List of Articles Acinetobacter

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  1 - Detection the effect of Thymus vulgaris essential oils and Zno nanoparticle on multi drug resistance acinetobacter baumannii
  Fatemeh Noorbakhsh Mozhgan Alikahi Maasuomeh Mahdavi Ourtakand
  Abstract Introduction: Many valuable drugs have now lost their effect on Acinetobacter baumannii, and the drug resistance of A. baumannii is a major cause of failure in the treatment of hospital infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Thymus v More

  Abstract Introduction: Many valuable drugs have now lost their effect on Acinetobacter baumannii, and the drug resistance of A. baumannii is a major cause of failure in the treatment of hospital infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Thymus vulgaris essential oil and ZnO nanoparticles on multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 46 strains of A. baumannii isolated from clinical samples of patients at Tehran Heart Hospital. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined by disk diffusion method according to CLSI 2018 standard. Micro-dilution broth test was then performed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for amikacin, ciprofloxacin , imipenem antibiotics, T. vulgaris essential oil and ZnO nanoparticles. Results: Based on the results of disk diffusion sensitivity tests, it was found that the highest resistance to imipenem and ciprofloxacin antibiotics were 97.82%. In the present study the most susceptible strains to the T. vulgaris essential oil were observed at concentration 0.5 µg/ml and the least sensitivity at concentrations 0.312 and 0.625 µg/ml. also based on the results obtained in this stady the highest susceptible strains to ZnO nanoparticles was at concentrations 4096 µg/ml and the lowest sensitivity at concentrations 256 µg/ml. Discussion & Conclusion: the results of this study indicate the potent inhibitory effect of T. vulgaris essential oil and ZnO nanoparticles on Acinetobacter baumannii Manuscript profile
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  2 - Phenotypic and molecular detection of AmpC-beta-lactamase in Acintobacter baumannii strains isolated of clinical specimens
  Masoumeh Ali Barari Fatemeh Noorbakhsh Sahar Honarmand Jahromi
  Background and aim: Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that remains persistent in the environment for a long time. The eradication of this bacteria is difficult, since it has the ability to acquire antibiotic resistance. The aims of this study were to More

  Background and aim: Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that remains persistent in the environment for a long time. The eradication of this bacteria is difficult, since it has the ability to acquire antibiotic resistance. The aims of this study were to identify the ampC Betalactamas genes and antibiotic sensitivity of Acinetobacter baumannii strains.Materials and methods: Sixty three strains of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from wound, blood, and respiratory secretions were isolated and identified by biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing against five antibiotics was performed by disc diffusion method for all isolates. Phenotypic methods combined disc test (CDT), was performed for idenfication AmpC Betalactamase activity in bacteria. The presence of AmpC Betalactamase and ISAba-1 and ISAba-2 genes were evaluated by PCR. Results: Disk difiusion result showed that all of samples were resistance to 5 antibiotics ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime and cefepime. Combined Disk test result showed that (63%) of samples were strong (30%) weak and (6%) of negative. AmpC betalactamase gene in 90.5% were positive and in 9.5% were negative. All of sampls had ISAba-1 gene (69.2%) had ISAba-2. Conclusion: Current study showed a high percentage of AmpC Betalactamas genes and also high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii Manuscript profile
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  3 - Antibacterial Effects of Methanolic Extract of Myristica fragrans against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii Producing broad-spectrum beta-lactamase
  Elham Nikouie Ashraf Kariminik
  10.30495/bioem.2023.2001227.1022
  The rise of various strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become [E1] one of the primary concerns. Therefore, efforts to utilize plant-derived drugs against drug-resistant bacteria have gained particular importance. This study aimed to investigate the antibacteri More

  The rise of various strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become [E1] one of the primary concerns. Therefore, efforts to utilize plant-derived drugs against drug-resistant bacteria have gained particular importance. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effects of the methanol extract of Myristica fragrans against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii isolates that produce broad-spectrum beta-lactamases. The plant extract was prepared using the maceration method. Then, the extract was filtered through Whatman filter paper, Grade 1, and concentrated and dried using a rotary evaporator system. Concentrations of 80, 40, 20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, and 0.625 mg/mL of the extract were prepared in a 1:1 v/v mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide and methanol as solvents. Beta-lactamase-producing isolates were identified using the phenotypic method with the antibiotic's cefotaxime and the combination of cefotaxime/clavulanic acid. The agar well diffusion method assessed the antibacterial activity against the isolates. Based on the results, 33% of the Klebsiella isolates and 50% of the Acinetobacter isolates were found to produce beta-lactamase. All of the isolates were sensitive to the methanol extract of Myristica fragrans, with an average minimum inhibitory concentration of 10 and 5 mg/mL, respectively. According to the findings, it can be inferred that the Myristica fragrans extract can inhibit Klebsiella and Acinetobacter isolates in vitro. Therefore, with further research and identification of active compounds, it may be possible to utilize this extract as a potential alternative to antibiotics for treatment in the future. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Isolation Acinetobacteria spp. from frozen food and study them effects on some pathogenic fungi
  fatemeh shahdadi sedigheh kariminejad
  In recent years, producing new antifungal drugs has been considered due to the resistance of fungal toxins and their pathogenicity. In this research, the effect of inhibitory growth of Acinetobacter isolated from frozen foods against pathogenic fungi of Aspergillus nige More

  In recent years, producing new antifungal drugs has been considered due to the resistance of fungal toxins and their pathogenicity. In this research, the effect of inhibitory growth of Acinetobacter isolated from frozen foods against pathogenic fungi of Aspergillus niger (A.niger) and A. flavus has been investigated. A total of 15 frozen food samples were collected from Jiroft city stores and tested for isolation and identification of potential Acinetobacter. A total of 28 bacterial isolates were obtained from frozen food that, from these, two isolates were identified Acinetobacter by biochemical methods. These bacteria were isolated from frozen hamburger and vegetables. The pathogenic fungi of Aspergillus niger and A. flavus were prepared from the center of the Iranian fungus and bacterial collection center. Then, the antagonistic effects of two isolates of Acinetobacter on these fungi were investigated. The results showed no inhibition of A. niger growth by two isolates of Acinetobacter isolated from frozen hamburger and vegetables, but isolates of frozen vegetables showed an inhibitory effect on A. flavus, and its inhibition zone was 11 mm. Finally, the inhibitory bacteria were selected for molecular identification. Based on the results of sequencing blast and phylogenetic tree drawing, the isolate studied was Acinetobacter baumannii. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Typing of the Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from row meat of poultry and livestock using Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST)
  Marziyeh Tavakol Hassan Momtaz Parviz Mohajeri Leili Shokoohizadeh Elahe Tajbakhsh
  Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) strains with multiple drug resistance are mainly opportunistic pathogens in the development of hospital infections and as an emerging contaminant in livestock-based foods. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resis More

  Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) strains with multiple drug resistance are mainly opportunistic pathogens in the development of hospital infections and as an emerging contaminant in livestock-based foods. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern and genotyping of this bacterium strains in raw meat of poultry and livestock. 22 strains isolated from raw meat were tested by multi-locus sequence typing and simple disk diffusion methods. The highest antimicrobial resistance was observed to tetracycline with 90.9% and the least antibiotic resistance was azithromycin and imipenem with 9.09%. Five strains were identified as non-typing isolates in 22 isolates of A. baumannii. Five genetic profiles (Sequence Types=ST) including ST15, ST10, ST12, ST25, ST25 were identified. Identifying the acceptable level of genetic variation among isolates using the MLST technique indicates that this method is considered as a useful method in the study and typing of Acinetobacter spp. strains and can be strains isolated from different origins in different groups. In this study, it was found that by sequencing of house-keeping genes, it is possible to typing of Acinetobacter spp. strains, and this amount of polymorphism indicates that this technique is a useful method for analyzing the genetic diversity of A. baumannii strains is a source of animal origin. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Genotypic and Phenotypic Pattern of Antibiotic Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Traditional Butter and Cream in Isfahan
  Nahal Salimi Mohammad Ahmadi Ebrahim Rahimi
  10.30495/jfm.2022.683636
  Acinetobacter species are saprophytic and have emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen. In this study, 100 samples of traditional butter and cream, were evaluated for the presence of the A. baumannii. The A. baumannii isolates were genotyped based on virulence genes More

  Acinetobacter species are saprophytic and have emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen. In this study, 100 samples of traditional butter and cream, were evaluated for the presence of the A. baumannii. The A. baumannii isolates were genotyped based on virulence genes and phenotype according to antibiotic resistance patterns. The results showed that from 50 samples of butter and cream, 2 samples (4%) and 1 sample (2%) were contaminated with A. baumannii. Antibiotic resistance examination showed that all isolates were resistant to the antibiotics of meropenem, imipenem, chloramphenicol, methicillin, carbapenem and fusidic acid. The most abundant genes encoding antibiotic resistance in A. baumannii strains were tetA, tetB, dfrA1, aac (3) -IV, sul1, cnf2, csgA, jurA, citm, blasHV, aadA1 and Aac3IV. The results also showed that the most abundant virulent genes in A. baumannii strains that detected from traditional milk and dairy products were fimH, papC, Pai and kpsmTII, respectively. It is recommended to use a preventive method to reduce or eradicate A. baumannii from the human food chain and to prevent the spread of infection. Manuscript profile
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  7 - بررسی فعالیت ضد میکروبی اسانس آویشن شیرازی بر روی اسینتو باکتر بومانی جدا شده از نمونه های بالینی
  خدیجه رضایی کیخواهی غلامرضا باقری مهدی حسن شاهیان سعیده سعیدی
  10.14196/JHD. 2018. 251
  مقدمه و هدف: هدف از این مطالعه بررسی فعالیت ضد میکروبی اسانس آویشن شیرازی بر روی اسینتو باکتر بومانی جدا شده از نمونه های بالینی است. روش تحقیق: دوازده سویه اسینتو باکتر بومانی از بیمارستان های شهرستان زابل جداسازی شد. اسانس آویشن شیرازی با استفاده از دستگاه کلونجر بدس More

  مقدمه و هدف: هدف از این مطالعه بررسی فعالیت ضد میکروبی اسانس آویشن شیرازی بر روی اسینتو باکتر بومانی جدا شده از نمونه های بالینی است. روش تحقیق: دوازده سویه اسینتو باکتر بومانی از بیمارستان های شهرستان زابل جداسازی شد. اسانس آویشن شیرازی با استفاده از دستگاه کلونجر بدست آمد، در نهایت حداقل غلظت مهار کنندگی و حداقل غلظت کشندگی اسانس در برابر باکتریهای ذکرشده با روش میکرودایلوشن تعیین گردید. نتایج و بحث: نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان داد که کمترین غلظت مهار کنندگی در برابر باکتری ها برابر با 31/0 میلی گرم بر میلی لیتر است و تنها یک سویه از باکتری در این غلظت مهار شده است. بیشترین غلظت مهار کننندگی برابر با 10 میلی گرم بر میلی لیتر بوده و یک سویه نیز در این غلظت مهار شده است. توصیه کاربردی و صنعتی: نتایج نشان داد که اسانس با افزایش غلظت اثرات ضد میکروبی آن افزایش پیدا می کند، اسانس آویشن فعالیت ضد میکروبی خوبی حتی در غلظت های پایین از خود نشان داد. با کاربرد اسانس آویشن شیرازی علیه باکتری های بیماریزا می توان به یک ماده ضد میکروبی خوب بدون اثر جانبی دست پیدا کرد. Manuscript profile
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  8 - شناسایی مواد موثره موجود در عصاره و اسانس گیاه زینتی-دارویی سداب (Ruta graveolens L) و بررسی اثر ضد میکروبی آن‌ها
  فاطمه ترابی داود هاشم آبادی بهزاد کاویانی لیلا اسدپور
  این پژوهش با هدف بررسی مواد موثره موجود در عصاره و اسانس گیاه زینتی-دارویی سداب و بررسی اثر ضد میکروبی آن‌ها انجام شد. بدین‌منظور در آبان ماه 1398 اندام هوایی سداب از زیستگاه طبیعی آن در ارتفاعات چابکسر-استان گیلان جمع‌آوری شد. برگ‌ها و ساقه گیاه در آون الکتریکی با دمای More

  این پژوهش با هدف بررسی مواد موثره موجود در عصاره و اسانس گیاه زینتی-دارویی سداب و بررسی اثر ضد میکروبی آن‌ها انجام شد. بدین‌منظور در آبان ماه 1398 اندام هوایی سداب از زیستگاه طبیعی آن در ارتفاعات چابکسر-استان گیلان جمع‌آوری شد. برگ‌ها و ساقه گیاه در آون الکتریکی با دمای 75 درجه سانتی‌گراد به مدت 24 ساعت خشک و سپس توسط کلونجر عصاره‌ و اسانس گیاه استخراج شد. جهت شناسایی ترکیبات موثره عصاره و اسانس از GC-MS استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که Hexadecanoic acid، Isomaturnin، 2-Ethyl-1,3,4,5,6,7,8-heptamethy و12-methoxy-19-norpodocarpa به‌ترتیب بیشترین ترکیب موجود در اسانس برگ، اسانس ساقه، عصاره برگ و عصاره ساقه سداب است. نتایج تست میکروبی به روش دیسک دیفیوژن روی سویه‌های Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli نشان داد که عصاره برگ و ساقه سداب بیشترین اثر را در برابر مهار باکتری‌ A. baumannii دارد. بررسی نتایج MIC و MBC نشان داد که باکتری S. aureus با کمترین MIC و MBC حساس‌ترین باکتری در برابر اسانس برگ و ساقه سداب است درحالی‌که A. baumannii با کمترین MBC بیشترین حساسیت را به عصاره برگ سداب نشان داد. بنابراین می‌توان از عصاره و اسانس گیاه سداب به-عنوان یک ماده ضد میکروبی علیه باکتری‌های بیماری‌زای انسانی استفاده نمود. Manuscript profile
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  9 - Prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of Acinetobacter spp. infections in Shahrekord medical centers
  Tohid Piri Gharaghie Abbas Doosti Seyed Abbas Mirzaei
  10.30495/jdb.2021.686587
  the study estimated the prevalence and pattern of antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter spp. isolate from different clinical specimens. Primer design for Acinetobacter spp. was performed with Bioinformatics software Primer Express and Gene Runner. Primer authenticat More

  the study estimated the prevalence and pattern of antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter spp. isolate from different clinical specimens. Primer design for Acinetobacter spp. was performed with Bioinformatics software Primer Express and Gene Runner. Primer authentication was performed by BLASTn online tool and Sequence Match program. Acinetobacter isolates were identified from different clinical specimens by standard biochemical methods and PCR tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests and biofilm detection were performed for isolates identified by standard disk diffusion method according to CLSI‌ protocol and Microtiter plate. Acinetobacter spp. were identified by designed primer with Query Cover and Per. Ident 100%. From 60 clinical samples, 243 bacterial isolates were obtained. 131 isolates (53.9%) were related to gram-positive bacteria and 112 isolates (46.09%) were gram-negative bacteria, of which 43 isolates (17.69%) Were identified as Acinetobacter spp. According to the PCR test, 31 strains (77.5%) were identified as Acinetobacter baumannii, 7 strains (17.5%) as Acinetobacter lwoffii, 2 strains (5%) as Acinetobacter junii. Antibiotic susceptibility study showed that all isolated strains were MDR and 87.5% of isolates were XDR. However, only 12.5% of the isolates were sensitive to carbapenems, All Acinetobacter isolates were biofilm positive and were identified as strong biofilms with a total mean of 0.213. According to the study, it is clear that infection with Acinetobacter can lead to significant challenges in the country's health care system in the future. To this end, finding solutions to prevent infection of this bacterial genus, especially Acinetobacter baumannii, is very important and necessary. Manuscript profile
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  10 - Investigating the antibacterial effects of polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinyl pyrrolidone composite nanofiber mat containing clindamycin
  sara Yousefi mogadam Hakimeh Ziyadi Malak Hekmati Fatemeh sadat seyedi
  Due to the expansion and importance of nano fibers in the field of pharmaceutical sciences and the ability to use them as skin patches, in this study, nanofibers carrying clindamycin was obtained from adding pure clindamycin to poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl pyrroli More

  Due to the expansion and importance of nano fibers in the field of pharmaceutical sciences and the ability to use them as skin patches, in this study, nanofibers carrying clindamycin was obtained from adding pure clindamycin to poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) polymers fallowed by electrospinning of polymeric solution. The obtained nanofibers were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Element Mapping (EMPA), and contact angle analysis. The nature of the bond between clindamycin drug and poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) substrate was investigated using the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM). Antibacterial effects of non-electrospun polymer solution and obtained nanofibers mats were investigated on standard strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. According to the obtained results, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria was resistant to non-electrospun polymer solution and clindamycin nanofibrous mats. Acinetobacter bacteria was resistant to polymer solution, but clindamycin nanofiber had moderate effect on it. Clindamycin nanofibers mats and non-electrospun polymer solution were very effective against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Therefore, clindamycin nanofibrous mats can be used as transdermal patches to treat infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter bacteria. In addition, the polymer solution can be useful as a medicinal solution in the transdermal treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bacterial infections. Manuscript profile
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  11 - Antibiotic resistance dependent on efflux pump in the isolates of clinical and environmental Acinetobacter baumannii
  Marjan Shaheli Majid Baseri Salehi Nima Bahador
  Background & Objectives: Members of Acinetobacter genus are normal flora and the causal agent of the opportunistic nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability to acquire drug resistance through efflux pump mechanism in multidrug-resis More

  Background & Objectives: Members of Acinetobacter genus are normal flora and the causal agent of the opportunistic nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability to acquire drug resistance through efflux pump mechanism in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter spp. and the role of PAβN (Phenyl Arginin β naphtyamid) as an efflux pump inhibitor.    Materials & Methods: In the cross-sectional descriptive study 83 clinical isolates and 62 environmental isolates were collected. Identification of the isolated bacteria was carried out by standard biochemical experiments and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers of 16S rRNA and 16S-23S rRNA. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted through disc diffusion and MIC test based on CLSI guidelines. The activity of the efflux pump was evaluated using the PaβN, and the adeABC gene frequency was assessed by PCR.   Results: Of the total of the samples evaluated, 56 (67.47%) clinical isolates and 34 (54.84%) environmental isolates were identified as Acinetobacter spp. In accordance with the results of the antibiogram test, 100% of the isolates were resistant to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone. Only 7.13% of the clinical isolates and 5.89% of the environmental isolates were not multidrug-resistant (MDR). Prevalence of the adeB was 69.60%, 82.14%, and 76.80% in the clinical isolates and 50%, 85.30%, and 73.50% in the environmental isolates, respectively. Furthermore, tetracycline MIC was decreased in all resistant isolates in the presence of PAβN.   Conclusion: The results showed that the efflux pump could play a role in antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter spp. isolates. Owing to the resistance of Acinetobacter isolates against cephalosporine, it is suggested to avoid prescribing. Manuscript profile
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  12 - The evaluation of int1, sul1, aadA2, and aadB genes frequencies in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in Tehran
  Farzaneh Hosseini Zahra Salimizadeh Mitra Salehi
    Background & Objectives: Acinetobacter baumanniia is a gram-negative coccobacillus which is increasingly reported as the major cause of nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of class I integron, and the prevalence of two More

    Background & Objectives: Acinetobacter baumanniia is a gram-negative coccobacillus which is increasingly reported as the major cause of nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of class I integron, and the prevalence of two important aminoglycoside modifying enzymese genes (aadA2 and aadB) in A. baumannii isolates. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 33 A. baumannii isolated from patients who referred to Baghiatallah Azam and Shahid Modarres Hospitals in Tehran.Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was evaluated using disk diffusion method in accordance with CLSI guideline. The presence of intI1, sul1, aadA2 and aadB genes in clinical isolates was investigated by PCR technique. Results: The frequency of intI1, sul1, aadA2, and aadB genes in A. baumannii was observed as 51.5%, 51.5%, 24.2% and 36.4%, respectively. All isolates were multi-drug resistant, and the highest level of antibiotic resistance was shown to ampicillin, cefixime, cephalothin, nalidixic acid, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and streptomycin (100%). Furthermore, the minimum antibiotic resistance was shown to gentamicin (66.7%), and tetracycline (69.7%). Conclusion: A significant correlation was observed between class 1 integrons, and resistance to one antibiotic. However, this association was not remarkable in several other isolates with antibiotics resistance. This may imply that in addition to integrons, other determinants such as transposons and plasmids may also contribute to resistance. Manuscript profile
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  13 - Green synthesis of silver nanoparticle using Acroptilon repens extract and evaluation of its anti-efflux activity against Acinetobacter bumanni clinical isolates
  Reyhane Behdad Amir Mirzaie Shohreh Zare Karizi
  Background & Objectives: Efflux pumps are one of the mechanisms for antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. The aim of the present study was to investigate the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Acroptilon repens extract and evaluation More

  Background & Objectives: Efflux pumps are one of the mechanisms for antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. The aim of the present study was to investigate the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Acroptilon repens extract and evaluation of its anti- efflux activity in antibiotic-resistant A. baumannii isolates. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, the silver nanoparticles were synthesized using A. repens alcoholic extract and the structure of the synthesized silver nanoparticles was confirmed by spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Subsequently, the adeAC efflux pump was detected in 21 A. baumannii clinical isolates using Cartwheel and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) methods. Finally, the anti-efflux pump activity of silver nanoparticles was evaluated by Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) technique. Results: The synthesized silver nanoparticle was confirmed by maximum absorbance at 420 nm wavelength, using UV-Vis method. The SEM and TEM micrographs showed that nanoparticles are spherical and have an average size of 38.89 nm. Moreover, the XRD results confirmed the cubic structure of silver nanoparticles. The results of Cartwheel and PCR methods revealed that the 12 out of 21 isolates have active efflux pumps. Furthermore, the MIC of ethidium bromide in resistant strains with silver nanoparticles was decreased. Conclusion: Based on anti-efflux pump activity of silver nanoparticles against A. bumannii strains, it seems that silver nanoparticles have potential uses for pharmaceutical industries, though further studies are required to confirm the results of this study. Manuscript profile
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  14 - Determination of antibiotic resistance pattern and frequency of blaVIM & blaIMP genes in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter species in Bandar Abbass
  Fahime Golestani Sedigheh Javadpour Farshid Kafilzadeh Zeinab Ghalandarzadeh Daryaei
  Background & Objectives: Acinetobacter spp. are non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria that are associated with nosocomial infections. They are serious opportunistic pathogens with resistance to many antibiotics due to the presence of Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) gen More

  Background & Objectives: Acinetobacter spp. are non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria that are associated with nosocomial infections. They are serious opportunistic pathogens with resistance to many antibiotics due to the presence of Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) genes. The aims of this study were to determine antimicrobial susceptibility and frequency of MBLs genes in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter species in Shahid Mohammadi hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran. Material & Methods: This descriptive- cross-sectional study was carried out on 81 Acinetobacter isolates collected from different clinical samples from Shahid Mohammadi hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran. The bacteria were identified to the species level by Microgen GNA-ID System kit. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test was used to determine antibiotic resistance pattern. MIC of meropenem was determined by E-test, and MBLs production was detected by imipenem-EDTA synergy test (CDST method). The isolates were then subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of blaIMP and blaVIM genes. Results: Out of 81 isolates, 79(97.54%) were identified as A. baumanni, 1 (1.23%) as  A. lwoffii and 1(1.23%) as A. haemolyticus. Acinetobacter spp. showed the highest resistance to imipenem and meropenem (81.5%) and the highest susceptibility to polymyxin B (96.3%) and colistin(95.1%), respectively. MIC determination by E-test revealed 77.8% of isolates as meropenem- resistant.76.5% of isolates were identified as MBL- positive by CDST method. Also, 13 (16%) isolates carried blaIMP gene, but none of them had the blaVIM gene. Conclusion: Dissemination of MBL- producing A. baumannii is worrisome. In order to reduce and control Acinetobacter infections, implementation of strict surveillance, and judicious prescribing of antibiotics is necessary. Manuscript profile
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  15 - Molecular typing of the Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from blood infections using Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST)
  Zohreh Mohammadi Hassan Momtaz
  Background & Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative coccobacillus that is widely distributed in nature and considered as one of the important causes of hospital infections. The present study was conducted to genotype Acinetobacter baumannii strains i More

  Background & Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative coccobacillus that is widely distributed in nature and considered as one of the important causes of hospital infections. The present study was conducted to genotype Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from blood infections using Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) method. Materials & Methods: A total of 36 Acinetobacter baumannii strains were isolated from blood infection samples collected from Baqiatalah and Payambaran hospitals, Tehran, Iran. The PCR products obtained from amplification of seven housekeeping genes were sequenced. The nucleotide sequences of each gene in each isolate were queried against the reference sequence in the MLST database. In addition to characterization of the alleles specific to each gene, thesequence types (ST) of all isolates were determined. Results: A total of 5 clones including ST25, ST136, ST307, ST327, and ST328 were identified in 36 isolates. ST of 2 isolates were not identified in MLST database. The identified STs were placed into 5 genetic clusters including A, B, C, D, and E. Conclusion: Identifying an acceptable level of genetic diversity among the isolates using MLST technique shows that this method is useful for studying and typing of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. Therefore, it is possible to cluster isolates with diverse origins in different groups. Manuscript profile
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  16 - Identification of mutation in gyrA gene obtained from quinolone-resistant clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii
  Hosein Fazeli Bahareh Vakili Farzin Khorvash Parisa Shoaei Ashraf Kariminik Majid Yaran Behrooz Ataei Mooj Khaleghi Tahereh Motalebi
  Background & Objectives: Acinetobacter spp. is one of the most important ethiology of nosocomial infections worldwide. The presence of multiple antibiotic-resistant strains have limited effective treatments for Acinetobacter spp. The purposes of this study were to s More

  Background & Objectives: Acinetobacter spp. is one of the most important ethiology of nosocomial infections worldwide. The presence of multiple antibiotic-resistant strains have limited effective treatments for Acinetobacter spp. The purposes of this study were to screen gyrA gene mutation in quinolone resistance clinical isolates of A. baumannii and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in Isfahan. Material & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 70 isolates of Acinetobacter were collected from patients hospitalized in the ICU of Isfahan Alzahra Hospital. Biochemical tests were used for detection of isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed on all isolates using the Kirby-Bauer Disk diffusion method and employment of eight antibiotics. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ciprofloxacin and levofeloxacin resistant isolates were determined using the E-test method according to the CLSI guideline. Furthermore, a PCR-RFLP test was performed to investigate gyrA gene mutation in ciprofloxacin/ levofloxacin resistance isolates. Results: The most antibiotic resistance was related to ciprofloxacin (100%) and gentamicin (100%) while the lowest antibiotic resistance were observed in case of application of imipenem (8.92%) and meropenem (90%). Based on MIC test the ratio of resistance to ciprofloxacin and levofeloxacin antibiotics were 100% and 65.7%, respectively. Also, overall 66.7% of these isolates showed multidrug resistant and 93% of the isolates carry a mutation at position 83 in gyrA gene. Conclusion: The present study revealed that A. baumannii isolates carry a mutation in gyrA gene. This mutation causes increases in the microbial resistance to quinolone. Rapid detection of quinolone resistant A. baumannii isolates can help physicians to determine effective treatment for these infections. Manuscript profile
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  17 - Lubrication and oil recovery by biosurfactant produced by Acinetobacter johnsonii ABR6
  Elham Akbari Kaivan Beheshti Maal Behnam Rasekh Zarrin dokht Emami Meisam Omidi
  Background and Objectives: Solid and semi-solid wastes are produced as oil sludge at different stages of crude oil refining. Accumulation of oil waste in the refinery reduces the efficiency of oil refining and its release causes environmental pollution.  The purpos More

  Background and Objectives: Solid and semi-solid wastes are produced as oil sludge at different stages of crude oil refining. Accumulation of oil waste in the refinery reduces the efficiency of oil refining and its release causes environmental pollution.  The purpose of this study is to lubricate crude oil in pipelines and recycle oil using a biosurfactant produced by an indigenous strain.  Materials and Methods: The biosurfactant-producing isolates were obtained from petroleum reservoir in Isfahan Oil Refinery, Isfahan, Iran. Screening was performed by oil displacement method. Also the surface tension was measured by tensiometer. Biosurfactant chemical structure was identified by using chemical analysis. Oil recovery from the sludge was measured under controlled condition. The effect of biosurfactant lubrication was investigated on crude oil in the pipelines in vitro. The stability of biosurfactant in different environmental conditions was also determined. Results: The best biosurfactant-producing bacterium was identified as Acinetobacter johnsonii ABR6, and its 16S-rDNA genomic sequence was deposited in GenBank under the accession number of MK100470. Chemical analysis of TLC and FTIR confirmed that the produced biosurfactant was lipopeptide. The biosurfactant obtained from this bacterium recovered 50% of crude oil from petroleum sludge and also reduced transportation speed from 64 to 35 seconds. This biosurfactant had high stability in 5% w/v NaCl, pH range of 8 to 10, temperature of 60°C and autoclave conditions.  Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the biosurfactant produced by the native strain of Acinetobacter Johnson ABR6, in addition to operating in extreme conditions, also has the ability to recover oil and increase the transfer rate of crude oil in pipelines. Therefore, the use of this biosurfactant can be considered as an asset in the petroleum industry Manuscript profile
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  18 - Detection of T6SS secretory system and membrane purine involved in antibiotic resistance in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter  baumannii isolates
  Tohid Piri Gharaghie Abbas Doosti Seyed Abbas Mirzaei
  10.30495/jmw.2021.690441
  Background & Objectives: Type 6 secretory system (T6SS) and the presence of a strong efflux pump due to membrane purine are important indicators of pathogenicity of Acinetobacter baumannii. This study aimed to track the secretory system of T6SS and membrane purine a More

  Background & Objectives: Type 6 secretory system (T6SS) and the presence of a strong efflux pump due to membrane purine are important indicators of pathogenicity of Acinetobacter baumannii. This study aimed to track the secretory system of T6SS and membrane purine as well as the pattern of antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates.Materials and methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 33 strains of A. baumannii isolated from clinical samples including blood, urine, respiratory trachea, and wound. Antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was evaluated by the disk diffusion method according to CLSI protocol. Also, the frequency of genes encoding the effector proteins secreted from the type 6     secretory system and membrane purine was determined using Multiplex PCR.Results: 31 strains of A. baumannii were identified, using the molecular method.  A. baumannii isolates showed 93.55% sensitivity to colistin sulfate. The lowest susceptibility was related to five classes of antibiotics: fluoroquinolones (12.9%), cephalosporins (6.45%), aminoglycosides (6.45%), macrolides (16.1%), and inhibitory antibiotics (12.1%). The results showed that in addition to the MDR phenotype (100% of isolates), 20 isolates (64.52%) had the XDR phenotype. The frequency of the hcp gene was confirmed in 18 isolates (58%) and ompC in all isolates (100%). Also, the frequency of the ompC gene in MDR and XDR isolates was 100%. However, the hcp gene was observed only in the XDR phenotype with 90% frequency. Conclusion: The results of this study showed the possible effect of the hcp gene on the compatibility of A. baumannii isolates with unfavorable conditions and the occurrence of resistance phenotype.   Manuscript profile
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  19 - Genetic diversity of colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates in patients of Shahid Rajaee Trauma Hospital in Shiraz
  Shahriar Sepahvand Mahboobeh Madani Mohammad Ali Davarpanah Fereshte Ghandehari
  10.30495/jmw.2021.690458
  Background & Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii is the clinically significant bacteria easily capable acquiring multi-resistance to antibiotics. This study aims to evaluate the pattern of         resistance, colistin resistan More

  Background & Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii is the clinically significant bacteria easily capable acquiring multi-resistance to antibiotics. This study aims to evaluate the pattern of         resistance, colistin resistance gene, and the study of genetic diversity of colistin-resistant strains isolated from Shahid Rajaee Hospital in Shiraz.Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on A. baumannii strains isolated from patients admitted to the intensive care unit ICU of Shahid Rajaei Hospital in Shiraz. A. baumannii strains were identified and confirmed by Microgen kit and blaOXA-51 gene. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was then performed by disk diffusion method according to CLSI 2020 instructions. PCR method was used to study pmrA and pmrB genes and also genetic           diversity of A. baumannii strains was analyzed by SPSS software and NTSYS version2.10e.Results: Fifty strains of A. baumannii were isolated and identified. These strains had                 multi-resistance and showed high resistance to most antibiotics. The lowest rate of resistance was observed to colistin and tigecycline antibiotics. In the study of colistin-resistance genes,             colistin-susceptible and colistin-resistant strains of A. baumannii carried pmrA and pmrB genes, respectively. Colistin-resistant strains were placed next to colistin-sensitive strains in a node in the dendrogram.Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed the frequency of multi-resistant                   A. baumannii strains in the hospital. These strains belonged to a common clone and seem to be circulating in the hospital. Infection control programs are required to be implemented in hospital wards.  Manuscript profile
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  20 - The Prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii strains carrying LPS and siderophore virulence genes isolated from clinical samples
  Sheida Beiranvand Abbas Doosti Seyed Abbas Mirzaei
  10.30495/jmw.2021.690443
  Background & Objectives: Increasing antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates has become a major global concern today. The mechanism of the food supply through iron supply through Siderophores is one of the most important factors in the adaptation of More

  Background & Objectives: Increasing antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates has become a major global concern today. The mechanism of the food supply through iron supply through Siderophores is one of the most important factors in the adaptation of bacteria to adverse conditions. The study of the frequency of the presence of Siderophore genes in clinical isolates      provides a high understanding of the mechanism of bacterial resistance. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the frequency of antibiotic resistance in isolates containing the Siderophore gene. Materials & Methods: Clinical samples were collected from hospitalized patients including            respiratory, wound, urinary, and blood samples. Biochemical tests were performed to isolate the    bacteria. A molecular sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was performed to confirm    Acinetobacter baumannii strains and to evaluate the presence of target genes. Microbial                  susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method according to CLSI instructions and the relationship between microbial resistance and expression of Siderophore genes in isolates was        investigated. Results: According to PCR results, out of 64 isolates identified by biochemical tests, 28 isolates (43.75%) were identified as Acinetobacter baumannii. All 28 isolated isolates (100%) had LPS genes and 15 isolates (53.57%) had Siderophore gene with 93.3% resistance to Carbapenems and 26.6% to Colistin sulfate and antibiotics. Were identified as XDR and MDR strains. Conclusion: Antibiotic resistance and the prevalence of Siderophore and LPS genes in               Acinetobacter baumannii strains are worrisome and require infection control measures including management of antibiotics and rapid identification of resistant isolates.   Manuscript profile
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  21 - Assessment of Biological Modification of Phenol Using Native Bacteria Isolated from Water and Sediment of Parishan Lake
  Farshid Kafilzadeh Mohammad Sadegh Farhang doost Abbasali Rezaeian Amir Ashkan Mahjour
  Introduction and Objectives: Phenol and phenol compounds are extremely toxic which found abundantly in the compounds such as pesticides, herbicides, poisons and chemical fertilizer.  Phenol are highly harmful for the creatures, particularly for human beings.  More

  Introduction and Objectives: Phenol and phenol compounds are extremely toxic which found abundantly in the compounds such as pesticides, herbicides, poisons and chemical fertilizer.  Phenol are highly harmful for the creatures, particularly for human beings.  It leaves irretrievable effects, so it deems advisable to eliminate these compounds from the nature in different ways.  Physicochemical methods were used formerly to eliminate phenol.  In addition to much expenditures, these methods also cause the production of the dangerous  intermediary compounds.  Now, the biological analysis of phenol being considered.  Among the microorganisms, bacteria have particular importance in phenol analysis. Material and Methods: This research has been done on the sediment and water samples of Parishan lake which is one of the international wetland of Iran.  Many samples of bacteria were detached.  The separation method for sediment samples is as follows in which 10gr of sample is mixed with 100ml of phenol broth culture medium. Then it is supplied with air in a 30-degree temperature on a shaker having 170rpm. In water sample, 10ml of water sample mixed with 100ml of phenol broth medium. Other stages are repeated again similarly. This process continues until the pure bacteria are separated. The technical medium which is the basis of this experiment including KH2PO4, K2HPO4, (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4, FeCl3, phenol, water and pH7. Results: The obtained results presented that the bacteria analyzing phenol formed a wide range of bacteria.  These bacteria are mainly gram negative and belongs to the Pseudomonas family.  These bacteria has got various ability in phenol analysis (0.2-0.9 gr/lit phenol). Conclusion: According to the obtained results, the separation and purification of such bacteria can be used for phenol elimination and its toxic derivations in the environment. This is an important step for men's health protection. Manuscript profile
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  22 - Molecular epidemiology & antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from Namazi Hospital, in Shiraz by modified AFLP analysis
  Najmeh Alaee Abbas Bahador Naser Harzandi
  Background and Objectives: Due to rapid resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii to broad-spectrum antibiotics and to cause nosocomial infections with high mortality rates, this bacterium has associated with many therapeutic problems. This study aimed to investigate epid More

  Background and Objectives: Due to rapid resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii to broad-spectrum antibiotics and to cause nosocomial infections with high mortality rates, this bacterium has associated with many therapeutic problems. This study aimed to investigate epidemiologic strains pf Acinetobacter isolates in Sahid Namazi hospital, Shiraz- Iran, based on AFLP method and to determine their antibiotic resistance levels in order to design surveillance program and effective treatment. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study were performed on the Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from seven different intensive Care Units of Sahid Namazi hospital. All isolates were identified with the API20NE kits. Drug resistances of the strains were determined based on broth microdilution methods. For purpose of the phenotypic typing by obtained results, the antibiodendrogram was designed with SPSS statistical software. Next, AFLP analysis was performed with DNA digestion by MboI and MseI restriction enzymes, ligation of synthetic adapters, Pre-amplification and sensitive amplification by specific primers. Results: In present research, 54% (46 cases) of Acinetobacter baumannii strains were MDR, while 43% (36 cases) belonged to XDR and only 2% (2 cases) was identified as PDR. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern show prominent presence of imipenem resistance (51%) and meropenem resistance (76%) strains. In addition, the AFLP results revealed that three main clusters (1, 3, and 4) have been associated with several outbreaks of nosocomial infections. Conclusion: Based on the results, rapid growth of Acinetobacter baumannii and their cross-transmission among different wards of Sahid Namazi hospital have led to increase of antibiotic resistance rate and their prevalence in the hospital. Therefore, results of this study emphasizes surveillance programs for infection control and to eradication therapy. Manuscript profile
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  23 - Prevalence of aminoglycoside resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from patients in Tabriz city
  Katayoon Aliakbarzadeh Safar Farajnia Ashraf Karimi Nik
  Background and Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the major causes of nosocomial infections resistant to most of available antibiotics, which is known as an important reason of nosocomial death. Although the aminoglycosides are still used as drugs of choice f More

  Background and Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the major causes of nosocomial infections resistant to most of available antibiotics, which is known as an important reason of nosocomial death. Although the aminoglycosides are still used as drugs of choice for treatment of Acinetobacter infections, resistance to aminoglycosides has been increasing in this bacterium. The present study investigated the prevalence of the encoding genes of aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, aphA6 and aadB, in Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from patients in Emam Reza hospital, in Tabriz city. Material & methods: This cross- sectional study was carried out on 103 Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from hospitalized patient in Imam Reza hospital located at Tabriz. Identification of the strains was performed based on differential and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates to different aminoglycoside antibiotics including gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycin and kanamycin were evaluated by disc diffusion method. Then the PCR technique used to evaluate the presence of aphA6 and aadB genes. Results: A total of studied isolates, 52 (50.48%) and 16 (15.53%) cases were positive for aphA6 and aadB genes, respectively. Also, the highest resistance was recorded for kanamycin (94%), gentamicin (86%), amikacin (81%) and tobramycin (63%) antibiotics. Conclusion: The results of this study showed the remarkable prevalence of the encoding genes of aminoglycoside modifying enzymes in the A. baumannii isolates. Therefore, a widespread surveillance of resistance to antibiotics and prevention of distribution of these antibiotic-resistant genes is necessary.   Manuscript profile
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  24 - Effect of Purified Bacteriocin from Acinetobacter baumannii on some Pathogenic and Environmental Isolates and Its Inhibitory Effect on Hemolysin Production from S. aureu
  Sahar Jabar Nasser Raghad A. Abdulrazaq
  10.22034/jchr.2022.691877
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  25 - Evaluation of Protective Effects of PLGA Nanoparticles Containing Detoxified Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Derived from Acinetobacter Baumannii in Mouse Lung Infection
  Afshin Gholizadeh Reza Shapoori Parviz Pakzad Mehdi Mahdavi
  10.22034/ascij.2021.684783
  common microbial pathogens with antibiotic resistance in causing respiratory infections in patients admitted to the ICU. Making a vaccine can be one of the effective ways to combat this infection. This study was performed to evaluate the protective effects of PLGA nanop More

  common microbial pathogens with antibiotic resistance in causing respiratory infections in patients admitted to the ICU. Making a vaccine can be one of the effective ways to combat this infection. This study was performed to evaluate the protective effects of PLGA nanoparticles containing detoxified lipopolysaccharide (D-LPS) of Acinetobacter baumannii as a vaccine in mouse lung infection. Müller Hinton Broth culture medium was used for mass propagation of bacteria. Bacterial LPS was extracted by hot water-phenol method and detoxified with 0.2M NaOH. Encapsulation of detoxified LPS in PLGA particles was performed by Double emulsion solvent evaporation (Water/Oil/Water emulsion). The prepared particles were between 150 and 200 nm in diameter with a negative surface charge. Forty Balb/C mice were randomly divided into four groups of 10 (control, PLGA-receiving group, D-LPS-receiving group, and PLGA-D-LPS-receiving group). All groups were vaccinated three times at intervals of 14 days. On day 35, live bacteria were delivered to the groups through the lungs, and after 48 hours, the mice’s lungs were removed for bacteriological and histopathological studies. Culture of homogenized extract of lung tissue showed a significant difference between group 4 and other groups. (P <0.05) Histological study also showed the protective effect of PLGA nanoparticles containing detoxified LPS. This study showed that PLGA particles containing detoxified LPS of Acinetobacter baumannii were successful in stimulating the immune system of mice and could be used as a vaccine.. Manuscript profile