Allusion

Open Access Article

1 - A Study on Apparent Conception from Religious Concepts in Shamloo and Qabbani's Poetries
Abdolkarim Albooqabish Mohammad Javad Ismael Qanemi Masoud abbasi Aram

Poetry is an arena for thoughts and dreams. Imageries play the most important role; terms and phrases go beyond the apparent meanings which understanding (them) needs being familiar with figures of speech and the poet's character. Some poetries by two mentioned poets ar More

Poetry is an arena for thoughts and dreams. Imageries play the most important role; terms and phrases go beyond the apparent meanings which understanding (them) needs being familiar with figures of speech and the poet's character. Some poetries by two mentioned poets are represented in polytheism wich need to be surveyed and studied. The present article creates a subject – based group of Ahmad Shamloo and Nizar Tawfiq Qabbani (with common concepts and meanings) in six categories including same status for God and human being, application of Divine adjectives for others, ignorance of destiny and fate, ignorance of Doom's Day, ignorance of patience and Jesus Crucifixion. Manuscript profile

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  In fact since the popular culture and unwritten literature are known as part of a social capital of any society which their application in different programs would strengthen the social capital as well as tie – ups. The present research studies the popular More

  In fact since the popular culture and unwritten literature are known as part of a social capital of any society which their application in different programs would strengthen the social capital as well as tie – ups. The present research studies the popular culture language in Iran and Iraq briefly. The mentioned literature may be a suitable channel to relate the audience and can attract today's target addressees who are the satellite and computers generations. Thus studying and revising the popular literature from sociology's view point is a need. This study has been done based on a Statistical population of 384 (quantitative) and academic population (qualitative) in Iran and Iraq and data collection method. The results show that the language of popular culture would affect the Media. The relationship between media and popular culture in Iran and Iraq is the same as other societies in the world which is one of the most important cultural, political, social and economic issues.     Manuscript profile

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3 - Comparative Study of Terms in Molana, Sanaei and Attar Sample Poetries
Nahid Safari Hakvani Hamid Samsaam Ahmad Reza Keykha Farzaneh

To claim there are no other poets but Hafez and Molanaa who are all Iranian families, various classes of society, literate and illiterate, common and jurist, king and dervish’s favorite (poets) is not wrong. Words are keys to enter poets’ world and manifest More

To claim there are no other poets but Hafez and Molanaa who are all Iranian families, various classes of society, literate and illiterate, common and jurist, king and dervish’s favorite (poets) is not wrong. Words are keys to enter poets’ world and manifest in various forms such as syntax, expression, announcement, allusion and figurative applications. In spite of having remarkable importance in understanding poetry, words are not compiled systematically in a single book via considering principles yet. The present article is the first attempt in this regard and the method is librarian, by taking notes and referring to reliable interpretations, new and old dictionaries. The outstanding characteristic of the research is the couplet – based form of the words and phrases; which means that target is not to compile a dictionary, but the main aim is to solve Molana’s “Mathnavi” problems of his first Book. According to abovementioned note, the meaning of the couplet is chosen – amongst various and different meanings of a single term or word – which is appropriate for it. Manuscript profile

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4 - The Influence of Holy Quran on Shams Maghrebi
Ismael Azar

The comprehensive researches on the filed of mystiscism literature show that Sufi poets and authors' works of art are strongly influenced by verses and prophethic traditions. Theosophy and mysticism which are based on love, joy, excitement, exultation and expressing the More

The comprehensive researches on the filed of mystiscism literature show that Sufi poets and authors' works of art are strongly influenced by verses and prophethic traditions. Theosophy and mysticism which are based on love, joy, excitement, exultation and expressing the Quran mysteries and Hadiths, are automatically susceptible to be affected by Quranic verses. Sufis' beliefs in Quranic verses paraphrase caused stylistic formation in Persian poetry and literature which made a path through the enterance of Quranic verses of other Persian poets. Shams Maghrebi – nineth century Sufi and poet – amongst all is a good sample for showing this affection and its different methods by Quran's origin in his concepts and lexicon. Manuscript profile

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5 - Quranic Indicators: Quotation Title and Allusion in Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya
Fatemeh Sharifzadeh Yazdi Mohammad Jannati Far

The present paper intends to study "the common motifs of Quran and Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya" in order to attain the accuracy of the mentioned book. The relationship between Quran and Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya is in their content. By Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya references to Qu More

The present paper intends to study "the common motifs of Quran and Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya" in order to attain the accuracy of the mentioned book. The relationship between Quran and Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya is in their content. By Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya references to Quran, various indications, allusions and Quranic quotation titles can be seen which validates Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya by these commonalities. The unity between Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya and Holy Quran is so unique which this article points out some of them. A repot of quotation titles, allusions and content relationships between Quran and Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya has been offered in this paper which the researchers could refer to it for other interpretations and citations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Verse interpretations of the Qur'an in Persian literature
AHMAD REZA yalmeha

Abstract The revelation of the Quran has ever since a huge impact on the minds and tongues of poets and writers in Persian literature.  Scholars and poets of the Persian language, in many of the themes and concepts have adduced the Quran and Quranic teachings, an More

Abstract The revelation of the Quran has ever since a huge impact on the minds and tongues of poets and writers in Persian literature.  Scholars and poets of the Persian language, in many of the themes and concepts have adduced the Quran and Quranic teachings, and they tried to incorporate parts of the verses and Suras from the Quran through allusions, embodiment, and quotations. In addition, some of the poets attempted to translate or interpret the verse or verses from the Koran into Persian poems. And so they have tried to make it easy to understand the Holy Quran. This study aims to present a brief introduction to the interpretations of the Quranic verses in Persian literature and rhymed interpretations of the Surat of Yusuf, and to introduce a version of interpretation of the Surat of Yusuf which value is unknown. This interpretation is in the Persian poetry and its poet is Seyyed Morteza Dezfuli who chose “Raji” as the pseudonym. With the number of verses it is the longest interpretation that explains and interprets every single verse in the Quran and it’s of the valuable commentaries in Persian literature Manuscript profile

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7 - Manifestation of Image Norm – Deviation in Imam Ali Words(Case Study: Nahj Al Balaghah)
Fatemeh Pasandian Mohammad Jannatifar Mohammad Ma’soumi

Nahj Al Balaghah is one of the religious books involves various and incredible rhetorical forms and its literary value attracts scholars’ attentions. It is also manifests image norm – deviations and presents Imam’s dreaming power to apply words’ More

Nahj Al Balaghah is one of the religious books involves various and incredible rhetorical forms and its literary value attracts scholars’ attentions. It is also manifests image norm – deviations and presents Imam’s dreaming power to apply words’ potential capability to express purpose. In fact He enjoys the mentioned technique ti increase semantics. This article is an attempt to study one of the contemporary literary criticism phenomena in Imam Ali words. Norm – deviation in lingual sciences and methodology is studied which means breaking common habits in normal language and deviation of rules. One type is image norm – deviation which studies verbal forms references in their various forms. At the end of the research it would be distinguished that Imam Ali could enjoy image norm – deviation in innovation and speech embellishment properly. Manuscript profile

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8 - Tricks of influencing Seyed Hassan Hosseini from the Holy Quran
Hasan Ghasemzadeebeli Khodabakhsh Asadollahi Mohammadreza Shad Menamen

10.30495/dk.2022.1946541.2371

The study of literary works in terms of influence is an approach to intertextual discovery and cognition; Cognition that reveals the prominence of the artist's style, and context. Seyyed Hassan Hosseini's various uses of the Holy Quran indicate his familiarity with vari More

The study of literary works in terms of influence is an approach to intertextual discovery and cognition; Cognition that reveals the prominence of the artist's style, and context. Seyyed Hassan Hosseini's various uses of the Holy Quran indicate his familiarity with various techniques of influence. Hosseini in the use of the Holy Quran, in addition to being influenced by various techniques, has innovation and intellectual cohesion, and word formation and bringing new combinations are among the prominent features of Quranic poems. Hosseini has enriched it with innovation in language, and has given it a new meaning by using familiar words in a new dimension of sentence structure. Words and phrases in Hosseini's poetry are considered as a tool for expressing thought and his goal is to induce transcendent concepts; Consequently, the use of the Holy Qur'an, in addition to its artistic and rhetorical aspect, in order to prove the belief, to express the inner state, is to sanctify one's poem. Hosseini has benefited the most from the implicit impact. Manuscript profile

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9 - Manifestation of Quran and Hadith in Saadatnameh of Sheikh Mahmoud Shabestari
Hamid Edalatfar Sayyed Mohsen Sajedi Rad Mohammad Ali Atash Soda

10.30495/dk.2021.1919832.2181

Masnavi Golshan Raz is the most important and famous work of poetry by Sheikh Mahmoud Shabestari, which contains his mystical thoughts. Despite its small size, this book is one of the most valuable relics of ancient Persian mystical literature, in which the expression o More

Masnavi Golshan Raz is the most important and famous work of poetry by Sheikh Mahmoud Shabestari, which contains his mystical thoughts. Despite its small size, this book is one of the most valuable relics of ancient Persian mystical literature, in which the expression of Sufi concepts is accompanied by passion and enthusiasm. Shabestari composed this Masnavi in response to the questions of Amir Hossein Heravi. Shabestari composed this Masnavi in response to the questions of Amir Hossein Heravi. On the 17th of Shawwal, 717 AH, an envoy from Khorasan quotes problems and issues related to understanding and explaining some of the mysteries of mystical allusions in the form of poetic letters in a meeting with Shabestari, in which Shabestari has responded. Golshan-e-Raz's poem has the beauty of words and expressions, it is based on reason and wisdom more than it originates from imagination. In fact, the contents of this poem are a summary of the conquests of Mecca and even Ibn Arabi's Fusus. The degree of familiarity and mastery of Sheikh Mahmoud Shabestari, the great mystic, over the Qur'an and hadiths to some extent in expressing his mystical secrets in the form of guarantee, he uses allusions to the verses of the Holy Quran and the hadiths of the Prophet to prove his views. Blessed and noble hadiths. This article tries to show the rhetorical effect of literary techniques and lexical effectiveness on the use of the Qur'an and Hadith in a (descriptive-analytical) method. Page and bit number. Manuscript profile

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10 - Research on allusions of Shahname in Historical part
Hadi Khadivar Moluk Shafiee Aghdam

khj

khj Manuscript profile

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11 - Analysis Of The Allusion s Structur FromPoint of Linguistics
Ali Razzaghi Shani

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12 - Critic of Allusion Definition In (Arabic And Persian)
Ali Razzaghi Shani

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13 - Study of the Image of Holy Messenger (PUH) as Depicted in Khajouye Kermani’s Collection of Poems
Ali Mohammad Moazzeni Shahin Khakbaz

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14 - Koranic Allusions in Khaqani's Second Odes
Abbas Mahyar Ataollah koupal Fereydoun Koureeei

  Khaqani (520-595 A.H.) a famous Persian poet has precious odes (qasideh) and meaningful,  complicated poems and is  considered  as an outstanding poet  in Azarbayjani  style during  6th century. His poems are full of scientific subj More

  Khaqani (520-595 A.H.) a famous Persian poet has precious odes (qasideh) and meaningful,  complicated poems and is  considered  as an outstanding poet  in Azarbayjani  style during  6th century. His poems are full of scientific subjects, religious terms, and can be considered as an encyclopedia of Koranic education and hadith (the words and deeds of prophets and Imams). His mastery in various sciences and application of them in his poems in addition to his creative mind has made his works  more complicated .He includes plenty of  piousness and moral  terms in his poems by using ahadis and the verses of Koran . Undoubtedly mastering Koran and explicating it is a key to solve the complexity of this magic poet.This article studies  how he has used  Koran  and divine meanings  in the second odes  of khaqani. It should be mentioned that a brief explanation about  the poet,  his relationship  with Koran and an introduction to the second  odes  are given. Manuscript profile

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15 - The role of mystical allusions in the Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi (based on the narrative allegories of books 4, 5 and 6)
Ehsan Ansari mehdi Mahouzi Seyedeh Mandana Hashemi Isfahan

In Masnavi, Rumi has repeatedly tried to enlighten the minds of his audience to epistemological issues with mystical allusions, and by mentioning allegory and storytelling, he has raised the perceptual level of the companions and companions of Masnavi. By delving into t More

In Masnavi, Rumi has repeatedly tried to enlighten the minds of his audience to epistemological issues with mystical allusions, and by mentioning allegory and storytelling, he has raised the perceptual level of the companions and companions of Masnavi. By delving into the narrative allegories of Masnavi, one can find and hide mystical hints that their reflection and semantic expansion at the narrative levels, ultimately paves the way for unity and oneness in Masnavi. This unifying attitude and effect on mystical allusions has escaped the scrutiny of many scholars and narrators. This research has been written by library and descriptive study method and tries to show the role of Rumi's mystical allusions in the processing of narrative allegories based on the narratives of the fourth, fifth and sixth books of the spiritual Masnavi. In this research, by deepening and using the narrative allegories of Masnavi, the relationship between superstructure and depth of allegories as well as the method of processing mystical materials in four types (allusions, themes, examples and internal stories) was revealed. Finally, the role of mystical allusions in two levels of narrative allegory (superstructure and deep construction) entitled "symbol", "guidebook" and also the semantic connection between narrative levels were examined. Familiarity with the method of processing mystical material and examining the semantic link at narrative levels is one of the research results of the present article. This research can be considered as a step towards understanding the structure and content of Masnavi narrative allegories. Manuscript profile

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16 - Investigating the epical and mythical allegories in M.Omid’s Nimayee poems
mehran aalivand

In this article the used epical and mythical allegoriesin Mehdi Akhavan Sales Nimayee poems and and the ends and manners of application. The aim of this research, is to known that the poet how to use them in his poems, and these epical and mythical allegorieshow to effe More

In this article the used epical and mythical allegoriesin Mehdi Akhavan Sales Nimayee poems and and the ends and manners of application. The aim of this research, is to known that the poet how to use them in his poems, and these epical and mythical allegorieshow to effect in poet’s meaning development. To this extent, the authors have investigated these mythical concepts and epical allegoriesin three parts as Iranian epical and mythical allegories, Islamic indicating and western allusions. That in the meantime, the Iranian myths are more using than others. This epical and mythical allegories are used with different ends in Akhavan’s poems. He use them for explain the social events and human concepts in his age. In the other hand, using of these mythical concepts and epical allegorieshave foreground his literal language and statement and add it’s suggestion and power of effect. Manuscript profile

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17 - Analysis Of Some Mystical Narratives and Allusions in Shahriyars Poetry
Hossein Arian Tooraj Aqdayee Jalil Tajlil Seyyed Ali Mohammad Sajjadi

Shahriyar, though a happy poet with a host of satire and joy found in his poetry, is a human being in a more profound analysis who is sensitive and considerate but introvert and sorrowful, which cause him to think mystically and to embody the experiences gained out of t More

Shahriyar, though a happy poet with a host of satire and joy found in his poetry, is a human being in a more profound analysis who is sensitive and considerate but introvert and sorrowful, which cause him to think mystically and to embody the experiences gained out of the moments into poetic language. The present paper aims to explore some signs of Shahriyar's perception in his poetic allusions and try to show that it is out of his excursion through love and sorrow and music sound and pondering over mystics' thoughts that he steps into this area, and even without being aware, he gains unconventional findings under the domain of personal and collective unconsciousness.The thoughts emitting mystical odor where the subject of love persists are felt in Shahriyar's works. Therefore, it could be told that "love" is a dominating element that uplifts him into the heaven and his overall allusions are typically dependent on love. Manuscript profile

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18 - The Analysis Of mystical Allusions In Divan-e- Salman-e-Saveji
Mohammad taghi Ghandi Jalil Tajlil

.An analytic Study through the Divan-e- Salman-e- Saveji reveals the fact that in love mysticism, he is greetely influenced by the distinguished figures such as Ibn-e- Arabi, Moulavi and Hafez. Going through his poems, the presence of mysticism in various forms is vivid More

.An analytic Study through the Divan-e- Salman-e- Saveji reveals the fact that in love mysticism, he is greetely influenced by the distinguished figures such as Ibn-e- Arabi, Moulavi and Hafez. Going through his poems, the presence of mysticism in various forms is vividly understood. Like his sonnets, the odes, written to give his compliments to those who have been admired by him however, is full of mystical lessons. Beauties and affections have been so highlited in Salman’s poems that they can be valued the same as masterpices left by Hafez and Sa’di. Salman is one of the followers of pantheism and illumination. His poems are characterized to be against hypocritical asceticism, but in favor of roguishness. Love and pantheism have been known to be the main themes of his poems and the core of his allusions. From his joyful point of view, the reality of life can be found in true love. In the appraisal sonnets and odes, a mixture of romantic deep feelings and a mystical look upon the universe, forms Salman’s attitude and life style. From this aspect, Salman has inherited his ancestors’ mystical tradition and pantheism. Manuscript profile

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19 - بررسی ترجمه تلمیحات اسامی خاص در بوستان سعدی
Valeh Jalali

10.30495/jntell.2022.695398

در آثار مختلف شاعران، اعتقادات مذهبی قابل تشخیص هستند. نقش و اهمیت آیههای قرآنی در بوستان سعدی به وضوح آشکار است و نشان میدهد که روح و روان سعدی با آنها درآمیخته شده است. یکی از صناعات ادبی در بوستان، تلمیح است که مبتنی بر شبیهسازی و تناسب و در ارتباط با موضوع موردنظر م More

در آثار مختلف شاعران، اعتقادات مذهبی قابل تشخیص هستند. نقش و اهمیت آیههای قرآنی در بوستان سعدی به وضوح آشکار است و نشان میدهد که روح و روان سعدی با آنها درآمیخته شده است. یکی از صناعات ادبی در بوستان، تلمیح است که مبتنی بر شبیهسازی و تناسب و در ارتباط با موضوع موردنظر میباشد. روش بیان او ساده است، و خوانندهی آگاه باید توانایی رمزگشایی آن را داشته باشد تا معنی آن کلمه یا عبارت را به درستی درک کند. بنابراین، آنچه که یک اثر را به اثر ادبی ماندگار تبدیل میکند تفکر عمیقی است که در آن پنهان است و این همان، تفکر یک شاعر ملت است که جهانبینی را تشکیل میدهد. افزون بر این، هدف سعدی  نسبت به کاربرد تلمیح در اشعارش تنها محدود به بیان وقایع نیست، بلکه هدف او این است تا این افکار متعالی  را بیان کند که به اخلاق و معرفت اشاره دارند. در این رساله، تلمیح های اسم خاص، مشخص شده و شیوه ترجمه آنها بررسی شده است.   Manuscript profile

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20 - study andalysis of allusion in saeb tabrizis poems
mohammadvali mardani roqayeh rezaei hesam ziaee

Saeb tabrizi as a representative of a style that is known for it’s novelty,new style and innovation, is one of the most prominent lyrics poets in Iran,which is located between two main currents of the Indian style: from the end of the tenth century Persian poetry More

Saeb tabrizi as a representative of a style that is known for it’s novelty,new style and innovation, is one of the most prominent lyrics poets in Iran,which is located between two main currents of the Indian style: from the end of the tenth century Persian poetry to an enigmatic difficulty.It turns out of the most poetic themes are the result of linguistic manipulation and aberrations that are achieved through trying to discover new relationship.Hint, like other literary industries, can play a prominent role in arousing emotions and the inductive and imaginative power of speech, provided that it enjoys strong artistic themes. In the Indian style, the use of allusion has a high frequency compared to other literary techniques due to its special style. In the meanwhile, the longing for themes and the hunting of narrow and astonishing themes cause Saeb to use allusions and gestures far more than others. Saeb often uses allusion as a tool to create his themes, regardless of any depth and high human ideas and thoughts, for various subjects, especially the ontological system. Manuscript profile

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21 - Examining religious-Islamic allusions of Shams al-Din Kashani in the system of Shahnameh of chanizi
seyed mohsen gamalizadeh Seyed Mohsen Jamalizadeh Majid Hajizadeh Askari

Abstract Allusion is one of the literary arts that poets have been using for a long time in order to make their work attractive and authentic. Allusion means referring to stories, verses, traditions, etc . in poetry, if the reader can understand These hints should reach More

Abstract Allusion is one of the literary arts that poets have been using for a long time in order to make their work attractive and authentic. Allusion means referring to stories, verses, traditions, etc . in poetry, if the reader can understand These hints should reach the knowledge of these stories, verses, narrations, etc . Otherwise, the poem will appear meaningless and meaningless in the eyes of the reader . One of these poets is Shams-al-Din-Kashani poet of the Mughal era, who, due to the religious conditions of that era, used Islamic allusions in his work, the Changizi Shahnameh . Shams-al-Din-Kashani . The research method is a library and analytical-descriptive method . The results of the research showed that Shams-al-Din-Kashani used religious - Islamic allusions, i.e. verses, narratives and stories, cleverly and expertly . This art is profitable in its own work, which indicates the religious-Islamic beliefs of the poet . Manuscript profile

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22 - Studying allusion in the poems of seyyed Ali Musavi Garmarudi & Mohammad Ali Moallem Damqani
zahra abazari vajiheh torkamani

Allusion is one of literary industries that persian literature poets have continuously paid attention to it in in their own works from long time ago. Among contemporary poets, Musari Garmarudi & Moallem Damqani are those poets who have used different allusions in th More

Allusion is one of literary industries that persian literature poets have continuously paid attention to it in in their own works from long time ago. Among contemporary poets, Musari Garmarudi & Moallem Damqani are those poets who have used different allusions in their poems. The purpose of these poets is sometimes the narration of historical and religious stories and some other times they have tried to indicate their own ideas and thoughts in poem form indirectly through using allusion. Although the use of allusion by those poets is religious or based on mythology, apparently, they inspire a lot of political concepts to their readers through poem form, and it is the same artistic reflex of allusion. These poets using allusion in revolutionary, religious and holy defence poems forms have grafted ancient events to their own time events. In fact, it can be said that their main purpose is to change poem to an information source for contemporary people. The findings of this research wich have been obtained based on library and document ways, through descriptive investigation method, indicate that the percentage that Musavi Garmarudi has used allusion in his poems is higher. He has used allusion in his poems about 56/43% but Mo᾽allem Damqani has used allusion about 43/57% .Among all  used allusions in their works, it can be stated that 77/61%  are religious, 2/4% are based on Koran, 9/24% are literary, 6/84% are historical and 3/91% are mythological  ones, that the religious allusions have had the most percentage of use in the poems of these two  poets. Also, allusion to the prophet Moses with 9/07% in the poems of Musavi Garmarudi and allusion to the holy prophet Mohammad (p.u.h), with 12/21% in the poems of Moallem Damqani have had the most use, repetition and frequency in comparison with other personalities or titles. Manuscript profile

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23 - Theme Creations of Shīrku Bīkas by the Allusion into the Prophets Story
mohammad irani samira kanani

The stories about the prophets by no attention into the conscience and ritual difference have been attracted for the difference-nation-poets. Reflecting this stories wasn't far from kurdish poets. . Shīrku bīkas is one of the biggets poets of kurdish literature in the c More

The stories about the prophets by no attention into the conscience and ritual difference have been attracted for the difference-nation-poets. Reflecting this stories wasn't far from kurdish poets. . Shīrku bīkas is one of the biggets poets of kurdish literature in the current age and he -by utilication from prophets story- had notice to say the meanings and other destinations like political censure social difficulties and problems ethnic difficulties and kurds ethnic popular struggle. Shīrku- by using his artistic imagination- finds some shares between his items and prophets events and then according to his words he points the prophets life events and then he finds artistic connection between himself, his homeland, his history, his homeland events and prophets life. We, the writers of this essay, have tried to peruse the reflection of prophets visage analytically and descriptively in the shīrku bīkas poets and check the heterologies in how to represent the prophets try with rebuild the allusions and creat the political social themes in this well-known poets poem. The conclusions of this research shows that this famous kurdish literature poet, in allusion to the prophets story, doesn’t have any idea about the prophets religious and creedy belief event but his oppinion is to saying his homeland political and social meanings on the cover of literary images and arts. Therefore, he can be counted as an under taking poet that he had used his poet for reflecting the nation and ethnic difficulties. Manuscript profile

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24 - The role of Palm tree analysis in proverbs & metonymies of Jahrom
Fatemeh Taslim jahromi

10.30495/irll.2021.682493

Folk literature is rooted in the indigenous traditions and cultures of each region. Jahrom is located in the southeast of Fars, and the tourists in the past called this city "palm forest", which means many groves in this city. Palm and its related matters have a special More

Folk literature is rooted in the indigenous traditions and cultures of each region. Jahrom is located in the southeast of Fars, and the tourists in the past called this city "palm forest", which means many groves in this city. Palm and its related matters have a special role in the popular and oral literature of this city and it has been included in the traditions, customs, beliefs and convictions of the people. This article used descriptive-analytical method to analyze the position and importance of this tree in one of the aspects of the oral literature of Jahrom’s people, i.e. allusions and proverbs, and it has given various examples of it. The allusions, proverbs, and parables of the palm and its components and related matters are not different from other uses of Persian proverbs and allusions in terms of semantic and practical purposes, in addition to the moral and educational aspects; moreover, they are sometimes comparable. Lexically, these celebrities are usually assigned to the city of Jahrom due to the use of local words. The variety of local words related to palm and palm caring in these examples is noteworthy. Manuscript profile

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25 - Artistic Symmetry in two axes of connotation and substitution in GHEYSAR AMINPOUR'S poetry
abbasali Vafaei zahra Ali Noori

Creativity and innovation in different languages and literary genres cause the transforming of speech and placing of it in a higher position. Investigation of styles of poets and the characteristic manifestations result in careful cognition of poetry. GHEYSAR AMINPOUR i More

Creativity and innovation in different languages and literary genres cause the transforming of speech and placing of it in a higher position. Investigation of styles of poets and the characteristic manifestations result in careful cognition of poetry. GHEYSAR AMINPOUR is well known for creativity in his poems. Poetry talent along with university education gave him a power to select words and combine them in such a way to create new combinations. He has a special technique in playing with words especially in pun, allusion, and literary devices. He used allusion devices to create new combination and this innovation can be seen throughout his literary works. The aim of this article is to recognize the new combination of words especially those that are very prominent. For carrying this investigation, five poetry notebooks; namely, AYNEHAI NAGAHAN, GOLHA HAME AFTABGARDANAND, TANAFOS SOBH, DAR KOCHE AFTAB, and DASTORE ZABANE ESHGH have been investigated. Manuscript profile

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26 - Bidel Dehlavi and Iranian Myths
محمد حکیم آذر

  The 11th century A. H. is regarded as the age of decline in Iranian myths. In this century, Safavids established a new state in Iran based on shi’ism and Iranian identity. Yet, the mythological elements of Iranian identity were missing in their scheme; and More

  The 11th century A. H. is regarded as the age of decline in Iranian myths. In this century, Safavids established a new state in Iran based on shi’ism and Iranian identity. Yet, the mythological elements of Iranian identity were missing in their scheme; and the national myths played no role in that identity formation. Employing this view, the present article tries to examine the poems of Bidel Dehlavi, the prominent poet of Indian school of poetry in Persian language, from mythological point of view.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Deviation from Norms in Saéb Tabrizi’s Poetry
mohamad hakim azar

    Saeb Tabrizi has dual look at the character of Khidr. Sometimes he is in line with literary tradition and confirms the character of this prophet. And yet at other times while considering himself free from “water of immortality” and “et More

    Saeb Tabrizi has dual look at the character of Khidr. Sometimes he is in line with literary tradition and confirms the character of this prophet. And yet at other times while considering himself free from “water of immortality” and “eternal life”, rejects what Khidr stands for. This view has had profound impact on Islamic mysticism. The present article is to take this dual look in Saéb Tabrizi’s poems into consideration.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Abstract The mathnawi of Golshan Raz is the most well-known versified work of Sheikh Mahmood Shabestari which encompasses his mystical thoughts. Though not so voluminous, this book is one of the most valuable monuments of literary mystical works in which the Sufi implications have been enthusiastically talked about. Shabestari has composed this mathnawi in answer to Amir Hossein Heravi's questions. The versified story of " The Golshan Raz
Hamid Adalat Far Seyyed Mohsen Sajedi Rad Mohammad Ali Atash Sowda

Abstract         The mathnawi of Golshan Raz is the most well-known versified work of Sheikh Mahmood Shabestari which encompasses his mystical thoughts. Though not so voluminous, this book is one of the most valuable monuments of lite More

Abstract         The mathnawi of Golshan Raz is the most well-known versified work of Sheikh Mahmood Shabestari which encompasses his mystical thoughts. Though not so voluminous, this book is one of the most valuable monuments of literary mystical works in which the Sufi implications have been enthusiastically talked about. Shabestari has composed this mathnawi in answer to Amir Hossein Heravi's questions. The versified story of " The Golshan Raz " has the beauty of expression; it is more based on wisdom than imagery. In fact the content of this book is in short about the conquer of Mecca and some narratives from Ibn Arabi. The extension of Shabestari's familiarity in the Qur'an and traditions was so high that he uses them in the mold of allusion and simile in expressing the secrets of mysticism to prove his tenets. This article which is written in descriptive-analytic method, tries to demonstrate the impact of eloquence and its affectability in taking advantage of The Holy Qur'an and traditions. The distiches used here have been taken from the book written by Kazem Dezfulian and the numbers are applied according to the number of the page and the lines of the poems. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - The Surveying, Rewriting and recreating the Mythological – Historical Allusions of Pre-Islamic era in Khagani and the Five Treasures of Nezami
Maliheh Motaghayyer Atta Radmanesh Morteza Rashidi Ashjerdi

Abstract           Nezami and Khagani, the two distinguished poets in Azarbaijani style, and because of the willingness of the praised ones ( prominent rulers ) to the historical and mythological kings and their own personal More

Abstract           Nezami and Khagani, the two distinguished poets in Azarbaijani style, and because of the willingness of the praised ones ( prominent rulers ) to the historical and mythological kings and their own personal fondness to the ancient Persian stories , have used the Iranian historical and mythological allusions before the Islamic era  in their poetry. In this essay, to show the details of the issue, we have studied and analyzed the way the Persian mythological and historical allusions before Islam used in the works of Khagani and the five treasures ( Khamseh ) of Nezami and comparing their manipulations in the allusions. The writers of this essay which has been done in descriptive-analytic method have defined that Khagani, by his special art which has created in the mold of compounds and aesthetics in the themes of the stitches, has rewritten in seven occasions in the allusions of his book of poetry ( diwan ); on the other hand Nezami has also done a kind of recreation in the story of The Shirin and Farhad and The Bahram Goor in the works which had been written before him. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Sa’eb, Companion of Silent Haven
Rajab Towhidian Azizeh khan chubani Aharnejani

Silence and speaking to the point are among the themes which have long been considered throughout the vast instructive mystical literature.  The importance and the standpoint of silence in the domain of Persian literature from the past till present have been to suc More

Silence and speaking to the point are among the themes which have long been considered throughout the vast instructive mystical literature.  The importance and the standpoint of silence in the domain of Persian literature from the past till present have been to such an extent that it has determined the life and the death of individuals, and have entailed their welfare or damnation.  Poet and the prominent literary figure of Hindi style (Isfahani), Sa’eb Tabrizi relying upon the ideas and mystical thoughts of Moulana regarding silence and its three kinds such as (silent tongue and speaking mind, silent tongue and mind, silent mind and speaking tongue) and upon making use of poetic imageries such as allegorical simile and allusion in his divan, appropriately called “Khamoushi Nameh” could well fulfill his mission as a poet and master towards his own people and future generations.  This article deals with silence along with presenting evidence from other poets. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Investigating Irony and its kinds in Nafsat al Masdour
Mohammad Sadeghi

Nafsat al Masdour is a historical literary book, compiled by Mohammad Zydari Nassavi, Secretary of Sultan Jallaludin Kharazmshah, written in a superficial and embellished prose in the first half of the seventh century. And the late Dr A. H. Yazdgherdi wrote a commentary More

Nafsat al Masdour is a historical literary book, compiled by Mohammad Zydari Nassavi, Secretary of Sultan Jallaludin Kharazmshah, written in a superficial and embellished prose in the first half of the seventh century. And the late Dr A. H. Yazdgherdi wrote a commentary on it and corrected it.  Irony is one of the literary devices in the Persian Literature, and ever since antiquity it fascinated many rhetoricians. In this article the definition of irony is looked into, and its different forms is explored and exemplified according to the ancients, then its diverse forms in the order of occurrence is dealt with. یکی از صُوَر (شکل) پویای خیال در ادب پارسی است که دانشمندان علم بیان از دیر زمان تاکنون بدان اقبال نمودهاند.   در این مقاله، پژوهنده تعریف کنایه را مورد مداقّه قرار داده، سپس انواع آن را از نظر قدما بیان نموده و برای هر کدام به ذکر چند مثال بسنده کرده است. آنگاه به بازجُستِ اقسام کنایه به ترتیب بسامد پرداخته است. Manuscript profile

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