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Open Access Article

1 - The Effect of Critical Thinking Instruction on Students' Achievement
A. Khalkhali M. Sadooghi

The single direct way to succeed in teaching/learning methods is whether or not circumstances that provide abetter thinking condition are taken in to account (Dewey, 1946). Critical thinking is that mode of thinkingaboutany subject, content, or problem - in which the th More

The single direct way to succeed in teaching/learning methods is whether or not circumstances that provide abetter thinking condition are taken in to account (Dewey, 1946). Critical thinking is that mode of thinkingaboutany subject, content, or problem - in which the thinker improves the quality of his or her thinking byskillfully analyzing, assessing, and reconstructing it (Paul et al, 1997).Teaching "critical reading" should be at the core of any discussion of critical thinking (carr, 1990). The studywith consideration to this hypothesis that, "critical thinking instruction affects on students' achievement" ,presents a model in order to students' critical thinking assessment and studies on the effect of critical thinkinginstruction on students' achievement. Thus following hypothesizes are formed:Main hypothesis:critical thinking instruction affect on students' achievement.Derivative hypothesises:1. the quantity of effecting critical thinking instruction on students' achievement is different, regarding theirmajor field of study.2. the quantity of effecting critical thinking instruction on students' achievement is different, regarding totheir gender.3. critical thinking instruction increases students critical thinking.On the basis of topic and purpose, this study is an applied one, while it is an experimental study regardingthe procedures of data collection. In order to make the subjects of the study homogenous, a pretest-posttestdesign with a control group was used. The population of the study, includes conditioned students (those withterm average score of less than 12 [ out of 20]). Studying in the first semester of the educational calendar2005-06 in the Islamic Azad university at Tonekabon. They are studying science and humanities withvarious majors. The frequency of the population includes 485 conditioned students, from among whom 63were randomly selected as samples, using the formula 2 2 22 2. .. . .N d t sN t sR+= .30 were assigned into the experimental and 30 others, were also assigned into the control group of the study.The experimental group was divided into two sub-groups of 15 subjects: one sub-group was instructedcritical thinking and the other was instructed on unrelated topic (time management). The control group wasassigned to ordinary instruction. After the administration of the pretest and posttest, the subjects' scores incritical thinking were determined; meanwhile, their semesters average scores were taken from universityeducational office. Then the hypotheses of the study were analyzed in descriptive statistics (Mean,percentage, tables and chart) and in inferential statistics (using the spss software, T-test, Tuki and the onewayANOVA). The findings, show that first: teaching critical thinking instruction with the method presentedin the study will increase students critical thinking. Second: there is a significant relationship between criticalthinking and students' achievement: teaching critical thinking will increase students' achievement, and third,no significant difference was found in the degree of effect form critical thinking instruction on students'achievement, taking variables such as "major of study" and "gender" into consideration Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Interpretation Of Architecture By Post-modern Foundation with Semiotics Aspect
Seyed Mostafa Mokhtabad-Amrei Amirmasoud Dabagh

This essay is considered an attempt to present how "semiotic studies can be used as a perceptional aspect of interpretation of postmodern movement in reading architecture. Semiotics is the philosophical and scientific study of   semiosis: the relation of signi More

This essay is considered an attempt to present how "semiotic studies can be used as a perceptional aspect of interpretation of postmodern movement in reading architecture. Semiotics is the philosophical and scientific study of   semiosis: the relation of signification with sign, mind and object or more generally, the creation of meaning; But they both refer respectively to the theories of "Saussure" and "Peirce". According Saussure`s idea, the sign consists of two parts: a signified which is a concept, and a signifier which is a mental pattern of a sound or image. He has believed that the relationship between the signifier and signified is arbitrary. They are both whole cognitive and provide no form of external reference. "Peirce" claims that each sign consists of three inter-related parts: object, interpretation, representation. In postmodern textual point of view, every perception of text, exchanges to a new object. Actually the thought of post-structuralism such as postmodernism, uses different perspectives to create a multifaceted interpretation of a text, even if these interpretations conflict with one another. It is particularly important to analyze how the meanings of a text shift in relation to certain variables, usually involving the identity of the reader. Derrida believed that the absence of the transcendental signified extends the domain and the play of signification infinitely. Derrida’s alternate strategy was to de-center the text thereby increasing play and opening up the exploration of meaning. We are dealing here an approach of architecture and postmodern thought within field of semiotics. This is a shadowy zone closely linked to human nature in which we will have to convey descriptive sensations of what remain to be still discovered or analyzed. In every perception of architecture lies a vision which connects us to the signified. Because we have all our inner images, and due to human beings rising in different cultures, we live our own personal different resonances. The architecture includes some messages in its. In semiotics, a code is a set of convention or sub-codes currently in use to communicate meaning. To that extent, codes represent a broad interpretative framework used by both addressers and their addressees to encode and decode the messages. The appreciation or analysis of architecture and it`s spatial configuration is always seen between cognition, culture, knowledge and society. The appreciation, due to abstract representational configurations and geometrical pattern remain to be deciphering with great attention and care with structured distinguish of subjective/objective interpretations and reactive flexible meaning of perception’s consideration. The architecture has been consisted of different layers of meaning such as a text. These layers would make different  meanings and sense for project to be appear in the deepest plan. The spectator, according to his mysterious understanding, unveils the messages in layers of the text and also try to make interpret of it .We can divide all layers of the plan in two main groups: (a) corporal layers (b) supra corporal layers. The author`s messages at the plan and in the texture of the plan  which is contained with codes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Providing the Optimal Urban Furniture Graphic Reading pattern in order to realize the Quality of the Environment (Case of study: District 2 of Tehran)
Katayoun Teymourian Parvaneh Zivyar seyyed Mani Esniashari

One of the most important human needs that must be answered in the context of urban life is the need for social life. Cities with a favorable visual environment are able to improve the society's mental image of itself by expanding the aesthetic experience of citizens. S More

One of the most important human needs that must be answered in the context of urban life is the need for social life. Cities with a favorable visual environment are able to improve the society's mental image of itself by expanding the aesthetic experience of citizens. Strengthen their civic pride. District 2 of Tehran Municipality is one of the largest urban areas of Tehran, which has many extra-urban uses. Due to the existence of such uses, the volume of traffic and travel within the city to region 2 is very high; For this reason, it is important in the discussion of the concept of environmental graphics and urban furniture. The purpose of the present research is to present the optimal urban furniture graphic reading model in order to realize the quality of the environment in the 2nd district of Tehran as a densely populated area. The research method that governs the research is the mixed method (quantitative-qualitative) and in terms of the purpose, it is an applied research type. The collection of research data has been done in library form and through survey studies and review of theoretical research literature. In the final stage, the data was analyzed using the Friedman test and t-test, and among the indicators affecting the environmental graphics, the index of urban elements with a value of 2.25 and the index of drawn paintings are among the indicators affecting urban furniture. With different colors on the walls with a value of 1.45 respectively, the highest and lowest indicators of the environmental graphics of the area have been recognized. The urban furniture elements of the range lack the necessary efficiency for the citizens. Monitoring the design, construction and location of urban elements and urban furniture designed in the studied area is low in terms of common standards. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - A Comparative Study of Perception in novel of Joyce's "Dublinians" and Sadegh Hedayat's "Zendeh Begour"
Mohammad Karimi Nasser Maleki

The theory of perception is based on the assumption that the audience, itself, produces meaning. In this theory, each audience, based on their social, historical situation and mental experience, has an understanding of the text, which raises his perception, understandin More

The theory of perception is based on the assumption that the audience, itself, produces meaning. In this theory, each audience, based on their social, historical situation and mental experience, has an understanding of the text, which raises his perception, understanding and expectation of what is, and he is no longer the audience before reading the text. One of the writing methods of James Joyce (1882-1941) and Sadegh Hedayat (1902-1951) is to use the elements of the theory of perception. They have been able to engage readers well with the text. The main purpose of this article is to find examples of elements of perception theory (open space, open end, unexpected end, uncertain chains, reference to parts of another text, writing based on cultural context and question design) that has been conducted using descriptive-analytical method and library research method. The authors of the article intend to investigate and explain methods of Hedayat and Joyce's use of the theory of perception by providing examples from the stories of the book "Dublinians" and the collection of stories "Zandeh Begour". Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Suggestibility Comparison of Mehdi Akhavān-Sāles and Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati from The Myth of Sisyphus
Fatemeh Daliri Houshang Zandi Mahmoud Shakib

One of the most important suggestible sources for contemporary Arabic and Persian poets is the myth of Sisyphus. In the fables of ancient Greece it is said that Sisyphus was sentenced because of disobedience and objection of gods and his punishment was to roll up a heav More

One of the most important suggestible sources for contemporary Arabic and Persian poets is the myth of Sisyphus. In the fables of ancient Greece it is said that Sisyphus was sentenced because of disobedience and objection of gods and his punishment was to roll up a heavy stone to top a high mountain and then by an inauspicious fate the stone falls down and takes him down. The different readings of scholars and literary men caused various suggestibility from philosophical, social, political and cultural viewpoints. The present research analyzes and studies the contemporary poets' political reading such as Mehdi Akhavān-Sāles –famous Iranian poet – and Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati – well known Iraqi poet and tries to find answers for the following questions: why do Akhavān and Bayati read the myth politically? What other factors do they accompany to express their aim? Are these two poets affect each other in political reading of the myth? Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Intertextuality of Poetries by Akhtal with Holy Quran
Hamid Motevallizadeh Naeini Reza Afkhami Aqda Rahmatollah Heidari Manesh

intertextuality is one of the important topics in literary criticism, a theory in order to read the literary text more deeply and achieve its unspoken. According to this theory, any text, consciously or unconsciously, is the birth and re-reading of pre- or contemporary More

intertextuality is one of the important topics in literary criticism, a theory in order to read the literary text more deeply and achieve its unspoken. According to this theory, any text, consciously or unconsciously, is the birth and re-reading of pre- or contemporary texts. The Holy Quran is one of the texts with which the poems of many poets have been linked; One of these poets is the famous poet of the Umayyad era, who has used Qur'anic interpretations and concepts in his poems in a very artistic and creative way and has made his poems extremely attractive and effective. The present study aims to explain the types of Quranic intertextual examples by Akhtal by analytical – descriptive method to analyze the types of intertextual relationships in the poems extracted from him with the Quran. Review of Akhtal poems prove that sometimes he uses the content or meaning of a verse or verses from the Holy Quran as his source of inspiration, and sometimes he uses Quranic verses in the structure of sentences and music of verses, and sometimes he refers to Quranic stories to his literary work as an attribute of holiness and permanence. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Hermeneutics and female reading of the Qur'an: An analysis of Amina Wadood's views
Arezoo Eslami Saeed Shafiei Ibrahim Iqbal Mahmoud Abai

10.30495/qsf.2021.683449

The influence of hermeneutics as well as "female reading" in understanding and interpreting is one of the issues that has been raised in recent decades in the field of interpretation of religious texts. In this study, we intend to analyze and examine this view of unders More

The influence of hermeneutics as well as "female reading" in understanding and interpreting is one of the issues that has been raised in recent decades in the field of interpretation of religious texts. In this study, we intend to analyze and examine this view of understanding the Qur'an based on the views of Amina Wadood. He tries to recite Qur'anic verses about women in a way he calls "monotheistic hermeneutics." Wadood considers the Qur'an to be the word of God and a moral history. He believes that except for rituals of worship that are unchangeable, it should not necessarily imitate other parts of the Qur'an that are related to specific contexts, unless later a general and systematic framework can be built and those principles used for general guidance. Wodood, like contemporary modernists, interprets similar verses as "allegorical" and does not prove the meaning of the text and believes that none of the methods of interpretation are objective. He also believes that in understanding revelation, we must pay attention to the spatial and temporal context and culture of the age of revelation and the contexts of the revelation of verses. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Recreation of Maryam’s Character in Arabic Contemporary Poetry
Ali Najafi Ivaki Nasrin Jafari Maryam Nikfakhr

Applying religious figures, especially the Qur'anic ones, is one of the hallmarks of contemporary Arabic poetry. Those poets are very much inspired by these characters to indirectly convey their desired concepts.  Maryam is one of the religious codes that More

Applying religious figures, especially the Qur'anic ones, is one of the hallmarks of contemporary Arabic poetry. Those poets are very much inspired by these characters to indirectly convey their desired concepts.  Maryam is one of the religious codes that poets have expressed their contemporary experience in symbolic ways by her aid. In the light of the importance of the issue, the present article tries to describe how this religious code is present in the poetry of five prominent contemporary Arab poets such as Mahmoud Darwish, Badr Shakir Siab , Ezza al-Din Manasra , Abdul Wahab al - Bayati and Mamdouh Adwan in a descriptive – analytical method. Research shows that these poets had a special focus on the verse " And shake towards thyself the trunk of the palm-tree: It will let fall fresh ripe dates upon thee. " and tried to emphasize patience and perseverance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - The Construction and Deconstruction of Beliefs in Sanai’s Sonnets and Investigating the Relation between them and his Mystical Orientation: Structuralist Reading
Fateme Sadat Taheri

10.30495/dk.2021.684911

This article studies sampels of deconstruction of beliefs in Sanai’s sonnets.Mysticism and Sufism due to their different attitudes toward God, the world, and human beings has manifested for the first time the deconstruction of beliefs in Persian literature and, he More

This article studies sampels of deconstruction of beliefs in Sanai’s sonnets.Mysticism and Sufism due to their different attitudes toward God, the world, and human beings has manifested for the first time the deconstruction of beliefs in Persian literature and, hence, spoke of the invalidity of common thoughts and notions. To this end, different concepts, language, and thought have deployed to offer different interpretations. Regarding Sanai’s superior position in the consistent representation of mystical themes in Persian poetry time and his pey attention to culture, the author, through a descriptive-analytical approach, seeks to answer this fundamental question: Which are the Sanai’s methods, practices and aims that he has used to deconstruction of the common beliefs of his? What is the relation between deconstruction of beliefs in Sanai’s sonnets and mystical Orientation? And how much can his sonnets be read on Structuralis readin? It can be argued that Sanai as the father of Persian mystical poetry, through reversing semantic concepts, Qalandarane consepts, contradictory expression, and adopting the language of the mad, deconstruction of beliefs to create a new impression in readers’ minds.  Sanai is due to his mystical courage, fearlessness and spirituality, which can be influenced by the devotion to the trance (Sokr) and his follow-up of the Khorasan School. The weirdness of these themes has attracted much attention and audience and Construct and Deconstruct of Beliefs that these metodes is explored by Structuralis reading in the text in Sanai’s sonnets whithout any attention to history and ordinary sciences. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - An Ontological Approach to Jacques Derrida’s Reading of Rum Surah: Benefited from Ayatollah Javdi Amuli’s Persian Exegesis
Maryam Sultanbeyad Rouhieh Naziripour Muhammad Hassan Borhanifiar

10.30495/dk.2021.1927563.2238

To present a democratic reading of The Qur’an, Derrida introduces it as a book of hospitality and unconditional forgiveness. However, he considers The Prophet (PBUH) an exemption from this rule of hospitality. His reading of The Qur’an has not yet been exami More

To present a democratic reading of The Qur’an, Derrida introduces it as a book of hospitality and unconditional forgiveness. However, he considers The Prophet (PBUH) an exemption from this rule of hospitality. His reading of The Qur’an has not yet been examined by the scholars. The aim of this study is to investigate the reason for Derrida’s reading of The Qur'an and its separation from The Prophet (PBUH). In this descriptive-analytical- comparative method, the concepts considered by Derrida in the text of The Qur'an are examined and the epistemological status of The Prophet is analyzed on the base of the text itself. In this regard, "ontological" reading of the text of The Qur'an is used, which considers the text independent of the reader and writer. This reading is comparable to Derrida’s “deconstructive” reading since deconstruction emerged from ontological approach. This approach is similar to Allameh Tabatabai’s “Quran to Qur’an” approach which is suitable for Qur’anic studies. To avoid reducing the text of The holy Qur’an to a literary text the findings of the study in compared with the learned exegesis of Ayatollah Javadi Amuli. The findings of this study demonstrates that Derrida has ignored evidences in the text contradicting his reading, and as a result he has found the actions of The Prophet (PBUH) contrary to The Qur’an. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Reading the figurative language of Mathnavi Mowlavi's "Neynameh" based on Celena Kusch's "close reading" method
Abdolhamid Amani Abbas Mohammadian Mahyar Alavi Moghaddam Ahmad Khajehim

10.30495/dk.2022.697628

The aim of this study is to read the figurative language of Mathnavi Mowlavi's "Neynameh" based on Celena Kusch's "close reading" method. An approach that in addition to interpreting linguistic details and their interrelationships also requires the analysis of othe More

The aim of this study is to read the figurative language of Mathnavi Mowlavi's "Neynameh" based on Celena Kusch's "close reading" method. An approach that in addition to interpreting linguistic details and their interrelationships also requires the analysis of other variables such as context, intertextuality, narrative and text genre. This article tries to answer these questions in a descriptive-analytical way. What is the poet's strategy in using figurative language in Mathnavi's "Neynameh"? What is the function of each figurative in achieving the goals of this text and its overall coherence? The results prove that the figures used in Neynameh fall into two general groups during a coherent process: 1) related to "Beshnow"; 2) related to "Ney"; the first group, with increasing music, urges the audience to "listen"; demonstrates the principle of unity in plurality; and the second group, manifestations of self- empty, the struggle of the soul for freedom from the cage, the virtual of our world; The being incomprehensible of love and so on. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Review on Postmodernist reading of knowledge developments with emphasis on Lyotard's view and its requirements for curriculum elements.
hadi ghaderyani irandokht fayyaz mostafa ghaderi akbar rahnama

10.30486/jsre.2022.1941712.2002

The present article aims to answer the question of what the attitude towards knowledge will entail for the elements of the curriculum and examines the evolution of science from the perspective of postmodernism with emphasis on Lyotard's perspective. Method: This study i More

The present article aims to answer the question of what the attitude towards knowledge will entail for the elements of the curriculum and examines the evolution of science from the perspective of postmodernism with emphasis on Lyotard's perspective. Method: This study is a critical discourse, a qualitative approach that was done with a systematic review method. The statistical population was all writings and articles related to postmodernism and curriculum that were selected with a purposeful Gabri sample and with Persian and English keywords from 2004 to 2018. Findings: It has been shown that according to Lyotard, he had scientific knowledge, claim to freedom, liberation and progress; In practice, however, with technological development, it distanced itself from the above ideals and neglected its literary and aesthetic aspects by reducing its various aspects to a small extent. The requirements of this view of knowledge for curriculum elements, resulting in results such as: attention to critical education and doubt in accepting educational content as non-historical, neutral, separate from value and power, attention to plurality and lack of focus in education and looking at the program A lesson is a contract between educational actors and countering the commercialization of knowledge. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Explanation Of Legitimate Marvel from Commentators' and Philosophers' Perspectives in Comparison with Muslim Mystics Readings
Ali Fathallahi

Some people show extraordinary capabilities for mercenary, and sometimes, tempting motives , some other do so by God-given talents , while the others show the same abilities using religious – law- based mortification. Men – of – insights call these human competence and More

Some people show extraordinary capabilities for mercenary, and sometimes, tempting motives , some other do so by God-given talents , while the others show the same abilities using religious – law- based mortification. Men – of – insights call these human competence and ability the “Miracles”. Miracles or extraordinary actions stand for some phenomena beyond the known general and natural system which is connected to some supernatural powers which has been acknowledged by all of religions and beliefs. Any extraordinary action, done by divine approval and permission , accompanied by challenge and claim of God Great Prophets, is called “Miracle” and what is not subject to challenge and prophecy claim and done by Imams or Saints is called “miracle performed by one other than prophet ”. But non-religious extraordinary actions performed by non-monotheist and mortification masters are known as “seeking to move by degrees”. Although recognizing the rightfulness and falsehood of these matters is not so easy , the study of revelational evidence and mystic , philosophical , and Koran-based indices of extraordinary actions or miracles is just possible by their articulation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Study of the poetic readings of Hafez poems based on the principles of hermeneutics.
Saleh Kakoee Hesam Ziaee Mehrali Yazdanpanah

Hafiz's poetry is one of the finest texts for the poetic readings; the art of satirical structures has a significant impact on the interpretation of Hafez's poetry. Hafez has influenced the Holy Quran in the syntax and artistic structure, because the meaning of the word More

Hafiz's poetry is one of the finest texts for the poetic readings; the art of satirical structures has a significant impact on the interpretation of Hafez's poetry. Hafez has influenced the Holy Quran in the syntax and artistic structure, because the meaning of the word of Hafez is tied to divine verses. Hafez's poetry language contains elegant concepts of randy with a revelatory and heavenly language, while expressing the status of a human being; it also deals with the lips of the cup and the shining of Simin Shagh, which also represents the most purely mystical experience.This research was conducted in an analytical method using all the words "bootia", "hermeneutics" and "reading".In the poetry of Hafez, which creates an amazing point and a miracle, it is normative, not normative; among the arts, satire and inspiration are of high frequency. The lack of attention of the exponents to these two arts has made some interpretations a shallow and superficial one.In addition to hermeneutic meaning, poeticism is also valuable in artistic terms, as it causes artistic expression in readers; reading readers with a rhetorical interpretation, in particular, by re-reading the text to artistic delicacies, especially the secret artifacts of Hafez. Manuscript profile

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15 - Containment Vs Dissident Reading: Female Resistance to Patriarchal Hegemony in the Folklore Kuridsh Tale of "Khaj and Siamand"
Seyed Reza Ebrahimi

Traditional societies had a patriarchal structure at the beginning of the modern era. The extent of patriarchal norms and the domination of what Michel Foucault called the "regime of truth" in the traditional epoch tried to consider women as an object and in this way to More

Traditional societies had a patriarchal structure at the beginning of the modern era. The extent of patriarchal norms and the domination of what Michel Foucault called the "regime of truth" in the traditional epoch tried to consider women as an object and in this way to keep women under men's control. Women's resistance to patriarchal hegemony and the fate of women's resistance to the domination of this ideology in literary works has become a point of confrontation between the New Historicist Stephen Greenblatt, and Cultural Materialist Alan Sinfield. The former believes that women's opposition to the dominant discourse and patriarchal ideology is ultimately digested by the dominant ideology. On the other hand, Sinfield and other cultural materialists are optimistic about the outcome of this confrontation. According to them, women's resistance to patriarchal ideology demonstrate dissidence being incorporated, necessarily, with reference to dominant structures and it can ultimately lead to the discontinuity of patriarchal hegemony. This study aims to explore the consequence of women's resistance in the folklore tale of "Khaj and Siamand" based on the New historicism and Cultural Materlism readings. The former considers that women's resistance is suppressed by the ruling hegemony while the cultural materialists assert that challenging the patriarchal hegemony yields questioning the patriarchy. Thus, woman is no longer a passive object in the hands of male-dominated ideology, but she becomes an active subject. Women can make their own identity and rule their own destiny. Manuscript profile

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16 - Intertextual relations between the anecdotes of Rumi in Masnavi in the first book with the texts of Persian poetry and prose (based on the theory of Gérard Genette)
siamak saadati

10.30495/farsij.2023.1911641.1392

Intertextuality examines the relationships between texts. Because in every text there are references to earlier works; In other words, new texts are the offspring of earlier texts. Hence, it can be said that there is no new and original text and every writer is inspired More

Intertextuality examines the relationships between texts. Because in every text there are references to earlier works; In other words, new texts are the offspring of earlier texts. Hence, it can be said that there is no new and original text and every writer is inspired to create his work from the works of his predecessors. In intertextuality, two texts are compared: a text below and a rough text. Gérard Genette has perfected the theory of intertextuality. Genette divides intertextuality into three categories, which can be examined in the form of: the explicit, implicit and implicit presence of one text in another. In this article, the author first explores the roots of Rumi's mystical anecdotes and thoughts in the first book of Masnavi in mystical, fictional, interpretive works, Poetry Courts and Persian historical books. Then he divides these anecdotes into three categories based on Genet's theory of intertextuality. At this stage, the following text of Masnavi is specified. This text below should have both chronological and historical precedence over other texts and should be most similar to Masnavi narration. This study shows that Rumi had read many Arabic historical, interpretive, fiction and mystical books before him and brought them to the margins of Masnavi. However, in all the cases studied, he has changed mystical thoughts and previous anecdotes to achieve his mystical, theological and moral goals. Manuscript profile

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17 - The Intertextual Reading of Lalehzar Context Based on Event-Space Concept for Improving Its Spatial Quality
Mohammadreza Jasbi fatemeh amirian Bahman Namvarmotlagh

The Intertextual Reading of Lalehzar Context Based on Event-Space Concept for Improving Its Spatial QualityAbstract: As valuable traditional pieces of the past, historical and cultural contexts are indispensable parts of any society, highlighting the importance of their More

The Intertextual Reading of Lalehzar Context Based on Event-Space Concept for Improving Its Spatial QualityAbstract: As valuable traditional pieces of the past, historical and cultural contexts are indispensable parts of any society, highlighting the importance of their preservation and restoration. Generally, historic sites carry the bio-codes of generations who left their distinct traces at a point in time. Without a shadow of a doubt, these unique footprints shape the cultural capital of any nation, including memories and mental images of citizens, leading to the basis of their identity. This article aimed to determine the most influential factors in improving the spatial quality of valuable urban context based on the concept of “event-space” through an intertextual reading. The selected area in this study was the Lalehzar context, one of Tehran's oldest historical and cultural streets. Reminiscing with vivid memories from the past citizens, Lalehzar street was a representation of modern life. This is why it consists of a significant number of cinemas, hotels, cafes, boutiques, and markets as modern functional representations, being an appropriate container for various social-cultural events and modern behavior. However, during the last seven decades, this area has lost its identity because of the city development and its negative consequences. Unfortunately, a large part of this historic district has been damaged due to the absence of social and cultural activities and an unfit neighborhood. Many symbolic spaces in Lalehzar have been destroyed or are on the verge of destruction. The place is now mainly used for everyday activities, entirely in contradiction with the physical body of the street in the form of electronics stores, resulting in intensified visual pollution. Given its rich history in Tehran and its exceptional location neighboring Baharestan Square and Toopkhaneh Square, Lalehzar Street has a brilliant capacity to accept new uses befitting its cultural and historical status. In doing so, the spatial quality and its improvement as an area of theoretical study in contemporary architecture were put into consideration, and the research and views of experts like Bentley, Rogers, Bell, and Golkar have been compared and analyzed. Some architects and urban designers believe that current factors are insufficient for the quality improvement of valuable contexts. Considering that the history and backgrounds of buildings are crucial in urban design and quality improvement, the intertextual approach was chosen to reinforce available potential and eliminate disharmonious parts. Intertextuality refers to the various relationships of texts, and intertextual reading allows studying different layers of a text and utilizing hermeneutics, the science of interpretation and change. Meanwhile, what is so important about this area was the events that took place here granted a lively atmosphere, almost equal to its physical representations and history that the built environment historians usually pay attention to. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to find the hidden dimensions of the effects of event space on spatial quality in Lalehzar through intertextual reading. The main research question was posed as follows: How can we determine the reliable and influential factors in spatial design quality improvement in valuable contexts through intertextual reading? In this qualitative interpretive research, the views of experts in event-space and spatial quality were first studied. To collect the data, in addition to the library resources and documentary research, interviews were conducted with the space users and audiences, whether at the buildings or in their neighborhood. To narrow down the study for accurate results, five landmark event spaces (Grand Hotel, Nasr Theater, Pars Theater, Pars Café, and Alborz Cinema) were selected through purposeful sampling, and they were studied and analyzed over two years. The data were coded via interpretive and content analysis, and eventually, SPSS and MAXQDA were used to analyze the extracting data. The former was used for quantities analysis resulting in a diagram of crucial factors for improving the quality of space based on the theorists’ writings, while the latter was used for creating some graphical coding diagrams for both the conducted research and interviews. The study’s results indicated that space perception, attachment to the natural flow of life (proportion, order, dynamicity), and spatial formation (variety and hierarchy) were the most influential factors in improving the quality of valuable contexts.Keywords: Intertextual Reading; Event-Space; Space quality enhancement; Lalezar; Valuable historical context. Manuscript profile

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18 - تاثیر آموزش تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی بر خواندن و درک مطلب زبان آموزان ایرانی
غلامرضا عباسیان نرجس ملائی

تحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی تاثیر آموزش مستقیم بعضی از تکنیک های تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی بر خواندن و درک مطلب زبان آموزان ایرانی صورت گرفته است. در این راستا تلاش شده است تا هر گونه تغییر مثبت در توانایی  زبان آموزان در درک معنای ضمنی متن خوانشی سنجیده شود. ضمنا، هرگونه More

تحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی تاثیر آموزش مستقیم بعضی از تکنیک های تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی بر خواندن و درک مطلب زبان آموزان ایرانی صورت گرفته است. در این راستا تلاش شده است تا هر گونه تغییر مثبت در توانایی  زبان آموزان در درک معنای ضمنی متن خوانشی سنجیده شود. ضمنا، هرگونه تغییردرنقطه نظرات زبان آموزان در خصوص شیوه یادگیری زبان انگلیسی پس از آموزش مهارت خوانش انتقادی از طریق تکنیک های تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی نیز مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. بدین منظور دو مقاله خبری از منابع آنلاین در نظر گرفته شد. جامعه آماری شامل 60 دانشجوی دوره کارشناسی رشته حقوق بودند که بطور تصادفی به دو گروه 30 نفره تقسیم شدند. از گروه آزمایشی خواسته شده بود درک خود را از هر متن در قالب یک مقاله بنویسند. آنها همچنین باید به پرسشنامه ای معطوف به بررسی تغییر نگرش یا انگیزه آنها نسبت به یادگیری زبان انگلیسی پاسخ می دادند. نتایج حاکی از آن بود که گروه آزمایشی پس از آموزش خواندن از طریق تکنیک های تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی بهتر از گروه کنترل شده عمل کردند. انگیزه آنها نیز نسبت به یادگیری زبان انگلیسی پس از آشنایی با حوزه تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی افزایش یافت. Manuscript profile

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19 - Urban morphology knowledge and its usage in studying the urban fabric (the case study: Historical Qazvin city)
nasim iranmananesh mohammad reza pour jafar karamatollah ziari Mohammad Reza Khatibi

Background: urban morphology has different functions in various fields such as heritage and tourism. By the aid of this knowledge there will be more accurate study in urban fabrics of cities specially in historical urban fabric of cities. So it will be better to discuss More

Background: urban morphology has different functions in various fields such as heritage and tourism. By the aid of this knowledge there will be more accurate study in urban fabrics of cities specially in historical urban fabric of cities. So it will be better to discuss about how to interrupt and improve the historical urban fabric. Objectives: surveying urban morphology knowledge and its attitudes which are three schools (British school , Italian school and French school) and integrated one which is ISUF and how to use the urban morphology knowledge for better and more systematic analysis of urban fabric specially in heritage and tourism fields to lead a better decision making to interrupt in urban fabric of cities.Method: In this research the Conzenian method have been used. This method is acceptable for most of attitudes of urban morphology. In this method the elements of the form of city are four elements: the natural context, the streets system, the plots system, the buildings system. The historical urban fabric of Qazvin city has been studied by these four elements to find the features of it.  Result: By surveying the historical urban fabric of Qazvin city according the four elements of city form it was concluded that using this way is very effective to find out the characteristics of city more clearly.Conclusion: The paper concluded that in surveying the urban morphology knowledge and choosing British method as the common method among the urban morphology schools can be an effective way for better and more clear identification of the features of urban fabric.   Manuscript profile

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20 - .Pragmatics of Theoretical Traditions in Readings of Spatial Levels, Emphasizing Components of “Everyday Life”
Mitra Habibi mojdeh jamshidi

Nowadays, to have a critical look toward spatial issues necessitates a criticism of and a transformation in our behavior (theoretical and practical) toward space. Such a stance can be used as a method to describe, interpret and criticize “everyday life” and More

Nowadays, to have a critical look toward spatial issues necessitates a criticism of and a transformation in our behavior (theoretical and practical) toward space. Such a stance can be used as a method to describe, interpret and criticize “everyday life” and identify spatial issues from the same perspective. Spatial reading first appears in theoretical traditions and components affecting it. During the last fifty years, in line with the “spatial turn” of social theories, “everyday life” has gradually penetrated spatial studies. Interpreting space as a social, multi-layered and relational affair is an assumption of such a turn. During this period, theories are considered as a component of space production in “social production of Space” theories. This encouraged us to undertake a thorough investigation of social theories and categorize them on the basis of spatial interpretation, so that we may acquire a more comprehensive view to understand, analyze the issues, and provide spatial solutions. Therefore, we first investigate the assumptions of social theories (in macro and micro levels emphasizing space, everyday life, and action) and then, based on the concept of action as an important spatial layer, we will discuss the three theories of scenario, practice and controversy. Finally, these theories are considered for their applications in spatial reading, categorization and its different dimensions. Therefore, the principals of any theory are described in a descriptive-analytical framework based on logical reasoning and by relying on library and internet resources. The results show that these theories are applicable in a level of spatial reading. Manuscript profile

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21 - .
Ali Najafi ivaki Fateme Hajighorbani

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22 - .
karam nayebpor naghmeh varghyan

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23 - .
mohsen nazari

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24 - Explaining the anthropological components of historical houses in the eighth region of Tabriz
azam masoudi gogani khosrow afzalian mohsen tabasi hadi sarvari mahdi sahragard

Introduction: The main axis of this research deals with the method of creating and developing architecture based on the qualities that respect the relationship with space and the way of human life under the influence of light and color, instead of using criteria such as More

Introduction: The main axis of this research deals with the method of creating and developing architecture based on the qualities that respect the relationship with space and the way of human life under the influence of light and color, instead of using criteria such as dimensions and size. How does natural colored light affect improving the psychological performance of housing? What are some ways to help reduce people's stress? It seems that the use of colored glass in homes can have a positive effect on people and psychology. Also, the use of colored glass in the residence can reduce stress and anxiety caused by the external environment.Research Aim: The current research aims to explain the anthropological components of historical buildings with an analytical approach in three neighborhoods of Tabriz's barou area; Maghsodieh, Sorkhab, and Sheshgolan with the valuable concepts of anthropology and psychology of light and color of the second Qajar period of Tabriz.Methodology: The present research was done with the descriptive-analytical method. The research approach is a combined approach with a sequential strategy (qualitative-quantitative). Necessary data were obtained with the researcher-made questionnaire, observation, and semi-structured interviews. The statistical population of the research was the 8th urban area of Tabriz, which had 123 residents and was questioned as a whole. Data analysis was done using the factor analysis method.Studied Areas: The geographical scope of this research is the historical houses of Tabriz city.Results: The findings indicate that the transmissive surface (72%) of the sash crown is in order from more to less with red (14%), blue (12%), green (11.5%), and yellow (4.5%) colors. %), it is covered from the top to the bottom, but the combination of red color with other colors has balanced the effects of this color to a great extent. The survey of residents and experts and the findings of the analysis of the confirmatory factor have been such that the purpose of organizing spaces such as two-door, three-door, five-door, and two-door in the Qajar houses of Tabriz as well as elements such as sashes and mirrors according to the characteristics of light and Color has been the symbolic identity of light, meaning, excitement, visual continuity, spatial diversity, landscape, etc.Conclusion: As a result, the important characteristics of light and color by the method of factor analysis in 6 readability factors with a share of 12.869, desirability 11.8, pleasantness 11.4, spirit and mood 10.7, adaptability and flexibility 9.9 and interaction 6.3 The interior spaces of historical houses were explored and presented in the form of proposed models. Manuscript profile

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25 - نقدی بر خوانشهای تاریخ گرایان و اسطوره گرایان از محور طولی روایات شاهنامه و طرح الگویی جدید، بر اساس روش توصیفی
فرزاد قائمی

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26 - تحلیل و تفسیر چهار سطح معنایی(لفظی، تمثیلی، اخلاقی و باطنی)و دو سطح خوانش در غزل‌های حافظ
Farah Niazkar Morteza Ja'fari فاطمه نیازکار

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27 - Cultural Readings of Inter-Religion Dialogue in Iran: A Qualitative Study
majid jafarian Hassan Bashir Seyedjavad miree

  Post-Revolution Iran has various experiences and lessons in different fields. One of the most important lessons learned in elite areas are talks that are not in the political arena, but in a religious approach and in organizational and academic forms with religio More

  Post-Revolution Iran has various experiences and lessons in different fields. One of the most important lessons learned in elite areas are talks that are not in the political arena, but in a religious approach and in organizational and academic forms with religious ones. This research, based on the method of thematic analysis, tries to focus on the knowledge and experience of the actors on their cultural understanding and interpretation of the intuitive dialogue and to organize it in a systematic way. To this end, field data was collected in a targeted way and in a semi-structured interview with 15 actors in the field. In the analysis of the content derived from the speeches, it was determined that, in terms of culture, “the other” is a subject and not an object and there is a kind of sympathy between me and the other. Dialogue has an identity role; its socialization is indispensable and the most important factor in strengthening social tolerance. This approach, by adopting an anthropological look in a conversation with other religious ones, puts originality to the other, and attention to dignity, equality of rights and shared values is one of the most important factors contributing to the unification between me and the other with a focus on human reliance. Manuscript profile

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28 - Parity Reading Scale Approval in Elementary School Students in Ilam City
Zeynab Mihan Doust

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze the diagnostic checklist for disintegration readings. The studied population consists of 3rd, 4th and 5th grade students of Ilam city in the academic year of 2010-2010. A sample group of 310 students (136 boys and 174 gir More

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze the diagnostic checklist for disintegration readings. The studied population consists of 3rd, 4th and 5th grade students of Ilam city in the academic year of 2010-2010. A sample group of 310 students (136 boys and 174 girls) from elementary school students in Ilam and the suburbs selected by multi-stage sampling method. The research tool is a student reading questionnaire which has 33 questions and is completed by teachers. The coefficient of validity of the test was obtained by using Cronbach's alpha of 0.93. The implementation of the analysis of the main components of the test in this study shows that the test materials are generally correlated with one factor Manuscript profile

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29 - Bipolar Readings concerning Shahnameh in expressing two entities of woman and peace
mehri behfar

In the last decades we are faced with the paradoxical readings of Shahnameh in particular concernig two aspects of woman and peace.  Regardless of the spirit of the time of composition of the work, and the exigency of the literary genre, one takes Shahnameh to the More

In the last decades we are faced with the paradoxical readings of Shahnameh in particular concernig two aspects of woman and peace.  Regardless of the spirit of the time of composition of the work, and the exigency of the literary genre, one takes Shahnameh to the extreme of the feministic approach while the other regards it as a totally anti feministic work.  Merely based on the narrator’s contemplations one regards Shahnameh as a work in protest of war whereas another relying on the fabricated evidence regards it not only in praise of warship but also regards it in favor of massacre.  The research introduces this type of criticism by giving its definition, revealing its methods, approaches and its special style, and  also provides analysis from different perspectives referring to the reason behind its appearance.  The conclusion is that although at first glance bipolar readings seem unrelated and contradictory, yet in fact they emerge from one unique circumstance, have considerable resemblances with one another, one is the consequence of the other.  By nature they are not able to converse with one another nor with the text under criticism and merely are bound within a vicious circle.  This research shows that in fact bipolar readings regarding Shahnameh run a proxy war and instead of revealing a truth from the text, implicitly represent a modern experience and a special circumstance from the contemporary Iran.  Belief in truth and functionality of tradition and its denial, wishing for Iran’s unity and its reverse, belief in the historical truth of Iran’s Unity and its opposite are some examples of the bipolar readings which has its roots in the emotional and mental behavior of a bipolar society whose history on one hand and its experience in facing the new era on the other hand has turned it into a pessopotimist or rather its pessooptimism prepared  the ground for its confrontation with the world and the text.  Finally the research explains why Shahnameh lends itself to this type of criticism and points to the meaning inherent in Shahnameh they all acknowledge, and hereby gives a new understanding of the cultural nature and the unique standpoint of Shahnameh in the Persian culture. Manuscript profile

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30 - Flight of a myth from epic to gnosis Comparison of the story of water of life by Khezr and Sekandar in two readings: Ferdowsi´s epic in Shahnameh and Attar´s mystic in ElahiNameh
Amir Hossein Mahoozi Mehri Amini Sani

Abstract   The wish for eternal and everlasting life has always existed ever since the creation of man on earth.  The significance of this issue is to such extent that in the oldest epic text in the world, Gilgamesh words have been said about his desire.  More

Abstract   The wish for eternal and everlasting life has always existed ever since the creation of man on earth.  The significance of this issue is to such extent that in the oldest epic text in the world, Gilgamesh words have been said about his desire.  The story of Sekandar and Khezr and their search for seeking the water of life has also this theme.  However in different literary texts, depending on the genre of the work this tale has had different manifestations and readings.  In this research, two readings namely epic in Shahnameh Ferdowsi and mystic in Attar´s Elahi Nameh is dealt with and their difference is enumerated. Manuscript profile

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