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Open Access Article
1 - The Realms, Dimensions and Essence of Mystical Experience
على موحدیان عطارThis paper is an attempt to provide a clearer and deeper view ofmystical experience. First, it catches a glimpse of this concept fromabove and finds it possessed of different instances, realms, anddimensions. It then delimits the subject to the common applicationof this MoreThis paper is an attempt to provide a clearer and deeper view ofmystical experience. First, it catches a glimpse of this concept fromabove and finds it possessed of different instances, realms, anddimensions. It then delimits the subject to the common applicationof this concept in order to examine the four-fold dimensions of thisstate of disclosure, that is, the epistemic, epistemological,subjective, and emotional dimensions.Giving a brief survey of the descriptions of this state by some wellknownresearchers in this field such as James, Underhill, Suzuki,Stace, and Otto, the writer tries to show that the four features ofmystical experience, that is, epistemicity, intuitivity, subjectivity,and love-centeredness are together qualified as the essence of thisexperience due to their foundationality and universality.Employing a phenomenological approach, the writer tries to provethat the quintessence of middle-path mystical experience consists inthe immediate and direct knowledge of Reality( reality stripped ofall modes), while in the final step of mystical experience, it is thedirect and immediate knowledge of the unitary reality of being(Absolute Reality).The article has dealt with mystical experience from aphenomenological point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Allame Tehrani’s criticism on the theory of not needing master in spiritual journey Abstract
tahereh fahiminajm reza esfandiari eslami mahdi norooziThe needing or not needing a master is one of the important issues to be considered in spiritual journey.A master is a person who is cognizant of the issues and can guide the person along the path of spiritual journey. Knowing the science of jurisprudence, having an acc MoreThe needing or not needing a master is one of the important issues to be considered in spiritual journey.A master is a person who is cognizant of the issues and can guide the person along the path of spiritual journey. Knowing the science of jurisprudence, having an accurate knowledge of the religious law, understanding divine sciences and intuition is necessary conditions for being a master. The wayfarer needs a general master at the beginning of the path and a special master until the end of the way.The religious way and reaching the truth is not possible except through the Sharia.The master who know Sharia will smooth the path and then will help the follower to reach his goal faster. Some do not believe in the necessity of following the master in spiritual journey. Allame Tehrani has critiques on the theory of not needing a master in spiritual journey.He declares the necessity of master, benefits and ways of knowing the master and problems and threats of the master’s absence, as well. Allame Tehrani scrutinizes not needing a master as being astray in spiritual journey and he has considered full obedience to the perfect master in diverse stages of his spiritual journey Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Relation of Mystical Journey and the Rejection of Disposition in the Teachings of Ibn ‘Aṭa’ Allah Iskandaranī
Reza Elahi manesh نعیمه Ibrahimi Ib ‘Aṭa’ Allah Iskandaranī is the first Shādhlī mystic who compiled and wrote the teaching of Shādhlī order. These teachings are entirely based on the concept of Rejection of Disposition (isqaṭ tadbīr). For Ibn ‘Aṭa’ the novice, in the ea More Ib ‘Aṭa’ Allah Iskandaranī is the first Shādhlī mystic who compiled and wrote the teaching of Shādhlī order. These teachings are entirely based on the concept of Rejection of Disposition (isqaṭ tadbīr). For Ibn ‘Aṭa’ the novice, in the early stage of his spiritual journey, should reject to make any disposition because God’s will is all-inclusive, so man’s disposition is a hindrance in the path to God. There are nine stations in this path: penance, asceticism, patience, gratitude, fear, hope, cheerful submission, trust in God, compassion. In the seventh station the Rejection of Disposition is more evident than the others. Moreover there are five states: affability, compression, dilation, annihilation, abiding. For Ibn ‘Aṭa’ good deed is the fruit of good state and good state is the fruit of good station. The final phase of spiritual journey is the knowledge of God, which is the fruit of good station, good state and good deed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Stages of Samādhi in Yoga School
علی صادقی شهپرThere are eight stages in the Yoga school that start from physical stagesto mental or super-mental stages. All of these stages are based onconcentration and meditation and the degree of concentration isdetermined according to the subtlety of concentration subject (prakr MoreThere are eight stages in the Yoga school that start from physical stagesto mental or super-mental stages. All of these stages are based onconcentration and meditation and the degree of concentration isdetermined according to the subtlety of concentration subject (prakrti’sproductions). Samādhi is the last mystical stage in Yoga. It is divided todifferent stages which the last of them is called Asamprajnāta Samādhi(enstasis without support). In this stage the deliverance of Puruśa(spirit) from Prakrti (substance) will be realized. But beforeAsamprajnāta Samādhi there is a stage called Samprajnāta Samādhi(enstasis with support). Samprajnāta Samādhi, in contrast to theAsamprajnāta, is divided to different stages. The precise study of thesestages is the main subject of this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - A Glance at the Concept of the Guru in Hindu Mysticism from the Ŝankara's Point of View
Maryam Bagherzadeh Fatemeh Lajevardi ابوالفضل MahmoudiThe Guru in Hindu mysticism is a master who has traversed the spiritual stages, has struggled through its difficult levels and attained the highest level of spiritual insight, namely, the mokśa. In Hindu monastic orders, the Guru is the incarnation of God, tradition, te MoreThe Guru in Hindu mysticism is a master who has traversed the spiritual stages, has struggled through its difficult levels and attained the highest level of spiritual insight, namely, the mokśa. In Hindu monastic orders, the Guru is the incarnation of God, tradition, teachings, the path and the mediator of the divine grace that gives birth to the tradition. He is the source of the new spiritual life, the center of holiness, and the mediator of the seeker with supreme power. Accordingly, his role is significant in the education of the disciples, and being obedient to him is obligatory. He can take the guidance of someone who intends to follow the path, pass him through difficult journey, until he reaches to ultimate truth. Therefore, it is important to examine the role of Guru in order to explain the mystical journey in these traditions. In this study, the concept of Guru has been surveyed in Hindu texts especially from the Ŝankara's point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Mystical Affirmative Ethics from the Viewpoint of Teresa of Avila and Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī
بخشعلی قنبریAffirmative ethic– the collection of virtues and merits in all humansocieties– secures the permanence and consistency of human life. Inmystical approach which aims at experiencing the final core ofknowledge, the affirmative ethic is defined differently. In g MoreAffirmative ethic– the collection of virtues and merits in all humansocieties– secures the permanence and consistency of human life. Inmystical approach which aims at experiencing the final core ofknowledge, the affirmative ethic is defined differently. In general, thereis no dichotomy between the affirmative ethic and other ethical issues,but mystics pay more attention to its esoteric dimension than theexoteric one. Teresa of Avila (1515-1582 C.E.) and Jalāl al-dīn Rūmī(1208-1274 C.E.) are mystics of two Islamic and Christian traditionswho have taken much notice of affirmative ethic– concepts such asmodesty, sincerity, forgiveness and etc– in their works and haveemphasized to its importance in the course of mystical journey. ForTeresa of Avila modesty is of the utmost importance, so much that onecould call her mysticism the mysticism of modesty. For Rūmī it isalmost the same. From his viewpoint modesty impedes the penetrationof evil into the seeker’s mind, brings man to the position of kingshipamong the other creatures and grants him the divine union. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - An Answer to the Political Minded Scholars with a Realistic Vision of Asceticism and Renunciation in Islamic Mysticism
عبدالرضا MazaheriIn Islam mystical thought is also political. Sufis and monasteries had an essential role in maintaining the security, prosperity and political growth of Iran, and it seems that the reason for political backwardness of Iran, specially after the Mogul invasion, was of cul MoreIn Islam mystical thought is also political. Sufis and monasteries had an essential role in maintaining the security, prosperity and political growth of Iran, and it seems that the reason for political backwardness of Iran, specially after the Mogul invasion, was of cultural origin, not the asceticism and renunciation on the part of Sufis. Mystics turned into asceticism in search of spiritual soundness for themselves and for the society, and through this they were going to help people. They were the best psychologists of the society, since through reporting various states of spiritual wayfaring, they proposed the solution for reforming both the individual and the society. Concepts such as seclusion in congregation, the law of synthesis shows the way of being present in the society and enjoying the world, alongside of being an ascetic. In short, the way to intuitive wisdom starts from acquired knowledge and goes through asceticism and renunciation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Negation of Thoughts (Nafy al-Khawāãir) in Islamic Mysticism: How and Why
Gorban Valiei Mohammadabadi Houriye Hashemi KouchaksaraeiOne of the fundamental elements of mystical journey in Taßawwuf is nafy al-Khawāãir (negation of thoughts), which means cleansing of the mind from all thoughts and images. The mystic has to work on this concept from the first stage of his journey up to the MoreOne of the fundamental elements of mystical journey in Taßawwuf is nafy al-Khawāãir (negation of thoughts), which means cleansing of the mind from all thoughts and images. The mystic has to work on this concept from the first stage of his journey up to the last, which is anihilation in God. Only with full negation of thoughts, can the mystic receive divine lights and manifestations. This essay attempts to emphasize the role of nafy al-khawāãir by investigating its cause, function, and consequences, and by introducing thoughts (khawāãir), their types, and the method of their recognition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - A Comparative Study of Myth and Mysticism in the Attar's Seven Cities of Love with Bidel Dehlavi's Lyric Poems
Masoumeh Pazoki Khodabakhsh Asadollahi Alireza Nikouei Tawfiq Hashempour SobhaniFrom the first periods of gradual growth and intellectual maturity of human beings, human beings have always been in search of the foundations and resources of some sciences in various fields, especially in the field of humanities. In the same process, he may have thoug MoreFrom the first periods of gradual growth and intellectual maturity of human beings, human beings have always been in search of the foundations and resources of some sciences in various fields, especially in the field of humanities. In the same process, he may have thought of discovering the mysteries related to the convergence of these sciences. Undoubtedly, the origins of most of the humanities have commonalities, but in order to expand their scope, it seems that the origin of their formation must be different. Categories such as myth and mysticism, although seemingly different in approach, but both are prominent manifestations of Iranian identity in various positions, especially in the symbolic dimension of language, interpretability, narrative, artistic approach, closeness to religious texts, they have convergence and harmony and this commonality and convergence shows itself more in the field of poetry and literature. Therefore, many poets, including Hafez, have not been unaware of this point. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - A Comparative Study of the Ontological Considerations of Two Philosophical Characters in the Novels “Deportment” by Mahmoud Dolat Abadi and “Goodbye Party” y Milan Condra
Ahmad Abumahbub Shahram PanahiThe present article studies the ontological considerations of two philosophical characters in the novels “Deportment” by Mahmoud DolatAbadi and “Goodbye Party” by Milan Condra. These two writers are from east and west and there are similarities a MoreThe present article studies the ontological considerations of two philosophical characters in the novels “Deportment” by Mahmoud DolatAbadi and “Goodbye Party” by Milan Condra. These two writers are from east and west and there are similarities and sometimes opposing ideas in their works. DolatAbadi is one of the famous contemporary Iranian writers whose books have been translated into different languages and Condra is from Czech Republic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - A Gnostic-Comparative Study of Joseph, the Glorious Chapter of the Holy Qurān
Abdullāh Rezā’īThe glorious chapter of Josef has been studied and researched carefully, mostly based on the seven-stage theory of Attar Neishabouri with regards to gnostic traversing and compromising. The seeker and the hero of these stages is Josef who gets out of a we MoreThe glorious chapter of Josef has been studied and researched carefully, mostly based on the seven-stage theory of Attar Neishabouri with regards to gnostic traversing and compromising. The seeker and the hero of these stages is Josef who gets out of a well in nature and traverses toward the divine throne. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Role of Love in Attaining Annihilation from Rumi’s Viewpoint (Focusing on Mathnavi Ma'navi)
Ismail Sadeghilor Parviz Zia Shahabi Amir Abbas Ali ZamaniRumi’s Mathnavi Ma'navi includes the deepest issues concerning theology, ontology, anthropology, etc. This book which is the result of all mystical experiences in Islamic tradition is a kind of spiritual travelogue and a personal experience which presents a series MoreRumi’s Mathnavi Ma'navi includes the deepest issues concerning theology, ontology, anthropology, etc. This book which is the result of all mystical experiences in Islamic tradition is a kind of spiritual travelogue and a personal experience which presents a series of mystical teachings and concepts. Love and annihilation are among those concepts which are dealt with in Mathnavi. The present study through library based method aims to describe love and annihilation in Rumi’s Mathnavi, then explain and analyze them and love’s contribution to a mystical wayfarer to attain annihilation from Rumi’s viewpoint in Mathnavi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Comparison of Mystical Journey of Maqāmah in Islamic Mysticism and Taoism
Soosan Rafie Raad Mohammad Ali Yousefi Reza AsadpoorMystical journey is the movement from the point of origin to the destination. In mystical behavior (journey), the destination and end point is annihilation in monotheism. Mystical journey, which is a spiritual and heartfelt one to reach the essence of spiritual perfecti MoreMystical journey is the movement from the point of origin to the destination. In mystical behavior (journey), the destination and end point is annihilation in monotheism. Mystical journey, which is a spiritual and heartfelt one to reach the essence of spiritual perfection, is depicted in mystical thoughts in the form of Maqāmah. The method of this article is descriptive – analytical and comparative the library resources of mystical behavior in Islamic mysticism and Taoism are applied and discussed comparatively to answer the question: “what are commonalities and differences in the structure of Maqāmah in Islamic mysticism and Taoist mysticism? The findings show that in both Islamic mysticism, Sufism, and Taoist mysticism, the wayfarer has achieved intuition, knowledge, and awareness by leaving behind the stages and Maqāmah of cultivating sensual contaminants, and finally reaches conciousness in mystical poverty and annihilation and its equivalent in Taoism, in the enlightenment and intuition of the Tao. The main differences are the Shari'a-oriented viewpoint of the Muslim wayfarer who seeks worship and gain the pleasure of his Lord by emphasizing the kindness. since mystic journey of Taoism lacks such concepts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - A comparative adaptation of Peer in Khajeh Hafez’s divan with Hakim Fozooli’s Persian and Turkish divans
Ayyoob Kooshan Gholamreza ZyaeeIn all mystical schools, especially in Islamic mysticism, it is emphasized on having a spiritual guide. Spiritual scholars believe that it is impossible to succeed in the path of behavior without any guide. Beginners can’t continue the ups and downs of behavior wi MoreIn all mystical schools, especially in Islamic mysticism, it is emphasized on having a spiritual guide. Spiritual scholars believe that it is impossible to succeed in the path of behavior without any guide. Beginners can’t continue the ups and downs of behavior without and spiritual guide. In Khajeh Shiraz’s Divan, there is no definite evidence to show Hafez’s dependence on a spiritual guide. However, there is evidence in Hafez’s thoughts showing that he believes in wishing to have a spiritual guide in seeking the reason for path. Also, he believes a devotee should have a guide as sophistic ideas do. Hakim Fozooli’s Farsi and Turkish Divans emphasize the necessity of having a spiritual guide. This is identified by the praises about the innocent Imams. In his poems, Fozooli considers the guide of life as greater than an angel. In this study, having a spiritual guide from the view point of mysticism and the viewpoints of two great poets and the comparison of similarities and differences Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Comparative examination of allegory in English and Persian: a case study of the books “Mantiq al-Teir” by Attar and “The Pilgrim’s Progress” by John Bunyan
Parvaneh Ma’az Elahi Maryam SaeediAllegory has always been one of the favorite literary types for different nations and it could be considered as a universal figure of speech. In addition spiritual journey has been repeatedly used allegorically in different forms such as poetry and story. MoreAllegory has always been one of the favorite literary types for different nations and it could be considered as a universal figure of speech. In addition spiritual journey has been repeatedly used allegorically in different forms such as poetry and story. An example of versified allegory in Persian is “Mantiq al-Teir” by Attar and in English is “The Masque of the Red Death” by Edgar Allen Poe. An example of prose allegory in Persian is “The Story of Stranger’s Nostalgia” by Shab al-Din Sohrevardi and in English is “The Pilgrim’s Progress” by John Bunyan or “Divine Comedy” by Dante. The present article tries to find similarities and differences in the content, story, characters and themes of these works through comparative review. The results show that although these two writers were from two different historical periods and religious and cultural conditions, they have described the spiritual journey through similar elements such as allegorical symbolism and characterization in a way that some characters in “The Pilgrim’s Progress” by John Bunyan could be equalized with the birds in “Mantiq al-Teir” by Attar. Manuscript profile -
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16 - A Comparative Study on "Monotheism and Trust" in “Al-Qushayriyya Al-Risala” with Sufi Levels by Khajeh Abdullah Ansari
Mehrnoosh Mansouri MeymandiIn the present article, the mystical terms "Tawhid" (monotheism) and "Tawakul" (trust) in "Al-Qushayriyya Al-Risala" have been studied in a comparative view with the book "Sufi levels" by Khajeh Abdullah Ansari. Unlike al-Qushayrī, Khajeh Abdullah has not dedicated a sp MoreIn the present article, the mystical terms "Tawhid" (monotheism) and "Tawakul" (trust) in "Al-Qushayriyya Al-Risala" have been studied in a comparative view with the book "Sufi levels" by Khajeh Abdullah Ansari. Unlike al-Qushayrī, Khajeh Abdullah has not dedicated a specific chapter to any of these terms, but has addressed some of mystical concepts in his sermons as required by the word. The words of all Sufis about monotheism show their confession of the singleness of God. Qushayrī himself directly confirms it, and Khajeh Abdullah, in his definition of monotheism, believes that monotheism is not the "I" of a person, but only "He" and that is enough. Qushayrī and Khajh Abdullah quote the words of other Sufis about Trust. Undoubtedly, the two agree on the words of the Sufis who use them as evidence. Qushayrī and Khajeh Abdullah have tried to express the words of the great Sufis in this regard in addition to describing the conduct status. Manuscript profile -
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17 - MANNER OF PERFECTION FROl\l THE VIEWPOINT OF NAJM AL-DIN RAZI
Zarin Taj Parhizgar Tooraj AghdaieThe evident aspect of the Sufi consideration is the belief in evolution; although there is a background for this beliefin other mystic systems, but the way it is explained by Sufis is different. Sufism has based its system on the Islamic learnings. It has mixed its theo MoreThe evident aspect of the Sufi consideration is the belief in evolution; although there is a background for this beliefin other mystic systems, but the way it is explained by Sufis is different. Sufism has based its system on the Islamic learnings. It has mixed its theories with those of Islam in a way that they don't interfere. Certain samples of this could be observed in Mov lana' s work: I died as a mineral and became a plant. I died as plant and rose to animal. NajmRazi also believes humans could reach at truth only if they seek the way of re ligion. Manuscript profile -
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18 - The Morphology of Adam and Moses's Manner by Emphasizing Quran
Saeed Emami Mahnaz EsfandSince Holy Quran's Descent is to guide human beings, there are various and numerous methods to express Its educations. One of the most popular and common methods is applying the story format. The stories are full of philosophies and lessons and they all follow special r MoreSince Holy Quran's Descent is to guide human beings, there are various and numerous methods to express Its educations. One of the most popular and common methods is applying the story format. The stories are full of philosophies and lessons and they all follow special rules. Thus the researchers have studied Quranic stories from different aspects such as length, repetition, similarities, differences, viciousness and etc. Messengers' histories were of special importance amongst all Quranic stories and many researches have been done upon them. The present article surveys and studies similar aspects of Adam and Moses's Manner from the very beginning (of human creation) to Muhammad's Revelation. Manuscript profile -
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19 - A Study on Al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī, in Small Differences in Preventing Small Discrepancies
Shamseddin AzizPour Darounkala Hamed Khani Ibrahim FallahThe present article studies the written and compiled works in rich Iranian Islamic culture in«الفروق الصغیر فی منع الترادف» “small Differences in Preventing Small Discrepancies” by citing Quran’s Verses. Today all around the Islamic w MoreThe present article studies the written and compiled works in rich Iranian Islamic culture in«الفروق الصغیر فی منع الترادف» “small Differences in Preventing Small Discrepancies” by citing Quran’s Verses. Today all around the Islamic world – especially in Iran – valuable and important attempts have done to revive, correct and accomplish this precious heritage. The article studies and surveys various aspects of small Differences in Preventing Small Discrepancies book as well as Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī’s character and his ancient and famous heritage. The other aim of the research is to recognize his critical and educational methods. The applied method is researching – analytical by citing rich and valid scientific sources specifically Holy Quran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - A Comparison of Mystical Stages in Kimiya-yi Sa'ādat (Alchemy of Happiness) and Abdullah Qutb's Makātib (Correspondence)
mahdi mohmmadi Najaf JokarKimiya-yi Sa'ādat (Alchemy of Happiness) by Abu Hamid Mohammad Al-Ghazali (c. 505 A.D.) and Makātib (Correspondence) by Abdullah Qutb (c. 909 A.D. ) are deemed to be among treasured works of Sufism. The present survey conducts a comparative-contrastive study of the pers MoreKimiya-yi Sa'ādat (Alchemy of Happiness) by Abu Hamid Mohammad Al-Ghazali (c. 505 A.D.) and Makātib (Correspondence) by Abdullah Qutb (c. 909 A.D. ) are deemed to be among treasured works of Sufism. The present survey conducts a comparative-contrastive study of the perspectives held by these two mystics pertaining to the mystical stages presented in the aforementioned masterpieces. The results demonstrate that unlike some mystics, both Al-Ghazali and Abdullah Qutb did not partition and categorize mystical stages and statuses in their works. Moreover, Abdullah Qutb was influenced by Al-Ghazali in subjects such the pillars of conduct, solitude, trust, asceticism and mystical destitute. Taken together, Al-Ghazali presents his perspectives in a more systematic and coherent approach. It is noteworthy that Abdullah Qutb's Makātib (Correspondence) lacks the order and arrangement existing in Al-Ghazali’s Kimiya-yi Sa'ādat.The methodology of this research is descriptive – analytical and baced on library studies. Manuscript profile -
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21 - The Study and Analysis of Taalab in Attar’s and Maulavi’s Worldview
Shahram Foroughi mohammadali khaledian Hasan Ali Abbaspoor EsfedenTaalab( seeking) is a verbal sign that has become widely used in Islamic mysticism. In order to find out the place of Taalab in Islamic Sufism, it is necessary to consider mysticism as a system, a system that is founded on the pillars of Sharia, Tariqat and Truth. This MoreTaalab( seeking) is a verbal sign that has become widely used in Islamic mysticism. In order to find out the place of Taalab in Islamic Sufism, it is necessary to consider mysticism as a system, a system that is founded on the pillars of Sharia, Tariqat and Truth. This structure of conduct, is derived from tariqat and seeking is considered the first step in mystical conduct. Therefore, seeking is an inseparable part of the structure of mysticism, and traces of it can be seen in almost all works of mysticism. But in the meantime, two great mystics of Iran, Atar and Maulvi, have spoken about it a lot and accelerated its features. In Attar's thoughts, seeking is considered the first of the seven valleys of Saluk, and thus it should be considered as one of the defining components of his intellectual system, but in the Masnavi, it is basically a system of thought in which the place of the components of Rumi's thought can be recognized. There is no data. In the Masnavi, not one wadi of the wadi is considered as a saluk, and it is mentioned in a definite place; Rather, Masnavi can be present everywhere. Undoubtedly, it is difficult to find, categorize and measure them, which is a difficult task in Attar's thought. The result of this research shows that Attar and Maulavi consider the request as the beginning of conduct and one of the means to realize the nine goals. They know the truth, the health of the soul and the happiness of human beings, the data of this project was collected by the library method and after classification, it was described by the qualitative method. Manuscript profile -
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22 - Shebli’s Expression in The Conference of The Birds and Other Works of Attār
Mohammad Yousef Nayyeri Amir Mohammad ArdeshirzadehIn order to express his mystical notions and thoughts Attār refers to the numinous and mystic figures in his anecdotes and tales and advises everyone to follow their deeds and examples. The present study investigates the character of Shebli, a mystic of the fourth and f MoreIn order to express his mystical notions and thoughts Attār refers to the numinous and mystic figures in his anecdotes and tales and advises everyone to follow their deeds and examples. The present study investigates the character of Shebli, a mystic of the fourth and fifth centuries, who was respected by great Sufi scholars. He was a high ranking lover and mystic of unequalled lore and devotion. Many intellectual points, advices, phrases and also revelations and miracles have been attributed to him. Attār depicts him as the narrator of the anecdotes in Conference of Birds and his other works to expresses his own thoughts and ideas in both simple and cryptic ways. In this study, we have tried to analyze and interpret or demystify these anecdotes and tales. We have attempted to uncover the hidden secrets and symbols behind the lines. In every one of these tales and anecdotes, bearing the secrets and ways of mysticism, Attār puts forth his own words as quoted by Shebli, and revealing the hidden secrets in them is what this present study has attempted to achieve. Manuscript profile -
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23 - From Overcoming the Self to Spiritual Stations of Annihilation An Analysis of Rumi’s Conducts Based on the Story of “The Handmaiden and The King”
Marziyeh AttaranThe visitation of Shams Al-din Tabrizi and Molana Jalal Al-din Mohammad Balkhi Rumi is a wonderful phenomenon in the history of Islamic mysticism, and its outcome has stayed in Rumi’s personality and his everlasting works. This humanitarian relationship, how MoreThe visitation of Shams Al-din Tabrizi and Molana Jalal Al-din Mohammad Balkhi Rumi is a wonderful phenomenon in the history of Islamic mysticism, and its outcome has stayed in Rumi’s personality and his everlasting works. This humanitarian relationship, however, has been obscured behind a frail story in which the great prophet of Islam is compared with Bayazid Bastami through a question. In this study, the writer has tried to specify Rumi’s spiritual path based on the biographical-like story of “The Handmaiden and The King”. The results have revealed that whatever has been considered in Rumi’s clear professions and his mental-verbal statements about Shams is the product of the substantial activity of reflection and practical spiritual path and acquired moods and qualities that have been identified in practical mysticism and mystical practices. A circulation such as this is not believed to be accidental. There should be contexts, motives, reasons, works and particular conditions there so that someone could achieves spiritual station of cognition and we can call him a mystic. This story of the handmaiden and the king is an explicit mirror of the path and stages of practical mysticism in which everything – from overcoming the self to spiritual stations of annihilation and attainment of the apex of mysticism that is a part of sainthood – has been discussed step by step and Rumi’s inner and spiritual transitions in stages such as pursuit, attachment to God, appearance of the sage, transformation of spiritual temper and finally friendship are investigated Manuscript profile -
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24 - The narrative of satire critical of brotherhood of Alexander and Darius
masumeh zandiyeh Timur MalmirDue to his destructive role Alexander is remembered as an evil and ominous figure in older Persian sources. But, due to the influence of the Greek mythology and culture, recent sources have provided his figure with an aura of greatness and virtue. Scholars well know tha MoreDue to his destructive role Alexander is remembered as an evil and ominous figure in older Persian sources. But, due to the influence of the Greek mythology and culture, recent sources have provided his figure with an aura of greatness and virtue. Scholars well know that Alexander is not given a positive picture in Shahnameh, although they mention two evidences from the text which do not go with this total picture, namely his description as a brother to Darius III, and his being the subject of a long episode in Shahnameh, the latter being regarded as the sign of the high value put on him by Ferdowsi. In this article, we will use the structuralism approach to prove that the claimed brotherhood of Alexander and Darius III is not to compensate the defeat and restore national pride, but to serve as a satire against the rulers whose ineptitude and treason pave the ground for the coming of the invaders. The lengthy treatment of Alexander's character is also due to the fact that he is the founder of the long-lasting Seleucia Dynasty, regardless of how destructive his invasion was. Denunciations of his action and devaluation of his ancestry prove this argument. Here, research data have collected by analytical By library approach and have processed by analytical and descriptive methods. Manuscript profile -
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25 - اثربخشی مداخله مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی بر بهبود مهارت های اجتماعی دانش آموزان پسر دارای اختلال سلوک
نسرین محدث زینب خانجانی علی نقی اقدسی -
Open Access Article
26 - A Critical Overview of Attar 's Biography and Poetic Style
Abdolhamid AhmadiFarid-o-din Attar Neishabouri is deemed amongst the most renowned men in the history of mysticism and Iranian literature. He devotes a faithful consideration to the permeation of mystical thoughts. Relying on divergent allegories and theosophical fable MoreFarid-o-din Attar Neishabouri is deemed amongst the most renowned men in the history of mysticism and Iranian literature. He devotes a faithful consideration to the permeation of mystical thoughts. Relying on divergent allegories and theosophical fables, he depicts the mystic's journey to achieve truth. However, among the masters of Persian poetry the life of no poet has been as obscure as that of Attar. Furthermore, there has been some irrelevant verse attributed to him, with which he has no concern. The present paper is an attempt to portray Attar's true personality through the investigation of his works and to trace the very essence of his mystic thoughts in his verse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Recognition of the Allegorical Dimensions of the Character of the Spiritual Master
F. Abbaszade M. jabbariWalking though hard ways, without Trusting master and disciple is not possible. Thus the need for attendance of the spiritual master has been among the major issues at the center of sufism. Except for a small number of sufis, like Ovagsian who considered discovery journ MoreWalking though hard ways, without Trusting master and disciple is not possible. Thus the need for attendance of the spiritual master has been among the major issues at the center of sufism. Except for a small number of sufis, like Ovagsian who considered discovery journey is merely possible through meditation; that most sufi scholars have emphasized the need for choosing master, believing that success in the journey through ups and downs on the way to perfection, can not be achieved without the help of a master. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive definition of master in the Theasosophy. We include the master and to need to follow master. Manuscript profile -
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28 - The explanatoy and figurative viewpoints of the story "Saturday in the black firmament (from seven figures of Nezami)
Masood SepahvandiThe seven figures(seven firmament)which is the fourth poems from the five poems of the philosopher Nezami contains the allegorical short stories in which the most important characteristics and element is advice and the gradual change of the main hero of story (Bahram Go MoreThe seven figures(seven firmament)which is the fourth poems from the five poems of the philosopher Nezami contains the allegorical short stories in which the most important characteristics and element is advice and the gradual change of the main hero of story (Bahram Goor).In this dipody poems,two topics are connected with each other.one of them is the life of Bahram that is in the order of the happenings of his life ,and the other stories ,which are in the contrast of hero, show unstability and unreliability of the world, and incite the reader to think about the meanings of life.In fact,these stories are fetch in wich Nezami expresses the wise thuths of correct style of life.the story of Saturday is one the wise stories which shows figure of mystical behaviours and the cautionary adventures of the fall of Adam from paradise. Manuscript profile -
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29 - مقایسۀ شیوههای فرزندپروری والدین نوجوانان
mehrnaz komeyjani farhad maher -
Open Access Article
30 - The effect of behavioral training of mothers with conduct disorder children on behavior performance problems in their children
Mohammad Ali Goodarzi Raziyeh Hashemi Mohammad Reza TaghaviThe purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of behavior parent (mother) training of children with conduct disorder on behavior performance of their children. Twenty-four mothers of children with a diagnosis of conduct disorder were selected using conve MoreThe purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of behavior parent (mother) training of children with conduct disorder on behavior performance of their children. Twenty-four mothers of children with a diagnosis of conduct disorder were selected using convenient sampling method. The simple were divided into control and experimental groups (12 mothers in each group). Both groups completed CBCL, Behavior Performance Questionnaires. In the next step the experimental group participated in behavior parent training (ten sessions). At the end of the training both groups completed the questionnaires at the post test phase. The data were analyzed whit ANCOVA. The results showed that behavior parent training improved behavior performance (p<0.05). It can be concluded that behavior parent training to mothers, could decrease the behavioral problems of their children. Manuscript profile -
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31 - Effect of parenting styles on conduct disorder (CD) with mediation of emotional and cognitive empathy in high school students
Saeede hedayat mohammad narimani seyfollah aghajani sajjad basharpoorThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of parenting styles on conduct disorder (CD) mediated by emotional and cognitive empathy in junior high school students. The statistical population included all male high school students in Kermanshah in the academic i MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of parenting styles on conduct disorder (CD) mediated by emotional and cognitive empathy in junior high school students. The statistical population included all male high school students in Kermanshah in the academic in 2020-2021, which was 234 students who obtained the highest scores in the pediatric symptoms questionnaire (parent form) (Gadow & Sprafkin, 2007) and They had the most symptoms of conduct disorder, were selected as a sample group based on multi-stage cluster sampling method, and participants completed the Alabama΄s parenting styles (Frick, 1991), the Baron-Cohen empathy quotient scale (Baron-Cohen & Wheelwrigh, 2004). Structural equation modeling on LISREL software was used to answer the hypotheses. The results of data analysis showed that direct and indirect path coefficients are significant in the research model (P <0.001). According to the findings of this study, efficient and inefficient parenting styles and emotional and cognitive empathy have a direct and significant effect on conduct disorder and efficient and inefficient parenting styles also have a direct and significant effect on emotional and cognitive empathy. Also, effective parenting style (positive parenting components and father participation) and inefficient parenting style (components of authority, poor supervision and corporal punishment) mediate emotional and cognitive empathy on students' conduct disorder indirectly. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that proper communication between parent and child enables the person to achieve emotional development and increases the ability to empathy and community friendly behavior in adolescents. Manuscript profile -
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32 - Characteristics of Worship in Theosophical Conducts of Rabeah Adawiyyah
Masood Haji Rabi Zahra ShirdeliThe present research investigates “the effect of worship conducts of Rābia al-Adawiyya on her theosophical aspects”. There have been many talks regarding this dame’s asceticism and divine love as well as her greatness. However, theosophical resources have not mentioned MoreThe present research investigates “the effect of worship conducts of Rābia al-Adawiyya on her theosophical aspects”. There have been many talks regarding this dame’s asceticism and divine love as well as her greatness. However, theosophical resources have not mentioned the strategic role of worshiping her theosophical conducts so much; and investigating most of the articles and theses, we found that researchers have not paid so much attention to this point. Therefore, our objective in the present research is to investigate the devotional discussions of Rābia’s life stage by stage to conclude that Rābia’s religious conduct is the preface and reinforcing of her theosophical conduct. During this cognitive journey, after the stage of perdition, Rābia’s passion and effort for asceticism and worship was increased and fusion of love and servitude reached its topmost extent. Also, the importance of Rābia’s responsibility in introducing the reality of servitude to people and establishing a theosophical movement based on divine love, is among the innovative results of this research. Manuscript profile -
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33 - Man and Generality Of Mysticism inShahabadi’s Perspective
Seyyed Nader MohammadzadehAyatollah Shahabadi’s views in terms of various issues are expressed through mystical perspectives. In his views, mankind is made up of two dimensions: internal and external. The internal aspect is of seven layers, all parallel together and potential in human instincts. MoreAyatollah Shahabadi’s views in terms of various issues are expressed through mystical perspectives. In his views, mankind is made up of two dimensions: internal and external. The internal aspect is of seven layers, all parallel together and potential in human instincts. The overall divine recognition is intertwined in it which is impeccable and inclusive. However, they are veiled by covers but through Shariah and wisdom one can return to the primary instinct. Mysticism is also just travelling through the obstacles out of the human’s instinct and reality and their realization that makes human being the mirror to the whole universe and in an accurate interpretation he is the all-around mirror of God himself. Believing in the primary instinct of human being, Shahabadi was prone to explaining mysticism to everyone so that anyone could make the best out of it to whatever extent. The path toward every stage of mysticism is soul refinement through Shariah. It can be concluded out of the study that religion is multifaceted present internally and their truth is mysticism. The necessity of introducing the internal aspect of religion is out of the fact that recognition thirst of the truth is something real and internal to human being so that it causes the return of thirsty persons to that as well as the dynamism and livelihood. Manuscript profile -
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34 - Tribal Spiritual Journey in Mysticism(An Approach toward Najmuddin Raazis Mersad-al-Ebad)
Mohammad Hossein Saini Heydar Hassanloo Nazeeta MaghazayeeMysticismmeansunderstanding the Almighty God,His characters and verbs, which is heartfelt and cognitive rather than through thinking and reasoning. It is a positive mood which is primarily manifested through life, instinct, and soul; next, it is manifested in the human MoreMysticismmeansunderstanding the Almighty God,His characters and verbs, which is heartfelt and cognitive rather than through thinking and reasoning. It is a positive mood which is primarily manifested through life, instinct, and soul; next, it is manifested in the human behavior and conduct. Such specific conducts and behaviors that lead to the spiritual process are spiritual toward God. Spiritualjourney was long regarded by mystics, who wanted through the practicing mystical ideas, save themselves from the constraints of the material and whimsical desires and achieve mortality for God's survival so that each one of mystics, as per their own views, has stated certain steps and procedures totravel back to God. For instance, ShaykhNajm al-Din al-Razihasvaluable insights about the rules of spiritual journey for which this paper deal with some parts of the steps pertaining to the various tribal spiritual journey. Manuscript profile -
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35 - `The Journey Of Truth Eshraghi based on Ghorbate- Gharbi Story
Eynollah Khademi Fatemeh KokaramIn Suhrawardi's opinion, soul is a light of ‘triumphal’ or ‘victorial’ lights that while is from east world, has belonged to material body; involved to its possession and trapped to the dark world. seeker's soul finds his true position after knowledge itself and seeks t MoreIn Suhrawardi's opinion, soul is a light of ‘triumphal’ or ‘victorial’ lights that while is from east world, has belonged to material body; involved to its possession and trapped to the dark world. seeker's soul finds his true position after knowledge itself and seeks to achieve it. Main theme of Sheikh Eshragh's writing in symbolic languages include the way back to real home, obstacles ahead and following steps with guidance of leader Suhrewardiin symbolic form, occasionally, express some clauses for entering into soul world and spiritual experiences.Based on Sohrawardi’s Mystical opinions, highperfection of soul is his more sameness to Allah. This is what the mystical writings are preparing premises for its explanation. Manuscript profile -
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36 - Quality Of Monk in Mystic Legitimacy Conduct Of Attar and Molavi
Reza Heydari Nouri Seyyed Ali Mohammad SajjadiIn the mystic and Sufism school, the purpose of the devotee conducts towards Allah, the recognition of the truth, the union with the eternal essence of divinity, hence the legitimacy of the people of wisdom would not be accomplished without the principal guidance of the MoreIn the mystic and Sufism school, the purpose of the devotee conducts towards Allah, the recognition of the truth, the union with the eternal essence of divinity, hence the legitimacy of the people of wisdom would not be accomplished without the principal guidance of the aware and wise monk and the religious teacher. In the mystic thought of Attar and Molavi, the role of the monk is observed on the guidance of the devotee of the divinity, which is the most important element of the enlightenment. In respect to their viewpoints, the dialogue with the literal Sheikh and religious teacher, which could be the alleviation of the physical and spiritual diseases and the evolution elixir for the presence of the devotee? The religious teacher helps the devotee in the mystic sensual conduct, so that the devotee may pace his/her path towards Allah. In the viewpoint of Attar and Molana (Molavi), the monk is the key of rescue, shadow of truth, realization of heavens and holy attributes, awareness of secrets and existential enigma, associate of divinity, emissary of hearts, and able to acquire in the universe. The monk relies on the divinity and the impoverishment of the his or her situations, acts, and nature and his/her pure existential mirror reflects the holy glow and radiates the mystic spirituality path of the devotees towards Allah. Manuscript profile -
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37 - Silence and Quietude from Mystics' Viewpoint
Ahmadreza YalmehaSpiritual journey has got its own constituents, formalities, and conditions. One of the constituents is known to be silence and quietude. In the Koran and relations, silence has always been addressed as an exalted icon and value. In mystical prose and poetry, too, silen MoreSpiritual journey has got its own constituents, formalities, and conditions. One of the constituents is known to be silence and quietude. In the Koran and relations, silence has always been addressed as an exalted icon and value. In mystical prose and poetry, too, silence is a pre-condition of solitude and one of the means of achieving mystical perfection, having some advantages and consequences. Some mystics assume tariqa principles as silence itself. Since silence is of various types, there are different comments and beliefs concerning Sufis' silence so that some prefer to be silent and some would rather talk. As far as possible, this paper tries to first analyze the concept of silence and quietude in the Koran and relations and key mystical literature, and then deal with Masnavi Ma'navi in which mystical silence and quietude are reflected and has got special manifestation. Manuscript profile -
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38 - Truth Of Torment in Mysticism (Based on Ibn Arabi Viewpoint)
Mahnaz Tavakoli Marziyeh PeyvandiIn Spiritual wayfaring toward The Great Lord, any sin and disobedience from the order of the dearest -The Lord- in itself will be deemed a sin that will be followed by torment. The veil of divine revelation and closeness to God, in the mystics’ point of view, is the evi MoreIn Spiritual wayfaring toward The Great Lord, any sin and disobedience from the order of the dearest -The Lord- in itself will be deemed a sin that will be followed by torment. The veil of divine revelation and closeness to God, in the mystics’ point of view, is the evidence of torment and so is hell with the same level and deprivation of divine closeness. Any kinds of sin include stages of the same dimension which per se is torment so that the punishment of hypocrites and infidels and the rest will be different according to their levels. In fact, Hell and Naar are general concepts which cover all different aspects of punishment by themselves. Ibn-Arabi believes that the nature of torment is changeable and unstable, therefore it is a relative issue that fits with talent and taste in different recipients. In fact, in Ibn-Arabi’s point of view it is the understanding, impression and knowledge of the suffering man that would evolve towards to the issue of torment and thereby feels no pain and agony, and his torment finally ends up. What comes out of mystical texts would be that the punishment is in fact a manifestation of divine mercy indeed, which is used by God to reduce the burden of his sin by tormenting the guilty ones by means of which this mercy clears the nature of the guilty ones from turpitude and vice. This study attempts to use the verses and the words of mystics in a descriptive and analytical way to make clear the different aspects of the idea of torment, its reality and different kinds. Manuscript profile -
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39 - Ethics in the KhajooKermani’s Poems
Mahdieh Cheraghi Ahmad ZakeriKhajooKermani was a scholar whose poetry dealt with ethical issues. He was influenced by his master, Sheikh Kazerooni, and adopted the school of Morshediyeh-the school in which the followers believed in ethical values. He followed the school of ethics such as other cont MoreKhajooKermani was a scholar whose poetry dealt with ethical issues. He was influenced by his master, Sheikh Kazerooni, and adopted the school of Morshediyeh-the school in which the followers believed in ethical values. He followed the school of ethics such as other contemporary scholars including Attar, Molavi, and Ibn-Al-Arabi. They believed love is superior to logic and wisdom. He developed his conception of ethics to arrive at the knowledge of absolute fact-God. The purpose of this study was to review the Khajoo’s poems to discover the ethical concepts he reflected in his poetry. His poems showed that he passed the seven theological steps towards God and reached God’s knowledge which helped him merged with the absolute familiarity with God. This was made through efforts and exercises that any religious person should pass to make God satisfy. Hypocrisy and showing off could be the main obstacles of arriving at this position. He then followed the style of ethical meditation in which he merged in God. He believed that the universe was created based on the God’s love and the Holy Spirit. Thus we should try to follow ethical values in the world and with training and meditation leave the earthly world through seven stages of spiritual journey and settle in the spiritual world. This is the ultimate goal of human beings created by God. Therefore the follower may choose his own death and leave his earthly life to meet God’s throne and refer to the first place in which he dwelled before coming to this Earth. Human beings are carrying the God’s spirit and this can help them to return to their origin. They should cleanse their sprits through meditation and then go to the unity in which they become one again in front of God. Manuscript profile -
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40 - Mystical Position of Imam Sajjad (PBUH) among Sufis and Mystics
Mohammad Javad Shams Vahid MahmoodiDue to asceticism and prayer and beautiful and rich Hymns for Sufis, Imam Sajjad has a special scientific and practical place; from Scientific aspects, He excelled considered exoteric and esoteric knowledge and believed that He appeared not only in science but also exce MoreDue to asceticism and prayer and beautiful and rich Hymns for Sufis, Imam Sajjad has a special scientific and practical place; from Scientific aspects, He excelled considered exoteric and esoteric knowledge and believed that He appeared not only in science but also excelled in spiritual education; and Imam Ali and Imam Sajjad (as) among those who know that the universe science were property. Also from Practical aspects, prayers and miracles have been telling many of their methods of worship and morality of Him (PBUH) as a model for men of knowledge, and said that when He would stand in prayer discovered the secrets of the universe for Him. In mystical texts from His crying so much, asceticism, piety and fear, generosity and service to humanity, sincerity and humility, and patience they have spoken. Manuscript profile -
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41 - Practical Spiritual Journey in the Light of Philosophical Mysticism: Imam Khomeini's Interpretation of Farghani's Spiritual Positions
Gholamreza Hosseinpour Mohammad SaeedimehrQunavi’s Miftah al-Ghayb is the most important work that was written in the knowledge of theoretical mysticism and also Fanari’s Misbah al-Uns as detailed description on Miftahal-Ghayb, having shared in arguing mystical topics. But the last chapter at the beginning of t MoreQunavi’s Miftah al-Ghayb is the most important work that was written in the knowledge of theoretical mysticism and also Fanari’s Misbah al-Uns as detailed description on Miftahal-Ghayb, having shared in arguing mystical topics. But the last chapter at the beginning of the Misbahal-Uns, is devoted to spiritual journey that Fanari in this chapter states the way of Khwaja Abdullah Ansari, in Manazelal-Saerin that, in fact, rewriting Farghani’s design in Montahal-Madarek, because Farghani, Khwaja Abdullah’s spiritual stations of the journey in accordance with the principles of the his master’s school, Qunavi, written and practical mysticism is studied from the perspective of philosophical mysticism. Imam Khomeini also has writing commentaries on this chapter of Misbah al-Uns that considers Khwaja Abdullah’swaystations, with Farghani statementand designs newfound points, particularly in terms of theoretical mysticism. Indeed, the commentaries are Imam Khomeini’s reading of Farghani’swaystations of the wayfar, thatin total, has written empathetic. Manuscript profile -
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42 - سلوک عرفانی در کشفالاسرار
مریم شیرانی محسن محمدی فشارکی سیدعلی اصغر میر باقری فرد -
Open Access Article
43 - The Study of Semiology in Mantiq-Al-Tayr of Attar
Maryam Parvaresh Ali Asghar Soltani Mohammad Javad HejaziThe semiology considers all the signs which are used in language and literary works. The main tool of literature is language and language is the united set of signs. The poet or writer deals with the language signs because of his/her usage of the language. This article MoreThe semiology considers all the signs which are used in language and literary works. The main tool of literature is language and language is the united set of signs. The poet or writer deals with the language signs because of his/her usage of the language. This article tries to explore the semiology of mystique and mythological elements in Manṭiq-Al-Ṭayr by the analytical-descriptive method. The present research has concluded that Aṭṭār has used the birds as signs or mystique and mythological elements to express the concepts of mystique. The main important element is Simorgh which is used for the truth of the essence of God. Also, other birds are signs of the class of mystics Manuscript profile -
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44 - Explaining the Triple Necessities of Perfect Man from the Ibn Arabi and Allameh Tabatabai
Abdolah Salavati Fatemeh KookaramA long time ago the great thinkers have been attract to recognize the perfect man and find out his aspects in order to follow him. This subject is one of the main pillars Islamic mysticism. The authors intend to begin explaining the necessities for triple from the Ibn A MoreA long time ago the great thinkers have been attract to recognize the perfect man and find out his aspects in order to follow him. This subject is one of the main pillars Islamic mysticism. The authors intend to begin explaining the necessities for triple from the Ibn Arabi and Allameh Tabatabai. The main question of study is that what is the necessity of the perfect man from Ibn Arabi and Allameh Tabatabai? The necessity of the perfect man not only for the human kind, but also it’s for the whole of the world, therefore a human not only for during the path to perfection we need a perfect human, but all of the world for the survival and its retain needs to the perfect man. At first, we studied positions of existence from the Allameh Tabatabai in this study. Then his special attention expressed to the world of the divine names. Allameh knows that each of the creatures is the name of the divine names which between the “the humen” is the comprehensive all of the divine names. According to the approach of Al`asma science of Ibn Arabi, he expresses about the explain God connection, the perfect man and the world. From Ibn Arabi the perfect man is the closest manifestation of God and he says the perfect man is inductor blessing of God`s creature. In addition, Allameh knows the perfect man who is that he reached to the position of the divine province and the creatures follow up from him. His approach based on the Quran verses, intellectual principles and foundation. One of the achievements of this research is the authors in addition to existence necessity of the perfect man, that its often the basis of topics the necessity bearing, the necessity knowledge and the necessity epistem and each of the reasons to prove of the perfect man necessity at world. Manuscript profile -
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45 - تربیت عرفانی از منظر علامه طباطبایی(ره)
Meraat Aminolroaia amir Javan arasteh Ali Akbar Afrasiabpour Hossein Khosravi -
Open Access Article
46 - A Comparative Study of Attar's Mantegh Al-Tair and Hudhud Mahmoud Darwish's Ode.
Fatemeh Lotfimofradniasari Amir Hosein Rasoulnia Mohamad SeifiAttar's Mantegh Al-Tair is the story of a group of birds traveling to Mount Qaf led by Hudhud to reach the SimUrQ threshold. In this mystical system, each of the birds represents a group of human beings who travel in search of the truth, and the hardships and sufferings MoreAttar's Mantegh Al-Tair is the story of a group of birds traveling to Mount Qaf led by Hudhud to reach the SimUrQ threshold. In this mystical system, each of the birds represents a group of human beings who travel in search of the truth, and the hardships and sufferings of the path cause one to give up one after the other. At the end of the route, the blackbirds reach Mount Qaf and finally realize that Simurq is, in fact, themselves.Contemporary Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish has also portrayed the achievement of an ideal society and the effort to achieve it in mystical poems, calling it Hudhud. Mysticism and Sufism have not been included and only in the ode discussed by the author, that is, the ode of Hudhud has been influenced by mystical ideas. He has finally stated that Mahmoud Darvish in his poems in many cases has common themes with the Persian poet. Manuscript profile -
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47 - Names and Attributes with an Approach to the Works of Mojtahed Amin Esfahani
Zahra KashanihaOne of the significant issues that has been mentioned both in the Qur'an and by mystics is the names of God. Hakim Nosrat Amin Esfahani; Contemporary commentator and mujtahid; In his weighty book and behavior and also in the precious interpretation of the reservoir of m MoreOne of the significant issues that has been mentioned both in the Qur'an and by mystics is the names of God. Hakim Nosrat Amin Esfahani; Contemporary commentator and mujtahid; In his weighty book and behavior and also in the precious interpretation of the reservoir of mysticism, he has dedicated several pages to the names, divine beauty and supreme attributes of the Almighty, which have been studied in this article. In the Holy Qur'an, it is recommended to recite the divine names, and the Lord of remembrance and the companions of monotheism, recite God Almighty in His names and attributes, and in this way take steps in the stages of conduct. There is no doubt that the remembrance of God through names and attributes is a virtue and can bring man closer to God. There are four verses in the Holy Quran that mention the names of divine beauty and are verses that only mention the names; It has been said. In this article, which is documented by the method of content analysis, first these sublime names from the book of Lady Amin are discussed and then the opinions of some mystics, philosophers and commentators in this regard are expressed and in this regard three important questions: The purpose of counting What are the names in the hadith of the Holy Prophet (PBUH)? How does the counting of names cause one to enter Paradise? How can one be created according to the morality of God?, has been researched Manuscript profile -
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48 - Comparative Study of Mystical Journey from Viewpoints of Lady Amin, Theologian, and Teresa of Avila
azim hamzeian Reza Tabatabaee AmidPractical mysticism or spiritual journey is the cornerstone of mysticism. Theoretical mysticism is the interpretation and explanation of findings out of practical mysticism. Mystics allocate various stages for mystical journey. Therefore, the foundation for the stages a MorePractical mysticism or spiritual journey is the cornerstone of mysticism. Theoretical mysticism is the interpretation and explanation of findings out of practical mysticism. Mystics allocate various stages for mystical journey. Therefore, the foundation for the stages and positions overlap one another so that there appears to be no specific differences between them. In other divine religions there are mystics who have come to intuition through mystical journey. Lady Amin and Teresa of Avila are among the well-known Islamic and Christian mystics. Both of them have personally experienced the stages of spiritual journey and have explained about them in their works of art. Teresa of Avila has explained the spiritual journey in the seven stage "Interior Castle" whereas Lady Amin has narrated the journey stages in her book titled "Spiritual Journey by Saints (Sayr va Sulūk dar Ravish-i Awliyāʼ-i Allāh) through eight stages. The result of comparison between their spiritual journey states depicts that the main elements and stages of spiritual journey for them have a lot in common and that there are no particular differences observed. There are however some minor differences only when there is a mystical mood apparent. Their explanations seems as if these two mystics have finally reached the revelation through intuition Manuscript profile -
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49 - Mystical Behavior and Its Goals from Seyyed Haydar Amuli’s and Patanjali’s Point of View
nasrin tavakoli Babak Zarrat NuriIn this article, the mystical behavior is examined from Seyyed Haydar Amuli’s point of view as a representative of Shi’a Islamic mysticism, and Patanjali’s as the founder of the school of Yoga. This research was done by library method and comparative a MoreIn this article, the mystical behavior is examined from Seyyed Haydar Amuli’s point of view as a representative of Shi’a Islamic mysticism, and Patanjali’s as the founder of the school of Yoga. This research was done by library method and comparative approach. This study shows that Yoga is based on extreme asceticism. Although Yoga is the belief in God, but the walk and conduct in it is not for unity with God, but it is only the work of the mind, thoughts, emotions and body. In Yoga, it is important to achieve absolute silence and absolute stillness, which is considered to be the achievement of soul consciousness. This state is called Samadhi .But according to the Islamic mysticism, the main goal of mystical behavior is to get closer to God. Annihilation, from his point of view, is becoming mortal in God's actions, attributes, and nature .Amuli's method of conduct is a balanced method based on revelation teaching .Now that Yoga is expanding in the countries of the world and Iran, this type of comparative studies is absolutely necessary. By expressing the similarities and differences between Islamic mysticism and Yoga, we show the superiority of Islamic mysticism over Yoga in the theoretical and practical fields. This research refers to a part of these superiors. Manuscript profile -
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50 - The place of Monasticism in Ibn Arabi’s Mysticism
Zahra Abedini Bakhshali Ghanbari Abdolhossein TarighiIbn Arabi is one of the greatest mystics in the Islamic world, whose numerous works are one of the main and rich sources of theoretical mysticism. The concept of monasticism is one of the important elements of the Sufi tendencies of the Islamic world and consequently ha MoreIbn Arabi is one of the greatest mystics in the Islamic world, whose numerous works are one of the main and rich sources of theoretical mysticism. The concept of monasticism is one of the important elements of the Sufi tendencies of the Islamic world and consequently has a special place in Ibn Arabi's mystical intellectual system. Therefore, in this article, this concept is examined and its relation with Ibn Arabi's mystical system is measured. Monasticism in Ibn Arabi's thought is closely related to discovery and observation, which is the axis of his mystical system. According to him, monasticism is a path that accelerates the attainment of observation and thus helps the seeker in the annihilation of God. Hence, he considers the order of observation to be proportional to each order of existence. This article is a library method. Data collection is obtained from various texts, publications and internet search. The results of the research showed that Ibn Arabi considers monasticism in solitude, silence, worship, insomnia and hunger, and states these as the prelude to reaching the position for every seeker Manuscript profile -
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51 - Consequences and Difficulties of Mystical Behavior in Sanaei’s Odes
Eesmat Ahmadi Roknabadi Azizollah Tavakoli Kafi Abadi Mahmood SadeghzadehAbu al-Majd Majdud ibn Adam Sanai of Ghaznavid or Hakim Sanaei, a famous mystic and poet of the sixth century, was the first poet to combine the ideas and views of the school of Sufism, Sufi teachings and mystical advice with mystical and solid methods, with poetic tast MoreAbu al-Majd Majdud ibn Adam Sanai of Ghaznavid or Hakim Sanaei, a famous mystic and poet of the sixth century, was the first poet to combine the ideas and views of the school of Sufism, Sufi teachings and mystical advice with mystical and solid methods, with poetic tastes. Has opened in the world of Persian poetry and has provided the grounds for its expansion and culmination. Considering that one of the mystical issues is the path and behavior and the movement and path of God has authorities and houses. The seekers have no choice but to cross over to these authorities. With the passage of these authorities, new situations arise for seekers. These situations are pointed out by Mahboub Azali, who gives life to the seekers, connects them with promises, and helps them through the passage of the authorities. In this study, the author examines the content and method of the library and examines the consequences and difficulties of mystical behavior in Sana'i's poems. While examining and examining the wise verses, from his point of view, there are many difficulties and difficulties in the path of mystical behavior, and Sanaei, while advising the seeker to strive and strive for the path of love, asks him to be a veteran and sacrifice his sensual existence in this. The path seeks its purpose and desired. Manuscript profile -
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52 - Study of Rational and Intuitive Spiritual Journey by Sohrevardi
Hossein Hatamvand Hossein Falsafi Ali FathullahiIn this paper the rational and intuitive spiritual journey by Sohrevardi and Habermas' philosophical theories, especially focused on the system of values and ethics, instrumental rationality and communicative rationality are evaluated with his thoughts. The purpose of t MoreIn this paper the rational and intuitive spiritual journey by Sohrevardi and Habermas' philosophical theories, especially focused on the system of values and ethics, instrumental rationality and communicative rationality are evaluated with his thoughts. The purpose of this paper has been to demonstrate that Sohrevardi was not ignorant even in his own intuitive journey, and to achieve the true reality of human felicity and the necessary intuitive knowledge, he deems wisdom and intuition are supplementary to one another. Accordingly, Sohrevardi somehow founded the school of thought called "Integration School" that is a blend of wisdom, quotation, and intuition. There are similarities between Sohrevardi's theories and thoughts with Habermas in terms of system of values and instrumental rationality and communication which this paper has studied and analyzed them here. Habermas and Sohrevardi both believe that one can achieve beyond rationality realities upon the expansion of rational perceptions. Sohrevardi is of a believe that mystical discoveries are also comprehensible through rationality. Habermas on the other hand believes that one can achieve valuable truths through rationality but through communication and mutual understanding. In Sheikh Eshraq's opinion, rationality is supplement of intuition and vice versa; nevertheless, Habermas' notion is that rationality is after proving it. The rationality that Sohrevardi tries to develop is the philosophical rationality to achieve truth and felicity of human beings through the growth and development of intuition Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Comparative Study of Human Nature in Imam Khomeini’s and Ayatollah Shah’abadi’s the Analytical Views
Firuzeh Ebrahimi Farajollah Barati Maryam Bakhtyar Ali Akbar AfrasiabpourNature and mysticism are two topics that have different structures and can be studied with different formulations. In this research, we try to analyze the analytical views about mystical nature and behavior in the intellectual and epistemological systems of Imam Khomein MoreNature and mysticism are two topics that have different structures and can be studied with different formulations. In this research, we try to analyze the analytical views about mystical nature and behavior in the intellectual and epistemological systems of Imam Khomeini (RA) and Ayatollah Shah’abadi (RA). In order to identify their intellectual and epistemological attitudes, we must first identify the ontological and anthropological mystical foundations of human nature and then, the characteristics of natur and mystical path, dimensions of nature, the relationship between intellectual knowledge and intuitive knowledge (mystical behavior), love and human nature. We analyzed Imam Khomeini’s and Ayatollah Shah’abadi’s perspectives and finally compared their epistemological intellectual foundations. The results of the research indicate that Ayatollah Shaha’abadi (RA) is a turning point in the historical evolution of the theory of human nature. His remarkable innovation in relation to human nature shows the prominence of his work because he linked the theory of human nature to the topics of psychology and practical wisdom, and has relied on the requirements of human nature to abstract the soul and provide a practical solution for life. Imam Khomeini formulated a systematic theory regarding mystical nature and behavior. He has linked human nature to the position of absolute governor. The research method is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile -
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54 - مبانی قرآنی منازل السائرین (مطالعة موردی: بخش بدایات)
Hossein Safareh -
Open Access Article
55 - The Role of Spiritual Behavior and Practical Mysticism in Strengthening the Couples' Relationships based on the Qur'an and the Narrations of the Infallibles
. Ma&rsquo;someh Alsadat hosseini mirsafiThe family is a social institution with many functions and effects that are both influential and influential from other social institutions. The desired family system in Islam is formed with the focus on men and women and welcomes any correct method that leads to the st MoreThe family is a social institution with many functions and effects that are both influential and influential from other social institutions. The desired family system in Islam is formed with the focus on men and women and welcomes any correct method that leads to the strengthening of marital relations and practical mysticism and spiritual conduct are among these methods. In practical mysticism, the seeker tries to interpret all his affairs in relation to God and see him present and present in his life. Using practical mysticism, the seeker realizes what he has to do and moves on to reach intuition and the truth of existence. Having these states for the seeker does not mean being away from society. In Islamic mysticism, mystics live in spiritual conduct, at the height of disregard for the world, like other peoples, and use the advantages of social life to strengthen the Seleucid aspect, and their mystical perceptions for their social life. Therefore, the formation of a family and the correct relationship between couples has always been considered in the life of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and the Imams (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and the author intends to answer the question and what role does practical mysticism play in strengthening couples' relationships? Manuscript profile -
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56 - Analysis of Mystical Discourse of Disciple's Behavior in Masnavi Based on Fairclough’s Model
Farajullah Nakhaei Sarv Hadi Heydarnia Azizullah Tavakkoli KafiabadiCritical discourse analysis is a branch of linguistics that examines the relationship between text and the production of ideology. In his proposed model for text analysis, Norman Fairclough considers three levels of description, interpretation, and explanation. The pres MoreCritical discourse analysis is a branch of linguistics that examines the relationship between text and the production of ideology. In his proposed model for text analysis, Norman Fairclough considers three levels of description, interpretation, and explanation. The present article tries to examine Rumi's view on the stages of mystical journey through descriptive-analytical method. At the level of description, this study examined the use of nuclear words and semantic lexical relations and processes in Masnavi. At the level of interpretation of discourses of abandonment, the superiority of discovery and intuition, the denial of partial reason and the gradual nature of behavior and the need to obey the guide were identified as dominant discourses. At the level of explanation, it was concluded that Rumi reproduced the dominant discourses of his time in this regard and his view in this regard is in line with the prevailing ideology of his time. Manuscript profile -
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57 - Exploring the Stages of Gaining Anti-habit in Ibn al-Farez’s Mystical Poems
Shahla Noruzy Raad Naser Hoseini Ardeshir SadreddiniIn mystical literature, generally stepping into the mystic path is achieved by quitting the everyday habits. The most important principle on which the world view of mistics is based is anti-habituation, abandoning innate habits and an archaic view of the cosmos and its MoreIn mystical literature, generally stepping into the mystic path is achieved by quitting the everyday habits. The most important principle on which the world view of mistics is based is anti-habituation, abandoning innate habits and an archaic view of the cosmos and its creator, this distinctive feature has given mystics a unique mystical attitude and it has also created a huge volume of outstanding poems and mystic attitudes. The purpose of this research is to explore, using descriptive-analytical method, the stages of gaining anti-habit from Ibn al-Farez’s view in his mystical poems. The findings of this research indicate that in Ibn al-Farez’s view anti-habituation is achieved through meditation and that meditation is one of the essential Soluk (spiritual journey) practices in many mystical schools. Ibn al-Farez is trying to unveil concepts and phenomena, in a manner that through understanding attributes of divine beauty, opens up the audience’s eyes to veiled realities and awaken them from the sleep of negligence and imitation. Manuscript profile -
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58 - Mystical Themes in Divan Fāni Khoei
Katayoun moradiFāni Khoei (deceased 1846) is a mystical poet and a comprehensive sage who shows in his written works, especially in his poems, that mystical themes have been his constant preoccupation. For this reason, he gives importance to precise points in theoretical and practical MoreFāni Khoei (deceased 1846) is a mystical poet and a comprehensive sage who shows in his written works, especially in his poems, that mystical themes have been his constant preoccupation. For this reason, he gives importance to precise points in theoretical and practical mysticism and defends the theory of the unity of existence with different expressions more than any other concept. Then, following the Khorasani and Iraqi style, and following Sana'i, Attar, and Molavi, he performs art in the field of divine love. It also follows the Sufi path by fighting against the ego and pluralistic thought and he looks at Imam Ali (a.s.) from a mystical point of view and gives more importance to poverty as well as death and survival in mystical authorities. It clearly expresses its dependence on Shiite mysticism and draws the philosophy of human life in love for the eternal beloved. For this reason, this wise poet can be considered one of the great Shiite mystics in Persian literature. Manuscript profile -
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59 - asdsad
hjk kj jj lll -
Open Access Article
60 - A Comparison of the Journey of the Birds in Manteq-o-Teyr with the Journey of the Israelites to Mount Sinai
javad Abbasi mokhad'dareh bolooki The journey of the Israelite elite to Mount Sinai in company of their prophet is one of the stories about the Israelite in the Koran, which, like other Koranic issues, has influenced mystics. Hence, Attar’s Manteq-o-Teyr is considered to be one of the best More The journey of the Israelite elite to Mount Sinai in company of their prophet is one of the stories about the Israelite in the Koran, which, like other Koranic issues, has influenced mystics. Hence, Attar’s Manteq-o-Teyr is considered to be one of the best mystic works of Persian literature, which exposes to us a mystic journey towards the truth. The two journeys can be similar. A journey is done to reach a destination. The present article hypothesizes that there might be a connection, though strange, between the Koranic story and the mystic story; the movement of the elite, an experienced leader, a destination in the mountain, the excuses and pretexts, the life and death at the end of the route (survival and annihilation), and the revelation of the Truth are some of the similarities. Manuscript profile -
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61 - The Explication of 100 Lines of Attar’s Mosibatnameh
zahra ahmadiThe present article studies and explicates 100 lines of Attar’s Mosibatnameh, which describe the journey to perfection. It also tries to compare his definitions with those by other mystics and what has been recorded in the books on mystic terms. Attar presents the MoreThe present article studies and explicates 100 lines of Attar’s Mosibatnameh, which describe the journey to perfection. It also tries to compare his definitions with those by other mystics and what has been recorded in the books on mystic terms. Attar presents the wayfarer (saalek) 100 virtues and vices to lead him to the right path. He stipulates that there can be more than 1000 if he intends to include all of them. What Attar mentions in these lines has also been stated in other mystic books and works, but what is noteworthy here is that his unique definitions are very different from those by other poets, authors, and mystics. The main difference is that Attar defines each vice or virtue in one line, while other poets, authors, and mystics have written lines or pages to define each of them. It is necessary to note that a few lines are vague and may not be explicated clearly. Manuscript profile -
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62 - تحلیل معنویت و سلوک، از منظر محی الدین ابن عربی، امام خمینی و ویکتور فرانکل
الهام هادی نجف ابادی سیدحسین واعظی اکبر گلی ملک ابادی -
Open Access Article
63 - tThe Position Of Woman In Theosophy Regarding The Ibn-E-Arabi Views
مریم BakhtiyarThe agendum of theosophy, particularly the theoretical Gnosticism is the axiology of the being’s hierarchy and such knowledge discusses the existence hierarchy and the emergence of unity from plurality. In such perspective, the woman is as a creature alongside of MoreThe agendum of theosophy, particularly the theoretical Gnosticism is the axiology of the being’s hierarchy and such knowledge discusses the existence hierarchy and the emergence of unity from plurality. In such perspective, the woman is as a creature alongside of the other creatures (as she exists).Theoretical Gnosticism considers her as human being and as Theophanic manifestation of the “Allah” (God/The Creator) comprehensive name. In this article via glancing to the theosophy overall notion, the position of woman regarding The Ibn-E-Arabi views was reviewed. According to Ibn-E-Arabi and other Gnostic points of view the woman is the macro cosmos, the great world that is called “extensive universe”; one of the greatest existing worlds. Manuscript profile -
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64 - Woman and Hazrat Zahra (SA) Position from Sanaee Ghaznavi Viewpoint
A. A. AfrasyabpourSome consider "Sanaee” as women antagonistic, while such a great mystic, based on mystical (Sufism) principles believed in no difference between man and woman regarding the spirituals ranks. In Islamic mysticism women always were the resource of love who could rea MoreSome consider "Sanaee” as women antagonistic, while such a great mystic, based on mystical (Sufism) principles believed in no difference between man and woman regarding the spirituals ranks. In Islamic mysticism women always were the resource of love who could reach the highest level of mystical ranks. In Sanaee works two types of recitations about women could be observed; one with the positive viewpoint which attributed senior conduct and wisdom to them, the other with negative viewpoint that woman gender has not been regarded. Since at "Sanaee” era women were considered as life luxuries, so he either took some negative positions toward polygyny women or might benefited prevalent allegories to communicate with the public. By studying his approach toward Hazrat Zahra (SA) and Shiite we could attaine the woman superior rank in his opinion Manuscript profile -
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65 - Effectiveness of family-centered attachment-based prevention intervention on parent-child relationship improvement, academic achievement motivation, and emotional intelligence in adolescents with conduct disorder
Nahid Mahmoudi Nilofar Refahi Forogh Mahigir Ayatolah Karimi Baghmalek -
Open Access Article
66 - The effect of behavioral training of mothers with conduct disorder children on decreasing aggression in their children
Razieh Hashemi Mohammad Ali GoudarziAim: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of behavioral parent training for mothers of children with conduct disorder on the reduction of aggression symptoms of their children. Method: Twenty-four mothers of children with a diagnosis of MoreAim: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of behavioral parent training for mothers of children with conduct disorder on the reduction of aggression symptoms of their children. Method: Twenty-four mothers of children with a diagnosis of conduct disorder were selected using convenient sampling method. The sample was divided into control and experimental groups (12 mothers in each). Both groups completed the CBCL questionnaire. In the next step, the experimental group participated in behavioral parent training (ten sessions). At the end of the training both groups completed the questionnaire at the post-test phase. The data were analyzed whit ANCOVA. Findings: The results showed that behavior parent training decreased aggression in the children of the experimental group compared whit the control group (p< 0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that behavioral parent training to mothers, could decrease the behavioral problems of their children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Comparing the stages of journey and mystical journey in the works of Attar and Imam Khomeini
Farhad Kakarash dr.sobhan shafeiyan The mystics have spoken at various times about how they walk. This article deals with the comparative analysis of the views of Attar Neishabouri and Imam Khomeini on travel and the stages of journey and journey. Both the mystics give a degree to More The mystics have spoken at various times about how they walk. This article deals with the comparative analysis of the views of Attar Neishabouri and Imam Khomeini on travel and the stages of journey and journey. Both the mystics give a degree to the course of the course, although there are differences of opinion between them regarding the explanation and explanation. The important point is that both mystics have been working towards a common goal, and that the expression of mysticism is in a language that is in the habit of understanding ordinary people because, as both mystics, mysticism is a necessity of human life in all ages, and stepping in this direction all aspects of human life Therefore, it must be eradicated from the particular difficulties and complexities of science, so that the whole human society can be learned. In this research, the descriptive-analytic method, the stages of journey and mystic journey in the works of the writings of Attar and Imam Khomeini have been compared, and the concepts, common and contrastive words in these two, have been identified. Manuscript profile -
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68 - A comparative study of two concepts Fatalism and Free will with Emphasis on Rumi and Attar Poems
Ahmad Mahalmani Abolfazl Ebrahimi Soosan NarimaniThe two concepts of Fatalism and Free will are the most important concepts raised in jurisprudence, philosophy and mystical literature which apart from philosophers, great poets such as Rumi, Sanai, Attar, Hafez, and Saadi have addressed it in their poetry and prose wor MoreThe two concepts of Fatalism and Free will are the most important concepts raised in jurisprudence, philosophy and mystical literature which apart from philosophers, great poets such as Rumi, Sanai, Attar, Hafez, and Saadi have addressed it in their poetry and prose works.This issue becomes more important when in the history of Islam, two schools of Ash'ariyya and Mu'tazila have been established to defend Fatalism and Free will and have put forward numerous arguments to accept or reject them. This article with the purpose of comparative analysis of the two concepts of Fatalism and Free will with emphasis on the poems of Rumi and Attar. The main question of this article is: "How the two concepts of Fatalism and Free will can be analyzed in the poems of Rumi and Attar?" The hypothesis of the authors implies that the concepts of Fatalism and Free will have a special prominence in the poems of Rumi and Attar and that both poets have addressed these two concepts and have tried to analyze them with their own reasons. The findings by using the comparative method showed that the frequency of the concept of Free will in Rumi's poets is much higher than the concept of Fatalism while the frequency of Fatalism in Attar's poets is much wider than the concept of Free will. Therefore, in the course of mysticism, Rumi's poems represent voluntarism and Attar's poems represent Fatalism. Manuscript profile -
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69 - Typology and Analysis of Characene Coins in the Ancient Iranian Museum
Bita Sodaei Abotaleb MoghassemNumismatic studies have an important role in reconstructing the history and culture of governments, which can be an accurate source of information about the past, and with their help illuminate a dark and forgotten part of history. Alexander the Macedonian established C MoreNumismatic studies have an important role in reconstructing the history and culture of governments, which can be an accurate source of information about the past, and with their help illuminate a dark and forgotten part of history. Alexander the Macedonian established Characene in 324 BC, for commercial purposes at the bank of Arvand River. The Seleucid kings ruled this city until 127 BC. Until Hyspaosines founded a local government in this region in 125 BC. Historical sources give researchers a little information about the local kings of Characene. Therefore, identifying and studying Characene coins in museums can significantly contribute to elucidating historical events during this period and fill the existing research gaps to some extent. This study aims to introduce the Characene coins of the National Museum of Iran and to examine historical events through the coin. In this research, field and documentary methods with a historical approach have been used. The results show that the Characene coins in the National Museum of Iran belong to the kings Hyspaosines, Mithradates II, and Attambelos Kings. Historical and numismatic studies show that these kings had trade relations with the Arab regions of the Persian Gulf from the period of Hyspaosines to Attambelos VI, which politically, these local rulers played the role of negative balance in the region. However, from the period of Pacorus II (AD 131), the administration of this region was entrusted to the Parthian princes and in this way limited the power of local rulers. Manuscript profile -
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70 - Report on Archaeological Researches for Localization of Laodicea Temple in Nahavand
Mahdi Rahbar Sajjad AlibaigiThe Hellenistic period is one of the most controversial in the history of Iran. Most of our information from this period drives from accounts of Greek classic historians and geographers such as Strabo, Poliny, and Apian which give us an ambiguous picture of Seleucid per MoreThe Hellenistic period is one of the most controversial in the history of Iran. Most of our information from this period drives from accounts of Greek classic historians and geographers such as Strabo, Poliny, and Apian which give us an ambiguous picture of Seleucid period in Iran. In spite the fact that the Seleucids established their rule over a large part of western Iran for a long period and founded several cities archaeological evidence for the period are few and scanty. The chance discovery of the Greek inscription of Antiochos III in 1943, which refers to the temple of Laodicea, was a turning point in the archaeological and historical studies of Seleucid period in Iran. In addition to the Greek inscription, invaluable finds including bronze figures of Greek deities, stone altar, capital-column, and characteristic potsherds of Seleucid period have been found in historical area of Do- Khaharan (two sisters) northeast of Nahavand city which attest the existence of a Greek temple in the region. In general, historical records and archaeological evidence introduce the city of Nahavand in western Iran as an important centre from the time of Seleucid to the end of Sassanian period. This article presents results of archaeological sounding which was carried out in 2005 and 2011 to find the location of Laodicea temple. Manuscript profile -
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71 - The Impact of Positive Parenting Education on Reducing Symptoms of Pertinacity, Disobedience and Conduct Disorder in Children Ages 7 To 10 Years
khodabakhsh kharaei taktom sadat jafar tabatabaei samaneh sadat jafar tabatabaeiThe present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of group positive parenting education to mothers on symptoms of pertinacity, disobedience and conduct disorder in children. The method of this study was semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test designs and follow up MoreThe present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of group positive parenting education to mothers on symptoms of pertinacity, disobedience and conduct disorder in children. The method of this study was semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test designs and follow up with the control group. Statistical society of this study includes all elementary school children in Kohnuj city schools and 980 boys with their mothers. Symptoms of conduct disorder were diagnosed in 40 of these children according to the parents' Snape rating form (1980) which is about high pertinacity –disobedience and based on the scale of the questionnaire. This was done using the available sampling method and the sample size was divided into experimental group (n = 20) and control group (n = 20). Experimental group learned positive parenting in 8 sessions with 90 minute per sessions. The results of the analysis show that group positive parenting education was effective on reducing of pertinacity and disobedience of conduct experimental group subjects and the case of stubbornness - disobedience had a lasting impact. It can be concluded that group positive parenting education for mothers affects on the symptoms of pertinacity-disobedience and conduct disorder and reduce their symptoms. Manuscript profile -
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72 - The Role of Attribution Styles and Parenting Styles in Predicting Conduct Disorders Mediated by Executive Function in Junior High School Students
neda hoseinlou mehran soleimani reza ghorbanjahromiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of parenting styles and attribution styles in predicting conduct disorders mediated by executive function in junior high school students. The statistical population included all high school students in Khoy in the ac MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of parenting styles and attribution styles in predicting conduct disorders mediated by executive function in junior high school students. The statistical population included all high school students in Khoy in the academic year 2019-2020, from which after estimating the sample size using krejcie -Morgan table and multi-stage cluster random sampling method, 400 people were selected. The sampling method was Multi-stage random. In order to collect information, Aachenbach's Child Behavior Inventory (parents' version (2007)), Baumrind (1971) Parenting Styles Questionnaire and Patterson et al.'s (1982) Attribution Styles Questionnaire were used. Structural equation model in Smart-PLS3 and SPSS-25 software was used to analyze the data. The results of data analysis showed that the three values of 0.01, 0.25 and 0.36 as weak, medium and strong values for GOF, showed a good fit of the proposed model. The results also showed positive attribution style with impact factor (-0.202), Permissive Parenting style with impact factor (0.338), Authoritative Parenting style with impact factor (-0.432) and Defects in executive function with impact factor (0.363) had a direct effect on conduct disorder. Considering the effect of Parenting Styles, Attribution Styles and Defects in executive function on Conduct disorder, it is suggested that more research be done to identify more about the mentioned factors and workshops be held for parents on the importance of this issue Manuscript profile -
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73 - The effect of narrative therapy on social adjustment improvement in children with conduct disorder
Farzaneh Asgarzadeh Salmasi Hamid Pour SharifiIn This study the effectiveness of narrative therapy on social adjustment improvement in children with conduct disorder (CD) was studied. In this quasi-experimental method a sample of 45 male 4 & 5 grader students with (CD) were selected from Tabriz primary schools MoreIn This study the effectiveness of narrative therapy on social adjustment improvement in children with conduct disorder (CD) was studied. In this quasi-experimental method a sample of 45 male 4 & 5 grader students with (CD) were selected from Tabriz primary schools and then randomly assigned to three groups (two experimental groups) and a control group. The data gathering instruments included an interview based on diagnosis criteria DSM-IV TR and child symptom Inventories (CSI-4) teacher’s form and Winelend social maturity scale. The narrative therapy was administered for experimental groups narrative therapy in mother tongue (Turkish), and narrative therapy in non-mother tongue (Farsi) in 11 session (45 minutes for 4 weeks) and control group received no intervention.The results of one way ANCOVA analysis showed that social adjustment of experimental groups was more than control group. It was concluded that narrative therapy could be used social adjustment improvement in children with conduct disorder Manuscript profile -
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74 - The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Intervention on the Emotion Regulation Difficulties Components of Students with Conduct Disorder
Nasrin Mohades Zeinab Khanjani Ali Naghi AqdasiThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based intervention on emotion regulation difficulties in the middle school students with conduct disorder. The present study is a semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based intervention on emotion regulation difficulties in the middle school students with conduct disorder. The present study is a semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group design. The statistical population consisted of all male students from first to third grade of the first secondary school in Tabriz city in the academic years of 2018-2019. From this population, were selected a sample size of 40 people using children symptom inventory (CSI-4) and structured diagnostic and clinical interview by multi-stage cluster sampling and purposeful sampling method and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Data were collected during pre-test and post-test stage of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS). Data analysis was performed using covariance analysis in spss version 25. Data analysis showed that mindfulness-based intervention resulted in a significant difference between groups in difficulty in emotion regulation 76% And its components included non-acceptance of emotional responses 16%, impulse control difficulties 38%, lack of emotional awareness 44%, limited access to emotion regulation strategies 62% (p<0.05). According to the findings, it can be suggested that mindfulness-based intervention reduces the problem of emotional regulation and its components in students with conduct disorder. Manuscript profile -
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75 - بازتاب مقامات دهگانۀ عرفانی در دیوان خاقانی
عطا محمد رادمنش زهرا کریم زاده شوشتری نژاد -
Open Access Article
76 - .
mohsen nazari -
Open Access Article
77 - The analysis of position of mentioning in Quran and its reflection on Islamic mysticism
taher Khoshhal.Dastjerdi marzeh KazamiTo Mention and remember Allah play an important role in the evolution of spirituality in human beings and it is considered to be one of the most important Islamic worship. That is why the Holy Qur'an includes many verses about it. Allah in Holy Qur'an wants the be MoreTo Mention and remember Allah play an important role in the evolution of spirituality in human beings and it is considered to be one of the most important Islamic worship. That is why the Holy Qur'an includes many verses about it. Allah in Holy Qur'an wants the believers always to remember and mention Him. He also remind them the consequences of disobedience of this order and warn them against it. The position of mentioning Allah in Islamic mysticism were under the influence of Qur'an verses as well as many Hadiths which describes the value of this action. Mystics and great Sufism by understanding the high position and importance of mentioning Allah always in their speeches or in their prose and verses, ask followers to do it. By referring to Qur'an verses, they remind their followers the importance of this worship. Manuscript profile -
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78 - A study on concept of Independence and Destitution in Masnaviye Manavi Love fire from Mollana's perspective N. Emami* E.Abdi Makvand** Abstract: Fire is one of the astonishing phenomenon of universe with many characteristics such as giving life, giving death , enthusuiziam, giving warm , making clear guidance movement towards lover and etc….it has always have been attracted the attention of literary men and mysticisms. Mollana has also
eshagh Toghyani hakimeh hadiindependence is one of the behaviour and evolution stages that ascetic who search the way of God, by achieving it feels a kind of independence from everything except God in his/her essence and always know him / her self to need The almighty God. destitution is also amo Moreindependence is one of the behaviour and evolution stages that ascetic who search the way of God, by achieving it feels a kind of independence from everything except God in his/her essence and always know him / her self to need The almighty God. destitution is also among the mystic stages and accounted as one of the highest degrees of behaviour and evolution. Ascetic at this stage reaches to annihilation in the way of God, and this is an extreme stage for saints and mystics. Destitution is the need a creature to God and his/her independence from everythings except God. In this article we try to define and make clear the cocept of independence and destitution and then invetigate these two issues in Masnavi of Molana. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - A Study of the Image of the Perfect King-Human in Didactic Prose Texts (Qābus-Nāmeh, Siyāsatnāmeh, Akhlāq-i Nāsirī, Saadi’s Gulestān and Soluk-olMoluk)
Esmail Sadeghi razieh reiisinafchiMysticism and politics are two related categories that affect each other. The combination of the character of the king-ruler with the mystical perfect man is an instance of such influence. Seeking for the perfect human model, people attributed the Divine Farreh (a divin MoreMysticism and politics are two related categories that affect each other. The combination of the character of the king-ruler with the mystical perfect man is an instance of such influence. Seeking for the perfect human model, people attributed the Divine Farreh (a divine mystical force) and divine confirmation to the kings and considered the kings as the examples of this model. This model has similar characteristics with the model of the perfect man in theistic and non-theistic religions; including having Divine Farreh and being just, wise and sage. In this study, which is a content analysis study, the effect of mysticism on the formation of the image of perfect king-human has been studied in didactic texts (Qābus-Nāmeh, Siyāsatnāmeh (Book of Government), ‎Akhlāq-i Nāsirī (Nasirean Ethics), Saadi’s Gulestān and Soluk-olMoluk). The results indicated that Mystical attitude has played an important role in characterization of the king-ruler in non-mystical (or educational) texts. Accordingly, there are two different attitudes: 1. achievable perfect king-human; 2. unachievable perfect (or ideal) king-human. Based on results, the unachievable perfect king-human has only been considered in Solukol-Moluk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Ethical Examples and Themes in Faraedel al-Suluk
Khadije Sadat Tabatabaee Davood MohammadiMoral thoughts in Persian poetry and prose draw on religious culture and education, and the existence of these thoughts has given Persian literature a special richness. Faraedel al Soluk is one of the valuable works of the seventh century AH that is full of educational MoreMoral thoughts in Persian poetry and prose draw on religious culture and education, and the existence of these thoughts has given Persian literature a special richness. Faraedel al Soluk is one of the valuable works of the seventh century AH that is full of educational teachings and contains a treasure trove of knowledge, virtues, and wisdom. In this study, an inductive method has been used to examine texts that explicitly or indirectly imply moral themes, and using the content analysis method, the relevant words and phrases have been described. Therefore, the most important question in this study is: "In the book Faraedel Al Soluk by Sajasi, which moral and educational teachings are recommended and from which moral vices are forbidden?" For this purpose, Faraedel Al Soluk by Shams Sajasi was chosen as the axis of work and appropriate moral examples were extracted from this book in line with the topic. The results of the study indicate that Sajasi, in his book, in addition to providing literary pleasure for the audience, uses every opportunity to convey his educational thoughts to the audience and, under the influence of the moral teachings of the Islamic religion, directly or indirectly, through the narration of appropriate stories or parables, leads the reader towards the manifestation of moral virtues and by explaining the consequences of moral vices, makes them undesirable in his eyes and tries to guide people on the right path of life." Faraedel Al Soluk, Shams Sajasi; Morality; Moral Virtues; Moral vices Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Explain the dimensions of mystical behavior and its effect on creating peace of mind in families
Ma'sumah Momeni Zadeh Ali Fathollahi Hussein FalsafiThe family is the basis of society, the first building block of human collective life, the building block of society and the main center for maintaining and promoting social traditions, norms and values. Undoubtedly, the solid foundation of social ties and kinship relat MoreThe family is the basis of society, the first building block of human collective life, the building block of society and the main center for maintaining and promoting social traditions, norms and values. Undoubtedly, the solid foundation of social ties and kinship relations in the emergence of human emotions is the center of the family.Early and later mystics were aware of the importance and constructive role of the family. They have learned the necessary rules, customs and ethics of the family from religious, moral and mystical sources and have acquired the necessary skills. This study aims to express the role of practical mysticism components in the system of the family center and with a descriptive method and library study shows that the people of conduct while respecting the sanctity of the family, including their spouse or children in attention and provision Their mental health and happiness have also been given special attention. Mystics have been diligent in establishing intimate relationships with everyone, especially with young children, and have played a role in playing and talking to children like themselves. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Soluk from the Perspective of Ibn al-Farez
Amir Hossein RasoulniaSoluk (spiritual journey) is one of the most important issues in mysticism. Each mystic has his own interpretation of suluk. One of the most famous Arabic poets is Ibn al-Farez (Umar ibn Alī ibn al-Fārid), 576-632 AH, known as Sultān al-Āshegin, who is a great mystic an MoreSoluk (spiritual journey) is one of the most important issues in mysticism. Each mystic has his own interpretation of suluk. One of the most famous Arabic poets is Ibn al-Farez (Umar ibn Alī ibn al-Fārid), 576-632 AH, known as Sultān al-Āshegin, who is a great mystic and a man of letters. Ibn al-Farez has established his mysticism based on love; he continually speaks of divine wine and believes that Love is the most important subject in the world and the greatest motivation for transcendence of man. The present article tries to examine suluk in Ibn al-Farez's works from literary and mystical points of view and to study four stages of "sensual observation", "sensual experience", "direct vision by heart" and "spiritual observation" in his thoughts. The results show that he uses the symbols for exposition of soluk and only Muslim mystics can understand his explanations about symbols. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Re-description of Spiritual Journey in Fictional Literature: (The Case Study: Tuesdays with Morrie)
Leila Hāshemiyān Nasrin NisiSpiritual journey (suluk) has been noticed in fictions from classic to modern age, and it has been put forward in all countries with different literary styles. Many books have paid attention to spiritual journey of man towards God and have re-described it. Tuesdays with MoreSpiritual journey (suluk) has been noticed in fictions from classic to modern age, and it has been put forward in all countries with different literary styles. Many books have paid attention to spiritual journey of man towards God and have re-described it. Tuesdays with Morrie, by American author Mitch Albom, is a story that entertains the levels of perfection in a real-fictional context. In the present article, by using descriptive and library methods, mystical motifs and topics that definitely are foundation of the process of a spiritual journey (suluk) are considered and compared with traditional mysticisms. We have come to the conclusion that the process of spiritual journey (suluk) has transformed in the mind of the author. The concepts, like old man, awakening and consciousness, have definite meaning in classic mysticism, but in the modern age, while keeping the same meanings, they have been presented in new form and style. In the present article, the stages of spiritual journey of the main character of the story have been classified, and it has been emphasized on capacities of contemporary fictional literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - The Stages of Suluk from the Perspectives of Attar and Shabestari; Based on Manṭiq uṭ-Ṭayr and Gulshan-i Raz
Mālek Shoāee Seid Mohammadreza Hosseininiā Mehri Pākzād Manṭiq uṭ-Ṭayr (The Conference of the Birds) and Gulshan-i Raz (Rose Garden of Secrets), written about a century apart, are based on suluk (mystical journey). The authors of these two books consider mystical path (tariqat) as a difficult path; Farid ud-Din Attar More Manṭiq uṭ-Ṭayr (The Conference of the Birds) and Gulshan-i Raz (Rose Garden of Secrets), written about a century apart, are based on suluk (mystical journey). The authors of these two books consider mystical path (tariqat) as a difficult path; Farid ud-Din Attar in Manṭiq uṭ-Ṭayr calls it "valley" and Mahmud Shabestari in Gulshan-i Raz speaks about "obstacles". Gulshan-i Raz speaks about four obstacles to suluk and, in Manṭiq uṭ-Ṭayr, Attar believes in seven valleys: request, love, knowledge, detachment, Unity, wonderment and finally poverty and annihilation. If the stages of suluk put forth by these two mystics are analyzed based on seven valleys in Manṭiq uṭ-Ṭayr and forty stages of suluk (as mentioned by the Muslim mystics), it becomes clear that Shabestari puts forth "repentance" and not " request" as the first stage of suluk. In contrast to Attar, Shabestari proposes concepts for stages of "love" and "Unity (tohid)" which are accompanied by shaṭḥiyyāt and tamat (ecstatic sayings), but Attar considers wonderment as necessary for Unity. The fourth valley in Attar’s suluk, “detachment”, like the stages of love (mohabbat), patience (sabr), exertion (jahd), worship (ibadat), and obedience to God (taslim), is not present in Shabestari’s poetry. Similarly, the stages of piety (vara), sincerity (ikhlas), and saintship (vilayat) are present in Shabestari’s poetry while they are nowhere to be seen in Manṭiq uṭ-Ṭayr. The two poets cite 27 common stages and both of them do not mention a number of stages. In this descriptive-analytical study, seven valleys of Attar and the forty stages of suluk, as basis of the research, are evaluated in Manṭiq uṭ-Ṭayr and Gulshan-i Raz, and common and controversial concepts and terms are outlined in them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - The Mystical and Mythological Perspective of Shahrnush Parsipur on Women and Their Social Position in Her Novel Women Without Men
solmaz pourtaghimiandoab toroj aghdai Heidar Hassan Lou MEHRI TALKHABIMystical stories serve as a means of spreading awareness and promoting spirituality in the realm of mysticism and human progress towards self-transcendence. Numerous authors have focused on transcendence under the guise of mysticism and spiritual experience in their wor MoreMystical stories serve as a means of spreading awareness and promoting spirituality in the realm of mysticism and human progress towards self-transcendence. Numerous authors have focused on transcendence under the guise of mysticism and spiritual experience in their works. Shahrnush Parsipur is one such writer who views the lives of her fictional characters through a mystical lens and portrays immortality in reality. In her renowned novel Women Without Men, Parsipur employs mystical elements to create her female characters. The objective of this research is to investigate the social and mystical perspective of Shahrnush Parsipur towards women and their social status, based on the novel, using an analytical-descriptive approach. The findings of this research suggest that each character in the novel can be considered a representative of a segment of women's society; women who, by attaining self-knowledge and embarking on a spiritual journey, strive to understand the truth of their existence and seek inner purity, immortality, and truth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - فرآیند درونیسازی در مثنوی معنوی
Behzad Amini Alireza Mozffari -
Open Access Article
87 - The Obstacles Preventing to Attain Perfection In Masnavi
محمدعلی خالدیان In order to attain recognition and perfection, Gnostics and the followers of the Truth have made some suggestions to their disciples such an self-discipline and purification, as well as some preventive factors not to be followed by the disciples. As one of the More In order to attain recognition and perfection, Gnostics and the followers of the Truth have made some suggestions to their disciples such an self-discipline and purification, as well as some preventive factors not to be followed by the disciples. As one of the most distinguished Gnostics of the 7th century (A.D), Molānā Jalal Al-Din, in his Masnavi suggests some effective ways to the disciples to be followed, which lead them to perfection. He also introduces the obstacles which prevent the holy traveler (Sālek) from attaining to perfection. The obstacles may be classified as follows: Corporal and worldly attachments such as wealth, appetite, carnal desire etc. Ego-centric thoughts such as pride, envy, boasting etc. By recognizing these obstacles, the holy traveler (Sālek) can reach the peak of perfection. The factors mentioned will be discussed in the present essay. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - The Mystical Stages in Manteq-al Tyr of Attar and Yoga Sutras of Patanjali: A Comparative Study
Ali Sādeghi Shahpar Rezā Sādeghi shahparMystical stages in Yoga Sutras are eight stages,and in Manteq-altayr of Attar are seven places. The pilgrims of both of these paths begin their works with religious law, ethics and discipline rules to reach to the more subtle stages of mysticism. After passing the MoreMystical stages in Yoga Sutras are eight stages,and in Manteq-altayr of Attar are seven places. The pilgrims of both of these paths begin their works with religious law, ethics and discipline rules to reach to the more subtle stages of mysticism. After passing these stages, the pilgrims achieve the “unity”, or a kind of “Fanā” (i.e. annihilation) in Manteq- altayr, and “Samadehi” in Yoga; the difference between them lies in the fact that the pilgrim of Islamic mysticism seeks unity with God, but the pilgrim of Yoga seeks unity with himself. This article tries to compare mystical doctrine in Yoga Sutras and Manteq-altayr to show their similarities and differences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Stages of Spiritual Journey in Buddhism and Islamic Mysticism: A Comparative Analysis
علی فتح اللهی قاسم صحرایی Dhammapada is a versified philosophic and ethical Buddhist scripture traditionally ascribed to the Gautama Buddha himself. For a long time Buddhism preserved its strongholds in the east of ancient Iran, especially in Balkh. Balkh was also one of the ori More Dhammapada is a versified philosophic and ethical Buddhist scripture traditionally ascribed to the Gautama Buddha himself. For a long time Buddhism preserved its strongholds in the east of ancient Iran, especially in Balkh. Balkh was also one of the origins of Islamic mysticism. It can be imagined that because of proximity, teachings of Buda have influenced Muslim mystics. Based on Dhammapada and with regard to Islamic mystical texts, the present article tries to study esoteric abodes and stages of spiritual journey in Buddhism and Islamic mysticism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Nezāmī Ganjavī: A Mystic Poet?
یعقوب نوروزی حجت ا... قهرمانی Can Nezāmī Ganjavī (1141-1209), like Sanā'ī Ghaznavi, Attār-e Neishābūri and Mowlānā Jalāl-al Din Balkhī, be called a mystic poet? Is he an official mystic or is he just a poet who entertains mystic thoughts beside other subjects in his works? This More Can Nezāmī Ganjavī (1141-1209), like Sanā'ī Ghaznavi, Attār-e Neishābūri and Mowlānā Jalāl-al Din Balkhī, be called a mystic poet? Is he an official mystic or is he just a poet who entertains mystic thoughts beside other subjects in his works? This article, after having answered the above questions, will discuss the reflection of Nezāmī's mystical thoughts in his life and poems. Then, his view toward his contemporary mystic traditions, disciplined Sufi practices, piety and renunciation of the world (all of which are figured prominently in his works) are examined. Finally, it will be concluded that Nezāmī, unlike Sanā'ī, Attār, and Mowlānā is not a mystic poet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Heart of Man and Its Place in Islamic Mysticism
Morteza Shajari Zahra GwezliIslamic mystics, by citing to the recit (Hadith) ‘God created man in His (own) image’, believe that the man is a God-displaying mirror. According to them, there are various Divine names, attributes and manifestions, so the reality of man is one-many that rec MoreIslamic mystics, by citing to the recit (Hadith) ‘God created man in His (own) image’, believe that the man is a God-displaying mirror. According to them, there are various Divine names, attributes and manifestions, so the reality of man is one-many that receives various names because of various manifestions. Most of the Muslim mystics believe that the reality of man is his heart and call its manisfestion ‘Latāyef sabae’ (seven subtleties). These subtleties are as follows: nature, soul, reason, heart, secret, hidden secret and the most hidden state. In disciplined Sufi practice (suluk), these seven stages are considered as the stages of man’s perfection. If the ‘soul’ of man perfects his talent, strengthens his power of illumination and becomes a God-displaying mirror, then his soul will be called ‘heart’ that is the meeting point of esoteric and external worlds. At this time, he will be God’s Throne. The persent article, by considering the reality of ‘heart’from Muslim mystics’ points of view, tries to analyze ‘Latāyef sabae’ (seven subtleties) in the arcs of descent and ascent. ____________________ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - “Suluk” in the Story of Sheikh Sanān and Siddhartha: A Comparative Analysis
Eshāq Toqyānī Zohreh MoshāverīThere are common grounds in the world's great literary works which have their roots in adaption or following common patterns. “Suluk” (spiritual journey) and struggle towards perfection are instances of these common grounds. There are remarkable similarity b MoreThere are common grounds in the world's great literary works which have their roots in adaption or following common patterns. “Suluk” (spiritual journey) and struggle towards perfection are instances of these common grounds. There are remarkable similarity between the story of Sheikh Sanān, composed by Farīdad-Dīn Attār (1145 –1221) in Mantiq-ut-Tayr, and Siddhartha, a novel written by Hermann Hesse, the German contemporary poet and novelist. Referring to the similarities and differences between these works, and by analyzing the actions of characters, the present article shows that the main characters in both works are trying to reach perfection through suluk, in which worldly love is one of the important parts of this spiritual journey Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - The Development of Solitude in Islamic Mysticism
Zakiyyeh Fattāhi Shahram PazookiSolitude is one of the stages of “Suluk” in practical mysticism; and it has two aspects: inward and outward. The outward aspect refers to keeping apart from others for achieving self-purification. The inward aspect relates to peace of mind, continuity of med MoreSolitude is one of the stages of “Suluk” in practical mysticism; and it has two aspects: inward and outward. The outward aspect refers to keeping apart from others for achieving self-purification. The inward aspect relates to peace of mind, continuity of meditation, repeating the name of God (zekr), leaving the worldly interests and finally servitude of God. Solitude is the basic pillar of a spiritual journey and has its own rituals. So, “the guides” in mysticism recommend solitude highly. In the various periods of Islamic mysticism, development of the concept of solitude shows the dynamism of practical mysticism.The present article considers the rituals of solitude Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Sanāī and Professional Ethics
Soheilā MousviSirjāni Mahdiyeh MansouriEthics is one the most principal concerns of humans. It determinates the limits of normal behavior and acts. No institution and profession can live without ethical concerns. Ethics has religious and mystical origin and is influenced by custom, culture, history and other MoreEthics is one the most principal concerns of humans. It determinates the limits of normal behavior and acts. No institution and profession can live without ethical concerns. Ethics has religious and mystical origin and is influenced by custom, culture, history and other social phenomena. Indeed, there is a continuous interaction among these factors that bring about changes in the principles, values and norms of society and define the characteristics of the acceptable patterns of personal and social behaviors. Professional ethics are the codes and standards that a man/woman or an organized group of people working in the same occupation must respect. Indeed, Professional ethics are process of rational thinking, its aim is to nourish the values that must be protected and spread in the society. The present article tries to study the subjects of professional ethics in the poems of Sanāī and his book Hadiqat al Haqiqa. According to him, mysticism and Sufism are means for promoting ethics, knowledge and any attempt. Anyone who considers ethical manners modifies his/her demands for others' sake, and serves to others by strengthening his/her spirituality. Sanāī insists that God, as the highest beauty, is the ultimate criterion of ethics. According to his system of thought, approximation to god, obtaining the consent of Him and accessing to social justice and freedom are the ideal of ethical codes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - The Effectiveness of Modified Behavior Therapy on Conduct Children with Callous-Unemotional Traits
Zeinab Khanjani Touraj Hashrmi Nosratabad Seyedeh Leila FakhimiThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of modified behavior therapy on conduct disorder symptoms in chil- dren with callous-unemotional traits. In the single-case experimental design with multiple baselines, three boys with conduct disorder were sele MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of modified behavior therapy on conduct disorder symptoms in chil- dren with callous-unemotional traits. In the single-case experimental design with multiple baselines, three boys with conduct disorder were selected by Available and purposeful according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. For this purpose, Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (Frick, 2003) was used to identify children with callous-unemotional traits. Modified Behavioral Therapy for the implementation of a self-made training package derived from the teachings of Miller et.al (2014) and Waschbusch et.al (2019), and Parent Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scales (Pellham, Gnagy, Greenslade & Milich, 1992) for investigating con- duct disorder symptoms in the baseline and intervention stages were used. Data analysis by using graphs and calculation of improve- ment percentage and effect size showed that modified behavior therapy has a clinical effect on reducing conduct disorder symptoms. Based on research findings, it can be said that the use of modified behavior therapy has practical implications for reducing conduct disorder symptoms, and is recommended for parents, counselors, and clinicians. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - بررسی حجاب معرفت (رویت) با تکیه بر کتب ادبی -عرفانی
عباس برنا -
Open Access Article
97 - The Elite's Veil in Spiritual Behavior Based on Literary and Gnostic Books
Abbas Borna Farahnaz Mohammad VandAbstract Since the man's pure spirit kept distance from God's immense and pure garden, and was imprisoned in materialistic and world's cage, it constantly groans as a result of that separation and scrambles to raise all obstac MoreAbstract Since the man's pure spirit kept distance from God's immense and pure garden, and was imprisoned in materialistic and world's cage, it constantly groans as a result of that separation and scrambles to raise all obstacles of light and darkness that has accepted through passing materialistic and physical worlds and paves the way for God's attainment. In dark veils such as greed, lust, duplicity, etc. individuals and groups are unanimous in their prevention and there is no ambiguity in it. Sufficient condition for removing these types of veils are disciple's asceticism and diligence. The light veils that individuals usually deal with them and at first they do not think of them as veil and obstacle and in their opinion they also go through it directly. They even imagine it as a cause of improvement. They do not know each light for light itself is counted lighter than the veil and the disciple being satisfied with one light gets deprived of other lights. Veils such as excessiveness in worship and obedience, excessiveness in spiritual journey, imagination of God's attainment, expecting reward for worship, etc contrary to talk veils, to remove these types of veils, we need divine dispensation in addition to disciple's diligence. It is being tried, in this paper, to explain several examples of different types of light veils and their difference with dark veils and to get familiar with the quality of prevention of these spiritual veils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Introducing The Ghataratol Hayat from Mohammad Amindar Kashmiri, a Less known Work in the eleventh century A. H.
Kayhan Namjoo Mehdi Famoori Jalil NazariAbstract One of the most valuable and distinguished cultural heritage of each country is its enormous treasure of manuscripts. The Ghataratol Hayat from Mohammad Amindar Kashmiri is of the precious manuscript MoreAbstract One of the most valuable and distinguished cultural heritage of each country is its enormous treasure of manuscripts. The Ghataratol Hayat from Mohammad Amindar Kashmiri is of the precious manuscripts of the 11thc A. H. From this work which has not yet been corrected or edited, two copies have been survived. The first one is in the library of Tehran University with the number of 7866 in 253 pages in Nasta'liq calligraphy. The second copy which is our source for correction is the pictorial one with the number of 184 in the same library. Its authenticity Ganj Bakhsh with 861 Ganj 754/2 in 347 pages. Since it is one of the works which deals with the Islamic mysticism, excursion, and beliefs of the leaders Nagshbandieh order, we may consider it as a distinguished work to attain the author's stance in the literature and its impressiveness on the tenets of sufi sects. We have tried to be familiar with its stylistic traits in literature and mysticism. The method of correction in this copy is based on the comparative one through which a possible error is eliminated by adaptation with the substitute copy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - تاملی فلسفی - سلوکی درباره ماره ونسبت آن با انسان در فلسفه بودایی با تاکید بر سنت ترواده
امیرحسین فرخزاد نیا هاتف سیاهکوهیان -
Open Access Article
100 - بررسی آراء و دیدگاههای سلوک عرفانی آیت الله شاه آبادی (ره) با تاکید بر فطرت
فیروزه ابراهیمی فرج الله براتی مریم بختیار علی اکبر افراسیاب پور -
Open Access Article
101 - The allegory and symbol of the old man in the story of thirty chickens and Simorgh from the logic of Al-Tir Attar
manije pooladi امیرحسین همتی ata radmaneshIn mysticism, the manifestation of the divine spirit in the existence of a perfect human being is interpreted as love for the essence of truth. In mysticism, the human soul is in the process of being exalted and moving towards the truth. In the last stage of death, the MoreIn mysticism, the manifestation of the divine spirit in the existence of a perfect human being is interpreted as love for the essence of truth. In mysticism, the human soul is in the process of being exalted and moving towards the truth. In the last stage of death, the perfect human being finds God-like truth like the thirty birds of Attar and the pilgrims in the mystical works. In mysticism, the most important criterion for a seeker's conduct is the presence of an old man with a self-possessed soul and a mentor. A father, a mentor or a sheikh in mysticism, with his insight, clarity and sharpness, invites seekers and people in general to refine the self,preserve character and morals. Attar Neishabouri,the great poet and mystic of the 6th and 7th centuries, has placed allegory as the basis and principle of his stories.In al-Tayr logic, he has presented the meanings and long mystical themes,including the old man's theorem, in the best way in the form of allegory and symbol. The importance of the presence of elders and guides in showing the way to the seeker creates the necessity of research on this issue.The purpose of this research is to explain the allegory and symbol of the old man with the descriptive-analytical method and library collection and to explain its guiding and instructive role and to find the aspects of knowledge, leadership and meaning in the character, in the story of Simorgh and Simorgh from Al-Tir logic. Attar, reveal and analyze. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Safir-e Simorgh in Kargahe Ankaboot
Shahin Ojagh AlizadehThe purpose of this article is to investigate and analyze Suhrawardi’s masterpiece “The Calling of Simorgh” and to examine the grand thoughts of this thinker. On the surface, this valuable work seems to be a treatise on mysticism explaining the s MoreThe purpose of this article is to investigate and analyze Suhrawardi’s masterpiece “The Calling of Simorgh” and to examine the grand thoughts of this thinker. On the surface, this valuable work seems to be a treatise on mysticism explaining the stages of Suluk and the secrets of Gnosticism, but in fact is a voluminous book, summarized for instructional purposes. Manuscript profile
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