Analytical Hierarchy Process (

Open Access Article

1 - Semantic Factors: Students’ Sense of Belonging to Outdoor School Spaces
Bahar Mohammadian Abdul-Hamid Ghanbaran Ali Sharghi

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Open Access Article

2 - Recognizing and Ranking Consumers' Purchasing Criteria for Mid-Range Priced Passenger Cars in Tehran, Using Fuzzy AHP
M. A. Abdolvand S. Fereidounfar

Understanding consumers’ needs and purchasing process, is the basis for successful marketing. Recognizing how consumers pass through problem recognition, information gathering, the evaluation of different alternatives purchase decision-making and po More

Understanding consumers’ needs and purchasing process, is the basis for successful marketing. Recognizing how consumers pass through problem recognition, information gathering, the evaluation of different alternatives purchase decision-making and post-purchase behavior are all guidelines for meeting customers needs. On the other hand, knowing the people who are participants in the purchase process and the factors that influence their buying behavior helps marketers offer effective programs for supplying goods and services to the target market. This research has been done to identify the factors that influence the behavior of customers who purchase Iranian passenger cars in order to supply a product which increases their satisfaction increases car companies, market share and the effectiveness of advertisements related to such products. Here, a technique has been presented for ranking purchasing criteria of passenger cars valued at 100-150 million Rials in Tehran, under a fuzzy setting. A methodology is offered based on the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process. This model includes eight main criteria which are Exterior, Interior, Convenience, Performance, Safety and Security, Economic Aspects, Sales and delivery services and After-sales services, their related sub-criteria and ten additional alternatives (Verna Hyundai, Gol, Peugeot 405 Glx, Peugeot 206 SD, Peugeot 206 V20, Peugeot 206 V8, Samand, Samand LX, Peugeot Pars & Kia Rio). The results showed that Safety and security, Performance, Exterior and Convenience are the most important factors for consumers when passenger car models in the 100 to150 million Rials cost range respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Prioritizing Brand Equity Methods from Customers’ Perspective for Finance Industry
S. Yousefi Darestani A. A. Najafi M. Setak

Brand equity assessment serves as an important measurement of strategic value for internal use as well as for a number of external stakeholders. While there are a number of methods and models available for brand equity assessment, it is still uncertain which approach is More

Brand equity assessment serves as an important measurement of strategic value for internal use as well as for a number of external stakeholders. While there are a number of methods and models available for brand equity assessment, it is still uncertain which approach is best. Yet, almost no research exists that has empirically prioritized the existing brand equity methods from the perspective of different stakeholders. In this paper a model is developed for prioritizing brand equity methodologies from the viewpoint of customers as a stakeholder of brand equity. The criteria of this process are the expectations of customers including quality, reputation, and benefit according to Jones brand equity stakeholder model. The priority of these criteria sets via a structured questionnaire filled by customers. Then the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) incorporates to prioritize brand equity methodologies versus these criteria. The empirical findings of this study indicate that the more a method evaluates the benefit, the more it is relevant for measuring brand equity. Among brand equity methods evaluated in this study, Keller’s customer-based brand equity model gained the highest weight regarding taking benefit into consideration and was selected as the best method to evaluate brands from the customers’ perspective in finance industry. This study set out to prioritize the brand valuation pool to help practitioners and academics in assessing the alternative techniques and selecting the most relevant one for customers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Evaluation and Complete Ranking of Islamic Azad University Unit Golestan Province with DEA Approach and a New Way of OEP / AHP+
Sima Madadi Masoume Yazdanpanah Maryaki Mohammad Reza Moazami Goudarzi

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Open Access Article

5 - Potential assessment of suitable lands for walnut cultivation in Tehran province using fuzzy AHP method
Masoud Soleimani Saeid Hamzeh Ramin Papi

As a highly productive product, walnut plays an important role in the social and economic condition of farmers in various regions across Iran, and there has been a dramatic increase in the area under cultivation of this product in recent years due to its economic return More

As a highly productive product, walnut plays an important role in the social and economic condition of farmers in various regions across Iran, and there has been a dramatic increase in the area under cultivation of this product in recent years due to its economic return. Walnut trees are highly sensitive to the climate conditions. Therefore, before Cultivation of this product, which requires a relatively high initial investment, it is necessary to take certain measures to identify and assess suitable lands for planting walnut trees. Therefore, this study aims to identify and assess suitable lands for planting walnut in the entire of Tehran province that would result in a desirable production efficiency. For this purpose, this study uses climatic parameters (including temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, and wind speed) from 12 synoptic stations within Tehran Province and 8 stations from adjacent provinces for an 11-year statistical period (from 2004 to 2014), topography, and land use for site selection and zoning of suitable regions for cultivation of Persian walnut. First, raster data layers were generated using all the parameters under study. Then, through a review of literature and expert views on physiological properties and growth requirements of walnut, the desirable and undesirable thresholds for its cultivation were determined. Next, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and a researcher-made questionnaire were used to calculate the effectiveness and priority of each parameter. Furthermore, a fuzzy membership function was used to normalize the data layers. Finally, the final zoning map was prepared and extracted using fuzzy overlay tools in ArcGIS. According to this map, an area of 243882.9562 hectares, equal to 17.82% of the entire area of Tehran Province proved very suitable for cultivation of Persian walnut. Moreover, the findings indicate that the three parameters of temperature, relative humidity, and aspect have a special significance and effect on the growth of walnut trees.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Recreational Zone Classification of Hassan Abad Forest Park Using Multi-Criteria Analysis and Model Makhdoom
Parvin Dashti Iraj Hassanzad Navroodi مهرداد خان محمدی Jahedeh Tekiekhah

10.22034/jest.2018.22606.3166

Background and Objective: Recreation use assessment is considered as an important tool for sustainable tourism development and also ecotourism management development causes local economic growth and biodiversity conservation&lrm;.The main objective of this study is to i More

Background and Objective: Recreation use assessment is considered as an important tool for sustainable tourism development and also ecotourism management development causes local economic growth and biodiversity conservation&lrm;.The main objective of this study is to identify and prioritize the potential ecotourism site in Hassanabad forest park. Method: Analysis system Makhdoom and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) combined with Geographic Information System (GIS) was used. In AHP method after identification effective factors on recreational potential, a matrix is formed and factors were compared by the experts in the form of questionnaire. Next factors were weighed and ranked the regions for recreational potential. In Makhdoom method after identifying ecological sources, the data were collected and analyzed to ecological homogenous units. Finally the map of final resorting capacity was provided by comparing ecological traits of each unit with Makhdoom tourism ecological model. Eventually maps obtained by the two methods in GIS were overlapped. Findings: Results of AHP model showed that the total area of the park (434/6 ha) has recreational potential of medium to high class. This area has no zone with very low recreational potential. In makhdoom method, this area includes all of recreational classes except concentrated recreational potential zone of first class.   Discussion and Conclusion: In both methods, the recreational potential classes have 50% overlapping. Since after applying two methods, the park has no inappropriate zones for tourism, this area is suitable for the development of ecotourism plans. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Application of Analytical Hierarchy process (AHP) for environmental and technical assessment of using industrial and construction debris in road pavement layers
Mohammad Delnavaz Hossein Hasanpour Hossein Zangooei

10.22034/jest.2017.10628

Background and Objective: The efficient waste management and the environmental protection are important issues in engineering field especially in road construction. Excessive consumption of natural materials for construction and rehabilitation of roads damages the natur More

Background and Objective: The efficient waste management and the environmental protection are important issues in engineering field especially in road construction. Excessive consumption of natural materials for construction and rehabilitation of roads damages the natural environment severely. Therefore, in this research, the use of excavation debris and the steel slag in the road pavement evaluated. Methods: for this purpose, the experiments consisted of plastic and liquid limit, sand equivalent (SE), Los Angeles abrasion, soundness of aggregate and CBR test were done and the reliability of the materials was determined by several factors using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Findings: The result of CBR test on debris was obtained 36.2 that indicated the quality of this debris for sub-base layer. On the other hand, the steel slag arising from electric arc furnace cannot be used alone in the pavement layer of road because of lack of adhesion properties and therefore the steel slag was mixed with adhesive materials. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed proper quality of construction debris and steel slag in road pavement by considering different factors especially environmental issues.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Hazardous Wastes Landfill Site Selection Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Zanjan Province
Mehdi Boroumandi Mashalah Khamehchyian Mohammad Reza Nikoudel

Recently, hazardous waste management is a major issue through the world due to increasing ofhazardous wastes in countries. According to numerous industrial units, Zanjan province needs aneffective managing method for hazardous wastes. Landfilling is the most common meth More

Recently, hazardous waste management is a major issue through the world due to increasing ofhazardous wastes in countries. According to numerous industrial units, Zanjan province needs aneffective managing method for hazardous wastes. Landfilling is the most common method used tohazardous waste management. Determining of optimum location with considering minimumenvironmental risks and cost effective methods are the scope of this paper. The used method in thispaper is combination of geographic Information System (GIS) and multiple criteria Analysis (MCA).Because of several influencing parameters in landfill site selection, using MCA is necessary. A twosteps method of landfill site was done, including elimination exclusionary areas and calculationsuitability index. In order to determine weights of effective parameters, Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP) was applied. Simple additive weight method was used for determination of suitability indexand evaluation of study area for hazardous waste landfill. Finally regions with high suitability indexwere suggested for hazardous waste landfills in Zanjan province. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Eco-technical and environmental evaluation of Electroplating industries wastewater treatment applying AHP
Mohammad Reza Dabaghian Sayed Hossein Hashemi

In this research, a systematic approach for selecting the best alternative for the wastewater treatment of electroplating plants is introduced. AHP is one of the systematic approaches applied in complicated multi-criterion decision-making to obtain scientific and reason More

In this research, a systematic approach for selecting the best alternative for the wastewater treatment of electroplating plants is introduced. AHP is one of the systematic approaches applied in complicated multi-criterion decision-making to obtain scientific and reasonable results. In this study, four wastewater treatment approaches (Chemical Precipitation, Reverse Osmosis, Ion Exchange, Nano Filtration) were evaluated and compared with one another based on three major parameters, that is, economic, technical and environment-social criteria, each of which including the dimensions of the required land, cost of construction and installation, repair and maintenance, sludge disposal cost, achievement of standards, etc. The results revealed that the Reverse Osmosis (RO) was the optimal choice for the wastewater treatment of electroplating plants Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Commercial Areas Locate Region 17 of Tehran Using Fuzzy AHP Method
Mohammad Heydar ali Saeed Karimi

10.22034/jest.2019.13957

Abstract Background and Objective: The urban location with the use of GIS in urban planning is very important. Commercial usage is one the most important urban usage wich affects other urban activities. It is worth noting that people are actively deal with space and alw More

Abstract Background and Objective: The urban location with the use of GIS in urban planning is very important. Commercial usage is one the most important urban usage wich affects other urban activities. It is worth noting that people are actively deal with space and always with the business and related information. Individual placement in a convenient location from an environmental perspective and getting it by all senses will be able to actively respond to the environment and it will draw the attention to the environment. Due to the remoteness of the hospitals, railway stations and close to natural areas such as parks, subjective factors such as the appearance of intimacy, originality and vitality affected and will affect the ability to invite people. Method: In this regard, appropriate measures to study the documents formulation and using the AHP model value of each criterion, relative to other criteria determined and to each of the relevant criteria weights. Finally, the resulting weights in layers of criteria and multiplication using fuzzy compounds   layers were combined. Results: Integrated data showed that the 2 with more favorable situation than the 1 and the area as well as with situation better than 3 areas with different importance is the best place to create trade center. Conclusion: Region 17 of Tehran withpopulation of more than 358 thousands suffers from adequate access to 3 district municipality and this matter makes the costs of access to urban services increase. Therefore, this study explains appropriate indicators and geographic information systems to locate suitable commercial places in the region in each explained municipal areas which have been chosen for the establishment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Evaluating the Ecological Capacity for Urban Development Using a Combination of AHP and GIS (Case Study: Baghmalek District)
Panta Azari Ali Shirzadi Babakan

Background and Objective: Today, urban planners have become interested to consider sustainable development in their planning. Evaluation of ecological capacity for urban development in order to select appropriate locations is the main factor in sustainable development. More

Background and Objective: Today, urban planners have become interested to consider sustainable development in their planning. Evaluation of ecological capacity for urban development in order to select appropriate locations is the main factor in sustainable development. In this study, it has been attempted to evaluate the ecological capacity in order to determine the best possible regions for urban development in Baghmalek district by applying a combination of Analytical Hierarchy Processes and geographic information system. Method: In order to achieve this objective, first we recognized the effective criteria in urban development using the previous studies and by collecting opinions of the experts by Delphi methodology. Finally 5 criteria and 12 sub-criteria were selected. Then, we determined the priority of the criteria against each other by pairwise comparison method and by applying Analytical Hierarchy Processes. Finally, the required information layers were valuated based on fuzzy logic in environment of Geographical Information System (Arc GIS 10.2), the calculated weights were applied on them and ecological capacity map was prepared by weighted overlaying the layers. Results: The results indicated that %46.65 of the studied area has a completely unsuitable potential, %39.62 has an unsuitable potential, %12.27 has an average potential, %1.17 has a suitable potential and %0.29 has completely a suitable potential for urban development.   Conclusion: According to the classification of the final map, it was concluded that the prone areas for future physical development in Baghmalek district can be further expanded in the northern part. On the other hand, Southeast and East directions because of having mountainous regions, face with more restrictions for future development.                                                                                                                                                            Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Managing Environmental Aspects and Impacts of Pulp and Paper Industries using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Jafar Nouri Zahra Nourbakhsh Marzieh Nourbakhsh Ali Tahmasbpour

10.22034/jest.2017.10737

Background and Objective: In this study, managing environmental aspects of pulp and paper industries using AHP method was studied. The process of producing paper have 4 main step that done in for main unit of paper factories, the unit of Preparation and production of wo More

Background and Objective: In this study, managing environmental aspects of pulp and paper industries using AHP method was studied. The process of producing paper have 4 main step that done in for main unit of paper factories, the unit of Preparation and production of wood, pulp production unit, paper production unit ,chemical recovery system unit . Method: To identify and manage environmental aspects and environmental impacts of the industry AHP method (Analytical Hierarchy Process) was used. In the hierarchical structure of research, Factory production units were selected as criteria and various activities of each unit were selected as sub-criteria, four major environmental impact of the factory were selected as alternatives (water pollution, air pollution, noise pollution and solid waste pollution). Conclusion: After analyzing the hierarchy with a group of experts in the software Expert Choice, four important results was obtained. 1- Most important environmental impacts of Wood and Paper industries 2- Which of the factory's production unit makes the most contaminants 3- in every single unit, which are most significant environmental aspects. 4- Any trace of contamination was identified that are shown in graphs .finally the obvious causes and effects of each of the significant aspects were examined and some solutions were presented in order to fix them. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of Karoon River Water Using NSFWQI Index and AHP Method
Marjan Salari Feridon Radmanesh Heidar Zarei

Rivers are discussed as sources of water supply for various uses. Thus, monitoring the quality of these resources due to the recent drought and urban and rural development is one of the important tasks in the field of environmental management. Karoon River has very impo More

Rivers are discussed as sources of water supply for various uses. Thus, monitoring the quality of these resources due to the recent drought and urban and rural development is one of the important tasks in the field of environmental management. Karoon River has very importance in preparing drinking water, maintaining the industrial survival of Khuzestan province and agricultural water supply. Thus, management and control of water quality this resource has particular significance. In the present study, the Karoon water quality has been evaluated by available NSF water quality index. Subsequently, the nine present NSF parameters’ weights have been changed and modified using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method as well as experts’ opinions in the field in a way to satisfy local conditions. In the newly developed WQI, more weights are given to relation with these parameters it can be said that the factors like dissolved oxygen (Do), fecal coliform (F.c) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) when compared with NSF-WQI. The method used in this study is deserving for its merits. Because it provides managers with the capability that can have the better and more accurate   judgments about the final weights of the parameters. Using the present method, one can consider all purposes and objectives defined in water quality projects by taking into account experts’ opinions regarding the essential costs and economical, social and technical remarks. In this respect, the sensitivity of   analyses can be changed and modified in relation to the spatial features. In other words, applying AHP method, confines the NSF utilization to a specific water quality project with the particular conditions.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Potential maps of prone defense centers in western forest of Ilam-Iran by using an analytical hierarchy process (AHP)
Mohammad Fallah Zazuli Reza Aghataher Mehrdad Zarafshar Mohsen Jafari

Oak forest in west of Iran has been always considered by terrorists. So, site selection with emphasis to passive defense principal is really necessary in this area. This research aimed to site selection of defense installations and determine of suitable areas of its gen More

Oak forest in west of Iran has been always considered by terrorists. So, site selection with emphasis to passive defense principal is really necessary in this area. This research aimed to site selection of defense installations and determine of suitable areas of its generation in the part of thin forests at Ilam province using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and Geographic information system (GIS).  By using defense expert opinions, and a literature review eight effective intelligence layer in determining the talented defensive centers (lithology, distance from urban, distance from rural, slope, aspect, elevation, distance from drainage and distance from road) were selected and their maps were digitized in ArcGIS®9.3 environment. Prioritizing factors were done using expert opinions in the Expert Choice (EC2000). The results by priority criteria by pairwise comparison method showed that distance from residential areas (urban and rural area), distance from roads and lithology 0.351, 0.222, 0.160, and 0.109 had the highest effects on defense site selection, respectively. In contrast, elevation (0.021) and distance from the river (0.030) had the lowest effects. Finally, the results showed that Cenozoic geology units, distance from city 10000-15000 m, distance from roads >6000 m, slope percentage (10-20%), eastern aspect, elevation (1000-1500 m), distance from river >3000 and distance from roads 3000-5000 m were the most important factors for presentation of potential maps for building of military centers in the western forest area of Ilam. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Determination potential habitats (Anchusa strigosa) using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and GIS in Dezful
Majid Sadeghinia Mehdi Tazeh Zahra Jafari Koroush Kiani

Native plant development is one of the ways to restore degraded rangelands. In Dezful, Anchusa strigosa is a medication species which is one of the region’s main exports. Due to habitat degradation of this species by overgrazing and rangeland degradation, by consi More

Native plant development is one of the ways to restore degraded rangelands. In Dezful, Anchusa strigosa is a medication species which is one of the region’s main exports. Due to habitat degradation of this species by overgrazing and rangeland degradation, by considering ecological demands, its habitat can be developed. The aim of this study was to determine the potential sites for development, according to the criteria of Anchusa strigosa climate, soil and topography using geographic information systems and hierarchical analysis. For this purpose, In 2015, the spatial data for species presence was used as potential locations for growth. Part of the habitat of this species was extracted from studies using ground and the points which were grabbed. The first point map of the field was prepared by visiting the areas and habitats, and then current biophysical information was extracted. For completing the information, from other sources, the ecological demand of species was extracted and combined with ground-based data. The six criteria map were prepared, classified and standardized in ArcGIS®10.1. As the weight of the layers is not identical, to prioritize the areas of potential habitat, analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used to weight the criteria. The results showed that of total area 464547.3 ha, 31% accounts for good habitat, 38%, average habitat and 7% poor to very poor habitat. The results also showed that the significant dip weight and the minimum weight is most significant measure that shows no inclination and most valuable to the growth of this species. The results can be used to modify the operation of the ranch and mapping of suitable areas for development use. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Integrating visual and environmental elements using fuzzy and multi criteria evaluation methods for aesthetic quality assessment of Gharahsoo watershed, Golestan province
Fazlollah Ahmadi Mirghaed Marjan Mohammadzadeh Abdol-Rasoul Salman Mahini Seyed Hamed Mirkarimi

The aesthetic value of landscape is considered as one of the most important natural resources created by the interaction of different environmental and visual variables. These values are among the factors that have a large impact on land quality and habitat conditions. More

The aesthetic value of landscape is considered as one of the most important natural resources created by the interaction of different environmental and visual variables. These values are among the factors that have a large impact on land quality and habitat conditions. This study was implemented with the aim of combining visual and environmental elements of aesthetic quality assessment of Gharahsoo watershed in the southwestern Golestan Province of Iran based on Fuzzy and multi criteria decision making models. First, the evaluation criteria, including various aspects of physical, biological, socio - economic and visual features of the study area were selected based on a literature review and expert’s opinion. Fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) method was used for weighting. In the next stage, data analysis was conducted based on a fuzzy technique for order preference by similar to ideal solution (FTOPSIS) method. The weighting results of evaluation criteria showed that the criteria vegetation type, waterfall viewshed, vegetation density, proximity to rivers and naturalness with values 0.206, 0.155, 0.114, 0.114 and 0.076 respectively, are priority to other criteria in the aesthetic quality assessment of the study area. Man-made elements, including urban and rural settlements, roads and power transmission lines have received the lowest priority. Also, the results proved that there are aesthetic quality classes in various types in the study area, including most of the forest landscape in the central and south of the study area, as well as the southeast and west parts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Recreation suitability zoning in part of the Oman sea coast
Malihe Erfani Nahid EhsanZadeh

10.30495/girs.2021.677894

Background and Objective Ecotourism activities lead to the development and environmental conservation if they performed on the basis &lrm;of environmental potential and continue through appropriate exploitation and conservation of managed &lrm;areas. Therefore, ecotouri More

Background and Objective Ecotourism activities lead to the development and environmental conservation if they performed on the basis &lrm;of environmental potential and continue through appropriate exploitation and conservation of managed &lrm;areas. Therefore, ecotourism is known as one of the kinds of sustainable tourism that with reasonable &lrm;management is able to meet the protection and development goals. One of the most &lrm;important management activities is zoning and spatial prioritization of suitable areas for tourism &lrm;development. Suitable areas have the best status of predefined evaluation criteria. The selecting process &lrm;of the appropriate zone involves two main steps typically; screening (identifying a limited number of &lrm;candidate zones from a wide geographical area according to a range of criteria), and evaluation. Land evaluation is a process of predicting the potential use of land-based on its attributes. Due to the &lrm;importance of zoning in tourism management, many studies have been done so far, but a review of &lrm;studies conducted in Iran showed that coastlines have been less considered in such studies. Therefore, &lrm;the present study intends to identify and prioritize suitable ecotourism areas in a part of the southern &lrm;coasts of the country according to ecological and socio-economic resources. The present study is to investigate the capability and zoning of the eastern watershed of Chabahar Gulf with a coastal length of 47 km for coastal tourism and also to identify and select the most suitable areas based on their preference in terms of criteria.  Materials and Methods At first, all possible criteria for land suitability evaluation for tourism development in the study area were selected according to the review of resources, and finally, using a questionnaire and Delphi method, the criteria were finalized. The identified evaluation criteria were in two forms of factor (continuous and discrete) and constraint as; Continuous factor criteria included; distance from the river, distance from the wetlands, distance from the mountains of Hezar-Dareh (Badlands)&lrm;, distance from the port and the pier, distance from historical and cultural centers, distance from specific vegetation, distance from the specific animal, distance from agricultural lands, distance from the natural fountain, distance from rocky shores, distance from sandy shores, distance from the road, distance from rural areas, and distance from urban areas. Discrete factor criterion included; vegetation and restriction criteria included; wetland backline, river backline, and shore backline. Evaluation criteria were identified, prepared, and mapped. Finally Merged using the multi-criteria evaluation method (MCE) and the weighted linear &lrm;combination (WLC) approach. The weight of each factor &lrm;criterion was obtained by the analytic hierarchy process &lrm;&lrm;(AHP) and all layers related to these criteria were &lrm;standardized and dimensionless by the fuzzy method. The &lrm;standardization of constraint criteria was performed by the &lrm;Boolean method.&lrm; Areas that have more than 70% suitability for the coastal ecotourism development and also have at least 9 hectares extension were identified as acceptable areas. These two filters were implemented by applying the Siteselect function.  Results and DiscussionThe consistency ratio for the AHP were obtained 0.05, which is less than 0.1, therefore the weighting was done correctly. The filtered map (based on minimum area and minimum suitability) obtained from WLC showed that suitable areas for ecotourism development are along the coastline and mainly natural factors and spectacular geological attractions have been effective in this selection. The results of weighting the criteria show that rocky shores, sandy shores, and mountains of Hezar Dareh have the most weight among all operating criteria, which are respectively 0.19, 0.134, 0.12, and 0.09 and show the great attractiveness of these phenomena in attracting tourists from the experts' point of view. The resulting layer &lrm;of overlay was classified into two favorable and unfavorable classes. The results showed that the appropriate places for potential tourism were 233 hectares and are &lrm;located in seven zones along &lrm;the coast. Zones 4, 5, 2, and 3 had more priority, respectively based on the statistical characteristics of desirability, as well as the superiority of landscape features, proximity to the sea, and the greater accessibility, also the well-known locations. The field study also showed that these areas are more visited by tourists, which indicates the validity of the method and criteria used. Zones 7, 1 and, 6 are also in the next priority, respectively, which need more management and planning in terms of access to increase the tourism suitability. These results show the role of socio-economic factors, especially infrastructure. Ignoring it will lead to the elimination of recreational use or the imposition of irreparable damage to the environment.  Conclusion So far, our study area was less affected by accelerated development and its nature remains healthy. In this regard, allocating parts of the region to ecotourism landuse, if properly managed, can ensure the conservation of the environmental quality of the identification zones, because ecotourism is mentioned as the best policies of natural resources management which lead to the reduction of destructive factors and their sustainable protection, and on the other hand, by developing ecotourism sites and improving tourism facilities, the economic state of the tourist host community also improves. Among the identified zones, four zones 4, 5, 2, and 3 are suggested as the first priority &lrm;for tourism planning respectively.&lrm; Organizing, developing, and improving communication networks and roads in the region will increase the suitability of the region, especially zones 7, 1, and 6. Therefore, the development of communication networks and air transportation, maritime transportation, and Ground transportation and facilities and welfare and accommodation facilities needed by tourists are suggested, as well as maritime tourism tours to increase the region's attractiveness in attracting domestic and foreign tourists. Also, due to the high attraction of the mountains of Hezar-Dareh, which also have geological importance, it is suggested that parts of the study area be managed as a geological park or geopark. A more detailed study of the area is suggested to a spatial selection of coastal tourism activities with more comprehensive spatial information in the identified suitable areas in this study for future studies. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.26767082.1400.12.1.6.7 Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Landslide hazard zonation based on fuzzy-analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) and Multi-criteria decision analysis (Case study: Marbar river basin)
Mohammad Reza Sajjadi Ahmad Ahmadi Behnaz Bigdeli

10.30495/girs.2020.675969

Background and ObjectiveLandslide as a terrifying disaster can cause human and economic losses and the destruction of cultural and natural heritage. While the need for a method to directly predict the location of landslides has vital importance but currently, the predic More

Background and ObjectiveLandslide as a terrifying disaster can cause human and economic losses and the destruction of cultural and natural heritage. While the need for a method to directly predict the location of landslides has vital importance but currently, the prediction is not possible. The zoning of landslide hazard can be an efficient indirect approach. This paper proposes a method for landslide hazard zoning based on the decision fusion and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in the Semirom of Isfahan province. Materials and Methods In the first step of the proposed methodology of this research, GIS information layers of the study area are collected. Then by using of fuzzy and non-fuzzy hierarchical analysis method and based on expert knowledge, the layers and sub-layers were weighted. In addition, two different overlay methods including weighted overlay and fuzzy overlay are applied for zoning of the AHP and fuzzy AHP results. Combination of both AHP and fuzzy AHP methods with two overlay methods create four zoning maps for the area. The Fuzzy Overlay tool makes it possible for the analysis of the possibility of a phenomenon belonging to multiple sets in a multi-criteria overlay analysis. Not only the fuzzy overlay determines the influential members in the occurrence of a phenomenon but also analyzes the relationships between the memberships of several sets. Weight overlapping is one of the most effective methods used to overlay analysis to address multiple-criteria questions such as location selection and appropriate models. This method will adopt the values in the input raster to a common evaluation criterion for suitability or priority, risk, or appropriate scale. The cell values of each row of inputs increase with the increase of importance of the raster. It also combines the resultant cells to produce the output raster. After obtaining four zoning maps, a decision fusion strategy is applied for the fusion of these maps. Decision fusion systems or in general data fusion or combination strategies combines various decisions made from different methods or data to ultimately make decisions that are more precise and reliable than the result obtained from a single decision. One of the most important and effective methods for integrating decisions is based on the concept of voting. In this method, one vote is assigned to each decision. The simplest form of this method is known as the majority voting. In this method, if all decision-making methods have the same weight and accuracy, the decision of all strategies for an input sample is considered to be the same weight, and the decision with the highest score will be introduced as the winning class for the input sample. Results and Discussion The study area is located approximately 60 kilometers from Semirom city. Also, this area is located in Marbur River watershed. Generally, different factors can be effective in slope instability and landslide, which in this research, slope, aspect, distance to fault, distance to roads, distance to drainages, distance to residential areas, lithology and rainfall were selected for assessing the landslide phenomenon. These effective layers are obtained from information data such as Digital Elevation Model (DEM), fault lines, rivers location, streams location, residential areas, roads location, lithology and synoptic stations. The digital elevation model (DEM) of the region is prepared with 30 meters pixel size from the USGS website. By using DEM in GIS, slope and aspect maps in five classes are created. Faults map of the studied area is obtained from 1:100000 geology map of the Geology organization center of the country. Also, by using Euclidean distance in GIS, distance to faults layer is created in five classes. For preparation of rainfall map, the rainfall content of the studied area has been used from the average rainfall data of the Iran Meteorological Organization in the last 10 years of 19 meteoroidal stations. Based on the rainfall information, the area is divided into five classes. Roads map of the area is obtained from 1:25000 map of National Cartographic Center.  The distance to road layer is created from roads map of the area and divided into five classes. For drainage and residential area maps, a 1:25000 map from NCC is applied. Also, distance to residential area layer is created by this map in five classes. For assessment of the lithology in this area, a 1:100000 geology map is applied. Conclusion Results showed that the zoning methods provide satisfactory results, but eventually the results were improved with the decision fusion strategy. For validation our finding the results were compared with historical landslides. Based on the results, it was concluded that zoning by four different combinations: hierarchical analysis and overweight analysis, hierarchical analysis and fuzzy overlay, fuzzy hierarchical analysis and weighted overlay, and fuzzy hierarchical analysis and fuzzy overlaying, have a precision of 80%, 86%, 75% and 88% respectively. After integrating the results of these four methods, the accuracy of the zoning increased to 90%. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Comparison of analytic network process (ANP) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method in land use planning based on multi objective land allocation (MOLA) method
Hadi Rahimi Abdolrasoul Salman Mahini Hamid Reza Kamyab

Management and planning, distributing the economic and social activities as well as clearing hidden capacities in terms of the land’s potential and needs are the main goals of Land use planning. MOLA was used in order to zoning and planning Gorgan and Aliabad citi More

Management and planning, distributing the economic and social activities as well as clearing hidden capacities in terms of the land’s potential and needs are the main goals of Land use planning. MOLA was used in order to zoning and planning Gorgan and Aliabad cities in eight major Land-uses. The method of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and analytic network process (ANP) and the experts’ experiences were used for weighting the three main factors including ecological, economic and social factors. Compare zoning based on two ways AHP and ANP weighting also was evaluated. The results showed that the integration of applications based on AHP and ANP different weighting methods. According to the results of the integration of applications based on ANP method compared to the AHP with respect to slope, height, density of vegetation, rainfall and erosion ability in general is more appropriate. The results showed that according to total Kappa values (0.9151), spatial Kappa (0.9524), standard Kappa (0.9323), and chance agreement (0.1111), MOLA based zoning based on AHP and ANP weights had a similarity A lot. But the difference in the use of the AHP and ANP was 88663 pixels (7979 ha). For this purpose, statistical data on slope, height, vegetation density, precipitation and erodibility were extracted based on the weight of the two methods of AHP and ANP. According to the results, the placement of land use based on the ANP method in comparison with AHP is more appropriate in general. This means that the method has better performance in the ANP have been weighted to land-uses. The results of this study, the relationship and the importance of all aspects of ecological, economic and social planning and land use planning notes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Comparative evaluation of landslide susceptibility map using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy methods
Ali Dastranj Hamzeh Noor

10.30495/girs.2021.680132

Background and ObjectiveAmong many natural hazards, landslides are one of the most widespread and destructive. Due to the high mountainous topography, tectonic activity, high seismicity, diverse geological and climatic conditions, basically, Iran has a natural condition More

Background and ObjectiveAmong many natural hazards, landslides are one of the most widespread and destructive. Due to the high mountainous topography, tectonic activity, high seismicity, diverse geological and climatic conditions, basically, Iran has a natural condition for creating a wide range of landslides and these landslides annually cause both life loss and financial damage to the country. Since it is difficult to predict the timing of landslides, identifying susceptible areas to landslides, and zoning these areas based on potential risk are highly important. Therefore landslide-prone areas need to be identified in order to reduce such damage. In this respect, landslide susceptibility assessment can provide valuable information essential for hazard mitigation. The main goal of landslide susceptibility analysis is to identify dangerous and high-risk areas and thus reduce landslide damage through suitable mitigation measures. Since the exact prediction of landslides occurrence isn’t possible by human sciences, thus, we can prevent the damages of this phenomenon by identification of landslide susceptible areas and prioritizing them. Binalood Mountain in Khorasan Razavi Province, Due to its geological location, geomorphology, topography, climate, vegetation, has kinds of mass movement. The results of these studies can be used as fundamental information by environmental managers and planners. Landslide hazard zonation was challenged by several researchers in recent years. In order to provide landslide hazard, zonation maps various methods such as Fuzzy logic, statistic methods and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) can be used. Since the early 1970s, many scientists have attempted to assess landslide hazards and produced hazard zonation maps portraying their spatial distribution by applying many different GIS-based methods. Different models and methods have been proposed to produce Landslide hazard zonation. The aim of this study is to develop and compare detailed landslide susceptibility maps (LSM) for Binalood Mountain, using Fuzzy and AHP methods in the framework of the GIS. Materials and Methods The study area is the northern and southern slopes of the Binalood Mountains that are located in the Khorasan Razavi Province. The present study area fallows under 36 ° 1' to 36 ° 15' north latitudes and 58° 38' to 59 ° 35' east longitudes. According to Geological, Geomorphologic, Hydrological, Climatic, Human and Environmental characteristics of the study area and using comparative studies and results of other researchers, 20 criteria and sub-criteria were identified to achieve the goals. The needed Layers of landslide hazard zonation were prepared using ArcGIS software. These layers are slope, aspect, altitude classes, geology, distance from the river, river density, distance from the road, road density, distance from the fault, fault density, morphological units, topographic indexes (stream power index (SPI), topographic wetness index (TWI) and slope length index (LS)), geomorphological indexes (topographic position index (TPI), topographic roughness index (TRI) and surface curvature index, land use, isothermal lines, and Rainfall lines. Thun, The landslide inventory map has been created in the study area. Subsequently, landslide susceptibility maps were produced using Fuzzy Logic and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) models. After preparing the layers, the next step was to assign weight values to the raster layers, and to the classes of each layer, respectively. This step was realized with the use of the AHP method. So, the landslide hazard zonation map of the study area was presented using weight exertion of factors in their layers and integration of them by Arc GIS software. In the Fuzzy method, after fuzzyizing the layers in the ArcGIS environment, the landslide risk zoning was performed using fuzzy gamma 0.8. For verification, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn and the areas under the curve (AUC) were calculated. Finally, the ratio of the percentage of landslides was in each zone to the percentage of the total area of the zone was calculated. Results and Discussion The results of weighting the parameters affecting the landslide using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) showed that geological, slope, and fault factors have the greatest impact on the occurrence of landslide risk in the study area, respectively. The class of very high and high susceptibility covers 47.8% of the total area in the landslide susceptibility map generated with the AHP model. Low and moderate susceptible classes make up 13.4 and 38.8% of the total area, respectively. According to the landslide susceptibility map based on the Fuzzy Method, 27.7% of the total area was determined to be very high and high susceptibility to landslide. Low and moderate susceptible classes constitute 56.8%, and 15.5% of the area, respectively. The AUC values were 0.817 and 0.752 for AHP and Fuzzy models and the training accuracy was 81.7 and 75.2%, respectively. It can be concluded that both models utilized in this study showed reasonably good accuracy in predicting the landslide susceptibility of the study area. Finally, the ratio of the percentage of landslides was ineach zone to the percentage of the total area of zone showed the NRi values in each susceptible class for the AHP model more than the Fuzzy method. The larger ratio in the AHP method indicates its better consistency than the Fuzzy method, implying more coverage of landslides in a smaller area by the AHP method. This result represents the better accuracy of the AHP method than the Fuzzy method in the landslide susceptibility map. Conclusion In this study, the most widely accepted models, AHP and Fuzzy were used for producing Landslide Susceptibility Map (LSM) and their performances were compared. The LSMs were divided into five landslide susceptibility classes. The performance of the resulting LSMs was verified by the ROC curves and Numerical Ratio (NRi). The results show that the AHP and Fuzzy models are successful estimators. The map produced by the AHP model exhibited a slightly better result for landslide susceptibility mapping in the study area. These two techniques may be characterized by incorporating a wide range of conditioning factors. Also, they can discriminate the causative factors for understanding the importance of each factor. The interpretation of the susceptibility map indicates that geological, slope, and fault play major roles in landslide occurrence and distribution in the study area. The landslide susceptibility maps like the one produced in this study should provide a valuable tool for the use of planners and engineers for reorganizing or planning new programs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Land suitability assessment model for urban development using Multi-Criteria decision-making approach and Geographic Information System (Case study: Bam)
Pooya Farhani Sahar Rezayan Mojgan Zaeimdar Seyed Ali Jozi

10.30495/girs.2021.686048

Background and Objective In recent decades, with the acceleration of urbanization and the growth of migration to cities, the physical structure of cities has undergone extensive changes. To implement these changes, regardless of the ecological capacities and requirement More

Background and Objective In recent decades, with the acceleration of urbanization and the growth of migration to cities, the physical structure of cities has undergone extensive changes. To implement these changes, regardless of the ecological capacities and requirements of sustainable urban development, cities are facing many challenges. One of these challenges is determining the appropriate areas for the physical expansion of the city for the establishment of urban development. One of the most reliable methods to determine the appropriate directions and areas for urban development by considering environmental conditions and characteristics is the land suitability assessment. Such an assessment greatly contributes to sustainable land use and solving environmental problems caused by rapid urban development. Land suitability assessment aims to identify the most appropriate spatial pattern for future land uses considering the ecological potential of the area. Since many criteria need to be considered and analyzed in the selection of appropriate lands for urban development, it is necessary to use the most effective techniques to identify the best locations for future urban expansion. The Geographic Information System is such a technique, having its most useful application in the land suitability assessment method. In setting the importance of the criteria used and computing the weights of factors, GIS tools must be integrated with other methods to improve the results. Given that, the present study attempted to evaluate the land suitability to determine suitable areas for the establishment of urban development of Bam city through the integration of the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making approach, Fuzzy Logic, and Geographic Information System.Materials and Methods To achieve the objectives of this study, with the help of a group of experts, and an extensive review of the related literature, all the criteria and sub-criteria essential to the establishment of urban development were identified as the first step. To this end, a questionnaire was designed and distributed among the group of experts and they were asked to express their opinions on the identified criteria and sub-criteria. To determine the required sample size and population, Morgan’s sampling table was employed. Consequently, 9 criteria and 13 sub-criteria were selected for the land suitability assessment in this study. Multi-Criteria Decision-Making method and Expert-Choice software were used to compare and weigh the previously determined criteria and sub-criteria. As the next step, all the data layers were standardized by the fuzzy logic method using ArcGIS software. The scale of the maps used in this research is 1:100000 and the resolution of digital layers is 90×90 meters. After assigning calculated weights to each data layer, they were overlaid using the Weighted Linear Combination method and fuzzy sum technique.Results and Discussion The results from MCDM analysis revealed that three sub-criteria namely distance from major faults, distance from drinking water wells, and soil texture had the highest weights among other factors at 0.235, 0.117, and 0.114, respectively. The inconsistency calculated for the pairwise comparison in this study was 0.07, which is below the 0.1 thresholds. Analysis of the final raster suitability map, resulting from overlaying data layers, showed that the highest and the lowest pixel values were 0.481 and 0.07, respectively. To perform a more accurate analysis, the final suitability map was classified into four suitability classes (medium, low, very low, and undevelopable) indicating that 24% of the studied area equivalent to 189965.2 hectares, categorized as having medium suitability, 34% low equivalent to 268854.3 hectares, 22% very low equivalent to 178695.7 hectares, and 20% undevelopable equivalent to 160762/3 hectares for the establishment of urban development. The medium suitable areas are mainly located in the east, northwest, and to a lesser extent in the center, mostly away from the major fault lines, while the areas of very low suitability and undevelopable are mainly located in the west and south of the area studied. Due to their proximity to protected areas, mountainous, fault lines, and hills, these areas do not demonstrate the appropriate suitability for the establishment of urban development.Conclusion This study was conducted to identify and determine suitable areas for the establishment of urban development in Bam city using a combination of the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making approach, Geographic Information System, and Fuzzy Logic technique. All the criteria and sub-criteria, used to conduct this study, have been determined using a questionnaire and considering the environmental conditions and socio-economic characteristics of the studied area. As a result, 9 criteria including water resources, climate, topography, geology, soil, areas under the Department of Environment Management, roads, population centers, and land use, and 13 sub-criteria including distance from surface and groundwater resources, climate, wind speed, slope, altitude, distance from the main faults, geology, soil texture, distance from protected areas, distance from roads, distance from built-up urban areas and land use were selected for this study. Expert Choice and ArcGIS software were employed for pairwise comparison and standardization and overlaying data layers. It was found that 24% of the studied area equivalent to 189965.2 hectares can be categorized as medium suitability for the establishment of urban development. Based on the final results, it is concluded that the integration of the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making approach, Fuzzy Logic, and Geographic Information System can provide sufficient tools to determine the areas suitable for urban development and present a detailed analysis of these areas according to the characteristics of the area for future planning. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Land suitability assessment for industry's establishment with AHP-Fuzzy logic method (Case study: Malard county)
Alireza Gharagozlou Masoumeh Alizadeh

Unplanned development of industries can be harmful to sustainable development. Some of the harms include destruction of farmlands and natural ecosystems and emission of environmental pollutants. Furthermore, establishment of industries in unsuitable and risky sites can More

Unplanned development of industries can be harmful to sustainable development. Some of the harms include destruction of farmlands and natural ecosystems and emission of environmental pollutants. Furthermore, establishment of industries in unsuitable and risky sites can cause heavy damages. Thus, unplanned development of industrial plants should be stopped and suitable lands for industrial purposes should be studied and identified. The aim of this research is land suitability assessment for industry's establishment in Malard county using AHP-Fuzzy Logic method. Various qualitative and quantitative criteria effective in land suitability assessment were identified and selected. Then, using AHP method, qualitative criteria were quantified and weighed. In modeling process, fuzzy logic was used to convert discrete variables to continuous variables and change data layers to raster format and combines them in Arc®GIS software. Finally, the land suitability map for industrial development was developed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Suitable sites for wind power plants constructed in East Azerbaijan using fuzzy- analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) method
Mehdi Asadi Saeid Jahanbakhsh Asl

In this study, to determine appropriate locations for the construction of wind power plants in the East Azerbaijan, several criteria, including wind speed, prevailing wind speed, pressure, temperature, elevation, slope, road, city, village, protected areas, land use, ri More

In this study, to determine appropriate locations for the construction of wind power plants in the East Azerbaijan, several criteria, including wind speed, prevailing wind speed, pressure, temperature, elevation, slope, road, city, village, protected areas, land use, river, fault and earthquakes were considered. All criteria were implemented by using an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) weight of layers in EC2000 software. For fuzzification the parameters were coded by 0, 1 into the IDRISI software and based on the expert opinions, the control points and fuzzy function of each layer was determined. Then the software Arc®GIS9.3 was used to overlay layers, and finally, the East Azerbaijan potential wind power plant was constructed in four levels: excellent (217294.36 ha), good (972887.64 ha), fair (1650932.35 ha) and poor (1709038.40 ha). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Determination potential habitats of Ferula assafoetida medicinal herb using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and GIS (Case study: Chatrod region, Kerman)
Amir Saadatfar Iraj Tavassolian Samira Hossein Jafari

Sustainable land use pattern relies on a precise assessment of ecological resources. Medicinal plants demand special environmental conditions, therefore, researchers and experts have special attention to land suitability evaluation and appropriately discover and assess More

Sustainable land use pattern relies on a precise assessment of ecological resources. Medicinal plants demand special environmental conditions, therefore, researchers and experts have special attention to land suitability evaluation and appropriately discover and assess ecological resources and finally, make feasibility studies for specific aims applying agricultural and ecological models. The present study aimed to identify effective climatological, topographic, and physical-chemical properties of soil on the habitat of the Ferula assafoetida medicinal herb, and zoning of suitable areas for cropping of these crops by means of Geographical Information System (GIS) in the Chatrod region of Kerman province. In the first step, the ecological requirements of Ferula assafoetida identified for determining scientific resources and thus, classified to provide thematic maps. Thematic maps also prepared and categorized by sampling the soil from the surface area at 14 points. The examined parameters included precipitation, temperature, altitude, sand, silt, clay, lime, pH, electrical conductivity, potassium, saturation, phosphorus, organic matter, and nitrogen. Finally, by integrating and matching the weighted maps in GIS software, the zoning of the habitat of the Ferula assafoetida extracted. The results of the zoning showed that Ferula assafoetida was in four zones (very suitable, suitable, moderate and poor) in terms of land suitability. Approximately 4826 hectares (16.9%) of the Chatrod region had highly suitable for growing the Ferula assafoetida herb. It is because of the specific characteristics of this area, such as low electrical conductivity, low acidity, high organic matter, and the height of 1900 to 2500 meters was. However, approximately 6819.6 hectares (23.8%) of the area of land evaluated as unsuitable zones because of low rainfall, high altitude and organic matter to grow of Ferula assafoetida. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Using Fuzzy Delphi and Fuzzy AHP to Determine Key Technology Selection Criteria
Milad Aghaee Reza Aghaee Mostafa Memarzadeh

Technology has been an important element in service and production in which we have faced a great growth in different technological aspects. Today, many organizations, especially police organizations have no choice expect using technology for increasing productivity and More

Technology has been an important element in service and production in which we have faced a great growth in different technological aspects. Today, many organizations, especially police organizations have no choice expect using technology for increasing productivity and service quality. In this way, many resources like financial, human and time resources consume that effective utilization of resources and investments on suitable technology have an important role in the achievement of technology. Thus, current research is aimed to recognize effective criteria on technology selection in police organization and present a systematic model for prioritizing them by FUZZY Delphi and FUZZY AHP technique. TO do so, the population of this research is experts of technology field in police organization in which 10 people were selected. The findings of this research are as three initiatives: 1- prioritization of fundamental criteria using FUZZY Delphi, 2- the refined criteria showed that technology selection criteria are not just inter-organizational criteria, but it encompasses external organizational criteria and 3- effective factors on technology selection for development are not only financial criteria, and there are other criteria like politics problems in which effects on technology selection. On the other hand, based on research results, the ranking of selecting technology in police organizations are as below: political problems, economic attractiveness, strategic attractiveness, value creation, practicality and technical knowledge and learning.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Performance Evaluation of the National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Company Staff in Ahwaz Region by Using Analytical Hierarchy Process Method
Razieh Amirzadeh Behbahani Zahra Yaghoubi

In today's competitive world the organizations can survive in the existing disordered conditions which utilize the best out of their resources. One of the major resources of an organization is human resources. Considered as a crucial process in almost all organizations, More

In today's competitive world the organizations can survive in the existing disordered conditions which utilize the best out of their resources. One of the major resources of an organization is human resources. Considered as a crucial process in almost all organizations, organizations need to evaluate their performance and manpower performance measurement to eliminate and compensate defects, increase the productivity and efficiency and to discover the capability of the human resources. So, this research has studied ways to evaluate the performance of national Iranian oil products distribution company staff in Ahwaz region by Analytical Hierarchy Process Method. According to the scientific resources under consideration and also the desired factors in this organization, the principal criteria and sub-criteria have been detected. Then, the pair comparisons of the criteria and sub-criteria were designed and were handed out to 10 evaluation managers. First, the incompatibility of each of the filled pair comparison tables by the evaluators was examined. Then, the weight of each of the main criteria and sub-criteria and the new system of personnel performance evaluation was designed by using the Group AHP and Expert choice software. Some assumptions were presented and a questionnaire was given to 79 personals and managers to analyze the superiority of our novel method over the existing method in the company. Since the questionnaire was prepared by suggestions from experts and also the calculated Cronbach’s Alpha as 0.94, it’s validation and the robustness was accepted. Also, according to the analysis of the dataset and using the statistical methods, the advantage of this method over the former method is deliberated.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Landslide Hazard Zoning Maps Sufiyan Area By Using AHP Model In GIS
Hamid Shahinfar

Mass movements are a complicated mechanism that many factors and variables can play roles in their occurrence. In this article the frequency and distribution of large landslides in Sufiyan of the E- Azerbaijan province are studied. The main investigation of this study i More

Mass movements are a complicated mechanism that many factors and variables can play roles in their occurrence. In this article the frequency and distribution of large landslides in Sufiyan of the E- Azerbaijan province are studied. The main investigation of this study is to investigate that factors influencing the landslides through Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and then hazard zonation map in the studied region. To do this, six landslide factors, including (1) lithology, (2) slope, (3) the distance of fault, (4) elevation, (5) the distance from the spring and (6) land usage, have been detected as important factors affecting the landslides in this area. Each layer is imported as data into GIS, and their weights are illustrated by using hierarchical analysis. Any how by integrating layers in GIS landslide hazards are mapped in 5 levels as very high-risky, high-risky, medium-risky, less-risky and very less-risky. The results show that most parts of the area are in the very less-risky (43%), and the others covered less-risky (22%), medium-risky (17%), high-risky (9%) and very high-risky (9%) parts of the area. From the mention factors in slopes instabilities, lithology, slope and the distance form fault ordinarily have impact on the slope movements of the studied region Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Investigation and Selection of Optimal and Suitable Locations for Arsenal Camouflage using Remote Sensing Studies (Case Study: Iran)
mehdi mohamdpour Davod Majidi

Identifying suitable and optimal areas for camouflage of arsenals is very important. The purpose of this study is to investigate and select the optimal and suitable places for camouflage of arsenals in the country using AHP model and mathematical analysis in ARC GIS env More

Identifying suitable and optimal areas for camouflage of arsenals is very important. The purpose of this study is to investigate and select the optimal and suitable places for camouflage of arsenals in the country using AHP model and mathematical analysis in ARC GIS environment. Locating is a process through which the best place for an activity can be determined based on the conditions and according to the available resources and facilities. Accordingly, in this study, first the effective factors in locating the ammunition slot are examined and the map of each of the effective factors in locating the arsenal such as slope map, slope direction map, Altitude map, Access road map, Distance from big cities map, Distance from medium cities map, Distance from small towns Map, Distance from villages map, Distance from faults map and distance  from water level map were prepared in ARC GIS environment and the importance coefficients of criteria and sub-criteria were obtained using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Expert Choice software. Then, these coefficients were applied in the layers related to each parameter through a linear weight combination and suitable places for selecting the arsenal were identified with a range of values. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Optimal Solar Power Station Site Selection Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Iran
Pedram Ahadi Farbod Fakhrabadi Alireza Pourshaghaghi Farshad Kowsari

A vast country with a mean solar irradiance of 4.5 kilowatts per square meter, Iran enjoys very high potentials for establishment and utilization of solar systems and, in particular, production of electrical energy from solar power stations. The present study was conduc More

A vast country with a mean solar irradiance of 4.5 kilowatts per square meter, Iran enjoys very high potentials for establishment and utilization of solar systems and, in particular, production of electrical energy from solar power stations. The present study was conducted for Optimal Solar Power Station Site Selection Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Iran, and the Expert Choice software. AHP is one of the most widespread multi-criteria decision-making tools. The research considered criteria and sub-criteria such as the amount of radiation, number of sunny days, mean temperature, air humidity, precipitation, amount of dust and pollution, and cloudiness factor. For obtaining the optimal location using the AHP method, implemented in Expert Choice, pairwise comparison is made between the sets for weighting after the hierarchical levels, including the goal, criteria, sub-criteria, and alternatives (intended locations), are specified. As the sets are weighted, the compatibility of judgments is analyzed, which must be less than 0.1. The capitals of the provinces of Iran were considered in the research. From among the thirty-one locations in the examined region, the city of Zahedan was selected as the best location for establishment of solar power stations, and the other alternatives were assigned the next priorities given their weights. Moreover, sensitivity analysis was made on the major criteria, and the impact of parameter weight on the alternatives was assessed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Development of a web-based group spatial decision support system for the site selection of a new shopping center
Abbas Safari Mohammad Hassan Vahidnia Hossein Aghamohammadi

Choosing the right place to build a new shopping center is a multi-criteria decision-making problem that involves different people and opinions. In this research, geographic information systems (GIS) and multi-criteria decision-making models have been used to perform so More

Choosing the right place to build a new shopping center is a multi-criteria decision-making problem that involves different people and opinions. In this research, geographic information systems (GIS) and multi-criteria decision-making models have been used to perform some stages of spatial analysis, and then the development of a group decision support system for aggregating and selecting the final alternative has been discussed. A two-step method was proposed in this research to create limited decision-making options. In the first stage, creating standard criteria maps including five items with spatial analysis and normalization was done in ArcGIS software. According to the studies, the weight of each criterion was determined and the weighted overlapping of the layers was done. After applying the limiting options, six areas were determined to perform web-based location selection. In the second stage, a group spatial decision support system was developed. Using Visual Studio environment and C# programming language and .NET technology, a website was designed for the participation of experts in this field. In the architecture of this system, ASPMap technology, including a set of controls and map components, and location-based tools, was embedded on the server side of the program. User weighting of the criteria was done in the forms designed by Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). With the help of stored procedures in a SQL Server database, the average value of each of the selected points is calculated online based on the opinions of the group. Finally, the point that had the highest value in the average of the opinions of different users was introduced as the best place to build a shopping center. The research results showed that the proposed method has high flexibility, speed, and ease in applying group opinions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Comparison of pedestrian safety in old and new neighborhoods (A case study of Qazvin)
Manouchehr Tabibian Elaheh Shabanjoola

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Open Access Article

32 - Presenting a Model for Evaluating and Ranking Fuel Stations Based on AHP Approach
Payam Hanafizade Seyyed Hassan Mousavi Mohammad Amin Nayebi

In this article, an evaluating model for ranking the fuel stations of N.I.O.P.D.C. is presented. The model was formulated based on one of MCDM techniques known as Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). More specifically, initially, we conducted a survey through administeri More

In this article, an evaluating model for ranking the fuel stations of N.I.O.P.D.C. is presented. The model was formulated based on one of MCDM techniques known as Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). More specifically, initially, we conducted a survey through administering a questionnaire to experts in order to identify the criteria for evaluating fuel stations. Then, we determined criteria weights using a questionnaire on the basis of AHP standard. We used a rating scale instead of direct pair wise comparisons among alternatives so that we could overcome the explosion in the number of required comparisons when the number of alternatives is excessively large. Then, we calculated global Weights of every criterion in each level and after that considering assigned rates by evaluators to every fuel station, the scores of every fuel station was eventually calculated. All of weights were calculated and run using EC software. To test the presented model, we evaluated four stations in Zanjan province. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Hybrid Techniques of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making for Location of Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): Shahr Bank Branches in Tehran, 1st District Municipality
Alireza Shahhoseini Mahdi Yousefinejad Attari

10.22094/joie.2017.706.1445

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Open Access Article

34 - Influence of fuzzy Goal Programming in Production Optimization Case study: Cement Industry
Mahmoud Modiri Saeid Moheb Rabbani Hadi Heidari Gharebolagh

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Open Access Article

35 - Assess and Prioritizing Affecting Factors on Quality of Education in E-learning Environments Using Analytical Hierarchy Process Method
Akbar Rezazadeh Seyyed Davoud Hoseininasab Mohammadreza Sarmadi Mehran Farjollahi

The aim of this study was to evaluate and prioritize the different dimension of e-learning and criteria associated with them, using the analytic hierarchy process. To achieve this goal, library method and a description research method was used. The statistical populatio More

The aim of this study was to evaluate and prioritize the different dimension of e-learning and criteria associated with them, using the analytic hierarchy process. To achieve this goal, library method and a description research method was used. The statistical population of the study consisted of all references related to models, frameworks, standards related to the quality of web-based education and internal and external experiences. In addition, all scholars, experts, and specialists in e-learning centers and virtual universities in the country including the study population and members of the sample with respect to the objectives and research questions were selected of them purposefully. The tools data collection were questionnaire-made that its validity and reliability have been confirmed. Factors affecting the quality of education in electronic learning environments of the research literature identified and techniques AHP was used to prioritize them. Analysis of data using software export Choice showed that the share of institutional and managerial factors pedagogical and instructional design; technological factors; factors providing education and factors associated with support services in the quality of education in E-learning environments, respectively 26%; 24%; 20%; 18% and 12% were evaluated Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - Evaluation of ecological capability of Babolrood basin for agriculture land use using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
‌امید Karami S.M Hoseini nasr حمید Jalilvand M.H Miryaghubzadeh

Today, agriculture is one of the main economic sections of the country and economic growth is not possible without agricultural growth. Since agricultural land use requires specific environmental conditions, researchers and experts have paid special attention to the lan More

Today, agriculture is one of the main economic sections of the country and economic growth is not possible without agricultural growth. Since agricultural land use requires specific environmental conditions, researchers and experts have paid special attention to the land use evaluation for rational development of agricultural and determination of suitable area for agriculture is very important. Regarding the importance of subject, in this study suitable area for agricultural land use in Babolrood Basin-Mazandaran province evaluated. Thus, in first step, criteria and sub-criteria determined. Then by using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and with help of expert's knowledge, criteria and sub-criteria weighted, then the weights integrated with related maps using weighted linear combination technique in GIS environment and final map of agriculture capability provided. Results showed that 3.57 percent of the study area has first-class potential, 8.2, 16.19, and 2.51 percent of the study area has 2, 3 and 4 class's capability for agriculture respectively. Also 69.53 percent of the basin is unsuitable for agriculture. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - The Measurement of Environmental Resilience In the District 14 of Tehran
Hooshang Hendi naser eghbali rahim sarvar Zahra Pishgahi Fard

Today, environmental issues have become one of the most important challenges for urban planners, and unbridled urban development has added to their complexity. Resiliency approach planning can, in all respects, create the capacity to deal with the turbulent future. The More

Today, environmental issues have become one of the most important challenges for urban planners, and unbridled urban development has added to their complexity. Resiliency approach planning can, in all respects, create the capacity to deal with the turbulent future. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the environmental resilience of neighborhoods in the district 14 of Tehran. In principle, 23 neighborhoods have been investigated by selecting five environmental indicators. The five indicators were ranked by 30 urban planning experts through hierarchical analyzes of AHP, and then the Gray Relationship Analysis of the status and location of neighborhoods in the district 14 were analyzed concerning each indicator. Finally, the normal line of 0.714 was drawn as the final score in all indices, indicating that 12 neighborhoods had a low resilience. Based on the obtained results, the environmental resilience is reduced while moving towards the western and southwest neighborhoods,. This is in harmony with the texture and population density of the region. Therefore, urban planners need to understand the consequences and environmental costs of physical development rather than physical development itself. Today, environmental issues have become one of the most important challenges for urban planners, and unbridled urban development has added to their complexity. Resiliency approach planning can, in all respects, create the capacity to deal with the turbulent future. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the environmental resilience of neighborhoods in the district 14 of Tehran. In principle, 23 neighborhoods have been investigated by selecting five environmental indicators. The five indicators were ranked by 30 urban planning experts through hierarchical analyzes of AHP, and then the Gray Relationship Analysis of the status and location of neighborhoods in the district 14 were analyzed concerning each indicator. Finally, the normal line of 0.714 was drawn as the final score in all indices, indicating that 12 neighborhoods had a low resilience. Based on the obtained results, the environmental resilience is reduced while moving towards the western and southwest neighborhoods,. This is in harmony with the texture and population density of the region. Therefore, urban planners need to understand the consequences and environmental costs of physical development rather than physical development itself. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - Locating the optimal model of urban green space using Fuzzy Logic and AHP,By GIS. Case study: the city of Mashhad
Davod Hatami Zahra Arabi Esmail Rahmani

Today, with respect to the role and importance of urban green space in urban life and its physical stability and effectiveness of urban systems and benefits in different ecological, social and economic, it is undeniable  to use green space per capita in urban areas More

Today, with respect to the role and importance of urban green space in urban life and its physical stability and effectiveness of urban systems and benefits in different ecological, social and economic, it is undeniable  to use green space per capita in urban areas as one of the basic issues in planning and urban management. Urban green space, including land use and distribution that it is important in the Mashhad city, including the cities of the status of green space, is not appropriate; so that based on the findings, the average green space per capita in Mashhad is 5.51, m , while the standard MHUD is 12 square meters per capita . Therefore, it has suggested, there seems to exist a huge gap. However, its spatial distribution is very unbalanced and disproportionate. Green space areas such as Samen with 1.2, square meters and 21 square meters has per capita area of only seven. The method of this study was descriptive-analytic and theoretical-practical. The  nature shows that, contrary to national and international standards for green space, the green space in the city is very low and its spatial distribution in twelve areas in Mashhad, is also facing a severe failure and is not balanced in this regard. In this study for analysis to determine the optimum location of green space model layers required Logic Fuzzy, AHP and means nearest neighbor were used for the operation of the software of ARC / GIS and Expert choice. Five spectra of very good, good, fair, poor and very poor were recognized. Then the act of prioritizing was rendered. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - Desirability study of green space in Yazd city using multi-criteria decision making model
Mohammadreza Zareh Zardeini Mohammad Hassanzadeh Nafooti

10.30495/jonass.2022.1956757.1038

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40 - یک ایده جدید در علوم دامی: نخستین کاربرد مدل AHP در انتخاب بهترین گاو شیری
س. علی‌تنه ح. نعیمی پور م. گل شیخی

سیستمهای پرورش گاو شیری در سراسر جهان با توجه به امکانات و همکاری دیگر بخش‌های مرتبط، در نهایت سعی دارند تا با رفع صحیح مسائل و مشکلات این بخش، انتظارات گسترده و رو به رشد را برآورده نمایند. اما در این خصوص تنوع و تعدد مسائل، مشکلات و از سویی دیگر، به علت وجود محدودیت‌ه More

سیستمهای پرورش گاو شیری در سراسر جهان با توجه به امکانات و همکاری دیگر بخش‌های مرتبط، در نهایت سعی دارند تا با رفع صحیح مسائل و مشکلات این بخش، انتظارات گسترده و رو به رشد را برآورده نمایند. اما در این خصوص تنوع و تعدد مسائل، مشکلات و از سویی دیگر، به علت وجود محدودیت‌های فراوانی نظیر محدودیت‌های زمانی، نیروی انسانی، منابع مالی و غیره قادر به پاسخگویی کامل و همه جانبه نمی باشند. لذا ضرورت بهینه‌سازی توان پاسخگویی سیستم‌های پرورشی از طریق اولویت‌بندی معیارها و برنامه‌ها به عنوان یک چالش جدی و اساسی همواره پیش روی متخصصین و پرورش دهندگان قرار دارد. در این مقاله به معرفی فرآیند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (ahp) به عنوان یکی از روش‌های مشهور تصمیم‌گیری چند شاخصه و نیز چگونگی ترکیب شاخص‌های کمی و کیفی در اولویت‌بندی انتخاب گاوشیری مورد نظر پرداخته شد. این مقاله برای نخستین بار در جهان از طریق مدل ahp و نرم افزار Expert Choice در گاو شیری استفاده گردید. در این مقاله از نظرات کارشناسان برای انتخاب بهترین گاوشیری از میان 10 گاوشیری هلشتاین مورد مطالعه و براساس اهمیت آنها استفاده گردید. گاوهای شیری در این تحقیق همگی 4ساله، دو دوره شیردهی کامل 305 روز و در سومین دوره شیردهی بودند. سپس پرسشنامه‌های کارشناسان جمع‌آوری و به وسیله نرم افزارExpert Choice11.1  آنالیز گردید. در پایان نیز، یک آنالیز حساسیت برای بررسی حساسیت نهایی تصمیمات در قضاوت صورت گرفت. بر اساس نتایج حاصله شاخص‌های میزان تولید شیر، درصد چربی شیر، درصد پروتئین شیر، تعداد سلول‌های سوماتیک شیر و وزن بدن حیوان به ترتیب، با ضرایب اهمیت 437/0، 234/0، 134/0، 090/0 و 104/0 اولویت‌های مدنظر کارشناسان را تشکیل دادند. به علاوه، در این مقاله، با استفاده از نظر متخصصین، انتخاب بهترین گاو شیری از بین 10 گاو شیری مورد بررسی، اولویت‌بندی بر اساس گاوی با ویژگی‌های تولید شیر بالا، درصد چربی شیر مناسب، درصد پروتئین شیر مناسب، تعداد سلول‌های سوماتیک پایین و وزن مناسب بدن تعیین شدند. که به ترتیب، گاوهای A(099/0)، B(101/0)، C(098/0)، D(096/0)، E(095/0)، F(102/0)، G(120/0)، H(073/0)، I(107/0) و J(109/0) دارای بیشترین ارزش کلی بودند. بطوریکه در نهایت، بر اساس روش‌های دلفی و رکوردگیری، همچنین براساس میزان اهمیت صفات، گاو شیری (G) به عنوان گاو شیری مطلوب و مورد تأیید مشخص گردید. بدین ترتیب در آینده روش ahp در علوم دامی بسیار مفید واقع خواهد گردید. Manuscript profile

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41 - Electronic Resources Validation on the Web Using Analytical Hierarchy Process
Mohanna Farzin Zahra Jahanbin

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42 - Site Selection for the Waste Landfills the City of Eyvan-e Gharb ILam Province
azim alishaei fariba hemmati

Introduction: With the growth of population and urbanization, the urban managers are concerned with optimal waste management besides problems such as traffics, various types of pollutions, slums, etc. Nowadays the development of cities, growth of income average and welf More

Introduction: With the growth of population and urbanization, the urban managers are concerned with optimal waste management besides problems such as traffics, various types of pollutions, slums, etc. Nowadays the development of cities, growth of income average and welfare of society, and accelerated social and economic developments in the countries have led to a rapid increase in waste production, and a change in the consumption pattern resulted in a change in the quality of solid waste.Research Aim: Site Selection for the Waste Landfills the City of Eyvan-e Gharb.Methodology: In the present study, the required maps and information were collected from various resources and transformed into data layers to be used in the ArcGIS software environment with respect to the effective factors in site selection. AHP was employed as a decision-making technique due to its prevalent and effective application for assessing the suitability for landfill.Studied Areas: The city of Eyvan location falls at 33° 50' N, 46° 20'.Results: The Criteria for this study are as follows: Land use, soil type and land capability, quality and depth of groundwater, geology, the intensity of rainfall, heights, grading, distance from the city, distance from the village, distance from the fault, distance from the river, distance from the road, distance from power transition lines, distance from well and fountain, distance from protected areas.Conclusion: The most suitable location included 7.98% of the area of the region. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

43 - Improving the Ecological Sustainability by Applying the Appropriate Cultivars of Rice: Using AHP
Hadi Moumeni-Helali Amir Ahmadpour Alireza Poursaeed

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Open Access Article

44 - Comparison Research on Buy- back and Production Sharing Contracts in Upstream projects of Oil and Gas Industry of Iran
Hooshang Momeni Vesalian Hojatolla Ghanimi Fard Mohammad Mahmuodi

Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), this research compares Buy-back and Production Sharing Contracts (PSC) together to find the optimum contractual method in finance and project implementation in oil-upstream section for both independent and Iranian joint fiel More

Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), this research compares Buy-back and Production Sharing Contracts (PSC) together to find the optimum contractual method in finance and project implementation in oil-upstream section for both independent and Iranian joint fields. The most important decision-making criteria for making contracts in upstream section of oil and gas industry are classified to "Before" and "After" contract approval. The criteria were selected by Delphi method. To do this research, two questioners were filled out by professionals in oil industry in two stages and the data was analyzed by EC software. The analysis of data indicates that the PSCs are preferable than Buy-back contracts in both independent fields (76.56) and joint fields (73.46). Manuscript profile

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45 - Development of Operational Strategies for Branding Ferula assa- foetida L. Medicinal Plant (Case study: Rangelands of Kerman Province, Iran)
Mersad Borjoeifar Sedigheh Nabieyan Mohammad Reza Zare Mehrjerdi Amir Saadatfar

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Open Access Article

46 - Portfolio optimization with Fraction of Expectation to Risk of future financial strength based on Eigen Vector of Pairwise Comparisons Matrix
Keikhosro Yakideh Gholamreza Mahfoozi Mahshid Goodarzi

The aim of this study is to propose a new method for portfolio optimization based on financial ratios. In this method, cross efficiency scores are produced from financial ratios, using Data Envelopment Analysis. Mathematical interpretation of these cross efficiency scor More

The aim of this study is to propose a new method for portfolio optimization based on financial ratios. In this method, cross efficiency scores are produced from financial ratios, using Data Envelopment Analysis. Mathematical interpretation of these cross efficiency scores that allocates several score to each company is efficiency of company in probably future situations. Efficiency scores calculated based on proper financial ratios can be considered as financial strength. Thus cross efficiency scores produced from financial ratios, can be considered as potential financial strength. As future is not clear, potential financial strength can be presented in expectation and risk indices that are mean and variance of cross efficiencies. Fraction of expectation to risk for potential financial strengths can be used as a criterion for pairwise comparison of companies. Eigenvector associated with the biggest eigenvalue of pairwise comparison matrix reflects relative importance weights of companies. This paper proposes relative importance weights of companies as a basis for portfolio optimization.  Based on sharp index Performance of proposed method is acceptable and better than marker portfolio and portfolio of one similar method.  Manuscript profile

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47 - Prioritizing the financial components of capital investment in the industrial sector of Lorestan province using Analytical Hierarchy process (AHP)
Mohsen Nazari Farsani Hamid Karamian Ali Moridiyan Pirdoosti

 Industry is not only a conventional path for development,but as one of the results of globalization, it can be an accelerator for development.. In this regard, the industry has caused economic dynamism and vitality in many regions of the world, but it should be ke More

 Industry is not only a conventional path for development,but as one of the results of globalization, it can be an accelerator for development.. In this regard, the industry has caused economic dynamism and vitality in many regions of the world, but it should be kept in mind that accelerated and unplanned development will also have more negative consequences. The financial market of the industry has a significant importance due to the effective role it plays in providing the financial resources and capital needed for investment and development of the industry sector. Therefore, this research was conducted in 2017 using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and by completing 10 questionnaires from the experts of the ministry of industry, mining and trade with the aim of prioritizing the financial components of capital investment in the industrial sector of Lorestan province. The results showed that among the components affecting investment in the industrial sector, attention to the private sector, injecting liquidity into the financial markets, updating financial and credit institutions, creating financial consulting centers, diversification in financial and credit institutions, and super-specialization Financial and credit institutions, respectively, have had the highest degree of importance. The maximum rate of consistency in this research is estimated to be 0.98, which indicates that the level of consistency in judgments is favorable. Therefore, it is suggested to reduce the reliance of investors on the financial resources of banks by providing the financial resources needed by investors through the expansion of financial and stock markets as well as the expansion of active investment companies."                                                         Manuscript profile

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