e- Kavus, Iran, six pro More

  Soil waterlogging and puddling operations affect many soil parameters which may cause major changes in many soil properties. In order to evaluate the effect of irrigated rice cultivation on some physical and chemical properties of soils in Gonbad-e- Kavus, Iran, six profiles were dugged in rice cultivation areas, dryland cultivation,  and  pasture.  These  areas  had  identical  conditions  in  terms  of  parent  material,  climate,  and topography. After dissecting the profiles, a number of important parameters affecting soil quality including texture, structure, organic carbon percentage, percentage of neutralized solutes, saturated mud acidity, cation exchange capacity, and electrical conductivity were studied. Results showed that rice cultivation using puddling operation and waterlogging method changed many soil properties. Soil processes were intensified in the surface layer of lands under rice cultivation due to moisture and suitable temperature. It caused an increment in clay and CEC, and lime percentage was increased in deep parts of the soil, which led calcic horizons formation. Microbial activity in irrigated rice cultivation areas decreased pH in surface layer of the soil  by increasing organic matter and carbon dioxide. The electrical conductivity of the surface layer of soils under rice cultivation was also more than that in dry cultivation and pasture, due to more water evaporation and salts remains. Therefore, rice cultivation decreases the performance of the plants which are in rotation with rice by creating limitation for them. Manuscript profile