Indian style

Open Access Article

1 - The Comparative Study of Tropes in thePoems of John Donne and Saeb Tabrizi
Nasser Maleki Majid Farahian Maryam Navidi

Poems in Indian style are worthy of note due to their rich images, as in terms of word concept they are similar to the English metaphysical poems of the 17th century. Such poems have brevity, delicacy, and are predictable by complex concepts. Hence, having a powerful st More

Poems in Indian style are worthy of note due to their rich images, as in terms of word concept they are similar to the English metaphysical poems of the 17th century. Such poems have brevity, delicacy, and are predictable by complex concepts. Hence, having a powerful structure and a recurrent philosophy, they are considered to possess complex stylistic features matched with the mystic secrets of life. This style is the product of the thoughts and feelings of poets with profound scientific and philosophical knowledge; therefore it requires a distinctive audience. The main features of this style are profound philosophical contemplations, vernacularism, an addressing tone through such devices as simile, metaphor, personification, antithesis, and pun, whose manifestations are noticeable in the literary vocations of John Donne and Saeb Tabrizi, that is to say, these two poets hunt the reader’s mind. This article comparatively studies the selected works of John Donne and Saeb Tabrizi for some of the eminent instances of the above stylistic features. Manuscript profile

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2 - Tangible Manifestation of Holy Quran in Saib Tabrizi's Poetries
Mohamad Hojat Jalal Iranmanesh

In the present article some of the Saib Tabrizi's Poetries which contain tangible manifestation of Holy Quran are studied. In order to reach the goal, some poems – which their origins are Holy Quran – of the abovementioned poets have been chosen and then the More

In the present article some of the Saib Tabrizi's Poetries which contain tangible manifestation of Holy Quran are studied. In order to reach the goal, some poems – which their origins are Holy Quran – of the abovementioned poets have been chosen and then the considered Verse has been brought and both are studied separately. Undoubtedly the aim of the authors of the present paper is to show the characteristics of the Quranic poems which are simultaneously nice and make the poems stronger and more powerful. The article finally approves that the study of the mentioned verses and poems shows the effect of Holy Quran on some poets' poetries specially Saib Tabrizi. Manuscript profile

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3 - Poetic Measures in Modern Poetry
Ahmad Zakeri Fatemeh Bafghi Zadeh

KHKJ

KHKJ Manuscript profile

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4 - Study and Analysis of the Reasons for Concept Ambiguity and Nebulosity in Sāeb Tabrizi’s Poetry
Dr. Mohammad Hossein Karami Ali Mazaheri Roudbali

Sāeb Tabrizi, as a representative of a poetic style known as innovative, fresh and contriving, is one of the most prominent gazal composers in Iran, and his poetry is believed to fall in the midst of the two main streams of Indian style: the plainly unadorned style (emp More

Sāeb Tabrizi, as a representative of a poetic style known as innovative, fresh and contriving, is one of the most prominent gazal composers in Iran, and his poetry is believed to fall in the midst of the two main streams of Indian style: the plainly unadorned style (employed by the relatively analphabetic and common poets of the genre) and the quaintly sophisticated one. Late in sixteenth century the Persian versification took a route to an enigmatic intricacy which resulted in ambiguities brought about by language manipulation and semantic deviation. It was an attempt to discover new relations and to create paradoxical images. The typical features that make together his verse ambiguous are different from those belonging to Hafez and Rumi’s versification. Ambiguity in the poems of these two is because of the span of meaning. Moreover, ambiguity in Sāeb’s verse is different from the ambiguity existing in the poems of Anwari and Ḵhāqāni who let in their verses scientific, philosophical, historical and religious comprehension. This article studies those elements – mostly aesthetic ones – which make Sāeb’s verses ambiguous. Sāeb’s intention to invoke certain ambiguity in his poems and his mastery of aesthetic applying of it are among the findings of this article Manuscript profile

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5 - The origins of the images in the poetry of Bidel-e- Dehlavi
Mansore Basirpoor Iraj Mehraki

Poetic images had different manifestations in different literary periods. Poetic images in the poems are products of two basic factors: 1. Society and political, social and cultural conditions governed on it; 2. Poet's thoughts and mentality that play crucial role in cr More

Poetic images had different manifestations in different literary periods. Poetic images in the poems are products of two basic factors: 1. Society and political, social and cultural conditions governed on it; 2. Poet's thoughts and mentality that play crucial role in creating poetic images. Bidel's poetic images are the result of his imagination; he combines his sensory and mental experiences in such a way that the reader is not able to grasp a single and explicit meaning from them. The only device to understand his poems is the reader's knowledge. The present article, based on library resources, deals with the origins and nature of Bidel's poetic images. The results show that the origins of his images are intrinsically different from the images of Persian classical poets, because the origins of the classical poetry are tangible and understandable elements; whereas the origins of Bidel's poetic images are the result of his philosophical-mystical thoughts, uttered in a special language. This language is called 'the language of dream' that causes complexity and ambiguity, and consequently incertainty in the meaning. Manuscript profile

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6 - Analysis of the structure of proverbs made of "Cebu" pottery in Saeb Tabrizi's poems
khatere esmailzadeh Ramin Sadeghinejad Maryam Mohammadzadeh

A proverb is a literary form that pays particular attention to its linguistic structure, much like a riddle. But the purpose of the proverb is not to mask the meaning, but to compact it in a memorable way. All types that condense the wisdom of this world and past experi More

A proverb is a literary form that pays particular attention to its linguistic structure, much like a riddle. But the purpose of the proverb is not to mask the meaning, but to compact it in a memorable way. All types that condense the wisdom of this world and past experience into short headings that can be referred to in the present are proverbs, stories, rulings, and acronyms. One of the main features of Indian style poetry is the use of proverbs. The poets of this style were influenced by the everyday living environment. As the most influential poet of this genre, Saeb Tabrizi, the genius of the audience, led him to make the most of the literary form of proverbs in order to understand ethical, mystical and social issues better and more efficiently. The proverb has great variety and breadth in Saeb's sonnets. Saeb has used every subject and tool for his purpose. Pottery is one of the most accessible tools and means of living of ordinary people in the street and bazaar, which has a high capacity to create the literary form of proverbs. It is not possible to study the proverbs made of all pottery in Saeb's multi-poet divan in one article. Let us show a proverb from Cebu pottery in literary form. Manuscript profile

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7 - Investigating the meta-needs and meta-harms in Saeb Tabrizi's personality based on allegorical verses of the poet's lyric poems based on the theory of humanistic psychologists
behzad pourrezaeyan Seyed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerooni seyed jafar hamidi Ezat Dire

In the present era, the nascent science of psychology has been able to rely on various theories of thinkers in this science, to provide new windows for researchers and critics, including the analysis of the inner worlds of writers of classical and contemporary texts in More

In the present era, the nascent science of psychology has been able to rely on various theories of thinkers in this science, to provide new windows for researchers and critics, including the analysis of the inner worlds of writers of classical and contemporary texts in the field of Persian literature. Is. Accordingly, the main structure of this article is formed with the above approach and pursues two main goals. The first is to discover and identify the needs and meta-harms of Saeb Tabrizi's personality based on humanistic theory and the second is to study Saeb's allegorical approach in expressing these characteristics. In order to achieve these two goals, the words and poems that the poet has dealt with in his lyric poetry due to two important features of the Indian style, namely eloquence and the discovery of new themes, have been used. In this method, 364 lyric poems from The divan has been selected and examined based on Morgan table and using simple random sampling from among 6995 sonnets. Accordingly, after expressing information about allegory, its function and branches, the subject of personality and its meaning are explained, and then 18 cases of paralysis and meta-harm mentioned by Maslow are extracted from Saeb's court and his allegorical approach in expressing this characteristic ‌ Have been reviewed and analyzed. In this research, which has a descriptive-analytical approach, while explaining the limitations and meta-harms of the poet's personality as a self-fulfilling human being, an attempt has been made to answer the basic question of whether Saeb succeeds in using an allegorical approach to express the issues and meta-harms of his personality. have been? Manuscript profile

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8 - Reflection of Didaction Prorerbs in the Saebs Divan
Fereydoun Tahmasbi Hossein Jabarpor

Indian style [Isfahanian] from Persian poem famous styles that how ever at firstgot very. Unkindness but gradually it could proverb   its just    saeb greatest of Iranian poem is this style That from all cultural natural, lingual possibility use More

Indian style [Isfahanian] from Persian poem famous styles that how ever at firstgot very. Unkindness but gradually it could proverb   its just    saeb greatest of Iranian poem is this style That from all cultural natural, lingual possibility use for building poetical combination, Contents and combined them with colour ful intentions until influenced very much in audience this poet that some of their contentas are human and worldly. gradually his audiens educates. one of them is folklore especiaiiy proverbs are that although are short but have much moral words this article wants to study and analysis words. Manuscript profile

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9 - Studying the allegorical aspects and effects of the birds in the complete works of SaibTabrizi
Mohammad Haji Abadi

The systematic study of the place of birds in the allegories in the complete works of Saib, is one of the exact and scientific methods that will make us close to his mental and contemplative world. The current research, aims to study and analyze the aspects of utilizing More

The systematic study of the place of birds in the allegories in the complete works of Saib, is one of the exact and scientific methods that will make us close to his mental and contemplative world. The current research, aims to study and analyze the aspects of utilizing birds in allegories of this popular Persian-language poet; in this query the author tries to show his magic words through analysis of Saib’s complete works as much as possible, the word that using allegory causes the marvel and wonder of so many literature experts. One finding of this research is that Saib expresses his intentions and social and political and instructional contexts in a very novel method and makes a symbol from each bird for mental and spiritual courage that is impressed or touched from his period and in this way developed his word and consolidates it. Manuscript profile

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10 - Position of birds in allegory with attention to saeb tabrizi’s divan
Mandana Alimi Saeid Roozbahani

The present research, has the duty of check and Analysis dimensions of using birds in Allegories of ths famous Persian speaker poet, writer with the search of saeb’s divnan tries to shows his miracle of speech more than ago, aspeech that is with the use of  A More

The present research, has the duty of check and Analysis dimensions of using birds in Allegories of ths famous Persian speaker poet, writer with the search of saeb’s divnan tries to shows his miracle of speech more than ago, aspeech that is with the use of  Allegory causes a lot of miracles from Literature experts and students. Saeb with the use of  crude articles of nature and mixing them with his special  thought and world seeing  created a divan. Method of this article is theoretical and fundamental and with the method of logical reasoning and analisys that is done with the base of librarian studies. Saeb with the use of birds in his allegory described political and social thems very clear and he created a symbol from each bird for Intellectual and spirit honors that is impressed from his period and saeb kan make his spoken grow and strong by this way. Manuscript profile

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11 - The Representation of Parables and Symbols in flowers and plantes, as Depicted in Saeb Tabrizis Poems
M. Alimi S. A. H. Kazerouni

This chirpy poet has proceeded to make use of Aesthetic elements to create mental images and symbols in flowers and plants. The most important literary element in Saeb’s poems is parable, that establishes an equation of metaphorical relationship. Accordingly, a he More

This chirpy poet has proceeded to make use of Aesthetic elements to create mental images and symbols in flowers and plants. The most important literary element in Saeb’s poems is parable, that establishes an equation of metaphorical relationship. Accordingly, a hemistich should be reasonable; other important elements found in Saeb Tabrizi’s poem is, paradox, opacity, parables, and metonym. Ultimately, an attempt is made in this article to show that Saeb in his sonnets has been innovative in expression. He has createed beautiful and new themes establishing relationship between man and nature. Manuscript profile

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12 - Investigating the types of allegory in Masnavi of Kholasat-ol-Haghaiegh tract of Najib-ol-DinReza Tabrizi
Ezzat Norouzi Sedeh Ata Mohammad Radmanesh Mehrdad Chatraei

TMystic poets recognize poetry as a means of expressing doctrinal and moral principles tolovers of the path of truth. Therefore, in order to understand the ambiguous terms ofphilosophy, logic and mysticism, they inevitably used literary industries such as simile,allusio More

TMystic poets recognize poetry as a means of expressing doctrinal and moral principles tolovers of the path of truth. Therefore, in order to understand the ambiguous terms ofphilosophy, logic and mysticism, they inevitably used literary industries such as simile,allusion, metaphor and allegory.Kholasat-ol-Haghaiegh Masnavi, of Najib-ol-Din Reza Tabrizi, It is one of the mystical andeducational works of the Safavid period that the poet has used high frequency allegory tofacilitate the understanding and teaching of religious, moral and mystical principles. Najib-ol-Din Reza is one of the poets of the 11th century, he believes in theDhahabiyadynasty and is a follower of Maulana Jalaluddin Balkhi.Since allegory is a literary element in the Indian style, the authors of this article try to use themethod of analyzing information and library resources to provide a variety of allegories suchas examples, Ersal-ol-masal, allegorical anecdotes and Qur'anic allegories, as well as, and Examine the cryptic anecdotes in this mystical-educational work.Studies show that this system is an allegorical work with mystical themes, which is the mostfrequent type of allegory in this work of allegorical anecdotes and proverbs, which have been used with the aim of educating man and guiding him to perfection. Manuscript profile

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13 - Sahib’s Thematic Creation via Mythical and Mystical Simorgh
saghar salmaninejad mehrabadi

Simorgh is a mythical bird that has spread its wings in the field of Iranian thought, civilization, culture and thought from the distant past until now and has shown itself in various forms. The oldest text containing the myth of Simorgh is Avesta and in the field of Pe More

Simorgh is a mythical bird that has spread its wings in the field of Iranian thought, civilization, culture and thought from the distant past until now and has shown itself in various forms. The oldest text containing the myth of Simorgh is Avesta and in the field of Persian language and literature, Shahnameh is one of the most important occasions for the emergence of Simorgh. In the sixth century, Simorgh also appeared in the field of mystical literature. This mythical bird has emerged in each period with a role and color appropriate to that time. Indian style is a method of creating themes with the ideas of the past and Saeb Tabrizi is one of the greatest poets of this style who has paid much attention to mystical themes during the period of mysticism. In this article, which has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner, we want to study the emergence of mythical-epic Simorgh and mystical Simorgh in Saeb's poetry. Therefore, the question is: considering Saeb's various efforts to oppose and create themes in various fields, how did he use Simorgh to make themes, and in what field and to express what concepts did he use this mythical bird? Research shows that Saeb, in addition to using the story of the mythical Simorgh in Shahnameh, has also used the mystical Simorgh in " Attar's book" and the grandeur and glory of Simorgh is an element taken from both epic and mystical areas that is beautiful in Saeb's poetry has been used. Manuscript profile

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14 - Mystic Thoughts in Mohammad Qahraman’s poem
Habibollah Bakhshudeh Siyavash Moradi Manizheh Zare’ei

Mohammad Qahraman is a contemporary poet and researcher who, in addition to writing all kinds of poetry in Farsi and the local dialect of Torbat Heydarieh, published the divan of several poets of the Indian style, such as Sa’eb Tabrizi, and is one of the most infl More

Mohammad Qahraman is a contemporary poet and researcher who, in addition to writing all kinds of poetry in Farsi and the local dialect of Torbat Heydarieh, published the divan of several poets of the Indian style, such as Sa’eb Tabrizi, and is one of the most influential poets of the last five decades of Khorasan. He wrote most of his poems in the form of traditional ghazal. The hero is a follower of the Indian style and has benefited from this famous style in terms of structure and content. This contemporary poet has paid special attention to mystical concepts and terms in his sonnets. In the present research, which was done in a documentary way, the poet's view of the mystical poetry is based on the mystical traditional texts. The attention of mystical authorities and terms, mention of Tahmidiyeh and beautiful mystical prayers, the composition of eight ‘Sāqi-Nameh’s in the form of sonnets, and the hiring of pub essentials and Wine in the service of mysticism has made the poetry book of his life worth reading. The authors of this research article, while analyzing the content of the mystical sonnets of Mohammad Qahraman, have investigated the content relations of his poetry with mystical texts. Manuscript profile

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15 - Contrast analysis in linguistic components of Divan Salim Tehrani
somayyeh abdollahi nejat Mohammad Reza Zamanahmadi abdolreza modarreszadeh

The examination of the dualities in art and literary works has attracted the attention of contemporary linguists,mythologists,narrators, and semioticians.They believe that from this perspective a better understanding of literary works can be achieved. The Indian style i More

The examination of the dualities in art and literary works has attracted the attention of contemporary linguists,mythologists,narrators, and semioticians.They believe that from this perspective a better understanding of literary works can be achieved. The Indian style is one of the periods that expresses its intellectual, cultural, geographical and religious oppositions more effectively than any other period. Among the poets of Indian style, "Salim Tehrani" is one of the powerful thinkers who has been able to create exquisite and interesting intertwining themes in various fields In this paper, the author examines in a documentary, library manner the dual opposites or reciprocal couples as one of the central elements of his poems. For this purpose, four sonnets were selected from the different positions of his court. In these sonnets, 335 dual contrasts were found, that is, about 3.3 per sonnet.These two dichotomous variants are categorized into three categories: lexical and verbal (70%),semantic and intellectual (81%) and literary (31%)The semantic reciprocal pairs are more frequent in Salim poems.Some of these interconnected couples, such as asceticism,perfectionism, and so on. He has distinguished himself from others and has shown his line of thought and beliefs. The most important reasons for Salim's attention to the dual oppositions of travel and distance from home, the impact of the social environment, the attention to ethical and mystical concepts, and the poet's attention to aesthetic and musical issues.In any case, dual contrasts are one of the stylistic features of saline grains that have semantic and aesthetic function Manuscript profile

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16 - A Comparative Analysis on the Common Literary Devices in the Poems of Fazel Nazari and Saeb Tabrizi
Maryam Soltani amirhosain madani

In Indian style comparative literature, the poems of Saeb Tabrizi and Fazel Nazari are comparable through various approaches. One of the common grounds in the poems of these two poets is the use of common literary devices. The term literary device comes from Russian For More

In Indian style comparative literature, the poems of Saeb Tabrizi and Fazel Nazari are comparable through various approaches. One of the common grounds in the poems of these two poets is the use of common literary devices. The term literary device comes from Russian Formalism. This school considers any literary work to be a combination of literary devices, which is consisted of figures of speech and sound techniques. Because the Indian style uses of many literary devices, this research studies those devices that are the most frequent in the poems of these two poets. Osloob Moadele, Metaphor, Iham, Simile, and Synesthesia are among the devices that are studied in the poems of Saeb Tabrizi and Fazel Nazari for the purpose of finding the frequency and the meaning. The results of this study show that Nazari has been influenced by Saeb in using figures of speech and considering that the thematic field of each poet is different the result of using these common literary devices is unique in their own time and style, even though there are many overlaps in using these literary devices. The method of this research is based on quantitative and qualitative analysis of common literary devices in the poems of these two poets and its goal is to analyze the frequency of these devices in the specified statistical population. Manuscript profile

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17 - study andalysis of allusion in saeb tabrizis poems
mohammadvali mardani roqayeh rezaei hesam ziaee

Saeb tabrizi as a representative of a style that is known for it’s novelty,new style and innovation, is one of the most prominent lyrics poets in Iran,which is located between two main currents of the Indian style: from the end of the tenth century Persian poetry More

Saeb tabrizi as a representative of a style that is known for it’s novelty,new style and innovation, is one of the most prominent lyrics poets in Iran,which is located between two main currents of the Indian style: from the end of the tenth century Persian poetry to an enigmatic difficulty.It turns out of the most poetic themes are the result of linguistic manipulation and aberrations that are achieved through trying to discover new relationship.Hint, like other literary industries, can play a prominent role in arousing emotions and the inductive and imaginative power of speech, provided that it enjoys strong artistic themes. In the Indian style, the use of allusion has a high frequency compared to other literary techniques due to its special style. In the meanwhile, the longing for themes and the hunting of narrow and astonishing themes cause Saeb to use allusions and gestures far more than others. Saeb often uses allusion as a tool to create his themes, regardless of any depth and high human ideas and thoughts, for various subjects, especially the ontological system. Manuscript profile

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18 - Frequency of complaint poems in Iraqi and Indian style
tayebeh alizadeh

ReviewIn Persian literature, the widest semantic horizon is the horizon of lyrical poetry; Poems that express personal feelings and emotions. Lyrical poetry in Persian is presented in the form of lyric, Masnavi, quatrain, couplet and even ode, but the most important for More

ReviewIn Persian literature, the widest semantic horizon is the horizon of lyrical poetry; Poems that express personal feelings and emotions. Lyrical poetry in Persian is presented in the form of lyric, Masnavi, quatrain, couplet and even ode, but the most important format is lyric. There are many types of lyrical literature, and Beth al-Shukwa's poetry is one of them. Shokouyeh's poem is in fact a kind of revelation of inner sufferings and pains that afflicts the poet, although the poet expresses his sorrow in terms of the moods and mourning of the poems and the imprisonment of the poems. And in satires and satires, he shouts his anger and disgust towards the factors of his sorrow, but in the complaints, he complains by introducing these factors. "The importance of complaints is more in recognizing the spirits of their poets, because each complaint, in addition to revealing the unfavorable situation of the poet's life, also gives a clear picture of his ideal society." (Cerami 2008). Since there are many issues that cause human grief as well as complaints and grievances, it is difficult to classify them.However, in terms of content, complaints can be divided into 5 categories: 1- personal 2- philosophical, 3- social, 4- mystical, 5- political. Manuscript profile

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19 - Theme Development in Kalim Kashāni’s Sonnets
Morteza Rashidi zahra hatami mehrdad chatraei

Theme development is a process in which a narrow point, a precise mindset, a subtlety, and a fresh form of meaning are created, which is the most important feature of Persian poetry from the ninth century up to the age of “Indian Style”. Theme is a structura More

Theme development is a process in which a narrow point, a precise mindset, a subtlety, and a fresh form of meaning are created, which is the most important feature of Persian poetry from the ninth century up to the age of “Indian Style”. Theme is a structural category related to the linguistic form and capacities; and the cause of theme development is the poet’s power of association through similarities, proximity and contradictions. Kalim Kashani, an Indian-style theme-developing poet, enjoying a deep and thorough look at the world around him, uses the objects/motifs in a different way; develops new themes in accordance with objectivities, general principles and abstract imagery, and the use of one or more theme-developing techniques, indirectly expressing his pure internal mindsets. In this study, for the purpose of exploring the techniques of theme-development with objects/motifs and studying the poet’s the angle of view, “candle” was studied as one theme-developing element/motif in his sonnets. It was determined that among the various techniques of theme development, the “equation model” was the most frequently used method. This significant frequency may be attributed to the socializing, or “mingling” of poets and common people, which has reinforced the universality and accessibility of Safavid-era poets. Manuscript profile

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20 - Take a look at methods themes in kalim kashani's Ghazals (Sonnet)s
Morteza Rashidi zahra hatami mehrdad chatraie

10.30495/farsij.2022.1945191.1569

Kalim can be considered as the most capable poet to embody precise meanings and illustrate diluted thoughts in a rhetoric format whose sonnets are full of recognition, subtlety, pristine and innovated themes, imagination, colorful meanings and transcendent metaphors.In More

Kalim can be considered as the most capable poet to embody precise meanings and illustrate diluted thoughts in a rhetoric format whose sonnets are full of recognition, subtlety, pristine and innovated themes, imagination, colorful meanings and transcendent metaphors.In this study, the techniques of the themes were studied in Kalim's sonnets. In addition, it was found One of the stylistic and unique methods in Indian style poetry that has created special poetic meanings and contents (strange meaning) is the use of techniques that discover new connections and relations between the concrete and the abstract that there seems to be no connection between them. Moreover, this meticulousness, subtlety, and precision in the detail is a factor that the poet selects even the surrounding objects as one of the thematic elements.that he used various elements for the themes in his sonnets, which played a significant role in the network of images and associations of meaning in his poetry. Since his profound and creative look in one thing or phenomenon was discerning continually the other things that created a new theme through the relation between the expressions of a verse and the( link between them and the triple relation of similarity, proximity, and contradiction via the detailed and partial attitude toward the surrounding objects. Manuscript profile

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21 - Indian style and Nezami’s Panj Ganj
Mohammad Amir Obeidiniya Vahdat Motallebi Rad

The Indian style of Persian poetry originated in the 11th century. Invention of new themes, fancy, brevity, paradox, personification, and most significantly, parallelism are among the characteristics of this style of poetry. Some other literary schools such as Vasukht, More

The Indian style of Persian poetry originated in the 11th century. Invention of new themes, fancy, brevity, paradox, personification, and most significantly, parallelism are among the characteristics of this style of poetry. Some other literary schools such as Vasukht, or shunning the beloved, preceded and coexisted with the Indian style. Since one can find the roots of any style or literary school in the preceding ones, one can find the roots of some characteristics of the Indian style, especially parallelism, and the concept of Vasukht, in some preceding styles, such as the Azerbaijani style or in the work of some celebrated poets like Nezamis. Since from among the characteristics of the Indian style, parallelism has a special place in Nezami’s Panj Ganj, after some preliminary words about Nezami and the Indian style and a review of the concept of Vasukht and the history of parallelism in Persian literature, we show the roots of Indian style features and the concept of Vasukht in Nezami’s Panj Ganj. Manuscript profile

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22 - National and Religious Teachings in Sa'eb Tabrizi's Realm of Imagination
Dr.Roghayeh Alavi

Imagination is one of the most important pillars of the rhetoric system which extends the scope of the poet's imagination and dynamism of the world of poetry. A detailed examination of the image can reveal the scope of the poet's imaginary circle, his/her inner desires More

Imagination is one of the most important pillars of the rhetoric system which extends the scope of the poet's imagination and dynamism of the world of poetry. A detailed examination of the image can reveal the scope of the poet's imaginary circle, his/her inner desires and motivations. Image, also, can be a criterion for determining the artistic value of the poet's work and his innovations in the realm of imagination. The image is one of the most significant stylistic features of Indian style, which is connected to social context more than other styles of Persian poetry. Sa'eb Tabrizi is the most prominent poet of this style, whose book of poems is full of imageries originated from social contexts. He has paid special attention to popular language and culture, and has employed common allusions and expressions of his time in order to shape the imaging in his poetry. National and religious teachings have been strongly reflected in the Sa'eb's book of poems. Innovative and brand new poetic images can be recognized in Sa'eb's poetry and his contemporaries which either cannot be seen or can be spotted scarcely in the poems of his predecessors. Focusing on the folkloric treasure of his society, Saeb is one of the best among all Persian poets in terms of theme creation. Applying content analysis, this paper examines the realm of imagination in Sa'eb's poetry in terms of national and religious teachings that the poet employed in his poetic image structure, Manuscript profile

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23 - Frequency Measurement of Indian Style Characteristics in the Works of Mir Mohammad Momen Astarabadi
Shima Sadat Sharif AlHosseini Kobra Nodehi Vahid Royani

10.30495/rpcl.2023.703166

  As a valuable heritage, Persian manuscripts have made an important contribution to the preservation of Iranian culture and civilization. Mir Mohammad Momin Estrabadi, a sage, architect, poet, and writer of the 10th and 11th centuries AH, has left behind his work More

  As a valuable heritage, Persian manuscripts have made an important contribution to the preservation of Iranian culture and civilization. Mir Mohammad Momin Estrabadi, a sage, architect, poet, and writer of the 10th and 11th centuries AH, has left behind his works including Divan Shaari. This diwan is kept as a single copy in the "Royal Library of Golestan Palace" under number 459, which is registered as a manuscript of "Khayyam's quatrains" due to the similarity of its quatrains with Khayyam's quatrains. Diwan of Mir Mohammad Momen Estrabadi is one of the precious manuscripts that has remained unknown until now, and correcting this manuscript is very important in order to know his character and position and to familiarize himself with his poetic style and thoughts. This research is dedicated to the investigation and analysis of the poetic style of Divan Mir Mohammad Momen Astarabadi with a descriptive-analytical method. The scope and statistical population of the study are the manuscripts of his divan, which has been corrected by the author. His divan consists of quatrains, odes, ghazals, and pieces, of course, most of it is dedicated to quatrains. According to the results, the poetry style of Mir Mohammad Momen Astarabadi is very close to the Indian style, and in terms of content, language and literature, there are many features of the Indian style in his poetry. Manuscript profile

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24 - Introduction and analysis of the newly written manuscript of GHassab Kashani's court
Elham Gholamkelisani Mehrdad ChatraeiAzizabadi morteza rashidi

10.30495/noskheh.2022.703587

Manuscripts are written heritage and represent the scientific, cultural and social identity of nations. Since ancient times and as evidenced by history, Persian-language writers and poets have created many works, whose preservation and revival is the scientific and cult More

Manuscripts are written heritage and represent the scientific, cultural and social identity of nations. Since ancient times and as evidenced by history, Persian-language writers and poets have created many works, whose preservation and revival is the scientific and cultural mission of researchers. Although researchers in the field of Persian language and literature have long paid special attention to the correction of ancient Persian literary texts, some of these texts have not been revived and corrected after centuries. Nevertheless, the copy of Diwan Kasab Kashani has been corrected five times by Parto Beizai, Abbasi, Javaheri, Karmi and Atefi, and the authors are trying to identify the copy and the author with the descriptive-analytical method and with the help of library sources. and examine the stylistic elements and components, express its linguistic features, its literary, religious, mystical and historical value. Also, address the corrections that have been made from this manuscript, and in each correction, briefly mention the motivations of the correctors for reviving Diwan Kasab, the methods of correction, and the additions and appendices in the corrections. review The results of the research show that the manuscript of Noor Osmaniyeh Library has not been used in the previous corrections Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - The Elements of Semantic Ambiguity in the Poetry of Talib Amoli
hossein Hassanpour Alashty

Talib Amoli is one of the most prominent poets who follow a certain kind of style in poetry that falls between two different categories of Indian style. His ambiguous deviations from the norms can be considered as a turning point in the use of imagery in poetry. Since m More

Talib Amoli is one of the most prominent poets who follow a certain kind of style in poetry that falls between two different categories of Indian style. His ambiguous deviations from the norms can be considered as a turning point in the use of imagery in poetry. Since most of the ambiguity seen in the Indian style of poetry is the result of a semantic deviation from the norms for Creating new concepts and meanings. On the contrary, ambiguities created by Poets such as Hafiz and Molana is the result of poetic atmospher and the boundlessness of meaning. The current paper attempts to investigate the technical as well as literary elements that foster such ambiguity in the poetry of Talib Amoli. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - The Indian Style Poets and Their Different View to Myth
Morād Esmāeeli

Myths express the beliefs and values of a people. In the passage of time, they have been manifested in the poems of Iranian people and Persian poem styles. In 10th A.H. century and after establishment of the Safavid dynasty a basic change in Iranian society and all of i More

Myths express the beliefs and values of a people. In the passage of time, they have been manifested in the poems of Iranian people and Persian poem styles. In 10th A.H. century and after establishment of the Safavid dynasty a basic change in Iranian society and all of its art and thought schools took place. In this period, a poetic style, called Indian style, was formed in Persian literature that was entirely different from its older styles and changed the Persian poetry formally and semantically. The method of using of myths by poets is one of these changes. Indian style poets refer to myths as unsacred concepts, myths like Khidr, Water of Life and Christ that have the most frequency in Persian mystical poems. The Indian style poets of the Safavid age pay attention to the earthly world and this-worldly facts. The poems of this age are transformed to this-worldly ones. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Deviation from Norms in Saéb Tabrizi’s Poetry
mohamad hakim azar

    Saeb Tabrizi has dual look at the character of Khidr. Sometimes he is in line with literary tradition and confirms the character of this prophet. And yet at other times while considering himself free from “water of immortality” and “et More

    Saeb Tabrizi has dual look at the character of Khidr. Sometimes he is in line with literary tradition and confirms the character of this prophet. And yet at other times while considering himself free from “water of immortality” and “eternal life”, rejects what Khidr stands for. This view has had profound impact on Islamic mysticism. The present article is to take this dual look in Saéb Tabrizi’s poems into consideration.     Manuscript profile

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28 - Countenance of Lover and Beloved in the Diwan ( book of poetry ) of Naziri Nishaboori
Mohammad Amin Ehsani Estahbanati Ali Asghar Yari Estahbanati

Abstract Description of love and explanation of the spiritual conditions of lover and beloved in the literature has special and widespread manifestation. The high frequency of topics on love and literature and culture of nations proves this matter. In the Persian liter More

Abstract Description of love and explanation of the spiritual conditions of lover and beloved in the literature has special and widespread manifestation. The high frequency of topics on love and literature and culture of nations proves this matter. In the Persian literature, expounding of love, whether in numerous abstract love or in mystical heritage, divine love of man to love God or God's love to human being are of the most exquisite and luminous gems of man's thought. At this time, the Indian style, especially Naziri Nishaboori's poetry because of taking advantage of this style, has notable stance. Naziri's lyrics express his internal conditions of mind and are so exquisite that they appeal any listener even if he/she is tasteless. In this research the love and love circumstances are scanned in brevity. This paper has been written in descriptive – analytic method and the findings show that Naziri Nishaboori had special attention to the matter of love and utilized from Araghy style as a previous tradition. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - The Stylistic Analysis of Katebi Nishabouri's Lyrics
Bahram Bashiri Khatibi Rostam Amani Hamid Reza farzi

Abstract         Katebi Nishabouri, one of the greatest poets of the 9th century, was living in a time when imitation and saying the like were of its distinguished characteristics. Most poets of this period repeated the themes of the More

Abstract         Katebi Nishabouri, one of the greatest poets of the 9th century, was living in a time when imitation and saying the like were of its distinguished characteristics. Most poets of this period repeated the themes of the previous poets with the least creativity. The purpose of this research is to answer these questions whether Katebi Nishabouri followed the way of his contemporary poets and imitated the poets of previous periods or not. What specifications do his odes have on the whole ? In this paper, Katebi's odes have been investigated from three dimensions of lingual, literary and thought in a descriptive-analytic method based on the library studies.. The findings of this study show that Katebi, at least in his odes, didn't have any imitation but had lots of innovations in them. Finding the main points, theme creation, euphemism, the way of equalization and also affliction which are the characteristics of Indian Style, were of his issues of his mind more than the others. Considering all these, it can be judged that Katebi is one of the entrepreneurs of Indian Style. Anyhow, from lingual and literal point of view, one can find traits of Araghi and Khorasani styles in Katebi's odes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Amir khosrow Dehlawi's poetic
Habibollah Abbasi

This essay basically discusses about Amir khosrow's poetic and has a quick review of his poetic airs, such as poetic representation, discription, theme, event telling, poetic quantity, poets specialties, the importance of word and poetry, different poets, narcissism More

This essay basically discusses about Amir khosrow's poetic and has a quick review of his poetic airs, such as poetic representation, discription, theme, event telling, poetic quantity, poets specialties, the importance of word and poetry, different poets, narcissism of the poet for his own poetry and art, his choice of composing poetry in Farsi rather than Arabic, rhetorical Figures and criticism. The Final objective narrows down to two points. First the confirmation the theory that sights Amir khosrow's poetry as the main origin or the mother of Indian style. Secondly, proving that the matter of "Indian parrot" Poetry is consequenced by a kind of dialectic dependency to the tradition and simultaneously running away from it. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - The Study of the stylistic features and motifs in Kalim Kashani’s Ghazaliat
Mahmud Sadegh Zadeh

Kalim Kashani is a creative, balanced, and prolific poet who has tried his hand in all types of poetry but his main reputation is for his lyricism.  Kalim’s Ghazaliat apart from having common features of Indian style, due to its poetic force of creativity, ri More

Kalim Kashani is a creative, balanced, and prolific poet who has tried his hand in all types of poetry but his main reputation is for his lyricism.  Kalim’s Ghazaliat apart from having common features of Indian style, due to its poetic force of creativity, richness of diction and semantics, and lyrical inclinations, it has linguistic, literary features.  The art of Kalim lies in his creation of imagery, content and he uses all the rhetoric possibilities of language in such a simple clear manner that makes his dense imagery far from complexity and ambiguity.  Similies in Ghazaliat Kalim is divided into three parts:  wide, farfetched, and favourite. In his Ghazaliat, Kalim uses mostly perceptual metaphors and sometimes he creates novel imagery out of non poetic subjects.  Although parallelism is the main feature of Saeb’s poetry, but Kalim is known to be the pioneer of this style and it is the characteristic of his poetry. Kalim’s Ghazaliat in terms of mental and spiritual states is expressive of his philosophical and lyrical thoughts.  The frequency of words, and his particular motifs in many cases is representative of his speculative and skeptical philosophical ideas.  The main feature of his Ghazaliat is the application of such motifs which is the core of imagination and it reveals his perspective of life.  In this research, the analysis of his Ghazaliat with reference to previous studies has been made and examples were given. Manuscript profile

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