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Open Access Article
1 - Effects of Green Manure Residues on Egyptian Broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers.) and Growth Relations in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)
Mojtaba Zafarian Ali Tadayon Mohammad BazoobandiIn order to evaluate the efficacy of green manure on Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca. Pers) control and to determin green manure effects on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) growth, a glasshouse experiment was conducted in CRD design with four replications MoreIn order to evaluate the efficacy of green manure on Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca. Pers) control and to determin green manure effects on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) growth, a glasshouse experiment was conducted in CRD design with four replications. Treatments consisted of three green manures of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgar L.) and rye (Secale cereal L.) in two levels (50 and 100 biomass return into the soil) and two control treatments of weed free and weed infest treatments. The results showed that among all treatments, the rye manure in both levels (50 and 100 percent return into the soil) reduced significantly the number of broomrape shoot, and nodules on tomato roots; dry weight and the broomrape/tomato dry matter ratio than weed infest treatment. In fact, barley green manure, especially in 100 percent biomass return in many treats, was similar to rye green manure. In spite of reduction in the measured treatments of broomrape, no significant difference was observed among green manure on the dry weight of tomato. Generally, it seems that rye manure in 50 and 100 percent and barley green manure in 100 percent level have the capability to prevent broomrape seed germination and establishment in a better way more research is needed to examine the effects of treatments on tomato growth and quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Preharvest factors effective in maintaining the quality of kiwifruit during storage
Mohammad Ali ShiriKiwifruit cv. Hayward has a high nutritional value due to its high content of vitamin C, phenolic compounds, minerals and organic acids. This has caused a significant increase in its production and consumption both in our country and in the world in recent years. Fruit MoreKiwifruit cv. Hayward has a high nutritional value due to its high content of vitamin C, phenolic compounds, minerals and organic acids. This has caused a significant increase in its production and consumption both in our country and in the world in recent years. Fruit quality both at the harvest time and during kiwifruit storage depends on a set of factors related to planting, and harvesting, as well as postharvest factors. Among the most important factors that affect the quality and storage of kiwifruit during the growing season, we can mention the cultivar, tree nutrition, pollination, tree crown management, summer pruning, degree of maturity and ripening, and the amount of fruit dry matter. Controlling each of these factors by considering their interaction effects can not only affect the quality of the fruit effectively and usefully but also increase the storability of kiwifruit.but also increase the storability of kiwifruit.but also increase the storability of kiwifruit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Effect of Nitrogen Supplies at Flowering on Dry Matter Production and Distribution, the Relationship Between Source Strength and Sink Size, and Yield Formation Processes in Wheat, Barley and Triticale
Masoud Ezzat ahmadi Mojtaba Hassanzadeh Ahad MadaniIn order to compare the yield response of wheat, barley and triticale to nitrogen, a split plot experiment was conducted in Mashhad during the 2017-2018 crop year. Nitrogen factor with two levels of non-foliar application (N1) and application of urea fertilizer 46% in t MoreIn order to compare the yield response of wheat, barley and triticale to nitrogen, a split plot experiment was conducted in Mashhad during the 2017-2018 crop year. Nitrogen factor with two levels of non-foliar application (N1) and application of urea fertilizer 46% in the flowering stage at a rate of 20 kg / ha (N2) were allotted to the main plots and cereal type factor in the subplots. The results showed that N2 treatment increased grain yield by 12.6%, which was mainly due to the increase in the contribution of current photosynthesis in grain yield formation from 43.6 to 51.2% and had little relationship with the efficiency of dry matter distribution to grain. Also, N2 treatment, despite a significant reduction in 1000-seed weight, increased the number of seeds per spike by 20.9% and grain weight per spike by 12.9%. Nitrogen foliar application increased the contribution of current photosynthesis in grain yield formation from 43.6% to 51.2% and decreased the rule of stem dry matter remobilization in yield formation from 72.4% to 53.4%. Despite having the same harvest index as wheat, triticale had 13.3% higher grain yield than wheat due to its higher biological yield. The amount of current photosynthesis in triticale was %46.8 more than wheat, but the relative contribution of stem reserves to yield formation was not significantly different. The main reason for the higher in triticale compared to wheat was the higher number of grains per spike, and the difference in grain weight was less important. The results indicate that grain weight is not affected by nitrogen uptake and transport processes and is mostly a function of photosynthesis. Based on these results, the source-sink balance in triticale resulted in higher yield of it compared to wheat and barley. It seems that nitrogen in the flowering stage can increase the yield of wheat and barley by preventing abortion of florets and increasing the size of the reservoir as well as improving the strength of the source by increasing the current photosynthesis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Effect of Super Absorbent Polymer and Soil Texture Affecting the Physiological Response of Maize (Zea mays L.) under Water Deficit Stress
Alireza Moeini Ali Neshat Najme Yazdanpanah Amin Pasandi PourIn order to evaluate the role of super absorbent polymer (SAP) for mitigating the water deficit stress at sandy and clay-loam soils, the effect of five values of SAP (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g.kg-1 soil), three water treatment (the relative soil water content of 80, 60 MoreIn order to evaluate the role of super absorbent polymer (SAP) for mitigating the water deficit stress at sandy and clay-loam soils, the effect of five values of SAP (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g.kg-1 soil), three water treatment (the relative soil water content of 80, 60, and 40%) and two soil textures (sandy and clay-loam) on biomass production, photosynthetic pigments, leaf gas exchange parameters, leaf relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage (REC), proline content, catalase, super oxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase activity. The experiment was carried out with a factorial arrangement based on complete randomized design in triplicates at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Kerman, Iran. The results revealed that water deficit stress caused a significant decrease in net photosynthesis rate, leaf stomatal conductance, chlorophyll a+b content, RWC, plant height, and dry matter production of maize. CAT, SOD, APX activity, REC, and proline were elevated with increasing water deficit stress levels. Application of SAP under water deficit stress increased the net photosynthesis (32.3%), stomatal conductance (38%), chlorophyll a+b (23.9%), RWC (11.9%), and dry matter production (24%), while it decreased REC (10.8%), proline content (66.9%), CAT (42.7%), SOD (33.2%), and APX activity (34.3%) as compared to control. It can be concluded that application of SAP (0.8 g.kg-1 soil) improved plant growth of maize under water deficit stress through increasing the water holding capacity in soil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Effect of Integrated Application of Biochar and Nitroxin on Growth Traits and Grain Yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) under Different Irrigation Regimes
Seyed Afshin Moosavi AliReza Shokuhfar Shahram Lak Mani Mojaddam Mojtaba AlavifazelAccording to Iranian water resource limitations it is mandatory to find water efficient strategies for crop production in accordance with reduction of chemical inputs. A split-factorial experiment was conducted in 2018 based on randomize complete block design with three MoreAccording to Iranian water resource limitations it is mandatory to find water efficient strategies for crop production in accordance with reduction of chemical inputs. A split-factorial experiment was conducted in 2018 based on randomize complete block design with three replications to investigate the effects of biochar and nitroxin application on growth traits and yield of cowpea under different irrigation regimes. Experimental treatments were irrigation regimes (0, 90, 120 mm) evaporation from water pan class A which were considered as no stress, mild water stress and Sevier water stress, respectively. Irrigation treatments were arranged as main plot and three levels of biochar (0,4, 8 t.ha-1) and nitroxin (inoculated and no inoculated) considered as factorial subplots. Results showed that dry matter accumulation and relative crop growth rate exhibited a sigmoid pattern while leaf area and growth rate followed gaussian pattern. Based on model output DMTmax was 467 g.m-2 and RGRmax was 0/100 g, LAImax 3.65 and CGRmax was 12.6 g.m-2 which reach to 50% of final value in 55/9, 65.9, 40.5 and 31.7, respectively. Application 8 ton/ha biochar with nitroxxin resulted in 12% RWC and 10%, 27% improved nitrogen and phosphor status under severe stress condition. Irrigation at 120 mm evaporation caused 33% reduction of grain yield and nitroxin application at normal condition caused 19% increase in grain yield but at 120 mm evaporation it did not exhibit significant effect. Application of biochar at no stress condition led to 37% increase in grain yield and such changes reach to 29% at 120 mm evaporation from water pan class A. The highest grain yield (266 g.m-2) obtained from 8 t.ha-1 biochar at no stress condition and the maximum biological yield was obtained from 8 t.ha-1 biochar with nitroxin (809 g.m-2). Application of 8 t.ha-1 biochar incorporated with nitroxin could provide satisfactory yield for cowpea crop under water limited condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Improvement of Physiological Growth Indices and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max L.) by Replacing some of Nitrogen with Phosphorus under Moisture Stress
Farasat Sadeghi Mohammad Ali AboutalebianTo study some growth indices of soybean under moisture stress by replacing nitrogen with phosphorus, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Station of Bu-Ali Sina University during the 2017-2018 growing season. The experiment was carried out in a split-factori MoreTo study some growth indices of soybean under moisture stress by replacing nitrogen with phosphorus, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Station of Bu-Ali Sina University during the 2017-2018 growing season. The experiment was carried out in a split-factorial arrangement of treatments based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots consisted of three levels of irrigations (irrigating after 60, 90 and 120 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan). Two levels of nitrogen replacement with phosphorus and without replacement and two levels of phosphorus replacement and without phosphorus replacement assigned to subplots. The results showed that simultaneous replacing of nitrogen and phosphorus in all irrigation levels increased physiological growth indices of leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. Moisture stress reduced growth rate of the crop significantly. Results also showed that crop growth rate increased 35 to 45 days after planting and reached to its maximum level after 65 days after planting date. After this period, the crop growth rate of soybean decreased and reached to zero about 95-100 days after planting. The highest dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate were obtained from irrigation after 60 mm evaporation and nitrogen-phosphorus simultaneous placement application. According to the results, simultaneous replacing nitrogen and phosphorus, reduced the negative effect of moisture stress on soybean growth indices. Nitrogen replacement with phosphorus increased grain yield by 11.4% as compared to non-replacement of nitrogen with phosphorus and yielded 3855.88 kg.ha-1. In this research, nitrogen replacement with phosphorus under irrigation after 90 mm evaporation prevented significant oil yield loss as compared to irrigation after 60 mm evaporation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Evaluation of Quantitative, Qualitative and Tuber Yield Stability of 18 Promising Potato Clones in Ardabil Province
D. Hassanpanah H. HassanabadiEighteen promising clones of potato along with four commercial cultivars (Savalan, Agria, Marfona and Lady-Rozeta) in randomized complete block design with three replications were evaluated at Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station of Ardabil during 2010 an MoreEighteen promising clones of potato along with four commercial cultivars (Savalan, Agria, Marfona and Lady-Rozeta) in randomized complete block design with three replications were evaluated at Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station of Ardabil during 2010 and 2011. Prior to and after harvest, traits like main stem number per plant, plant height, tuber number and weight per plant, total and marketable tuber yield, dry matter percentage, baking type, hollow heart, tuber inner ring and discoloration of raw tuber flesh after 24 hours were measured. Combined ANONA for quantitative traits showed that there were significant differences among promising clones and their interactions with year as to total and marketable tuber yield, tuber number and weight per plant, plant height, tuber average size, main stem number per plant and dry matter percentage. The results also showed the clones 397003-7, 396151-27, 397045-100 and Savalan (check) produced higher total and marketable tuber yield, tuber number and weight per plant, plant height, main stem number per plant, tuber size average and stable tuber yield. These clones produced high and mid-uniform tuber, yellow skin and flesh color, oval round, shallow eyes, very little hollow heart, tuber inner crack and tuber inner ring, mid-late maturity and mid and high dry in comparison to those of check. Based on results of this experiment, the clones 397003-7, 396151-27 and 397045-100 could be selected for Ardebil region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Effect of Foliar Application of Chitosan and Salicylic Acid on Morphological Traits and Essential Oil Quality of Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.)
Negin Safari Kamal Abadi Nasser Mohebalipour Mehdi Oraei Hasan Nourafcan Asad AsadiLemon balm is an aromatic and perennial bushy plant with interesting pharmacological and biological properties, which extensively distributed in the Mediterranean region and Asia. The effects of salicylic acid (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg.L-1) and chitosan (50, 100, 150 and MoreLemon balm is an aromatic and perennial bushy plant with interesting pharmacological and biological properties, which extensively distributed in the Mediterranean region and Asia. The effects of salicylic acid (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg.L-1) and chitosan (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg.L-1) foliar application on plant parameters, essential oil and chemical compositions of lemon balm at two different harvest stages (seedling and flowering) were evaluated. The results showed that the highest values of chlorophyll index obtained from foliar application of 150 and 200 mg/L chitosan. Application of chitosan (all concentration levels except 50 mg.L-1) significantly improved the plant height of lemon balm compared with the control. Leaf and dry weight of aerial parts per plant increased with increasing in salicylic acid and chitosan concentrations. The essential oil compounds of lemon balm (citronellal, caryophyllene, linalool, carvacrol, α-pinene, geraniol) at flowering harvest stage were significantly higher than the seedling harvest stage. Foliar application of chitosan was more effective than salicylic acid in increasing essential oil compounds of lemon balm. The essential oil content ranged between 0.07% and 0.09% in the seedling harvest stage and between 0.30% and 0.52% in the flowering harvest stage. The highest value of essential oil (0.52%) was recorded from the flowering harvest stage with foliar application of 200 mg.L-1 chitosan. The findings of the current study showed that both elicitors possess strong potential in biomass production and enhancement of essential oil compounds in lemon balm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The Analysis of Topping Results of Faba Bean Varieties (Vicia faba L.) by Using Logistic Nonlinear Regression Model
Arefeh Alipour Ghasem Abad sofla Ali Rahemi Karizaki Ali Nakhzari-moghaddam Abbas BiabaniGrowth analysis is a valuable method to quantify crop growth, development and production. Because, parameters of nonlinear regression models have significant physiological meanings, it was decided to study the effect of topping and variety on crop growth indices by usin MoreGrowth analysis is a valuable method to quantify crop growth, development and production. Because, parameters of nonlinear regression models have significant physiological meanings, it was decided to study the effect of topping and variety on crop growth indices by using a logistic nonlinear regression model in a factorial experiment, based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications, at the Research Farm of Gonbad University during 2014-2015. The first factor consisted of five faba bean verities (Zohreh, Shami, Sheshband, Sarazeri and Barkat) and the second factor of two levels, topping and control. Results showed that using this molel described well the variation pattern of dry matter accumulation and LAI by time. It was also revealel that the difference between verities for the time to reach maximum leaf area index and the time required to reach 50 percent of maximum dry matter were not significant. The effect of variety on leaf area index was significant at the 5% level. The maximum and minimum leaf area index, total dry matter and crop growth rate of Barkat, Zohre and the Saraziri were higher than Shami and Sheshband varieties, and thus this was resulted in higher yield. Leaf area index in all varieties was the critical leaf area index. The average critical leaf area index in varieties was 1.37. The maximum and minimum relative growth rate at the beginning of the growing season belonged to the Saraziri and Barkat with 0.066 and 0.055 g/g.day, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Investigating the Effect of Date and Planting Method (Transplanting and Direct-Seeding) on Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.)
Shahrokh Pahlavianian Miandoab Mohammad Reza Dadashi Touraj Mir Mahmoudi Asiyeh Shahrooghbi Hossein Adjam NorouziThe effects of transplanting and direct-seeding on agronomic traits and white sugar yield of sugar beet were studied in a split-plot experiment based on randomize complete blocks with three replications two regions of Miandoab and Bokan in 2016. Treatments we MoreThe effects of transplanting and direct-seeding on agronomic traits and white sugar yield of sugar beet were studied in a split-plot experiment based on randomize complete blocks with three replications two regions of Miandoab and Bokan in 2016. Treatments were three planting date (25 March, 8 and 18 April) and two planting systems (transplanting and direct-seeding .(Planting systems were assigned in the main plot and planting date in the subplots. The difference between direct and transplanting systems in terms of leaf area index, sugar extraction coefficient, root yield, white sugar yield and molasses sugar percentage were significant at 1% and sugar content and sugar yield at the 5% probability levels. The effect of sowing time on leaf area index, dry matter yield, sugar extraction coefficient, root yield, white sugar yield and sugar content of molasses were significant at 1%, and sugar content and sugar yield at 5% probability levels. The interaction effect of sowing time and planting system was significant on leaf area index, dry matter yield, sugar extraction coefficient, and root yield, white sugar yield at 1% and on sugar content at 5% probability levels. The transplanting system reduced the amount of molasses sugar by 32.41% compared to the direct planting system and the lowest percentages of molasses sugar were attributed to 25th of March planting date. In the present study the highest leaf area index, dry matter yield, and sugar content, sugar extraction coefficient, root yield, and white sugar yield were allocated to the 25th of March planting date and transplanting system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Effect of Light Radiation Absorption and Its Use Efficiency in Intercropping of Soybean and Millet Under Water Deficit Stress
Somayeh Hajinia Goudarz AhmadvandTo study the effect of water deficit stress on leaf area, radiation use efficiency and dry matter production of soybean and millet in intercropping, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out, in 2015 at the MoreTo study the effect of water deficit stress on leaf area, radiation use efficiency and dry matter production of soybean and millet in intercropping, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out, in 2015 at the Research Station of Agricultural Faculty of Bu-Ali Sina University. The main factor consisted of three levels of water deficit stresses (irrigation after 60, 90 and 120 mm evaporation from pan) and sub factor of five replacement intercropping treatments sol cropping of soybean (100S), sol cropping of millet (100M), 67 % S+ 33 % M (67S:33M), 50 % S+ 50 % M (50S:50M) and 33 % S+ 67 % M (33S:67M). The results showed that the highest leaf area index of soybean and millet in sol cropping were 5.68 and 3.23 respectively. Severe water deficit stress significantly decreased leaf area index of soybean and millet by about 30.03 and 30.33 percent, respectively, as compared to well-watered condition. The highest dry matter (613 and 540 g.m-2) belonged to sol cropping of soybean and millet, respectively. Severe water deficit stress reduced dry matter of soybean and millet by 39.87 and 31.556 percent respectively as compared to the control. Radiation use efficiency of millet in (33S:67M), (50S:50M) and (67S:33M) intercropping ratios were 24.85, 29.86 and 26.76 percent more than sol cropping of millet, respectively. Radiation use efficiency of soybean reduced in the intercropping. Mean radiation use efficiency of soybean in growing season ranged from 0.97 g.mj-1 in the (33S:67M) ratio to 1.77 g.mj-1 in the sol cropping of soybean. The results showed a negative effect of water deficit stress on radiation use efficiency of both millet and soybean. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Evaluation of Quality Traits of Forage Maize Cultivars as Affected by Different Plant Densities
Hamdollah Eskandari Abdollah Javanmard Fariborz ShekariMaize has an important role in livestock nutrition. Thus, improving its forage quality through agronomical managements seems to be of high importance. To evaluate quality traits of forage maize cultivars in response to plant densities, a factorial experiment based on RC MoreMaize has an important role in livestock nutrition. Thus, improving its forage quality through agronomical managements seems to be of high importance. To evaluate quality traits of forage maize cultivars in response to plant densities, a factorial experiment based on RCBD with three replications was carried out at the Research Station of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh during 2013-2014 growing season. The first factor was plant density with three levels (93000, 105000 and 119000 plant.ha-1) and the second factor was maize cultivars with five levels (Zola, Simon, NS, 540 and 370). Results of the experiment indicated that dry matter production was affected by the interaction of plant density and cultivar, where cultivar 540 produced the highest dry forage (980 g.m-2) by density of 119000 plant.h-1 and cultivar NS the lowest (933 g.m-2) dry forage by density of 93000 plant.m-2. However, all cultivars under study produced higher dry matter under higher plant densities. It was also observed that Zola cultivar, with 638 g.kg-1 of hemicellulose, had the lowest forage quality. Other cultivars were in the same statistical group. Phosphorous content of forage was in its highest value in 93000 plant density, while calcium content was not affected by plant density. Lower plant densities resulted in higher crude protein content. Cultivar no. 540 produced the highest crude protein yield (kg.ha-1) suggesting its superiority to the other cultivar. This cultivar can be recommended for growing in this region and other regions with same climatic conditions for producing high quality and quantity of maize forage production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The effect of gibberellin hormone on yield, growth indices, and biochemical traits of corn (Zea Mays L.) under drought stress
Abbas Maleki Amin Fathi Sadegh BahaminIn order to investigate the effect of gibberellin hormone and drought stress on corn, an experiment was conducted as split plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments included moisture stress at three levels of normal irrigation MoreIn order to investigate the effect of gibberellin hormone and drought stress on corn, an experiment was conducted as split plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments included moisture stress at three levels of normal irrigation (I0=60), medium stress (I1=90), and severe stress (I2=120) mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan as main factor and a sub factor of gibberellin hormone spraying at four levels non-consumption (G0=0), (G1=15ppm), (G2=20ppm), and (G3=25ppm). Results showed that the highest and lowest grain yields were observed in 60 mm evaporation from evaporation pan with 20 ppm gibberellin acid and 120 mm evaporation from the evaporation pan without using gibberellin acid as 9658.2 and 5797.3 kg/h, respectively. Also, under all levels of drought stress, gibberellin acid application increased grain yield of corn. The interaction of hormones and irrigation had a significant effect on starch, proline, alpha amylase, beta amylase, and protease. Drought stress increased proline concentration in corn leaf. Gibberellin hormone had no significant effect on proline concentration in corn leaf under drought stress conditions, but under prolonged drought stress, proline concentration increased. The application of 20 and 25 ppm gibberellin under moderate dehydration (90 mm evaporation from evaporation pan) increased leaf proline concentrations by 36% and 50%, respectively, compared with control treatment (no gibberellin consumption). Under severe drought stress conditions (120 mm evaporation from the evaporation pan), proline concentrations with 20 and 25 ppm gibberellin were 32% and 21% higher than gibberellin consumption, respectively. Overall, the results showed that gibberellin acid, through positive effects on increasing and improving the yield components, can ultimately increase corn grain yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - آنالیز کمی و کیفی برخی متابولیتهای اولیه و ثانویه علفهای هرز رایج منطقه گنبد کاووس
ابراهیم غلامعلی پور علمداری جواد بیات کوهسار امیر قربانی علی محمد خوجه فاطمه حسنعلی زاده چاری -
Open Access Article
15 - ارزش غذایی سیلاژ علوفه BRS Capiacu (Pennisetum purpureum) مرتبط با کاکتوس گلابی
اف.پی. مونکااُ و.ر. روچاجونیور جی.تی. سیلوا ن.جی. دِجسوس اُ.اف.سی. مارکواِس جی.پی.اس. رگوئیرا ای.سی.جی. سالس آ.آ.جی. سیلوا جونیور د.د. آلوز سی.سی.سی. کاروالهو و.م. گومس د.ب. لیلهدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی بهترین سطحی از وارد کردن کاکتوس گلابی در سیلو کردن دانههای علوفه فیل برزیلی (BRS) capiacu (Pennisetum purpureum)، آثار آن روی ویژگیهای تخمیری، و ارزش غذایی بود. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل سیلاژ علوفه BRS capiacu با پنج سطح از وارد کردن کاکتوس گلاب Moreهدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی بهترین سطحی از وارد کردن کاکتوس گلابی در سیلو کردن دانههای علوفه فیل برزیلی (BRS) capiacu (Pennisetum purpureum)، آثار آن روی ویژگیهای تخمیری، و ارزش غذایی بود. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل سیلاژ علوفه BRS capiacu با پنج سطح از وارد کردن کاکتوس گلابی (0، 5، 10، 15 و 20 درصد گنجانده شده به عنوان پایه تازه) در طول سیلوکردن بود. یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با پنج تیمار و شش تکرار استفاده شد. گنجاندن کاکتوس گلابی در سیلاژ علوفه BRS capiacu مقدار pH حجم سیلو شده را تغییر نداد (P=0.18)، با میانگین 3.8. تنوع حاشیهای بین بالاترین دز کاکتوس گلابی گنجانده شده و گروه کنترل (بدون کاکتوس گلابی) برای پساب (effluent) 50.33 درصد، با میانگین 1.06 درصد برای هر واحد درصد از کاکتوس گلابی گنجانده شده بود. محتوی خاکستر (P=0.79)، کل کربوهیدارتهای (P=0.30)، کل مواد غذایی قابل هضم (P=0.79)، پروتئین محلول در شوینده خنثی (P=0.66) و عصاره اتر (P=0.42) با گنجاندن کاکتوس گلابی تغییر نکرد، میانگینها به ترتیب 8.01، 2.53، 3.14، 11.74، 80.88 و 44.69 درصد بود. قابیلت هضم in vitro ماده خشک (0.01>P) و فیبر شوینده در محلول خنثی (0.01>P) به طور خطی با گنجاندن کاکتوس گلابی افزایش یافت. گنجاندن تا 5 درصد کاکتوس گلابی در سیلاژ علوفه BRS capiacu ویژگیهای تخمیری و ارزش غذایی سیلاژ را بهبود میدهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - اثرات آنزیمهای بیرونی تجزیهکننده الیاف روی تخمیر شکمبهای علوفه ذرت جارویی وحشی در محیط آزمایشگاه
اس. سوجانی آ.ن. پاتهیرانا ر.ت. سرسینهه ک.ب. داسانایاکااین مطالعه برای ارزیابی توانایی آنزیم­های تجاری سلولاز، زایلاناز و مخلوط آنها برای بهبود تخمیر شکمبه­ای علوفه ذرت جاروییاکوتیپ A انجام شد. آزمایش بر اساس طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی انجام شد. انکوباسیون داخل آزمایشگاهی با چهار دوز 50، 100، 150 و 200 میکرولیتر ا Moreاین مطالعه برای ارزیابی توانایی آنزیم­های تجاری سلولاز، زایلاناز و مخلوط آنها برای بهبود تخمیر شکمبه­ای علوفه ذرت جاروییاکوتیپ A انجام شد. آزمایش بر اساس طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی انجام شد. انکوباسیون داخل آزمایشگاهی با چهار دوز 50، 100، 150 و 200 میکرولیتر از آنزیم­های فردی سلولاز و زایلاناز و مخلوط آنها (با نسبت 1 به 1) با 500 میلی­گرم سوبسترا انجام شد. تولید گازهای شکمبه­ای در فواصل چهار ساعت تعیین شدند. در پایان 24 ساعت انکوباسییون، ناپدید شدن ماده خشک، ازت آمونیاکی، جمعیت پروتوزوایی و اسیدهای چرب فرار تخمین زده شدند. مکمل کردن با سلولاز، زایلاناز و مخلوطی از آنها به­ طور معنی­داری تولید گاز و ناپدید شدن ماده خشک را افزایش داد. تولید ازت آمونیاکی به طور معنی­داری با زایلاناز و مخلوط آنها افزایش یافت. اگرچه مجموع اسیدهای چرب فرار تغییر معنی­داری نشان نداد، تولید استات به­ طور معنی­داری توسط مخلوط آنزیم سلولاز و زایلاناز کاهش یافت در حالیکه همین تیمار تولید بوتیرات را افزایش داد. تیمار سلولاز و زایلاناز منجر به کاهش معنی­دار در نسبت استات به پروپیونات شد. کاهش غیر معنی­داری در جمعیت پروتوزوایی شکمبه در پاسخ به تیمار آنزیمی مشاهده شد. در نتیجه، مکمل آنزیم­های بیرونی تجزیه­کننده الیاف در محیط آزمایشگاه توانست تخمیر شکمبه­ای علوفه ذرت جارویی اکوتیپA را بهبود دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - بررسی تأثیر فصل بر مصرف ماده خشک و فعالیت تولیدمثلی بزهای نر مرغز در غرب ایران
م. سوری ر. میرمحمودیدر این آزمایش از 10 رأس بز نر نژاد مرغز (میانگین وزن 2/1±2/29 کیلوگرم) برای مطالعه اثر فصل بر مصرف ماده خشک و فعالیت تولیدمثلی استفاده شد. دامها در در قفسهای انفرادی و تحت نور طبیعی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه واقع در غرب ایران به م Moreدر این آزمایش از 10 رأس بز نر نژاد مرغز (میانگین وزن 2/1±2/29 کیلوگرم) برای مطالعه اثر فصل بر مصرف ماده خشک و فعالیت تولیدمثلی استفاده شد. دامها در در قفسهای انفرادی و تحت نور طبیعی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه واقع در غرب ایران به مدت یک سال نگهداری شدند. جیره غذایی با 9/7 مگاژول انرژی متابولیسمی و 8/98 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک پروتئین خام در طول دوره آزمایش به دامها داده شد. وزن زنده، مصرف ماده خشک و افزایش وزن روزانه هر کدام از دامها به طور هفتگی اندازهگیری شد. غلظت هورمون تستسترون در سرم نمونههای خون ماهانه اندازهگیری شد. نمونههای منی به طور ماهانه از دامها توسط دستگاه الکترواجاکیولیتور جمعآوری گردید و بلافاصله بعد از آن توسط میکروسکوپ نوری بررسی شد. در طی آزمایش، رفتارهای جنسی دامها و اندازه بیضهها به طور ماهانه ثبت گردید. حداکثر مصرف ماده خشک در فصول تابستان (9/0±3/64 گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن متابولیکی) و بهار (9/2±2/62 گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن متابولیکی) و حداقل آن در فصل زمستان (9/0±0/54 گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن متابولیکی) ثبت گردید. ارزش افزایش وزن روزانه به صورت بهار > تابستان > زمستان > پاییز ثبت شد. بیشترین رفتارهای جنسی در اواخر تابستان و سپس در طی پاییز که مصادف بود با حداکثر غلظت هورمون تستسترون (1/10-8 نانوگرم بر میلیلیتر) ثبت گردید. علاوه بر این، بهترین شاخص و حجم منی (2/1-1/1 میلیلیتر)، طول بیضه (7/14-3/13 سانتیمتر)، عرض بیضه (1/6-0/6 سانتیمتر) و محیط بیضه (5/35-2/32 سانتیمتر) در اواخر تابستان و در فصل پاییز مشاهده شد. نتایج این آزمایش نشان میدهد که مصرف ماده خشک و فعالیت تولیدمثلی بزهای نر مرغز با یکدیگر مرتبط بوده و ناشی از تغییرات فصلی فتوپریود میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The Effect of Graded Levels of Crude Glycerin in BRS Capiaçu Grass Silage: Fermentation Profile and Bromatological Composition
م.سی.آ. سیلوا ن.م. کستا جی.پی.اس. ریگوریا د.ل.اس. جسوس ن.ب.اس. سیلوا و.اس. سیلوا فیلهو جی.ت. سیلوا جی.جی.اس. آرایوجو وی.ر. روچا جونیور د.د. آلوز جی.م.آ. چامون اف.پی. مونکااُ -
Open Access Article
19 - بررسی اثرات 1-MCP (1-متیل سیکلوپروپن) بر شاخصهای مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و عمر گلدانی Primula sinensis L.
المیرا قاسم زاده ندا نکویار محمود قاسم نژاد زکیه صفااثرات 1-MCP بر برخی از صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و عمر گلدانی گل پامچال در یک آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایۀ طرح کاملاً تصادفی با دو فاکتور 1-MCP در شش سطح (0، 50، 75، 100، 150 و 200 نانولیتر در لیتر)، در سه مدت زمان (18، 21 و 24 ساعت) در سه تکرار به تعداد 54 کرت آزمایشی و 270 بوت Moreاثرات 1-MCP بر برخی از صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و عمر گلدانی گل پامچال در یک آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایۀ طرح کاملاً تصادفی با دو فاکتور 1-MCP در شش سطح (0، 50، 75، 100، 150 و 200 نانولیتر در لیتر)، در سه مدت زمان (18، 21 و 24 ساعت) در سه تکرار به تعداد 54 کرت آزمایشی و 270 بوته پامچال مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش در اتاق پس از برداشت دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رشت با دمای محیط 2±20 درجه سانتی­گراد، رطوبت­نسبی 60 تا 70 درصد، شدت نور 15 تا 20 میکرومول بر مترمربع بر ثانیه و طول روز 12 ساعت انجام شد. در این تحقیق تولید اتیلن، درصد ماده خشک، عمر گلدانی گل پامچال، محتوای پروتئین در گلبرگها، شاخصهای کلروفیل a، b و کل و نسبت گلچههای باز به گلچههای بسته اندازهگیری شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثر مدت زمان فقط بر تولید اتیلن و میزان پروتئین گلبرگ معنیدار بود، اما غلظت 1-MCP روی تمامی صفات به جز عمر گلدانی معنیدار بود. اثر متقابل مدت زمان و غلظت 1-MCP از نظر آماری بر عمر گلدانی در سطح 5 درصد معنیدار بود، به­طوری که تیمار T3C5 (24 ساعت + 150 نانولیتر در لیتر 1-MCP) عمر گلدانی را 2/1 روز در مقایسه با شاهد افزایش داد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Effect of different mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilizer on growth traits and grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Hossien Hamidi1,2 Seyed Keyvan Marashi2*In order to investigate the effects of different mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilizer on growth traits and grain yield of wheat, an experiment was conducted in factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor includ MoreIn order to investigate the effects of different mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilizer on growth traits and grain yield of wheat, an experiment was conducted in factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor included mycorrhizal fungi application as non-use of fungi (control), Glomus intraradices, Glomus mossea and Glomus fasciculatum and the second factor included various levels of phosphorus fertilization included non-application of fertilizer (control), 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1. The results showed that the effect of fungi, phosphorus fertilizer and interaction between the application of fungi and phosphorus fertilizer on leaf area index, dry matter, root dry matter and grain yield were significant. In all treatments of mycorrhizal fungi with increasing of phosphorous fertilizer level, leaf area index, total dry matter, root dry matter and grain yield increased. Maximum values in all studied traits were observed under the application of Glomus intraradices and Glomus mossea. Glomus mossea and Glomus intraradices at 80 kg ha-1 fertilizer level was the best condition for all traits. But in Glomus fasciculatum, the maximum of traits was obtained at 120 kg ha-1 fertilizer. In general, using Glomus mossea and Glomus intraradices can reduce the use of phosphate fertilizers, which could be a new approach to achieve sustainable agriculture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Effects of amounts and nitrogen fertilizer splitting on yield, yield components and dry matter remobilization of wheat (cv. Chamran)
Morteza Khanjani1 Abdollah Bahrani2*This experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized blocks design with 3 replications during 2014-2015 in Ramhormoz, Khozestan province. The experiment consisted of two factors: nitrogen fertilizer rates: (zero, 50, 100 and 200 kg per hectare) and MoreThis experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized blocks design with 3 replications during 2014-2015 in Ramhormoz, Khozestan province. The experiment consisted of two factors: nitrogen fertilizer rates: (zero, 50, 100 and 200 kg per hectare) and split nitrogen application included: T1 = (50% at planting + 50% at stem elongation), T2 = (33% at planting + 33% at stem elongation + 33% before ear emergence), T3 = (25% at planting + 50% + 25%at stem elongation before ear emergence) and T4 = (25% at planting + 25% + 25% at stem elongation before ear emergence + 25% in the milky stage. The results showed that difference between the levels of nitrogen fertilizer in plant height, number of spikes per square meter, grain number per spike, 1000-seed weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index and the amount and efficiency of current photosynthesis at 1% level of probability and remobilization rate of dry matter at 5% level of probability. Effect of split application of nitrogen on plant height, number of spikes per square meter, grain yield, biological yield and current photosynthesis at 1% level of probability and the efficiency photosynthesis current at 5% level of probability was significant. The interaction of the amount and nitrogen fertilizer splitting on biological yield and efficiency of dry matter remobilization and efficiency of current photosynthesis at 1% level of probability was significant. The highest grain yield was in N2 (100 kg ha nitrogen) with 5.5141 kg/ha and fertilizer splitting in T3 (25% at planting + 50% + 25% at stem elongation before ear emergence) 4.4592 kg/ha, respectively. The greatest amount and efficiency of current photosynthesis were observed in N2 (100 kg/ha nitrogen) and T3 (25% planting + 50% + 25% stem elongation before Ear emergence). In general, consuming 100 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer with T3 splitting (25% planting + 50% stem elongation + 25% before Ear emergence) increase yield and yield components compared to other treatments and it can be recommended in the region of study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Assessing the effect of zeolite levels on grain yield, yield components and re-transfer of dry matter of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars in Miyaneh region
Davar Gharadaghi Ali Faramarzi Jalil Ajali Mehrdad Abdi Naser NazariA test was conducted in Achachi village by a split-plot factorial design in form of a completely randomized design model with three replications in 2017-2018. The treatments include three stress levels (a1: without stress (flooding), a2: irrigation interval per 10 days MoreA test was conducted in Achachi village by a split-plot factorial design in form of a completely randomized design model with three replications in 2017-2018. The treatments include three stress levels (a1: without stress (flooding), a2: irrigation interval per 10 days (from the beginning of clawing step), a3: irrigation interval of 20 days (since the clawing step), zeolite in two levels (b1: non-use (control), b2: 10 ton/ha), and cultivars in 4 levels (c1: Shahpasand, c2: local Tarom, c3: CT13382-8-3-M, c4: Sangjoo). The maximum yield was in a combination of flooding and zeolite use in cultivar of CT13382-8-3-M with an average of 5.9 ton/ha, and the minimum yield was in a combination of once every 20 days’ irrigation and non-use of zeolite in a cultivar of Shahpasand with the average of 1.06 ton/ha. The maximum transfer of the dry matter from the aerial parts was obtained when Sangjoo cultivar was irrigated once every 10 days in non-use of zeolite (816 kg/ha), and the share of grain re-transfer was reduced by increasing zeolite use. The other leaves have the main role of the dry matter re-transfer to the gain than the other parts (stem and flag leaf). In addition, its amount depends on the genotype and the environmental conditions and varied from -3.45 to 14.63%. The role of stems to transfer the dry matter to the grain was lower than the other aerial parts and in range of 2.5-16.7%. Totally, it seems that the re-transfer of the dry matter from the aerial parts of rice genotypes has an important role in filling the grains. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - ارزیابی شاخصهای کارایی مصرف آب در دشتهای منتخب استان فارس
حمیدرضا میرزایی خلیل مهدی اسفندیاری جواد شهرکی مرتضی یعقوبیهدف این مطالعه، بررسی شاخصهای مصرف آب محصولات زراعی و باغی است. دادهها از طریق پرسشنامه و مصاحبه با 164 کشاورز و با استفاده از دو روش نمونه گیری هدفمند و نمونه گیری تصادفی خوشهای چندمرحله ای گردآوری شد. در این راستا، شاخصهای هزینه استخراج آب و بازده ریالی Moreهدف این مطالعه، بررسی شاخصهای مصرف آب محصولات زراعی و باغی است. دادهها از طریق پرسشنامه و مصاحبه با 164 کشاورز و با استفاده از دو روش نمونه گیری هدفمند و نمونه گیری تصادفی خوشهای چندمرحله ای گردآوری شد. در این راستا، شاخصهای هزینه استخراج آب و بازده ریالی هر متر مکعب آب با دو روش اقتصادسنجی و مدیریتی محاسبه شد. قیمت سایهای و تولید ماده خشک هر متر مکعب آب نیز ارزیابی گردید. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین بازده ریالی هر متر مکعب آب 3875.4 ریال و هزینه هر متر مکعب آب چاه معادل 839.3 میباشد که چهار برابر بیشتر از ارزش برخی پروژههای توسعه منابع آبی است. در نهایت با توجه به نتایج اصلاح روابط مبادله قیمتی پیشنهاد شده است. در نهایت استفاده از سیاستهای کنترلی و مشارکت در تامین مالی پروژههای تغذیه مصنوعی سفرههای آب زیرزمینی توصیه میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The effect of biological and chemical fertilizers on fodder production and dry matter distribution of triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack)
Farhad Beiranvand masoud rafiee Ali Khorgami Kazem TaleshiIn order to study the effect of biological and chemical fertilizers on the performance and transfer of photosynthetic materials of triticale under rainfed conditions, a split plot experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design in two cropping years MoreIn order to study the effect of biological and chemical fertilizers on the performance and transfer of photosynthetic materials of triticale under rainfed conditions, a split plot experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design in two cropping years (2014 and 2015). The tested factors include biofertilizer (main factor) at five levels, control (no use), azotobarvar-1, mycorrhiza, phosphate fertilizer-2, potabarvar-2 and chemical nitrogen fertilizer (urea source) (secondary factor) at four levels, included, control, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha-1. The results showed that the combination of bio-chemical fertilizer increases the yield of fodder and transfer of materials. The efficiency of dry fodder in the combination of 100 and 150 kg/ha-1 of urea fertilizer with biological fertilizers was 5428, 5668 and 3528 kg/ha-1, respectively. The results showed that the maximum and minimum transfer of photosynthetic substances from vegetative organs to seeds (transfer of dry matter, share of transfer of dry matter to seeds, rate of transfer of dry matter from the stem) changes (634.6 g/plant) and (121%). The general results showed that in rainy conditions, the combined application of biofertilizer with urea during planting will result in the optimal yield of triticale. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The effect of the amount nitrogen applied on grain yield and dry matter remobilization of maize (Zea mays L.) in drought stress conditions
abdol karim Banisaeidi mohammad motamediA field experiment was carried out in shushtar in 2012.The experiment was carried out in a split plot design based on randomized complete blocks with four replications. This study included drought stress as irrigation at different stages of plant growth (V1= withholding MoreA field experiment was carried out in shushtar in 2012.The experiment was carried out in a split plot design based on randomized complete blocks with four replications. This study included drought stress as irrigation at different stages of plant growth (V1= withholding irrigation at the beginning of 10 leaves to emerge tassel, V2= withholding irrigation at rise of 50 percent of tassel, until becoming a brown silk, V3= irrigation according to plant requirement until the end of the growing season) as main plot and three levels of nitrogen rate (50, 100, 150 kg N/ha) as sub plots were investigated. The results showed that the grain yield significantly under the influence of stress the lack of moisture. The maximum dry matter remobilization was in the rise of 50 percent of tassel, until becoming a brown silk and increase N fertilizer, dry matter remobilization decreased. Treatment of no water stress (control) and application of 150 kg N/ha with an average of 7.4% has a minimum rate of dry remobilization efficiency. The rise of 50 percent of tassel, until becoming a brown silk treatment, with an average of 29.1% has the maximum contributions of dry matter remobilization in grain yield. Increase the amount of nitrogen was significantly reduced nitrogen agronomic efficiency. Applied moisture and N fertilizer on before flowering stage in the event of water stress at this stage was increased through stimulation of the amount of dry matter remobilization can be prevented to some extent a drastic reduction of grain weight. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Investigation of Effects of Bio Fertilizer Application on Zinc uptake and Some of Vegetative Growth Indices of Corn (Zea Mays L.) in a Non-Sterile Calcareous Soil with Different Levels of Salinity
H.R. Bostani mostafa chorom abdolamir moezzi najafali karimian naimeh enayati zamir mehdi zareiSalinity affects plant growth by decreasing the water and nutrients uptakes and disturbing the nutritional balance of plants. To investigate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on Zinc (Zn) uptake and some of MoreSalinity affects plant growth by decreasing the water and nutrients uptakes and disturbing the nutritional balance of plants. To investigate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on Zinc (Zn) uptake and some of growth indices of Corn (Zea Mays L.) at different soil salinity levels, a factorial experiment as completely randomized design with 3 replications was conducted in greenhouse of Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran. Factors included three salinity levels (0 (S1), 15(S1) and 30 (S2) Meq salt kg-1 soil) and microbial inoculation (without inoculation (C), Glumus Intradices (F), Pesudomonas bacteria (B) and fungi + bacteria (BF)). The results showed that dry matter of shoot and root, root colonization percentage, stem diameter, plant height, leaf area and chlorophyll index were significantly reduced by increasing of salinity levels from S0 to S2. Using all microbial treatments resulted in increasing of all the above mentioned growth indices at all salinity levels significantly. Generally, the use of fungi and fungi-bacterial treatments in enhancement of growth indices of plant were higher than bacterial treatment alone. Zn concentration in shoot and root was increased by increasing of salinity levels while Zn uptakes were significantly decreased. Also, Zn concentration and uptakes in shoot and root were significantly increased by application of all microbial treatments compared to control and the higher increase was related to fungi-bacterial treatment and the lowest increase observed in bacterial treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Agronomic and physiological response of Nigella sativa L. to Ascorbate and methanol foliar application in water deficit stress
Mojtaba Baradaran Firouzabadi Mahdie Parsaeian Mehdi Baradaran FirouzabadiNowadays, the application of antioxidant and osmotic regulator substances is discussed in order to reduce the negative effects of various stresses. Ascorbate and methanol as the one of these substances cause resistant to stresses in plant. In order to examine this subje MoreNowadays, the application of antioxidant and osmotic regulator substances is discussed in order to reduce the negative effects of various stresses. Ascorbate and methanol as the one of these substances cause resistant to stresses in plant. In order to examine this subject in plant medicinal (Nigella sativa L.), the split plot factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted in three replications in University of Shahrood at 2011. The main factor was irrigation levels (8 and 16 day interval as no stress and severe stress) and sub factors were foliar application of methanol (0, 15 and 30 %V) and ascorbate (0, 10 and 20 mM). Foliar applications of treatments were applied 45 and 55 days after planting. The results indicated that, dry matter accumulation in leaf and stem, 1000 seed weight, number of secondary branches in plant, relative water content and membrane stability index were decreased by water deficit stress significantly. Foliar application of ascorbate and methanol especially in the highest concentration increased all traits except 1000 seed weight in stress and no-stress conditions. The higher amount of relative water content and membrane stability index were obtained from highest concentrations of ascorbate and methanol together. Also, oil yield increased 27.8 percentages in this treatment. Therefore, in this experiment combination of 20 Mm ascorbate and 30 %V methanol is advisable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative traits of alfalfa cultivars forage in different cuts in yazd region
سید علی طباطبایی Ehsan Shakeri مژگان علی نیاIn order to study the effect of cultivar and different cuts on forage yield and protein content of alfalfa cultivars (Mesasirsa, Santetic, Yazdi, Bami, Nik Shahri and Baghdadi), an experiment was conducted in the form of split plot arrangement in randomized complete blo MoreIn order to study the effect of cultivar and different cuts on forage yield and protein content of alfalfa cultivars (Mesasirsa, Santetic, Yazdi, Bami, Nik Shahri and Baghdadi), an experiment was conducted in the form of split plot arrangement in randomized complete block design with four replications at Agricultural and natural resources research center of Yazd in 2013-14 growing season. The results showed that effect of cultivar and different cuts was significant on all traits. Misasirsa, Yazdi, Bami and Santetic had the highest fresh forage yield (17.29, 17.02, 17.37 and 18.27 ton/ha) and dry forage yield (4.47, 4.7, 4.56 and 4.59 ton/ha) respectively. Among the cultivars and different cuts, NikShahri and Yazdi had the highest (1.16 and 1.18 respectively) and first harvest had the highest (2) leaf stem ratio. Among the cultivars, the percent of dry matter of NikShahri cultivar was higher than (27.8) other cultivars. First and third harvest had the highest dry matter percent (30.5 and 29.99 respectively). Among the different cuts, First harvest had the highest dry forage yield (6.55 ton/ha). Protein percent of mesasirsa cultivar (21.98) was higher than other cultivars. First and third harvest had the highest protein percent (22.81 and 21.98 respectively). Generally, Yazdi cultivar in first harvest had the highest leaf stem ratio (2.68), dry matter percent (34.68) and dry forage yield (8.03 ton/ha), So, this cultivar was most suitable for Yazd region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Modeling growth and yield of safflower in Isfahan
Valiallah Dadrasi بنیامین ترابی سهیلا قاسمی مهامThis study was performed to yield prediction and statistical modeling of Safflower. Phenology, dry matter production and distribution and soil-water balance sub models should be studied in order to growth stages and yield prediction in agricultural crops. Parameters rel MoreThis study was performed to yield prediction and statistical modeling of Safflower. Phenology, dry matter production and distribution and soil-water balance sub models should be studied in order to growth stages and yield prediction in agricultural crops. Parameters related to each sub model were estimated using data reported on different sowing dates during the years 2002-2015 in Isfahan region and the data reported by other researchers in other regions. Growth and yield changes were calculated by phenology, dry matter production and distribution using meteorological data from Isfahan region, and the safflower crop yield at the end of growing season was predicted. One of the model evaluation criteria is comparison of coefficient of linear regression between observed and predicted yield (a= 0.46 ± 0.073, b= 1.49 ± 0.18) with coefficient of line 1:1. In the field experiments the limit for Coefficient of variation (CV) is 20 to 25. Accuracy of the model was high, regarding to the coefficient of variation of predicted and observed grain yield (CV=8.89). R2 of grain yield was 0.75, which is indicating that predicted data are 70 percent likely match with observed data. Variation range for observed data was 1.2 to 4.61 tones per hectar and the mean was 2.9 tones and for the predicted data it was 1.94 to 3.62 tones per hectar and the mean was 2.78 Tones per hectar. In all cases, simulated yield compliance with observed yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Evaluation growth indices of two cultivars of Native and Corrected rice (Oryza sativa L.) in different irrigation Management.
Nematollah sedaghat همت اله پیردشتی علی راحمی کاریزکی سعید صفی خانیIn order to determine the effect of different irrigation managements on rice growth indices, an experiment was done in factorial based on randomized complete block design in Rice Research Institute of Iran, Deputy of Mazandaran, Amol during 2011. Treatments were differe MoreIn order to determine the effect of different irrigation managements on rice growth indices, an experiment was done in factorial based on randomized complete block design in Rice Research Institute of Iran, Deputy of Mazandaran, Amol during 2011. Treatments were different irrigation managements including Alternate Wet and Drying (AWD), Semi-Dry Cultivation (SDC), combining Shallow water depth with Wetting and Drying (SWD) and Traditional Irrigation (TI) and two contrast cultivars of Tarom and Fajr as native and improved cultivars, respectively. Growth indices were fitted using measuring the dry weight and leaf area over seven sampling times during rice growing stages. The results showed that IT (with an average of 7694 kg) had the highest paddy yield followed by AWD (with an average of 7056 kg), SDC (with an average of 6856/8 kg) and SWD (with an average of 6358/7 kg). Leaf area index in Tarom cultivar varied from 2.99 in the combining Shallow water depth with wetting and drying to 4.6 in alternate wet and drying regimes. By contrast, LAI in Fajr cultivar ranged from 4.1 in the alternate wet and drying to 5.6 in traditional irrigation regimes. In conclusion, the maximum leaf area index, net assimilation rate in Tarom and Fajr cultivars to AWD and SDC irrigation managements could be introduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Investigation of dry matter changes in different organs of four safflower cultivars
Benyamin Torabi Hasan Saadatkhah Valialah Dadrasi Nastaran Solhi-OskouiThe aim of this study was to quantify the dry matter production in different organs in safflower. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized block design with four replicates in Research Farm of Vali-e-Asr University in 2012. F MoreThe aim of this study was to quantify the dry matter production in different organs in safflower. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized block design with four replicates in Research Farm of Vali-e-Asr University in 2012. Factors were included sowing dates (4 April, 25 April and 16 May) and cultivars (411, Sina, Local Isfahan and Sofeh). Results showed that linear exponential model best described the trend of dry matter production versus days after planting. Maximum dry matter accumulation was obtained in the first planting date and decreased with a delay in planting. With delay in planting, maximum stem dry mater accumulation and time to maximum stem growth rate were decreased. In the first and second planting dates, stem dry matter was high for local Isfahan cultivar. While there was no a significant difference among cultivars in the third planting date. The trend of grain dry mater accumulation was described the best with logistical models. Grain dry matter accumulation had high in the first and second planting date and then strongly reduced in the third planting date. In the first and second planting dates, maximum grain dry matter had not significantly different among different cultivars. In the second planting date minimum grain dry mater accumulation was obtained from 411 cultivars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Investigation of irrigation interval and nitrogen rates on some growth indices and yield of corn
Ebrahim AmiriIn order to investigate the effects of irrigation and nitrogen application on some morphological traits and grain yield of corn (SC704) an experiment was conducted in agricultural research farm of Lahijan during 2010. Experimental design was split plot based on Randomiz MoreIn order to investigate the effects of irrigation and nitrogen application on some morphological traits and grain yield of corn (SC704) an experiment was conducted in agricultural research farm of Lahijan during 2010. Experimental design was split plot based on Randomized Complete Blocks Design in three replications. Main plots were three irrigation regimes including (rainfed, irrigation interval after 6 and 12 days). Sub plots were five nitrogen rates (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg N ha-1). The results indicated no irrigation and nitrogen application caused significant reduction in leaf area index, total dry matter and grain yield. Non significant differences exist between 180 and 240 kg N ha-1 treatments and also 6 and 12 days irrigation interval in above traits. With reduction of irrigation water and nitrogen rates, silking and ear formation delayed and flowering duration decreased. The most appropriate of management of irrigation and nitrogen obtain in irrigation interval after 12 days and 180 kg N-1 treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Effect of irrigation regimes on some quantity and quality traits of three bread wheat cultivars in Isfahan province
H. DehghanzadehTo determine the effect of irrigation regimes on some quantity and quality traits of three bread wheat cultivars in Isfahan, two one-year field experiments were carried out in a split plot layout arranged as randomized complete blocks design with four replicates in two MoreTo determine the effect of irrigation regimes on some quantity and quality traits of three bread wheat cultivars in Isfahan, two one-year field experiments were carried out in a split plot layout arranged as randomized complete blocks design with four replicates in two consecutive growing seasons; 2012 - 2013 and 2013 - 2014. The main plots considered irrigation regimes (irrigation after 75, 95 and 115 mm cumulative evaporation from class A evaporation pan), and sub-plots considered three wheat cultivars (Sepahan, Ghods and Pishtazs).Results showed that irrigation after 75 and 95 mm cumulative evaporation did not differ significantly for morphological traits, yield and yield components. Delay in irrigation from 95 to 115 mm cumulative pan evaporation significantly reduced grain yield and its components and increased protein percent. Ghods and Pishtaz cultivars had the highest and the lowest number of grain per spike and the lowest and the highest thousand kernel weight and the lowest and the highest grain yield, respectively. It was concluded that by irrigation wheat after 95 mm cumulative pan evaporation, water could be saved by 22% with no significant loss in yield, while grain protein increased by 1.77 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Assessment Water Consumption and Planting Pattern on Edaphic Soil Properties and Grain Yields of Corn in Khouzestan Province
H. Dashti Sh. Lak غلامرضا عبادوزThis research was conducted as split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design in three replication at research farm of Islamic Azad university of Ahvaz branch to determine water requirement and optimum planting pattern of corn hybrid (S.C 704) in 2012. MoreThis research was conducted as split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design in three replication at research farm of Islamic Azad university of Ahvaz branch to determine water requirement and optimum planting pattern of corn hybrid (S.C 704) in 2012. Main plot was irrigation included three level (60%, 80%, 100%) and sub plot was included two planting pattern (cultivate in furrow and middle of stack). Effect of water requirement on all measured traits (soil salinity, soil moisture percent, sodium absorption rate, day to flowering, days to silk appearance 50%, number of rows per ear, number of grain per row, grain weight, grain yield, yield dry matter) expect harvest index were significant at 1% probability level. Interaction effect of water requirement and planting pattern on traits of soil salinity, soil moisture percent, sodium absorption rate, grain yield and dry matter yield were significant. Treatment of 100% water irrigation and planting at furrow had Maximum grain yield (1086.2 g.m-2) and yield dry matter (2060.5 g.m-2). Maximum soil salinity (6.183 ds.m-1) and sodium abortion rate (4.487) were achieved at treatment of 60% Irrigation and planting on middle of stack. Generally it can be recommended to planting furrow without drought stress and supply water requirement completely to achieve maximum corn yield in Khuzestan sour lip land. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Effect of terminal drought stress on water use, growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
علیرضا نه بندانی افشین سلطانی پریسا درویشی رادMost producing countries chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), including Iran, are located in arid and semi-arid environments and terminal drought, drought stress in during pod formation and grain filling of the most important factors limiting the yield of the plant is conside MoreMost producing countries chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), including Iran, are located in arid and semi-arid environments and terminal drought, drought stress in during pod formation and grain filling of the most important factors limiting the yield of the plant is considered. In order to examine the effect of the time of beginning terminal drought of chickpea, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with four replication was conducted under greenhouse conditions at the Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. Treatments consisted of two planting dates (5 Jan and 16 Feb 2004) and the time of beginning of terminal drought (at flowering and 10 and 20 days after flowering and a well-watered treatment (control). Occurrence of terminal drought at flowering and 10 and 20 days later reduced water use by 36, 24 and 15%, respectively, and dry matter production by 31, 23 and 10%, respectively. In the first sowing date, beginning terminal drought at flowering and 10 and 20 days later resulted in 79, 71 and 7% reduction in grain yield, respectively. In the second sowing date, the reductions were 57, 57 and 42%, respectively. So, optimal sowing date and supplementary irrigation at reproductive stages could be a great management option to decrease the negative aspects terminal drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Effect of humic acid application on agronomic characteristics of some varieties of clover (Trifolium sp.)
علی تدین مجتبی ظفریانIn order to evaluate the effect of humic acid application on agronomic characteristics of some varieties of clover (Trifolium sp.), a field experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replicates at Research Field of Faculty MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of humic acid application on agronomic characteristics of some varieties of clover (Trifolium sp.), a field experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replicates at Research Field of Faculty of Agriculture, Shahr-e-Kord University, Shahr-e-Kord, Iran in 2013. Three varieties of clover (Bersim, Haftchin (Persian) and Kermanshahi) were considered as the first factor and three levels of humic acid applications [control (without humic acid), 5 and 10 lha-1] as the second factors. Results showed that shoot dry weight, dry weight per plant, root and shoot dry weight per plant, plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter were affected by interaction effect of variety×humic acid. First and Second time of harvest had 57% and 43% of the most values of treatments, respectively. Haftchin and Kermanshahi varieties had the highest and Bersim had the lowest values of the treatments. Humic acid with 10 l ha-1 produced the highest values of measured treatments. In general, application of 10 liter humic acid per ha produced the highest values of shoot dry weight by 3410 and 3800 kg ha-1 in Kermanshahi and Haftchin varieties, respectively. Bersim produced the lowest value of shoot dry weight by 686 kg ha-1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Growth and physiological reactions of common bean cv. Sanry in response to salicylic acid and biostimulants under different irrigation regimes
Zahra Ghahremani Taher Barzegar Jaefar Nikbakht Zahra GhahramaniIn order to study the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) and biostimulants on growth, physiological characters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration and pod yield of common bean cv. Sanry under different irrigation regimes, the experiment wa MoreIn order to study the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) and biostimulants on growth, physiological characters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration and pod yield of common bean cv. Sanry under different irrigation regimes, the experiment was conducted split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replicates in research filed of university of Zanjan during 2015. Three different irrigation (I) regimes (100, 75 and 50% ETc) and foliar application of salicylic acid (0.5, 1 and 1.5 mM), Megafol (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% MF) and to distilled water as control were conducted. The results showed that water deficit stress significantly reduced growth and pod yield. Foliar application of SA and MF enhanced growth and fruit yield. The irrigation × foliar treatments interactions results suggested that maximum leaf number (43.1), leaf area (2729.3 cm-2) and pod yield (6193.9 kg.ha-1) was obtained using MF 0.2% under I100 %ETc. Plants sprayed with SA 1.5mM and MF 0.2% exhibited higher stomatal conductance (205.27 mM.m-2s-1) under I100 %ETc. The highest N (2.47%), P (181.6 ppm) and K (0.88%) concentration was found in plants sprayed with MF 0.2%, SA 1mM and MF 0.3%, respectively under I100 %ETc. According to the results, MF 0.2% and SA 0.5 mM had the highest effects on growth and pod yield under water deficit stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The study of Azotobacter and urea fertilizers application on morphological characteristics of roots and shoot of barley
mohammad Eghbal Ghobadi Ardeshir Taherinezhad Saeid Jalali-Honarmand Hassan HeidariWhile Azetobacter bacteria in the rhizosphere, in addition to providing a part of the nitrogen will be production of crop growth promoting, root growth and yield. Acording to this, two experiments were in order to the effects of Azotobacter and nitrogen carried out on i MoreWhile Azetobacter bacteria in the rhizosphere, in addition to providing a part of the nitrogen will be production of crop growth promoting, root growth and yield. Acording to this, two experiments were in order to the effects of Azotobacter and nitrogen carried out on irrigated barley (Bahman variety) on root and shoot growth at booting stage (experiment 1) and root and shoot growth and also grain yield at ripening stage (experiment 2) in pot condition in Songhor town (cold area), Kermanshah Province as a factorial in based a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications during 2014-2015. Factors included Azotobacter chroococcum (0, 100 and 200 g ha-1) and nitrogen fertilizer (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1) from urea source. Analysis of variance showed that the effects of Azotobacter and nitrogen as well as interactions between them on all traits at two experiments were significant. The maximum of root traits, shoot dry weight and grain yield (21.77 g pot-1) at booting (experiment 1) and maturity stages (experiment 2) obtained at Azotobacter (200 g ha-1) and Nitrogen (200 kg ha-1) and declined amount of traits with decreased amount of treatments. But, this grain yield was not significant difference with Azotobacter (100 g ha-1) and nitrogen (100 kg ha-1) treatment (20.85 g pot-1). Generally, the results of this test showed that the consumption of 100 g ha-1 Azotobacter has been saved about 100 kg ha-1 nitrogen and reduced bio-environmental problemes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Evaluation of Forage Quality in Intercropping of Corn and Cowpea Affected by Foliar Application of Urea and Vermicompost
Ghodratollah Shah Karami farrokh rahimzadehkhoei Masoud Rafiei Bahram Mirshekari Varharam RashidiOne of the most important elements in forage crop production and management is high forage qualitative. In order to evaluation the effect of urea foliar application and vermicompost fertilizer on forage qualitative in corn (Zea mays L.) – cowpea (Vigna unguiculata MoreOne of the most important elements in forage crop production and management is high forage qualitative. In order to evaluation the effect of urea foliar application and vermicompost fertilizer on forage qualitative in corn (Zea mays L.) – cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) mix cropping, an experiment was lay out in RCBD as strip- split plot with four replications in Khorramabad temperate region during 2011- 2012. Urea foliar application and control, using vermicompost fertilizer and control, and corn + cowpea mix cropping (sole corn and sole cowpea, and %75:%25, %50: %50, %25: %75, corn:cowpea) were the factors. Urea foliar application and using vermicompost fertilizer had better performance than controls. The lowest pure fibers and the highest ash, pure protein, amount of forage energy, digestible dry matter, and protein yield were achieved from Urea foliar application and using vermicompost fertilizer and %75:%25 and %50: %50, corn:cowpea mix cropping rates. Results showed that foliar application significantly affected forage quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Effect of planting method and planting depth on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of different potato cultivars in Mahidasht of Kermanshah
Maryam Khosravi Abbas Maleki Heydar ZolnorianIn order to study the effect of planting methods and planting depth on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of potato cultivars a factorial experiment carried out based on randomized completely block design in three replications under Mahidasht Town in Kermansha MoreIn order to study the effect of planting methods and planting depth on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of potato cultivars a factorial experiment carried out based on randomized completely block design in three replications under Mahidasht Town in Kermanshah Province, 2014-15 season. Experimental factors in this research were planting methods includs conventional cultivation (Hill planting), planting in leveled soil surface (Flat planting) and planting in furrow. Planting depth were 7, 12 and 17 cm and three studied cultivars were Agria, Arinda and Banba. Results showed that planting methods had significant effect on all of studied parameters. Planting depth had not significant effect except of tuber PH. The interaction effect of planting method and planting depth on tuber mean weight and total tuber yield was significant. Triple effect interaction of examined factors showed that the Agria cultivar produced the highest tuber numbers (14.67) into furrow planting in the depth of 17 cm and the Banba cultivar produced the lowest tuber numbers (6.33) in hill planting in the depth of 7 cm. Mean comparison of parameters showed that the highest percentage of dry matter was observed into furrow planting with amount of 3.29% and the lowest in the hill cultivation method with amount of 4.6%. The highest tuber pH was obtained into furrow planting (5.81) because of better availability to nutrients. totally, the Arinda and Banba determined as the best cultivars to cultivation in this region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Investigation the different barley (Hordeum vulgare) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum) growth characteristics intercropping under nitrogen fertilizer at barley flowering stage
Shahnaz Toreifi Asfandiar Fateh Amir AynehbandIn order to study the competition ability and production potential of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum) intercropping under nitrogen fertilizer in barley flowering stage a field experiment was conducted in experimental farm of Agricultu MoreIn order to study the competition ability and production potential of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum) intercropping under nitrogen fertilizer in barley flowering stage a field experiment was conducted in experimental farm of Agricultural Faculty of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz at 2015-2016 growing season. Experimental design was randomized complete block as a factorial arrangement with three replications. The first factor was 8 planting patterns includes barley sole cropping, fenugreek sole cropping, fenugreek-barley intercropping ratios includes 2:1, 2:2, 3:1, 1:3, as replacement series, 100% barley+20% fenugreek as additive series and mixed intercropping. The second factor was two nitrogen fertilizer application includes control (no nitrogen fertilizer) and 40 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer. The results of showed the highest total dry matter at barley flowering stage (1345.1 gr/m2) was obtained at 3:1 barley-fenugreek intercropping and the lowest one (482.6 gr/m2) was recorded at fenugreek sole cropping without nitrogen fertilizer. Also the results revealed that all intercropping treatments had the highest dry matter than sole cropping that it showed the intercropping had superiority than sole cropping. The highest Land Equivalent Ratio (LER=1.5) was obtained at 3:1 barley-fenugreek intercropping. So that it is concluded that at barley flowering stage the best treatment was 3:1barley-fenugreek intercropping with 40 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Evaluation of dry matter remobilization of assimilates materials amount and their contribution to the yield of different bread wheat varieties and lines in Ardabil
Roghayyeh Zabihi-e-Mahmoodabad Ahmad Tobeh Marefat Ghasemi Shahzad Jamaati-e-SomarinIn order to evaluation of dry matter remobilization of assimilates materials amount and their contribution to the yield of different bread wheat varieties and lines in Ardabil, an experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications with ten cultivars MoreIn order to evaluation of dry matter remobilization of assimilates materials amount and their contribution to the yield of different bread wheat varieties and lines in Ardabil, an experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications with ten cultivars (Includes: Uroom, Zare, MV-Magdalena, Soissons, MV-Toborzo, Mihan, Pishgam, FD-11111 and FD-12073) was done in Research Station of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Ardabil in 2015-2016. Analysis of variance showed a significant difference between the lines and cultivars studied, for different traits. FD-11111 line has the highest number of grain per spikes, grain yield per square meter, the share in the filling and grain growth (7417.9 grams per square meter).The MV-bodri variety has the highest biological yield per square meter, the percentage of share the transfer process dry matter from shoot (19.723%) in the yield and maximum transfer of dry matter from total of shoots to the grain. The MV-Magdalena variety also has the lowest biological yield and highest harvest index, the highest percentage (47.797%) of dry matter remobilization efficiency of shoots and with 3.57 percent was the highest current photosynthesis efficiency. The highest current photosynthesis contribution in Zare cultivar (89.923 grams per square meter) that has the lowest proportion of dry matter remobilization was obtained. So generally can be said that was much higher current photosynthesis contribution in increasing grain yield, and FD-11111 line between studied genotypes, was the best lines. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Response of wheat and barley to nitrogen and drought stress
A. Bahrani S. Hamedi M.S. TadayonPreanthesis stored dry matter in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is important under a Mediterranean climate because grain filling greatly depends on remobilization of preanthesis assimilates. The experiment was carried out at Marvdasht region during 2010-2011 using Complet MorePreanthesis stored dry matter in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is important under a Mediterranean climate because grain filling greatly depends on remobilization of preanthesis assimilates. The experiment was carried out at Marvdasht region during 2010-2011 using Complete Randomized Block, Split-split Plot Design with three replications. Main plots consisted of Irrigation treatments which, were I1 (Nonstressed) and I2 (Post anthesis water stressed plots with 50% FC). Sub plots consisted of fertilizer treatment, which were nitrogen at rates of 50(Low N) and 200 (High N) kg ha-1. Sub-sub plots, wheat and barley cultivars, were Shiraz, Marvdasht, and Nosrat and Rihaneh. Results showed that application of 200 kg N ha-1 had positive effect on all traits and produced more grain yield. Between wheat and barley Marvdasht cultivar produced the highest grain yield. Drought stress increase dry matter remobilization ant its efficiency. Dry matter remobilization and its efficiency were higher in wheat cultivars than barley cultivars. Increasing in nitrogen application increased dry matter remobilization and decreased its efficiency. Interaction effects of nitrogen and irrigation was significant at most traits. In general, it seems that in order to obtain high grain yield nitrogen should be adjusted with amount of irrigation water. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Interaction effects of nitrogen and seed inoculation by free living nitrogen fixing bacteria on phyllochron, dry matter remobilization and their contribution to grain yield of wheat
R. Seied Sharifi P. Ghanbari H. Kamari In order to study the interaction effects of nitrogen and seed inoculation by free living nitrogen fixing bacteria on phyllochron, dry matter remobilization and their contribution to yield of wheat, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized c More In order to study the interaction effects of nitrogen and seed inoculation by free living nitrogen fixing bacteria on phyllochron, dry matter remobilization and their contribution to yield of wheat, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in experimental field of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2012. Factors were: nitrogen rates in three levels (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha-1) from urea and seed inoculation with free living nitrogen fixing bacteria in five levels containing: without inoculation (as control), seed inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum strain 5, Azospirillum lipoferum strain OF, Psedomunas putida strains of 4 and 11. Results showed that maximum of grain yield (3829.5 kg/ha), yield components and leaf appearance rate belonged to application of N180×seed inoculation with Azotobacter and minimum was obtained from N0 × control. Maximum dry matter remobilization from stem and shoot organs was obtained from N0× control. In conclusion, to increase grain yield and decrease phyllochron, application of N180 × seed inoculation with Azotobacter can be recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - effect of different tillage methods and microelement levels on yield and yield components in Zea mays L.
محمد شریف مقذسیهدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی اثرات روشهای مختلف خاکورزی حفاظتی و محلول پاشی با عناصر ریز مغذی بر اجزاء عملکرد و عملکرد ذرت علوفهای هیبرید 704 سینگل کراس به عنوان کشت دوم پس از گندم بود. این آزمایش به صورت اسپیلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی و با سه تکرار در Moreهدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی اثرات روشهای مختلف خاکورزی حفاظتی و محلول پاشی با عناصر ریز مغذی بر اجزاء عملکرد و عملکرد ذرت علوفهای هیبرید 704 سینگل کراس به عنوان کشت دوم پس از گندم بود. این آزمایش به صورت اسپیلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی و با سه تکرار در شهرستان بابلسر در سال 1392 انجام شد. آزمایشات نشان داد جوانه زنی در همه تیمارها مشابه بود. نوع شخم اثر معنی داری بر وزن خشک گیاه در تمام دوران رشد گیاه گذاشت و موجب کاهش آن در روش بدون شخم و سطح آهن کود و روی صفر گرم بر لیتر شد. اما در همین روش شخم و با سطح کود آهن 30 میلیگرم بر لیتر و سطح روی مایع 40 میلیگرم بر لیتر عملکرد به طور معنیداری افزایش یافته و بطور معنیداری عملکردش با عملکرد گیاه در روش شخم و دیسک قابل مقایسه بود. شاخص سطح برگ از روند مشابهی پیروی کرد. قطر ساقه در روشهای مختلف شخم بطور معنیداری متفاوت بود. کمترین قطر ساقه در روش بدون شخم و سطح کود مایع آهن و روی صفر، بدست آمد. اما در روشهای بدون شخم و حداقل شخم، با سطح کود مایع آهن 30 میلی گرم بر لیتر و کود مایع روی 80 میلیگرم بر لیتر، افزایش معنیداری در برگ و قطر ساقه بدست آمد. نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد که مصرف کودهای میکرو به ویژه کلات روی موجب افزایش عملکرد ذرت علوفهای گردید. با توجه به نتایج فوق محلولپاشی عناصر ریز مغذی روی و آهن در دو زمان ساقه رفتن و ظهور گل تاجی برای افزایش عملکرد ذرت هیبرید 704 در بابلسر در روش بدون شخم و حداقل شخم زراعی توصیه میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Cumulation of dry matter in aboveground parts of sunflower at interference with redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.)
B. MirshekariIn order to quantify of dry matter accumulation in sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) at interference with redroot pigweed, a two years experiment based on additive design was performed factorially with sunflower cultivars (Azarghol, Hysun and Allstar), redroot pigweed den MoreIn order to quantify of dry matter accumulation in sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) at interference with redroot pigweed, a two years experiment based on additive design was performed factorially with sunflower cultivars (Azarghol, Hysun and Allstar), redroot pigweed densities (8.3, 25 and 41.7 plants m-2) at relative times of weed emergence (emerged with sunflower; 15 and 30 days after sunflower emergence) in Tabriz. Results showed that with increasing of 33.4 weeds/m2, biological yield of sunflower in three cultivars increased 40, 65 and 73 g/m2, when redroot pigweed emerged with sunflower. Effect of weed density unit on leaf dry matter in low densities was higher than high densities. Leaf to total dry matter ratio was not affected by studied treatments. The Azarghol can tolerate 8.3 weeds/m2 at 30 days after emergence without significant reduction in stem dry matter, while, reduction amount in two other cultivars were significant. In three cultivars, with increasing of weed density and earlier emergence times, anthodium dry matter reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - The study of effects Erath worm, compost and soil tissue on soil traits, quantity and quality yield salvia officinalis
M. Sharif Moghadasi S. Azizi, In order to investigate the effects of compost and earth worm on and quantity and quality yield of salvia officinalis, an experimental was carried out based on factorial in completely randomized block design with three replications in expe More In order to investigate the effects of compost and earth worm on and quantity and quality yield of salvia officinalis, an experimental was carried out based on factorial in completely randomized block design with three replications in experimental in the Challus University in 2014. The treatments were included 1-Erath worm with application levels (0.10 and 20 class) 2-compost with consumption levels (0 and 30g per pot) and 3-type soil tissue (sand and clay). The evaluation of characteristics was included, dry matter of plant, rate of essence, CEC, OM%, N%, pH and EC. The highest of dry matter of plant and rate of essence with interaction effects treatment application Erath worm and consumption of 30g compost was obtained. Maximum N percentage of soil (0.47), OM percentage (1.53), CEC (23.66) in interaction effects 20 class earth worm with 30g compost achieved application of earth worm induce EC increased significantly. Increase dry matter of plant and rate essence that was affected Application earth worm and compost consumption induce to dry matter of plant and rate essence increased because CEC, %OM and %N soil with treatments of application earth worn with compost were increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Effects of different conservative tillage methods and microelements on yield of Zea mays L.
M. Sharif Mogaddasi S. Azizi To evaluate the effect of tillage methods and levels of Fe and Zn as microelements on yield and yield fractions of filed corn single cross 704 cultivar, factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replicatio More To evaluate the effect of tillage methods and levels of Fe and Zn as microelements on yield and yield fractions of filed corn single cross 704 cultivar, factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was performed. Experiments were carried out in 2013 in Babolsar in Mazandaran province in Iran. According to the variance analysis results tillage has statistical significant effect (P<0.01) on plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf area index, forage yield and dried forage yield. Fe 30 mg/lit and 40 mg/lit Zn significantly affected the plant height, stem diameter, forage yield and dried forage yield, but did not affected leaf length and leaf area index. The results showed that tillage enhances yield and yield fractions and tillage with disk has highest effect. The highest amount of leaf area index was obtained at disk tillage with different levels of Fe and Zn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Effect of drought stress and different levels of potassium on quantitative and qualitative forage yield of Kochia (Kochia scoparia L.)
Mohamad ali karimian Mohamad Galavi Mahdi Dahmardeh Mohamad Kafi In order to study the effect of potassium fertilizer under drought stress conditions on growth and forage quality of kochia (Kochia scoparia L.) a field experiment was conducted in split plot design based on complete randomized block with More In order to study the effect of potassium fertilizer under drought stress conditions on growth and forage quality of kochia (Kochia scoparia L.) a field experiment was conducted in split plot design based on complete randomized block with three replications at the Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Zabol, in 2011. The main plots were included three irrigation levels as follows irrigation after 50 percentage depletion of soil water (I1, control), irrigation after 70 percentage depletion of soil water (I2) and irrigation after 90 percentage depletion of soil water (I3), and sub plots were included four levels of potassium fertilizers (control, 75, 150 and 225 kg.ha potassium sulfate). The results showed that drought stress reduced fresh and dry weight, plant height, dry matter digestibility, crude protein and increased water soluble carbohydrate forage. The potassium fertilizer, increased fresh and dry weight, plant height, dry matter digestibility forage, but both treatments had no effect on number of branches. The maximum amount of fresh and dry weight, plant height, dry matter digestibility, water soluble carbohydrate and number of secondary branches forage obtained from treatment with application 225 kg.ha potassium fertilizer. The interaction of experimental factors on all traits was significant except on number of secondary branches. In general, the results of this experiment showed that the highest quantitative and qualitative forage yield obtained from irrigation after 50 percentage depletion of soil water (control) and application of 225 kg.ha potassium fertilizer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Effect of water salinity on growth, quantitative and biochemical characteristics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in Ahvaz region
Seyed Keyvan Marashi Elham LotfinagshIn order to evaluate the effect of water salinity on growth, quantitative and biochemical characteristics of safflower cultivars, a pot experiment was carried out with factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with three replications. The factors included MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of water salinity on growth, quantitative and biochemical characteristics of safflower cultivars, a pot experiment was carried out with factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with three replications. The factors included irrigation water salinity in in four levels of 0.4 (normal water as control condition), 4, 8, and 12 dS/m and different cultivars of safflower (Isfahan, Goldasht and Soffeh). The results showed that the difference among cultivars for root dry matter, shoot dry matter, chlorophyll a, b and total, number of heads per plant, number of seeds per head, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index was statistically significant. Also, with the increasing of salinity level, grain yield and other traits significantly decreased. The interaction between cultivar and salinity level was significant for all traits except for chlorophyll b. With increasing salinity levels, the yield of all three cultivars decreased, significantly. The maximum grain yield (31.4 g/pot) was obtained from Isfahan cultivar in 0.4 dS/m and the minimum value was 10 g/pot at 12 dS/m salinity in Soffeh cultivar. In addition, the maximum grain yield was belonged to Isfahan and Goldasht cultivars under increasing salinity stress, respectively. In general, the results showed that under the application of water salinity, Isfahan and Goldasht cultivars were better than other cultivars regarding yield and other traits and recommended to be cultivated by farmers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Evaluation of canola growth parameters under different residues management of rice in Izeh weather condition
Seyed Keyvan Marashi Hamid AmaniporThis experiment was performed to investigate the effect of different rice residue management on growth parameters of canola. This experiment was performed as a split plot experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in the agricul MoreThis experiment was performed to investigate the effect of different rice residue management on growth parameters of canola. This experiment was performed as a split plot experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in the agricultural lands of Izeh city. The studied treatments include rice residue management at four levels (including 1- conventional cultivation (stubble burning), 2- cultivation in plowed land with rice residues, 3- cultivation in rice residues with a height of 20 cm, 4 - cultivation in rice residues with a height of 40 cm) and the second factor was three canola cultivars (including 401, 4815 and okapi). The results showed that the effect of rice residue management on leaf area index, total dry matter, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate were significant. The effect of cultivars were significant in all measurement traits. There was no significant difference interaction between rice residue management and cultivar type on all studied traits. The maximum and minimum values in the studied traits were observed in cultivation management in cultivation in plowed land with rice residues and conventional cultivation, respectively and among different canola cultivars, the maximum and minimum values in the traits were observed in cultivar 4815 . In general, the results of the experiment showed that the cultivation in plowed land with rice residues is superior to conventional cultivation and other managements and leads to the improvement of growth parameters. Also, 4815 cultivar is superior to 401 and okapi cultivars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - The effect of irrigation intervals and different nitrogen levels on yield and yield components of Basil medicinal plant (Ocimum basilicum L.)
H. Nazemi Esfand Abad A.A. Tajalli S.M. Hosseini Mazinani This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of irrigation intervals anddifferent levels of nitrogen on the quantitative and qualitative yield of the physiological andagronomic characteristics of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in the research farm o More This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of irrigation intervals anddifferent levels of nitrogen on the quantitative and qualitative yield of the physiological andagronomic characteristics of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in the research farm of IslamicAzad University, Yadgar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey branch. The experiment wasbased on split plots based on completely randomized blocks design with 3 replications. Theexperimental treatments included three levels of irrigation (4, 7, and 10 days) as the mainfactor and different levels of nitrogen (0, 70, 100 and 130 kg/ha) were considered assecondary factors. The traits of plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, mean leafarea and dry matter yield were investigated. The results showed that except for the number ofsub-branches in the plant, the difference between different levels of irrigation intervals andnitrogen amounts were significant for all evaluated traits.The highest dry matter yield was related to the treatment combination of irrigating every 4 or7 days and 100 kg of nitrogen per hectare consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Evaluation of Quality, Physiological Tuber Yield Traits in Potato Genotypes in Ardabil Region
Davoud Hassanpanah احمدموسی پورگرجیIn order to evaluate tuber yield and traits related to tuber quality, 30 potato genotypes were studied in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Potato Research Station of the countrylocated in Ardabil city during 2021 year. During the growing MoreIn order to evaluate tuber yield and traits related to tuber quality, 30 potato genotypes were studied in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Potato Research Station of the countrylocated in Ardabil city during 2021 year. During the growing season and after harvest traits of tuber yield, tuber soluble sugar amount, tuber proline amount, tuber starch percentage, tuber protein amount, tuber dry matter percentage, tuber polyphenol oxidase activities amount, tuber catalase amount, tuber superoxide dismutase amount, tuber fiber amount, tuber nitrogen amount, tuber fat amount, tuber vitamin c amount, tuber reducing sugar content, tuber eye depth, tuber shape, tuber skin and flesh color, tuber hollow heart, tuber inner ring, baking type, discolored of raw tuber flesh after 24 h and maturity were measured according to the National Guidelines for Determining the Field Value Tests. There was a significant difference between genotypes in terms of all measured traits. The highest tuber yield was related to genotypes 7009-3, Rona, Takta, 905675 and 8707-112. High-yield genotypes had higher tuber proline amount, tuber catalase amount, tuber fat amount, tuber superoxide dismutase amount and acceptable tuber reducing sugar content, tuber eye depth, tuber hollow heart very minor and the internal rust of the tuber was very low. The Rona, Takta, 905675 and 8707-112 genotypes belong to the moderately late maturity group and 7009-3 genotypes belong to the moderately early maturity group. Genotypes 7009-3 and 905675 with dry matter between 21 to 21.99% with round tuber shape, suitable for chips, 8707-112 genotype with more than 22% tuber dry matter percentage and long oval tuber shape, suitable for French-fries, Rona genotype with more than 22% tuber dry matter percentage and round oval tuber shape, suitable for chips, and and Takta genotype with a percentage of tuber dry matter between 18 to 20% with the oval round tuber shape, suitable for salads and canned were determined. Genotypes 7009-3 and Rona had the highest tuber protein and tuber vitamin c amount. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Investigating the yield and fodder quality of native sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) populations in Isfahan region
Saeid Davazdahemami Mohammad Ali Alizadeh Marziyeh Allahdadi Hossein Zeinali Sadegh JalaliSainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) is one of the most important ancient fodder plants with special adaptability and quality that is cultivated in many parts of Iran. A field experiment in form of complete block design with three replications was conducted in Researc MoreSainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) is one of the most important ancient fodder plants with special adaptability and quality that is cultivated in many parts of Iran. A field experiment in form of complete block design with three replications was conducted in Research Station of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research of Isfahan province during 2013- 2015. Twenty native populations from various regions of Iran were tested. Morphological characteristics, yield and fodder quality of plants was measured. According to results, there was less than 10 days difference among populations from planting to flowering stage. The phenological stages (beginning of spring growth, flowering time) in the second year began earlier than that of the first year. Maximum leaf number (127) and leaf/stem ratio (2.5) were obtained in Oshnavieh and 2759, respectively. PLC produced the highest dry matter content (31.27%) and dry forage yield (3179.3 kg ha-1) among populations. Populations also differed in terms of fodder quality. Most populations had adequate yield and quality potential for livestock feeding. Regarding variation in different traits among populations, each population can be used for different goals such as breeding programs, soil conservation and production of high dry matter yield. In generally, 3001 and 13535 populations (tolerant to powdery mildew disease) with acceptable forage yield and quality can be recommended in Isfahan climatic conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - The relationship between dry matter accumulation and distribution of macro and micro elements in different parts of spike and spikelet in wheat
Masoud Asadi Dashbulagh davod eradatmand mojtaba YousefiradLittle is known about the uptaken nutrient distribution and their relationship with the tendency of dry matter accumulation within the spike of wheat, whereas such findings are important for increasing grain yield without quality loss. In this research, we aimed to iden MoreLittle is known about the uptaken nutrient distribution and their relationship with the tendency of dry matter accumulation within the spike of wheat, whereas such findings are important for increasing grain yield without quality loss. In this research, we aimed to identfy the distribution of macro elements like calsium (Ca) and potassium (K) and micro elements like Manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) in different parts of spike (distal, middle and proximal) and spikelet (large and small seeds) during the duration of grain filling in two different varieties of wheat named: Mahdavi and Falat. The results showed that the highest weight was obtained for the grains in the central part of spike as compared to the proximal and distal parts. Mn and Zn concentrations were decreased during the grain filling in three parts of the spike. There was a positive correlation between grain weight and concentration of macro – micro elemnts at various parts of spike. This correlation was stronger in the central part as compared other parts of spike (top and base). There was a considerable decrease of Mn and Zn in the seeds produced at the top of spike. However, a low concentration of elements in relation to the position of seeds on the spiklet was more remarkable than of that in the spike. There was no significant differences between two varieteis examined in this study in respect of nutrient distribution along the rachis and in rachilla. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Modification of some growth indices in wheat under water deficit conditions
Hamid Dehghanzadeh manouchehr jam negadThe experiment was conducted during 2004-2006 growing seasons at the Agricultural Research Station, Islamic Azad University, Naragh Branch, to evaluate the effects of water deficit on growth indices of three bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. A split plot exp MoreThe experiment was conducted during 2004-2006 growing seasons at the Agricultural Research Station, Islamic Azad University, Naragh Branch, to evaluate the effects of water deficit on growth indices of three bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. A split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with four replications was used in both years. Irrigation treatments (irrigation after 70 (I1), 90 (I2) and 110 (I3) mm of cumulative evaporation from class A evaporation pan) were considered as the main plot and wheat cultivars (Mahdavy, Sepahan and Roshan-back cross) as subplots. Irrigation after 70 and 90 mm cumulative evaporations did not modify growth indices, significantly. Delay in irrigation from 90 to 110 mm cumulative pan evaporation significantly reduced the growth indices. Pattren of changes in leaf area index (LAI), total dry matter (TDM), net assimilation rate (NAR), and crop growth rate (CGR) were similar in both 70 and 90 mm treatments. At samplings, delay in irrigation from 90 to 110 mm cumulative evaporation lowered the incraese of all growth indices. Pattern of changes in CGR was more similar to LAI but dissimilar to NAR. The results indicated that 22% water could be saved when wheat plants were irrigated after 90 mm of cumulative pan evaporation. However, a decrease of growth indices and grain yield under this water condition was not important. Manuscript profile
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