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Open Access Article
1 - Happiness within Iranian culture and its political consequences
Aliakbar AminiIn ancient Iran culture, happiness was emphasized. The Iranians had found some solutions for removing sadness from their life. For instance, they had established various ceremonies where the young, and, the old, the learned and the unlearned had participated. They might MoreIn ancient Iran culture, happiness was emphasized. The Iranians had found some solutions for removing sadness from their life. For instance, they had established various ceremonies where the young, and, the old, the learned and the unlearned had participated. They might have come through this secret that laughing is a drug for all pains. Although, Islamic Gnosticism has kept some thoughts and customs like the way of living a happy life alive, but sadness has been gradually increased. Krishna Murty, the contemporary Gnostic, says: making people happy is an art which governments should try to achieve. In this article the solutions offers for living a happy life or at least for adapting a balanced state between happiness and sadness are considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The Place of Women in the Gnostic Christian Schools
maryamsadat siahpoosh Leila Hooshangi حجت الله JavaniGnosticism as an important and effective school have been studied frequently. It is mainly due to its influences on several mystical and religious traditions. In this article we study the role of women in Gnostic traditions by considering the mutual relation between rel MoreGnosticism as an important and effective school have been studied frequently. It is mainly due to its influences on several mystical and religious traditions. In this article we study the role of women in Gnostic traditions by considering the mutual relation between religion and society. In the first two centuries A.D., based on the teachings of two Gnostic teachers, i.e. Simon Magus and Valentinus, a particular attitude was taken towards the role of women by the Christian theologists. Thus, the Gnostic worldview and theology spread to explain the position of the female element in the divinity. Moreover, the role of wisdom (often characterized by the name of Sophia), in the process of creation, was emphasized. In a reciprocal way, this theology, based on the female divine personality, affected the activities of women in religious society and the understanding of the scriptures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Hermetic, Platonic and Middle Platonic Origins of Gnosticism
nasrin vakilian Fatemeh Lajevardi Abolghasem EsmaeelpourGnosticism is one of the most important and influential religious- mystical schools of thought in pre- and post- Christian centuries, which considers salvation on the basis of the divine wisdom, containing some of the deepest epistemological and philosophical ideas of t MoreGnosticism is one of the most important and influential religious- mystical schools of thought in pre- and post- Christian centuries, which considers salvation on the basis of the divine wisdom, containing some of the deepest epistemological and philosophical ideas of that period in theology, cosmology, anthropology and eschatology. It refers to a number of ancient schools of thought, which has widely spread in Western Asia as a theological and mysteical discipline, under the influence of Hellenism or Greco-Hellenic, Hermetic, Platonic and Middle Platonic schools, as well as religions such as Judaism, Christianity and Zoroasterianism. Because of the widespread exchange of ideas and concepts, these religions and schools of thought had mutual influences on each other and displayed various common features in their beliefs. This paper examines the essence and origins of Gnostic worldview by assessing the main principles and foundations of the Hermetic, Platonic and Middle Platonic ideologies in various topics such as divinity; existential dualism; fate of the world; man and his relation to God; and descent along with return of the spirit, in order to uncover the similarities and differences of these systems of thought. Manuscript profile -
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4 - Comparative Analysis on Monotheism from Pir-i Herat’s (Khajeh Abdollah Ansari) and Attar Neishabouri’s Points of Views
Leila Mousavi siavash moradi Hossein ArianMonotheism as the central pillar of Islam was profit Mohammad’s mission and vision statements. If monotheism wouldn’t be the front and center, the other pillars of Islam couldn’t be persuaded. Monotheism is the most important doctrine amongst Muslim my MoreMonotheism as the central pillar of Islam was profit Mohammad’s mission and vision statements. If monotheism wouldn’t be the front and center, the other pillars of Islam couldn’t be persuaded. Monotheism is the most important doctrine amongst Muslim mystics as Joneid Baghdadi,Molana referred to it as a prosperous topic in discussions on related subject matters. Each person has a special attitude towards the category of monotheism and puts himself in a way to reach it. Mental silence and thinking in the horizons and souls from the point of view of mystics is one of the best ways to understand monotheism. Khajeh Abdollah Ansari, one of the most well-known Muslim Sufi saints, had monotheism in all his work and publications. Attar Neishabouri also beautifully brought monotheism and pantheism into his magnificent versified literature. Attar Neishabouri (passed away 618 Hejri Ghamari) was a mystic poet who explicitly and gorgeously teased apart the monotheism in detail. This research intends to conduct a comparative analysis on Attar Neishabouri’s and Khajeh Abdollah Ansari’s literature and poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Ascension and return of Jesus From the perspective of myth and Gnosticism
Hoseen Mohammadi Mobarez Asghar Daadbeh Abdol Reza Modarres ZadehJesus has a wonderful life, the mystical and mystical role of Christ in ascending and returning to its origin is one of the ancient patterns of the Holy Mandala. In this essay, ascension and return are explained by the descriptive-analytic method of modeling man's ascet MoreJesus has a wonderful life, the mystical and mystical role of Christ in ascending and returning to its origin is one of the ancient patterns of the Holy Mandala. In this essay, ascension and return are explained by the descriptive-analytic method of modeling man's ascetic life in Christ. Also with a mythical look (circle myth, myth of the perfect man, myth of renaissance, water myth, etc.) and with a mystical insight, it is known that the passing of the darkness of the body in the ascendant, the soul trying to connect itself to the light world, He travels through the fence of darkness and escapes himself step by step with the guidance of a perfect human being and a model of Christ, single, to the Divine Enlightenment and to the certainty that he is the first and last home of the seeker, out of the water of life. Love to drink. This study introduces the mystery of ascension to the attainment of eternity and identifies the place of immortality (love) by following the (old-fashioned) reason that this spiritual journey begins and ends only in the shadow of pain from the same origin. Returns to Return and Return (Source / Destination). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The study of penitence in Attar Neishabouri`s Literature
reza ashrafzade Mozhgan hajatpour birgani -
Open Access Article
7 - Study Of the Fundamentals and Mechanisms Of Metaphor in Mystical Texts
Seyyed Hassan Seyyed Torabi Roghaieh KameliGnosticism ـ knowledge of creator ـ is the most suitable and shortest possible way to access to Right. It is a pervasive, full of charisma and ambiguous phenomenon which in fact cause some states and changes that is questionable in others point of view. The transformati MoreGnosticism ـ knowledge of creator ـ is the most suitable and shortest possible way to access to Right. It is a pervasive, full of charisma and ambiguous phenomenon which in fact cause some states and changes that is questionable in others point of view. The transformation is so effective and consistent that influenced by the mystic language and words and in various aspects is far from public speaking. Of course, this pleasurable alienation, above all, thanks to the use of metaphor. Metaphor can be considered as the most important factors of making ambiguity in mystical texts. It is a term that is not used in its original meaning and naturally can induce multiple deductions into dynamic mind of the reader. But what really works is the metaphor in mystical texts and how the mystics have taken advantage of it in their own words? In this paper, the author tries to review the position this array and how to use it in mystical language and literature and deal with its role in the context of the principles and texts and the application of the rhetorical style in such works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Asiri Lahiji’s Outlook on the Unity Of Existence
Ali Akbar Afrasiyabpour Jalil MohammadiShams-Aldin Mohammad Asiri Lahiji, in whose poetry and verses, he tried to depict Gnostic notions in theoretical and practical terms is one of the Teymurian’s Shi’ite Gnostics (840- 912A.H.). The most fundamental premises, in his discussion, are the presentation of the MoreShams-Aldin Mohammad Asiri Lahiji, in whose poetry and verses, he tried to depict Gnostic notions in theoretical and practical terms is one of the Teymurian’s Shi’ite Gnostics (840- 912A.H.). The most fundamental premises, in his discussion, are the presentation of the “Unity of Existence” theory. Being impressed by Ibn Arabi and Sheikh Mahmood Shabestary, he proposes his ideas aesthetically. The “Unity of Existence” theory is considered as a kind of interpretation of Monotheism whose roots are in Islamic Gnosticism in the 2nd century that is analyzed by Ibn Arabi methodologically with a kind of philosophical interpretation. Asiri Lahiji is also considered as one of the proponents of the“Unity of Existence” theory while contemplating and implying Hafez and Molavi Gnostic concepts as well as Earlier Gnostics. He elaborates on the “Unity of Existence” proceeding to the “Perfect Universal Man.” The unique “God” is the genuine and gracious Absolute Unity, the sole eternal “light”, from whose essence all the other creatures are mere reflections. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Messianic in Nasafi’s viwe
Ali Akbar AfrasiabpourAziz Al Din Nasafi, the great Gnostic of the 7 th century,H; has made an evoalution in the theoretical agnosticism and with Shia attitude puts the discussion on the supervision and perfact man in the center of his Gnostic thoughts.He first begins from the world of essen MoreAziz Al Din Nasafi, the great Gnostic of the 7 th century,H; has made an evoalution in the theoretical agnosticism and with Shia attitude puts the discussion on the supervision and perfact man in the center of his Gnostic thoughts.He first begins from the world of essence, the levels of the spirit and the perfect man in his work. Then he proceades to the supervision role, and considersit as the inner part of the prophecy. He sees the combination of supervision and the perfect man in the last prophet and the Promised Mahdi. Relying on the verses and traditions and using Ebn-e-Arabi and Sa′d Al Din Hamooyeh’s opinions , he sees the end of the supervision in the appearance of the Imam of the time and the twelfth Imam. The cases of disagreement about "The promised" in these gnostics’words can be interpreted based on their common views about supervision which are widespread in their works Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Manifestation Of love in Mowlana Poetry
khodaverdi Abbas-zadeh Haniyeh TaherlouLove and kindness is of life elixer and being excuses. If love wasn’t. Also wasn’t anything. Even person’s unfortunate of love , thay have pereiption of empty own heart and understand that have minimum thing of live. This meaning is in the mystical word view of molana s MoreLove and kindness is of life elixer and being excuses. If love wasn’t. Also wasn’t anything. Even person’s unfortunate of love , thay have pereiption of empty own heart and understand that have minimum thing of live. This meaning is in the mystical word view of molana shining effeets ndeeper and yentler is explain. Ynostics are bilived that origin all of loves is trath holiness and of it that love is flow all of the world. Also ynostics base of man’s natare are puting in love. If this power is captured of him, don’t have life value. Then sufism of reliyion is love. The principle is love, is method that heavy bar of life was liyhted with love power. Love secretory of creation , life spice,learen mysticism, preamble of large works in world, basic of happining and extremity of ynostic mood that with arriving to perfection, destruction in love nature and love unity and is ended to amorousan lover. Love is divining of god that is puted in human nature and mixed with him nature. The man continuosly is being for real worshipped and love. The molana says: Our novel are catting wite her emotion Her love are cultivated in our nature. The molana with cause of love anyuish in heart, gratnally pay behind of perfection to destruction for arriving to real lover. That molana says from it. Is real and perfect love, no tinted love that finally arrive to distain. Love made the man to arrive easily to prospering and perfection and fundamentally god created the man to be love and difference of man with anyeal is this that anyeal is unable of perceive love. And love is speeial for man and is putting in his nature. This ducument is delibration on the love subject in point of view largest gnostic languegge persion and one of the most embosses intelleatual in the world is jalaladdin mohammad balkhy (molana). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Gnostical manifestations of Ghadir Khom speech expressed in poems of Maulana Jalaleddin Mohammad Balkhi
Masrooreh MokhtariAlthough a lot of valuable books and essays have been written about Ghadir speech and the unique man of history, Imam Ali; there are thousands secrets which have not been discovered yet. The words told by Prophet Mohammad in Ghadir speech about the Imam Ali's merits all MoreAlthough a lot of valuable books and essays have been written about Ghadir speech and the unique man of history, Imam Ali; there are thousands secrets which have not been discovered yet. The words told by Prophet Mohammad in Ghadir speech about the Imam Ali's merits allows gnostic poets to use the plenty of gnostic concepts expressed in this speech as a model in their own gnostic issues. Maulana Jalaleddin Mohammad Balkhi is one of prominent poets in this domain who could state belief-related bases of Ghadir through its literal modeling and make a contribution to revive the message of Ghadir. Since this speech is full of Gnosticism and knowledge, this article is an attempt to investigate some important gnostic manifestations (guardianship, ideal human, intuition, unity of guardians' souls) in poems of Maulana. The manifestation of guardianship in Maulana's works is one of thousands attractive manifestations in Ghadir speech. Molavi, as a devotee of Imam Ali, is aware of his virtues and has introduced Imam Ali as divine light, origin of divine guardianship, intuition master, source of goodness, ideal human prototype who has experienced intuitive observations, and pioneer of disciples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Manifestation of Gnosticism in Bousiri Borde
Rouhollah SayyadiNezhad Shahram AmiriUndoubtedly there is a relationship between poem and religion from long ago so that praise of Islam prophet as a manifestation of God is a support for those poets who are Sufi, o clear virtues and perfections of prophet for all the people and also mention some popular t MoreUndoubtedly there is a relationship between poem and religion from long ago so that praise of Islam prophet as a manifestation of God is a support for those poets who are Sufi, o clear virtues and perfections of prophet for all the people and also mention some popular traditions of Sufi. It's clear unsaid that Borde elegy is one of the masterpieces of Arab literature and Sharafod-in- Mohammad Bousiri change it to poem for the aim of resorting to prophet Mohammad in the pride and boasting period of Gnosticism Osmani-Mamlooki era. Findings in this research show that Bousiri is not really a gnostic poet and especially of gnostic poets such as mystically idioms is not so much in his works but it can be said that in effect of his period existing of Sufism in Bousiri Borde is not so surprising. The poet speaks about the important points of mystically such as Mohammadie reality, intercession and praising by using beautiful language of poem and amorous statement, using simple language and also using less mystically idioms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The Gnostic Sama and the Worshipful Circumamambulation and Persian Literature
Maliheh Jafari LangroudiRegarding the word Sama and its acceptance and condemnation in mystical journey and conduct much has been said. The writer has tried to shed light on the importance of the real Sama for everyone by expressing various reasons and literary evidences, introducing it as an MoreRegarding the word Sama and its acceptance and condemnation in mystical journey and conduct much has been said. The writer has tried to shed light on the importance of the real Sama for everyone by expressing various reasons and literary evidences, introducing it as an attractive means toward stimulating and exciting mankind’s psyche for reaching the truth and gaining cognition; the means that due to various reasons has been condemned from the view points of some; nevertheless, a logical relation between gnostic Sama and worshipful circumambulation, because Sama like circumambulation is justifiable as a means or way of doing particular actions, that in the light of appearance have similar manner in common; of course, this justification must be in a way that should not be against the religion of Islam and will open a more attractive way for understanding the truth and perfection of human being as gainst mankind. The aim of writing this paper is to show the spiritual relations of the above two rotations, and the reasons for the agreements and disagreements of the great theoreticians will be presented. Therefore more disciples will be absorbed on the way towards truth and take them away from deviating path. With this viewpoint in mind, mystical Sama is not accounted as a means in the hands of neither a particular group nor a particular sect, but all the truth-seekers can enjoy it, provided that they take a look at its original meaning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Satisfaction in Poems by Ebne Farez and Ebne Arabi
Tahereh Chaldareh Mahbubeh MoonesanEbne Farez and Ebne Arabi had so many talks about the characteristics and qualifications of the human that causes the wayfarer to ascend from earth to heavens and array him with perfection attributes. One of the most important characteristics that lead the wayfarer of G MoreEbne Farez and Ebne Arabi had so many talks about the characteristics and qualifications of the human that causes the wayfarer to ascend from earth to heavens and array him with perfection attributes. One of the most important characteristics that lead the wayfarer of God to the highest rank of the human being is satisfaction of God that results from the knowledge of the worshipper. The gnostic worshipper relies on God and yields towards Him and His wants and always seeks divine satisfaction. Getting to this satisfaction is the result of the worshippers' fear of God so that he gets to a point where God is pleased with him and he is pleased with God in turn. With this in mind that the main purpose of the present research is the investigation of "satisfaction in the poems of Ebne Farez and Ebne Arabi", the ultimate advantage shows that: Ebne Farez and Ebne Arabi enlighten the way to the level of satisfaction for the wayfarer by means of the effective language of poetry and emphasis on love and kindness, worship, fighting and struggling with one's whimsical desires, patience, forbearance and acceptance of difficulties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Analysis of the Impact of Quranic Verses and Traditions on Attaar Neishaboori's Works
Shokouh Assadollahi Jamshid Jalali SheejaniSheykh Farīd ud-Dīn Aṭṭār Neyshabooriwas one of the famous Persian poets and theosophists who lived during the late sixth to the early seventh Hijra centuries. He was among the theosophist poets who were enamored to Quran and Gnosticism. He also had thorough knowledge o MoreSheykh Farīd ud-Dīn Aṭṭār Neyshabooriwas one of the famous Persian poets and theosophists who lived during the late sixth to the early seventh Hijra centuries. He was among the theosophist poets who were enamored to Quran and Gnosticism. He also had thorough knowledge of religious sciences such as interpretation, Haddith or narrations so that all his works were replete with some contexts originated from verses and narrations. Hence, in his poems, being fully gnostic and religious, reflection and manifestation of the God’s discourse (speech) and narrations can abundantly be observed. In contrast with his ancestors, he resorted to a different method to create his poems. Relying on to simple language and common parlance, giving different parables and allegories, giving fables on behalf of ordinary people and animals and excitement of emotions were among the methods he used to create his works. He sometimes used Quranic verses directly and sometimes he partially pointed out to them. Moreover, he gave some trivial changes in such verses and gave an overall meaning of them in his works. Focusing on his works such as Asrarnameh, Mantegholteir, Mosibatnameh, Elahinameh, Mokhtarnameh and his odes and sonnets, in this paper, we are trying to investigate whether his works have directly (or indirectly) been impacted (by other sources and factors). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Investigating Simorgh Characterization in Epic and Gnosticism
Farahnaz Farhadi ali asghar halabiPersian myths, represented in the traditional, epic and gnostic texts for years, serve as the best model for analysis of characters due to their undergoing remarkable changes, their genuineness and their justifying power. “Simorgh” should be considered as th MorePersian myths, represented in the traditional, epic and gnostic texts for years, serve as the best model for analysis of characters due to their undergoing remarkable changes, their genuineness and their justifying power. “Simorgh” should be considered as the most distinguished example that fully reflects Iranian myths due to its sacred, mysterious and multifaceted nature: Contemporary mythologist, Joseph Campbell, believes that phoenix will change into a creature to be so easily followed by human beings. The study at hand focuses on the chronology of changes in personality of phoenix in transition from epic to Gnosticism. Hence, the elements of personality and the words and deeds of the legendary bird was investigated, while contemplating on what is attributed to it or the way it is described. The findings of this research introduce simorgh as a multifaceted personality, which can be called as the “Fertility-Renaissance” hero or Goddess.Keywords: Simorgh, Epic, Gnosticism, Elements of Characterization Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Woman in Sanaei and Moulavi View Points As Unity with Exalted Right (GOD)
فلور Valipour chahardah-cherikThe prospect of pundit Sanaei and Moulana about woman as most high manifestation of unity with Right (God) can be known as sublime of woman position in current culture of the present era. These two Iranian elite poet and gnostic, by attributing the special characteristi MoreThe prospect of pundit Sanaei and Moulana about woman as most high manifestation of unity with Right (God) can be known as sublime of woman position in current culture of the present era. These two Iranian elite poet and gnostic, by attributing the special characteristic to the elite and merited women, defined those greats as model and pattern for all humans and considered the achievement to such a position possible for any human who put him/her-self in this route and path. Sanaei and Moulavi praised the women as mature human being and the intermediate between Right and the creature and discovered many Gnostic secrets by this way. They defined the woman as most high symbol of Divine beauty and love and also most comprehensive manifestation of Divine manes and having the attributes of creativeness and comprehensiveness and stated the whole and highness of Right (God) in the mirror of woman existence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - tThe Position Of Woman In Theosophy Regarding The Ibn-E-Arabi Views
مریم BakhtiyarThe agendum of theosophy, particularly the theoretical Gnosticism is the axiology of the being’s hierarchy and such knowledge discusses the existence hierarchy and the emergence of unity from plurality. In such perspective, the woman is as a creature alongside of MoreThe agendum of theosophy, particularly the theoretical Gnosticism is the axiology of the being’s hierarchy and such knowledge discusses the existence hierarchy and the emergence of unity from plurality. In such perspective, the woman is as a creature alongside of the other creatures (as she exists).Theoretical Gnosticism considers her as human being and as Theophanic manifestation of the “Allah” (God/The Creator) comprehensive name. In this article via glancing to the theosophy overall notion, the position of woman regarding The Ibn-E-Arabi views was reviewed. According to Ibn-E-Arabi and other Gnostic points of view the woman is the macro cosmos, the great world that is called “extensive universe”; one of the greatest existing worlds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The main axes of Gnostic thought
Nasrin Wakilian Fatemeh Lajvardi Abul- alQasim Isma'il purThe Gnostic school is one of the most important religious-mystical schools of the first pre-Christian and later centuries, which has the foundation of the most fundamental epistemological and philosophical ideas of that time in its theological system. Thoughts such as d MoreThe Gnostic school is one of the most important religious-mystical schools of the first pre-Christian and later centuries, which has the foundation of the most fundamental epistemological and philosophical ideas of that time in its theological system. Thoughts such as duality, the descent of the soul, intuitive knowledge, and the theory of salvation. This article tries to explain the general structure of Gnostic thought and how it is formed as an influential school of thought, to the most important principles of this school on topics such as Gnostic knowledge and esoteric consciousness, theology and the secondary perspective of existence, anthropology and dual spiritual origin. And human material, cosmology and material and unstable structure of the world, destiny and the subject of liberation, the salvation of human salvation, as well as the discussion of Gnostic ethics and its practical frameworks and the general views of this school on the basic intellectual and philosophical issues of the time. And be analyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Gnostic Elements in the Mystical System of Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani
Ebrahim Ranjbar Babak SavdagarAccording to the followers of Gnosticism, this school refers to the ideas and methods that are needed to achieve the most certain and supreme kind of knowledge, and consequently, to acquire true happiness and purification of the soul through intuition and illumination. MoreAccording to the followers of Gnosticism, this school refers to the ideas and methods that are needed to achieve the most certain and supreme kind of knowledge, and consequently, to acquire true happiness and purification of the soul through intuition and illumination. The school has been popular among many ethnic groups since ancient times and has influenced Islamic-Iranian mysticism over the centuries. Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani is also influenced by the teachings of Gnosticism. Using the analytical - comparative method, the present article first states the characteristics of the Gnostic school and then compare them with the views of Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani. The purpose is to explain and illustrate the common points of Gnostic beliefs and his mystical principles. The common points are as follows: belief in the duality of light-darkness, trust in intuitive knowledge instead of acquired knowledge, believing that the being is a mystery, belief in esotericism, emphasis on self-knowledge to achieve true knowledge, belief in the originality of the spiritual world as opposed to the physical world and finally belief in Homo Deus or “perfect man”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - A classification method for anecdotes concerning “Extraordinary Deaths” (In Prose Mystic Manuscripts until the end of the 6th century Hegira)
Iraj ShahbaziOut of the wide variety of Mystic Tales, ones associated with death is the main concern in this article. Death of saints like the other parts of their lives is in a veil of mystery. Since to date, no serious attempt is made to classify such stories, hence i MoreOut of the wide variety of Mystic Tales, ones associated with death is the main concern in this article. Death of saints like the other parts of their lives is in a veil of mystery. Since to date, no serious attempt is made to classify such stories, hence in this article a precise and comprehensive method is suggested which classifies more than twenty eight kinds of such “incredible deaths”. For each story, full information about plot, content, saints, mystic figures, Performers of Miraculous Acts, moral points and the corresponding sources of tales is neatly presented thereby a large volume of information becomes readily available. For this purpose the method of Arneh-Thompson has been used. The research data is drawn upon thirteen prose mystic manuscripts covering the anecdotes till the end of the sixth century. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Similarity of Gnostics and Manichaean mythology with Najmoddin Razi’s Mirsad al-Ibad
Siamak NaderiMirsa al-Ibad is a mystical work and is regarded as one of the major prose works in the Persian Literature and its like is almost rare among Sufi works. According to Razi during the first and second writing of this work he has been wondering for thirty years in As MoreMirsa al-Ibad is a mystical work and is regarded as one of the major prose works in the Persian Literature and its like is almost rare among Sufi works. According to Razi during the first and second writing of this work he has been wondering for thirty years in Asia Minor, Egypt, and Rome where according to historians and scholars were the cradle of Gnostic and Manichaean thoughts and mythology therefore it is not surprising that Razi was acquainted with their mythology in this environment as he repeatedly refers to his acquaintance with the following sects such as Isma’ilis, Ebahieh, Molahedeh, and Tanasokhieh. Therefore, according to the evidence found in Mirsa al-Ibad this article is concerned with pointing out similarity in frameworks of some stories of Mirsad al-Ibad with Gnostic and Manichaean mythology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Criticism and Analysis of the concept of spiritual silence from Attar’s perspective
Shahin Ghasemi Mehdi MahooziThe endpoint of Gnosticism is the unity with the ultimate existence and comprehension of presence. To taste such spiritual presence, scholars have enumerated certain abstinences including silence. Not only in stages of suluk (the way) in which silence has a more p MoreThe endpoint of Gnosticism is the unity with the ultimate existence and comprehension of presence. To taste such spiritual presence, scholars have enumerated certain abstinences including silence. Not only in stages of suluk (the way) in which silence has a more pedagogical role in store, but also in vesal (attainment) the wayfarer obliges himself to immerse into a silence which is the outcome of sufi contemplation in mystical experiences. This obligation often finds meaning in connection with the eternal beloved as the silence emanating from the bewilderment in the presence of the divine glory and beauty and sometimes is expressed in connection with the people as in hiding the secrets. Attar Nayshabouri has clearly described the stages of the suluk upon contemplation of the essentials of suluk and in his compositions has repeatedly dealt with the origin and the role of silence in the spiritual journey. Regarding the keen interest of Moulana in Attar’s pioneering works in spiritual matters and also the connection and the manifestation of the unique spiritual thoughts in the compositions of these two visionary mystics, the analysis of the “principle of silence” from Attar’s perspective seems essential. The present article seeks to study and analyze the reasons for silence, and enquire the role of silence from attar’s point of view in order to give an overview of this concept in the sufi tradition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The inner unity of religions in Mowlana’s thoughts
Akbar GhorbaniIslamic Gnostic tradition whose principles and teachings are well portrayed in the works of Moslem mystics is central to our cultural heritage and religious identity. Revision of such works in order to discover its potentialities at a time when globalization and d MoreIslamic Gnostic tradition whose principles and teachings are well portrayed in the works of Moslem mystics is central to our cultural heritage and religious identity. Revision of such works in order to discover its potentialities at a time when globalization and dialogue among civilization are of prime importance, is a commitment laid on the shoulder of great scholars. In this article Mowlana’s thoughts are revised to find the footprints of a new theory in the field of comparative religious studies, that is inner unity of religions which is based on the separation of religious law, and the mystic path encountered often in his works. Insisting upon the main principle of ‘unity of existence’ he regards the inner contents of religions far superior to their outward surface. The unifying thought of Mowlana in this regard is expressed sometimes based on the multiplicity of forms and unity of essence, and sometimes is based upon the unity of truth and difference in views. Manuscript profile
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