Candida albicans

Open Access Article

1 - Evaluation of antifungal activity of topical Rosmarinus efficinalis essential oil on infected cutaneous wound with Candida albicans in rats: Histopathological study
Nejati, H., Farahpour, M.R.*, Neiriz Naghadehi, M. .

Today, due to side effects and development of drug resistance to Azol drugs and its derivatives,which used for treatment of Candida infections in either topical or oral forms, led to the use ofbiological materials. One of medicinal herb have been used more frequently, t More

Today, due to side effects and development of drug resistance to Azol drugs and its derivatives,which used for treatment of Candida infections in either topical or oral forms, led to the use ofbiological materials. One of medicinal herb have been used more frequently, the past to thepresent, is Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). In this study on 45 male Wistar-albino rats(weight 210±10 g), after general anesthesia, and a wound square with dimensions 1/5 in the 1/5cm area between the shoulder, immediately was applied to the wound 0.1 ml of the suspensioncontaining 1/5×107 CFU Candida albicans yeast. Then tested in three groups of 15 rats each(control, topical ointment containing 1.5% and 3% Rosmarinus officinalis oil) were randomlydistributed into 5 subgroups of 3 rats each (sample groups on different days) groups. End ofdays 4th, 8th, 12th, 16th and 20th from wounds of different groups, in order to histopathology andyeast counts by a special punch biopsy specimen. Investigation showed that the use of topical1.5 and 3 percent of Rosmarinus essential oil compared with the control group cause thedecreased substantially in infection rates and increased volume production of collagen and islined. According to the finding results, wound healing is better at 3% Rosmarinus officinalisessential oil ointment treated group, compared to lower treatment dose and control groups. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Histopathological evaluation of the effect of Mentha piperita essential oil on cutaneous wound healing in rats infected with C. albicans
N. Farhangi Ghaleh Joughi, M.R. Farahpour, M. Neiriz Naghadeh,

Wound infections caused by Candida albicans has grown substantially in recent years.Expensive medications, side effects, and particularly, the development of drug resistance, led tothe use of biological materials may be considered as an alternative solution. Studies sho More

Wound infections caused by Candida albicans has grown substantially in recent years.Expensive medications, side effects, and particularly, the development of drug resistance, led tothe use of biological materials may be considered as an alternative solution. Studies show thatMentha piperita essential oil contains flavonoids and menthol and hence it has antibacterialproperties. We used 100 male Wistar rats (weight 195-205 g). One square surgical wound withdimensions of 1.5×1.5 cm were performed on the back of each animal and immediately becameinfected whit 0.1 ml of 1.5×107 CFU Candida albicans suspension. Then the rats were dividedinto 4 groups (control, placebo, treatments 1.5% and 3%) each with 25 rats and randomlydistributed into 5 subgroups each whit 5 rats (sample groups on different days). Wound healingactivity was performed by histological studies and yeast counts at the end of 4th, 8th, 12th, 16thand 20th days after surgery. According to the pathological findings, Mentha piperita essential oiltopically, significantly reduces inflammation and migration of leukocytes, and also significantlyincrease in vascular regeneration, epithelialization and migration of fibroblasts, comparedcontrol group. Mentha piperita essential oil, especially in higher doses (3%), increasedpathological factors affecting wound healing in rats was infected with Candida albicans. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of peel of Punica granatum L. on growth of Candida albicans in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
M. Sadeghpour, M. Eidi, F. Noorbakhsh,

Nowadays, especially opportunistic fungi such as Candida albicans are the most common riskfactors in patients who are immunocompromised. Fungal infections caused by Candida speciesand increasing strains resistant to azole drugs in Immunosuppression patients are importan More

Nowadays, especially opportunistic fungi such as Candida albicans are the most common riskfactors in patients who are immunocompromised. Fungal infections caused by Candida speciesand increasing strains resistant to azole drugs in Immunosuppression patients are important toenjoy. The toxicity of drugs used, the resistance of the fungus and problems from druginteractions, necessitates the use of more effective and less toxic drugs cause the screw.Pomegranate consumption except for nutrition is impressive for medicinal and therapeuticeffects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pomegranate peel extract at dosesconcentrations of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg on growth of C. albicans (ATCC 10231) inalloxan-induced diabetic rat. The animals were made diabetic by intraperitoneal injection ofalloxan (150 mg/kg). After diabetes induction, they were infected by Candida albicans, orally.Then, treatments of extract and Itraconazole were done orally. Sampling of fungus from month,culturing and colony counting were done daily for evaluating effects of extract and Itraconazoleon fungal growth. The results showed that oral treatment of hydro-alcoholic peel extractimproved Candida albicans infections in diabetic rats. Its potency is similar to Itraconazole, assynthetic drug. On the second day of treatment, significant effect of extract on growth C.albicans was shown (P<0.001). Comparison between effects of pomegranate extract andItraconazole on C. albicans was significant. The results suggest antifungal effect extract ofpomegranate compared with the antifungal medication. As a result, consumption ofpomegranate extract inhibited the growth of Candida albicans in the diabetic rats. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Evaluation of antifungal effect of Lactobacillus plantarum and inhibitory effect on the production of germ tube in isolates of Candida albicans
Sohrabi Haghdoost, N., Zahraei Salehi, T., Sharifzadeh, A., khosravi, A. .

Candida albicans is opportunistic yeast that may cause infection in predisposed individuals such as users of broad spectrum antibiotics. Increasing reports of candida strains resistance to common antifungal agents, has become a health concern. It is now clear that lacti More

Candida albicans is opportunistic yeast that may cause infection in predisposed individuals such as users of broad spectrum antibiotics. Increasing reports of candida strains resistance to common antifungal agents, has become a health concern. It is now clear that lactic acid bacteria can produce antimicrobial compounds with the ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this study was evaluation of antifungal effect of Lactobacillus plantarum and inhibitory effect on the production of germ tube in isolates of Candida albicans. In this study antifungal effect of acidic and neutral supernatant of L. plantarum were evaluated using agar dilution method. All isolates obtained from mycology research center of veterinary medicine of Tehran university. The effect of supernatant (acidic and neutral) on production of germ tube in Candida albicans fluconazole resistance isolates from oral, vaginal and nail lesion with a control (no treatment) were determined in broth medium after 1, 2 and 3 h of incubation. The average of germination of Candida albicans isolates nails, vagina and mouth treated with acidic supernatants were 3.48±0.87, 0 and 0 respectively. The germination of Candida albicans isolates treated with acidic supernatants significantly was reduced, compared with the control group (no treatment). Antifungal activity of acidic supernatant of L. plantarum against Candida albicans is very significant compared to neutral supernatant. Therefore, the use of L. plantarum is recommended for the prevention and treatment of infections caused by Candida albicans. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Evaluation of antifungal effects of garlic essential oil (Alliumsstadium) in ‎Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis in vitro
maryam mirabadi hamid azadegam ghomi mojtaba didehdar

Objective: pathogenic Candida species widely distributed in human and animal hosts. 88% of fungal infections and the fourth cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections among all causes of infection. Garlic contains sulfur compounds and fructose are. Sulfur compounds call More

Objective: pathogenic Candida species widely distributed in human and animal hosts. 88% of fungal infections and the fourth cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections among all causes of infection. Garlic contains sulfur compounds and fructose are. Sulfur compounds called amino acids and these compounds in garlic of sulfide and non-sulfide are divided into two main groups. Materials and Methods: In this study, standard on the environment Dextrose Agar (Merck) and CHROMagar Candida were cultured. Essential oil extracted in a sterile container with lid (according to flee phase) and were stored at 4 ° C for laboratory analysis. To do this extraction method hydro distillation using Clevenger apparatus was used. The inhibition zone measuring the diameter of one-way ANOVA test and ANOVA were calculated at different concentrations of garlic oil. Results:. In the disc diffusion method, a concentration of 250 μg showed that candida albicans are more sensitive. There was a significant difference in the concentration of 1000 μg Candida glabrata in comparison with the Candida tropicalis. The results of MIC showed that Candida albicans (MIC = 0.4) had the lowest MIC and therefore the most sensitive fungi to garlic essential oil. Conclusion: It is well accepted that the pathogen Candida oral candidiasis, Candida albicans and C. glabrata infections, so this control with candidiasis diagnosis and early prevention is of particular importance. For proper treatment, to determine the level of Candida species and genetic analysis to assess clinical isolates of Candida and prevention, especially in hospitalized patients seems necessary. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Compare resistance and antifngal effects of Fluconazole, Itraconazole , Ketoconazole and nystatin on ( Candida albicans) isolated from Vulvovaginitis in Qom in 1395
Ameneh basem hamid Mohammad Dakhili Mohammad Ali Ghasem Zadeh

Background & Objectives: Candidial vulvovaginitis is a female genital system infection that occurs due to the overgrowth of Candida species, especially with Candida albicans. The long administration of the current antifungal drugs may cause resistance. it is essenti More

Background & Objectives: Candidial vulvovaginitis is a female genital system infection that occurs due to the overgrowth of Candida species, especially with Candida albicans. The long administration of the current antifungal drugs may cause resistance. it is essential to understand the efficacy pattern of therapeutic agents against the isolated Candida species from vaginitis. The aim of this research was the investigation of the antifungal drug resistance pattern in Candida species isolated from vaginitis against azole current drugs. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study that was performed on100 vaginit specimens. All specimens were examined under direct microscopy and culturing. Furthermore, complimentary tests such as culture on candida chrom agar, corn meal agar, germ tube test, susceptibility to cycloheximide and sugar assimilation test were performed to differentiate the Candida albicanse from each other. The effect of the current fluconazole, itraconazole , nystatin, ketoconazole disk diffusion method was also tested. Data were analyzed by SPSS using independent Chi-square. Results: Out of 100 vaginit specimens 35 cases were diagnosed were Candida albicans. Diameter of average of inhabitation zone were in Ketoconazole 21.80±5.85 mm, Iitraconazole 18.42 ± 5.20 mm, Nystatin 15.97 ± 2.28 mm and Fluconazole 6.82 ±12.02 mm. CONCLUSION: Our results showed 35% specimens were diagnosed with isolated agents Candida albicans. that the most effective drugs against Candida albicans was Iitraconazole. Hospital wards fungi was resistant to Fluconazole and sensitive to Ketoconazole. Introduce Ketoconazole of can be useful in treatment of chronic vaginal candidiasis. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Antifungal effect of ganoderma mushroom extract on Candida albicans isolated from pulmonary specimen
sanaz rostami nejad Mohammad Dakhili Seyed Ali Rezaei

Introduction & Objective: Candida infection is caused by overgrowth of Candida species, especially albicans, in immunocompromised individuals. This infection may be resistant to the treatment and sometimes become chronic, as well as sometimes the patients will retur More

Introduction & Objective: Candida infection is caused by overgrowth of Candida species, especially albicans, in immunocompromised individuals. This infection may be resistant to the treatment and sometimes become chronic, as well as sometimes the patients will return to the infection after treatment. Pulmonary aspergillosis is also one of the most important causes of fungal infections in humans and animals and leads to pulmonary infection in immunocompromised individuals. With increasing drug resistance, an attempt to provide antifungal or antimicrobial drugs is needed. The increasing use of medicinal plants in medical treatment, this branch of complementary medicine, has a special place in the treatment of diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of Ganodermalocydom fungus extract on the growth of Candida albicans isolated from pulmonary infections in laboratory conditions and compare them with the standard strain. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the antifungal effects of the extract on Candida albicans were evaluated based on CLSI standards. Results: The extract had a good effect on Candida albicans inhibition.. Conclusion: Ganoderma fungus extract showed antifungal effects on Candida albicans. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Studying the Antifungal effect of Hydroalcoholic extracts of three species of Medicinal plants from the growing areas of Meshgin Shahr against Clinical isolates of Candida Albicans.
Hojjat Eghbal Mehdi Ahmadi Sabegh Neda Jahani Yousef Jahani Jelodar

Method: dual mixture of Pune-Peppermint extract, Pune-Sourberry, Sour-Peppermint and Triple Blend of Hydroalcoholic extract of Pune, Peppermint and Sorghum used. The extracts were diluted with propylene glycol and in addition to pure extracts, concentrations of 10, 20, More

Method: dual mixture of Pune-Peppermint extract, Pune-Sourberry, Sour-Peppermint and Triple Blend of Hydroalcoholic extract of Pune, Peppermint and Sorghum used. The extracts were diluted with propylene glycol and in addition to pure extracts, concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg / ml of extract were prepared. To study the effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of Pune, Mint and Sour and Dual Blend Triticale extracts of these three plants were used to grow Albicans candidate by antibiotic and MIC methodsResults: The results of this study showed that the triple mixture of Puneh, Mint and Savange extracts with a concentration of 50 mg / ml with a diameter of 32.2 mm had the highest diameter of the inhibition zone and the hydroalcoholic extract Peppermint at a concentration of 10 mg per milliliter with a diameter of 7 mm halo assigns the lowest diameter of the non-growth zone of Candida albicans. Also, the triple mixture of Puneh, Mint and Souri showed relatively similar results to fluconazole antibiotics.Conclusion: The results of the minimum inhibitory concentration showed that the lowest inhibitory concentration was related to the antibiotic fluconazole and the triple mixture of hydroalcoholic extract of Punea, Mint and Sardinia, and the lowest was the hydroalcoholic extract of Mint herb. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Effects of Lordegan Thyme endophytes on Shigella sonnei and Candida albicans
somayeh shahrokh shahraki mohammad khodadadi Azam mokhtari

10.30495/jfh.2023.1978116.1389

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of thyme endophytes belonging to the Lordegan region on Shigella sonnei and Candida albicans.  Thyme components were immersed in 70% ethanol (2 minutes), 3.5% sodium hypochlorite (5 minutes), and 75% ethanol (30 More

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of thyme endophytes belonging to the Lordegan region on Shigella sonnei and Candida albicans.  Thyme components were immersed in 70% ethanol (2 minutes), 3.5% sodium hypochlorite (5 minutes), and 75% ethanol (30 seconds), respectively, and lastly washed with sterile distilled water. Subsequently, they were cultured on YEA and PA medium, and the endophytes were isolated. A total of 8 bacterial endophytes were taken from different parts of the Lordegan thyme plant (stem, leaves, and roots) and examined. The endophytes isolated from thyme were bacilli, coccobacilli, and cocci. Antimicrobial and inhibitory properties of endophytes isolated from Lordegan thyme were studied in two methods: structural factors and secretory metabolites of endophytes. The results of this study showed the beneficial effects of thyme endophytes on Shigella sonnei and Candida albicans. Bacterial endophytes isolated from thyme (roots stems and leaves) showed stronger inhibitory effects than the study of secretory metabolites against S. sonnei and C. albicans. In general, thyme could be a good alternative to chemical drugs in the treatment of Candida infections, especially cutaneous mucosal candidiasis, and shigellosis, and can be used in therapeutic cases, food, health, and pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Antimicrobial effect of chitosan silver copper nanocomposite on Candida albicans in immunosuppressive rats
Mohsen Ashrafi Mansour Bayat Seyed Pejman Mortazavi Seyed Jamal Hashemi Amir Meimandipour

10.30495/jvcp.2022.1894484.1260

Candida albicans is a common yeast in opportunistic fungal diseases world wide, which is frequently colonized on the surface of the skin and mucous membrane. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of all nanocomposite copper-silver-chitosan on the mentioned More

Candida albicans is a common yeast in opportunistic fungal diseases world wide, which is frequently colonized on the surface of the skin and mucous membrane. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of all nanocomposite copper-silver-chitosan on the mentioned yeast. To synthesis of the nanocomposite, first the chitosan was dissolved in water using ultrasonic device, the binding of chitosan and glutaraldehyde was determined by FT-IR technique and the size and morphology of the synthesized nanocomposite were determined by SEM microscopy. In the animal study section, 43 male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 gin 5 groups of 7 were examined. The immune system of mice was weakened by 30 mg/kg cyclophosphamide injection through peritoneal injection and was given candidiasis by oral inoculation of candida suspension. After treatment with the nanocomposite and nystatin, it was found that the number of inflammatory cells in other groups was higher than the group treated with nystatin. Also, the number of cells in nanocomposite coper- silver- chitosan- treated group was much lower than in the other group of mice with weakened immune system and untreated candidiasis. The findings of the present study showed that the therapeutic effect of the nanocomposite against candidiasis was relatively high and had a positive effect on reducing inflammation. Although the anti-yeast effect of copper and chitosan nanoparticles have not been proven separately, but based on the current results, it was found that their combination has a slight synergistic effect and to some extent, slightly effective in their antifungal properties. Manuscript profile

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11 - مطالعه اثر مقایسه ای عصاره اکالیپتوس بر روی کاندیدا آلبیکنس و باکتری های بیمارگر انسانی
زهرا دهباشی فروغ فرقانی سید کاظم صباغ سعیده سعیدی

10.18869/JHD.2017.93

 مقدمه و هدف: در طی سالیان اخیر، بیماریهای عفونی ناشی از قارچهای فرصت طلب مانند Candida albicans و افزایش مقاومت باکتریهای بیماریای انسانی به آنتی بیوتیک های رایج منجر به بروز مشکلات زیادی در ارتباط با درمان این بیماری ها شده است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی اثرات ضد More

 مقدمه و هدف: در طی سالیان اخیر، بیماریهای عفونی ناشی از قارچهای فرصت طلب مانند Candida albicans و افزایش مقاومت باکتریهای بیماریای انسانی به آنتی بیوتیک های رایج منجر به بروز مشکلات زیادی در ارتباط با درمان این بیماری ها شده است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی اثرات ضد قارچی و باکتریایی عصاره گیاه اکالیپتوس بر علیه جدایه های Candida albicans جدا شده از نمونه های کلینیکی و تعدادی از جدایه های استاندارد از باکتری های بیماری زای  انسانی بود. روش تحقیق: عصاره اکایپتوس با استفاده از از دستگاه روتاری و روش خیساندن تهیه  گردید. تعداد 30 جدایه از Candida albicans از بیماران مراجعه کننده به متخصص زنان و زایمان جدا شده و پس از خالص سازی به وسیله کلید های معتبر شناسایی شدند. در نهایت تعداد 30 جدایه برای بررسی اثر بازدارندگی رشد عصاره مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. حداقل غلظت کشندگی و حداقل غلظت بازدارندگی عصاره اکالیپتوس علیه 5 سویه استاندارد باکتریایی شامل  Staphylococcus aureu, Shigella dysenteriae, Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio cholera and Bacillus cereusبا روش موردارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث: نتایج ما نشان داد که در مقایسه با سویه های باکتریایی، جدایه های قرچی حساسیت بیشتری را نسبت به عصاره اکالیپتوس دارا می باشد. بیشترین و کمترین اثر کشندگی عصاره به ترتیب برای غلظت های 12.5 و 3.1 پی پی ام و علیه  S. aureus و B. cereusثبت گردید. ماندد اثر کشندگی، بیشترین اثر بازدارندگی (20 پی پی ام) و کمترین اثر بازدارندگی (5پی پی ام) علیه  S. aureus و B. cereusثبت گردید. حداقل غلظت کشندگی عصاره برای جلوگیری از رشد قارچی در غلظت 50 پی پی ام ثبت در حالی که بیشترین غلظت برای اثر بازدارندگی 150 پی پی ام ثبت گردید. توصیه های کاربردی/ صنعتی: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که غلظت بالای اکالیپتوس قادر به بازدارندگی رشد قارچ Candida albicansمی باشد و در نتیجه مطالعات بیشتری در جهت آنالیز ترکیبات موثر در عصاره این گیاه می تواند  انجام شود.  Manuscript profile

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12 - Comparison of the effect of watery and alcoholic Celery ( Apium graveolens) extraction on the growth of Aspergillus flavus,Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans : in vitro
robab ebrahimibarough seyed jamal hashemi roshanak daei Sadegh Khodavisi peghah ardi shima parsay

Nowadays, a large number of antifungal drugs are produced in the world, but the main issue of drug resistance to these treatments is BASHDV, therefore, new findings or materials that have antifungal effect have always been considered for researchers in different fields. More

Nowadays, a large number of antifungal drugs are produced in the world, but the main issue of drug resistance to these treatments is BASHDV, therefore, new findings or materials that have antifungal effect have always been considered for researchers in different fields.Therefore, this study the antifungal effects of celery extract on the yeast fungi of Candida albicans, Dermatophyte (Trichophyton rubrum) and sproblons (Aspergillus flavus) have been investigated in laboratory conditions. In this experimental study, watey and alcoholic extracts of celery were prepared by maceration method.Antifungal activity of alcoholic and watery extract of the celery plant was evaluated using application diffusion in disk and well diffusion for 3 types of Aspergillus flavus, Trichophyton, and Candida albicans with three replications. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MFC) by Microdilishin method were determined. The results were analyzed using one-way anova. The results showed that the alcoholic extract of the celery plant in comparison with the watery extract has a more inhibitory effect on the laboratory conditions. As a result, the alcoholic extract of the celery plant has a greater antifungal effect. Manuscript profile

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13 - Comparison of Antifungal Effects of Aquatic and Alcoholic Extract of Mentha pulegium L.With Fluconazole on Growth of Candida Albicans
Tohid Piri Gharaghie Sheida Beiranvand Samea Hajimohammadi

10.30495/jdb.2021.681603

Introduction:In this study, the antifungal effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts and peppermint essential oil on the growth of Candida albicans with fluconazole was investigated.Materials and working methods:. Candida albicans fungal samples were isolated by performi More

Introduction:In this study, the antifungal effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts and peppermint essential oil on the growth of Candida albicans with fluconazole was investigated.Materials and working methods:. Candida albicans fungal samples were isolated by performing microscopic, biochemical and glucose uptake tests by API20C kit.The standard strain of ATCC14053 candidate was used to evaluate the quality control of the work. Comparison of antifungal effect of peppermint extracts with peppermint essential oil with fluconazole was performed on these isolates by disk diffusion and microdilution methods.findings:The highest relative frequency of yeast isolated from Candida albicans samples was 35% in biochemical detection method and 38% of total samples in PCR-RFLP method. The mean diameter of non-growth halos was 1 mm for aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Peppermint, 23.4 mm for Peppermint essential oil and 26.16 mm for fluconazole.The standard deviation of peppermint alcoholic extract in MFC test was 3.55; While for fluconazole it was 3.68. Given that statistically the smaller the standard deviation, the better the performance; Therefore, peppermint alcoholic extract had a better performance than fluconazole. These results indicate better performance and significant difference between peppermint alcoholic extract compared to fluconazole (P ≤ 0.05).Conclusion:According to the results, the alcoholic extract of peppermint can be used as a suitable drug candidate with better antifungal performance than fluconazole in the pharmaceutical industry. Manuscript profile

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14 - Assessment of antifungal activity of Rosemary oil extract and its effect on AFL1 gene expression in Aspergillus flavus by Real-Time PCR
Mojtaba Mohammadi Seyyed Jamal Hashemi Sasan Rezaei Mansour Bayat

Background & Objectives: Rosemary is a very important medicinal herb which its effect on toxin-causing and pathogenic fungi is not studied very well. This study was aimed to investigate the antifungal effect of the extract of Rosemary extract on various fungal group More

Background & Objectives: Rosemary is a very important medicinal herb which its effect on toxin-causing and pathogenic fungi is not studied very well. This study was aimed to investigate the antifungal effect of the extract of Rosemary extract on various fungal groups including Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans, Epidermophyton floccussom, Trichophyton verrucosum and its effect on AFL1 gene expression in A. flavus using real-time PCR method. Achieving an effective herbal medicine can be significant due to the limited amount of antifungal drugs and the prevalence of antifungal drug resistance.   Materials & Methods: First of all A. flavus and C. albicans were cultured on sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) media and T. verrucosum and E. floccosum were cultured on Mycocell agar media with 0.5 McFarland turbidity standard. Antifungal property of the rosemary extract was investigated using disk diffusion test. Then, the effective Rosemary extract concentration was evaluated using 10 standard tubes and sabouraud dextrose broth. Finally, the effect of Rosemary extract on AFL1 gene expression was examined.   Results: Our results indicated that Rosemary extract has an inhibitory effect on various types of fungi so that the mean diameter of the inhibition zone was measured as about 16 to 18 mm. The effective MCI for C. albicans was observed as approximately 4 to 6 mg / L, for A. flavus as 3 to 5 mg /L and for E. floccosum and T. verrucosum as 4 to 6 mg /L. RT-PCR analysis confirmed the inhibitory effect of Rosemary extracts on aflatoxin- producing  AFL1 gene expression at the molecular level, very well.   Conclusion: The extract of Rosemary can have a considerable inhibitory effect on fungal growth,  AFL1 gene expression and aflatoxin production in A. flavus.   Manuscript profile

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15 - Relative quantitation of hyphae-specific gene HWP1 expression in inhibition of Candida albicans biofilm
Alireza Khodavandi Fahimeh Alizadeh Mozhdeh Shahinipor

Background & Objectives: The incidence of candidiasis has been increased in immune compromised patients. Biofilm formation is counted as the main mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Candida albicans. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects extraction More

Background & Objectives: The incidence of candidiasis has been increased in immune compromised patients. Biofilm formation is counted as the main mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Candida albicans. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects extractions of Lamiaceae family in quantification of HWP1 gene expression responsible for inhibition of biofilm formation in C. albicans. Materials & Methods: In this cross- sectional study, the antifungal effect of aqueous and ethanolic extractions of leaf, stem and root of Mentha spicata, Mentha pulegium and Thymus vulgar, commercially purchased from Yasooj, was analyzed against C. albicans using disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The crystal violet colorimetric method, morphological response and expression pattern of hypha-specific gene HWP1were carried out to investigate the biofilm-inhibitory properties of the best plant extract tested. Results: The data indicated that aqueous root extracts of Thymus vulgaris exhibits high antifungal activity against C. albicans. The aqueous extract of Thymus vulgaris root-treated cells exhibited significant reduction in biofilm growth. In addition, morphological observation of extract of Thymus vulgaris and fluconazole-treated cells confirmed decreases in fungal reproduction. Finally, aqueous root extractions of Thymus vulgaris was shown to down-regulate the expression of HWP1. Conclusion: The results of this study showed the possible molecular mechanism of effects of aqueous root extraction of Thymus vulgaris root in C. albicans on biofilm formation. Manuscript profile

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16 - Investigation of mutations in hotspot regions of ERG11 gene in fluconazole-resistant isolates of Candida albicans in the west of Mazandaran
Masoumeh Majdi Zeinab Khazaei Koohpar Ayatallah Nasrolahi Omran

Background & Objectives: Nowadays, widespread use of fluconazole has resulted in resistance in Candida albicans strains. The conformational changes of Erg11p due to mutations in the ERG11 gene is one of the mechanisms resulting in azole resistance. The aim of our st More

Background & Objectives: Nowadays, widespread use of fluconazole has resulted in resistance in Candida albicans strains. The conformational changes of Erg11p due to mutations in the ERG11 gene is one of the mechanisms resulting in azole resistance. The aim of our study was to investigate ERG11 gene mutations in fluconazole-resistant isolates of C. albicans in the west of Mazandaran province.Materials & Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, clinical specimens were obtained from vaginal mucosa of 120 women in hospitals of the west of Mazandaran province. C. albicans isolates were identified by standard methods such as germ tubes and CHROMEagar medium culture. The fluconazole resistance and susceptibility of the isolates were evaluated by Kirby Bauer and broth micro-dilution methods. Then, ERG11 gene mutations in resistant isolates were determined by PCR-sequencing method as compared with PTCC5027 (ATCC10231) reference strain.Results: Out of 45 C. albicans isolates, 40 isolates were resistant and 5 isolates were susceptible to fluconazole. The MIC of fluconazole was determined as ≥ 64 µg/ml. PCR-sequencing analysis revealed that 18 fluconazole-resistant isolates have six missense mutations (Y257H, E266D, V404I, D421N, V488I, and D504V) in the ERG11 gene.Conclusion: The identified mutations in this study may play role in developing fluconazole resistance in C. albicans isolates in the west of Mazandaran province by decreasing fluconazole affinity to ERG11p. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Investigation of antifungal effect of nanoparticle-encapsulated curcumin on CDR1 gene expression in fluconazole-resistant isolates of Candida albicans
Hadiseh Golpour Najmeh Ranji Seyedeh Hajar Sharami

Background & Objectives: Curcumin as a natural phenolic compound derived from Curcuma longa plant has shown an antifungal property. Candida albicans is the most common opportunistic fungal pathogen. Continuous deployment of antifungals against this pathogen has led More

Background & Objectives: Curcumin as a natural phenolic compound derived from Curcuma longa plant has shown an antifungal property. Candida albicans is the most common opportunistic fungal pathogen. Continuous deployment of antifungals against this pathogen has led to the emergence and increasing of the multi-drug resistance. In this study, the effect of nanoparticle-encapsulated curcumin on CDR1 gene expression was evaluated in fluconazole-resistant isolates of C. albicans.   Materials & Methods: In this study, 6 fluconazole-resistant isolates of C. albicans were treated just by fluconazole (1/2MIC) as the control sample and in the combination with nanoparticle-encapsulated curcumin as the test sample. After 24h, two cell groups were cultured in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar to estimate cell death percentage. Following RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, CDR1 gene expression was investigated quantitatively by real-time PCR method in both curcumin-treated and untreated cells.   Results: Our findings showed that the combination of fluconazole (1/2MIC) and nanoparticle-encapsulated curcumin treatment reduces the fungal growth by 50% after 24 h. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that nanoparticle-encapsulated curcumin decreases the expression level of CDR1.   Conclusion: Our findings suggested that curcumin can inhibit fungal growth through different mechanisms such as decreasing the number of ABC efflux pumps at the cell surface and synergically increases the antifungal effect of fluconazole in resistant isolates of C. albicans. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Mechanism of action of an antifungal batercin produced by a marine Bacillus sp. Sh10
fatemeh shayesteh Gires Usup

10.30495/jmw.2022.1926868.1964

Background and objective: bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by different bacteria and can be applied as a therapeutic agent. The aim of this study was to investigate the mode of action of broad-spectrum bacteriocin produced by a marine Bacillus, strain Sh More

Background and objective: bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by different bacteria and can be applied as a therapeutic agent. The aim of this study was to investigate the mode of action of broad-spectrum bacteriocin produced by a marine Bacillus, strain Sh10, on Candida      albicans ATCC 10231. Materials and Methods: Cell viability assay, determination of UV-absorbing materials, K+,       inorganic phosphate, ATP, and LIVE/DEAD cell viability assay as  well as scanned and         transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate the mode of action of bacteriocin. Results: The addition of 1 × MIC of bacteriocin to a cell suspension of C. albicans decreased the number of viable cells by about 4 log units over a period of 10 hours. It displayed a fungicidal mode of action with a massive leakage of K+ ions, inorganic phosphates, ATP, and                    UV-absorbance materials, leading to cell lysis. In addition, the permeability of C. albicans treated cells to propidium iodide was observed. The electron microscopic observations of treated cells indicated several modifications in cell morphology such as wrinkled surface, discontinuous and ruptured cell wall with concomitant lysis.  Conclusion: The data obtained in the current study demonstrated that the present bacteriocin       interacted with the cytoplasmic membrane of C. albicans cells, resulting in pore formation,         resulting in the efflux of interacellular materials that exhibit a fungicidal effect.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Chemical composition, phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the Satureja khuzestanica Bunge. essential oil in southern Iran
ramin babadaeye samani reza shirali ardalan alizadeh

The genus Satureja belongs to the family of lamiaceae, this genus contains about 235 species which 16 species of this genus exist in Iran of which 9 species are endemic. The experiment was carried out to evaluate the essential oil composition, phenolic compounds, antiox More

The genus Satureja belongs to the family of lamiaceae, this genus contains about 235 species which 16 species of this genus exist in Iran of which 9 species are endemic. The experiment was carried out to evaluate the essential oil composition, phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil of Satureja khuzestanica. Aerial parts of S.khuzestanica were collected from the natural habitat of the plant in Khuzestan province and dried and powdered. Essential oil was obtained by hydro distillation using Clevenger for 3 hr and dried by sodium solphat anhydrous. The weight percentage of essential oil was 3.18%. Essential oil components were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). 43 compounds were identified in the S. khuzestanica essential oil comprised 99.96% of total. Major compounds were: carvacrol (77.21%), γ-Terpinene (6.43%), α-Farnesene (2.30%), and p-Cymene (2.24%). Phenolic compounds were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and antioxidant activity was performed DPPH method. The results showed that the phenolic compounds of S.khuzestanica 25.52±1.35 mg Gallic acid per gram of dry matter and amount of antioxidant activity of the plant was 8.12±0.22 µg per ml. Antimicrobial activities were tested against Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans by disc diffusion method according to a factorial test, based on Randomized Complet Design with three replications. The results showed that the essential oil of the plant has high antimicrobial effect against micro-organisms were investigated and inhibitory effect on C. albicans was greater than Escherichia coli.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Antibacterial effect of Curcumin encapsulated in polymersome nanoparticles on the expression of efflux pump MDR1 gene in fluconazole resistant isolates of Candida albicans
ُSahar Pourasgar Aida Bejari Mahkameh Hedayatsafa Mahdi Shahriarinour Najmeh Ranji

Curcumin, a natural product of turmeric, is known for its antibacterial and antifungal properties. Candida albicans is a major fungal pathogen with high mortality rate, particularly in immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of curcumin encap More

Curcumin, a natural product of turmeric, is known for its antibacterial and antifungal properties. Candida albicans is a major fungal pathogen with high mortality rate, particularly in immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of curcumin encapsulated in nanoparticles (polymersomes) in combination with fluconazole on the expression of the MDRI gene in drug-resistant isolates of C. albicans. This descriptive cross-sectional study involved obtaining 50 clinical samples, from women with vulvovaginal infections at Al-Zahra hospital (Rasht, Iran). After identifying the strains, resistance to fluconazole was assessed using disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. Six fluconazole-resistant isolates of C. albicans were treated with ½ MIC fluconazole (control) alone and in combination with curcumin encapsulated in nanoparticles. After 24 hours, the two cell groups were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) to estimate the cell death rate. The expression of the MDR1 gene was quantitatively investigated using the qRT-PCR method in treated and untreated isolates. Our finding indicated that combined therapy with ½ MIC fluconazole and curcumin encapsulated in nanoparticles (at a concentration of 400µg/ml) reduced fungal growth by up to 50% within during 24 hours. In treated cells, qRT-PCR analysis revealed a decrease in MDR1 gene expression compared to untreated cells. Curcumin appears to enhance the effectiveness of fluconazole in fluconazole-resistant isolates by reducing MDR1 gene expression. Manuscript profile

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