Semantic Factors: Students’ Sense of Belonging to Outdoor School Spaces

Subject Areas : Urban Design

Bahar Mohammadian ¹ , Abdul-Hamid Ghanbaran ² , Ali Sharghi ³

1 - M.A. in Architecture, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Teheran, Iran.
2 - Assistant Professor, Faculty of Department of Architecture and Urban Design, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Teheran, Iran.
3 - Assistant Professor, Faculty of Department of Architecture and Urban Design, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University , Teheran, Iran.

Received: 2015-05-25 Accepted : 2016-04-20 Published : 2016-12-12

Keywords:

References:

Altman, I. (1976). Environmental psychology and social psychology. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2(2), 96-113.  

Anderman, E. M. (2002). School effects on psychological outcomes during adolescence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94(4), 795.          

Aziz, N. F., & Said, I. (2012). The Trends and Influential Factors of Children's Use of Outdoor Environments: A Review. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 38, 204-212.      

Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological bulletin, 117(3), 497.         

Bentley, I. (1985). Responsive environments: Routledge.

Capps, M. A. (2003). Characteristics of a sense of belonging and its relationship to academic achievement of students in selected middle schools in Region IV and VI educational service centers, Texas. Texas A&M University.      

Cresswell, T. (2004). Place: Blackwell Pub.

Falahat, M. (2005). The role of physical design in mosque's sense of space HONAR-HA-YE-ZIBA(22), 35-42.            

Falahat, M. (2006). The sense of space and its factors HONAR-HA-YE-ZIBA(26), 57-66.     

Forman, E., & Selly, M. A. (1996). Decision by objectives. McLean, VA: Author.     

Goodenow, C., & Grady, K. E. (1993). The relationship of school belonging and friends' values to academic motivation among urban adolescent students. The Journal of Experimental Education, 62(1), 60-71.            

Gustafson, P. (2001). Meanings of place: Everyday experience and theoretical conceptualizations. Journal of environmental psychology, 21(1), 5-16.        

Javan, F. A., & Motalebi, G. (2011). The concept of place attachment and its elements HOVIATESHAHR 4(8), 27-37.

Jones, R. C. (2009). Sense of belonging and its relationship with quality of life and symptom distress among undergraduate college students. Oklahoma State University.         

Lavasani, S. M. (2013). An anthropological approach into the culture of slum living and students’ educational status. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(1), 705-708.   

McAndrew, F. T. (1993). Environmental psychology: Thomson Brooks/Cole.

Pakzad, J., & Bozorg, H. (2012). ABC of Environmental psychology for Designer. tehran: Armanshahr.

Pirbabaei, M., & Sajjadzadeh, H. (2011). Group belonging to Place, Realization of Social Residence, in Traditional Neighborhood. BAGH-I-NAZAR, 8(16), 17-28.    

Pittman, L. D., & Richmond, A. (2007). Academic and psychological functioning in late adolescence: The importance of school belonging. The Journal of Experimental Education, 75(4), 270-290.

Pormand, h., Mahmoudinezhad, h., & Ranjazmaiazary , m. (2011). The meaning of place and subjective imagination in urban studies from the perspective of Chrisen Schultz in phnomenological approach Urban Managment, 8(26), 79-92.     

Prince, E. J., & Hadwin, J. (2013). The role of a sense of school belonging in understanding the effectiveness of inclusion of children with special educational needs. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 17(3), 238-262.          

Seamon, D., & Sowers, J. (2008). Place and Placelessness (1976): Edward Relph. Key texts in human geography, 43-52.

Shamsuddin, S., Bahauddin, H., & Aziz, N. A. (2012). Relationship between the Outdoor Physical Environment and Student's Social Behaviour in Urban Secondary School. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 50, 148-160.   

Sharghi, A. (2011). Effects of university campus landscapes on learning quality of student (functional analysis of attention restoration theory). BAGH-I-NAZAR, 8(18), 51-61.       

Tanner, C. K. (2009). Effects of school design on student outcomes. Journal of Educational Administration, 47(3), 381-399.