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Open Access Article
1 - Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis of Chaerophyllum macrospermum in spring and summer, and its relation with soil mineral elements in rangelands of Urmia Soluk waterfall in Iran
Jalil Khara Farogh Soleymani Maasomeh RabieaeThe symbiosis of plants with microorganisms and other living organisms helps maintain and sustain plant species. In this research, the effect of soil mineral elements with colonization and some soil characteristics on the population of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spor MoreThe symbiosis of plants with microorganisms and other living organisms helps maintain and sustain plant species. In this research, the effect of soil mineral elements with colonization and some soil characteristics on the population of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores in rhizosphere of Chaerophyllum macrospermum in spring and summer season in rangelands of Urmia Soluk waterfall in 2018 was done. The statistical results show that season and station have a significant effect on the amount of AMF spores in the local rhizosphere of the plant. The percentage of mycorrhizal colonization in summer was higher (172.26%) than spring. Also, the number of spores in the soil, the percentage of symbiosis (as root length colonization) and seasonal factor had a significant effect on the essential oil yield of the plant and the highest yield of essential oil was observed in summer. By decreasing the amount of phosphorus in the rhizospheric soil, the colonization percentage was increased. The proper indigenous type of mycorrhiza helps to absorb water, nutrients, potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen of the plant, which has resulted in increased plant life and growth under severe environmental conditions. Considering the importance of mycorrhizal symbiosis and its interaction with soil mineral elements, this information can be effective in the development of cultivation of medicinal plant Chaerophyllum macrospermum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Evaluation of the Effect of Foliar Application of Iron, Potassium and Zinc Nanochelate on the Enzymatic Activity and Nutritional Value of Some Leafy Vegetables
E. Danaee V. AbdossiIntroduction: Vegetables are known as a low-energy food source, rich in essentials and beneficial compounds for the body and might be regarded as an excellent nutritional supplement. The aim of this study is to evaluate some of the compounds present in some leafy vegeta MoreIntroduction: Vegetables are known as a low-energy food source, rich in essentials and beneficial compounds for the body and might be regarded as an excellent nutritional supplement. The aim of this study is to evaluate some of the compounds present in some leafy vegetables under treatment with nano-chelates. Materials and Methods: This research was carried out in a completely randomized design with 7 treatments including two levels of iron, potassium and zinc nano-chelates (3 and 6 mg / l) in triplicate order. After about 4 weeks from sown of seeds, foliar application of iron, potassium and zinc nano-chelates was performed every two days for one week. A blank was carried out along with the experimental work. Characteristics such as total leaf chlorophyll, ascorbic acids, protein, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities, iron, potassium and zinc contents in leaves, were evaluated. Results: The highest total chlorophyll and ascorbic acid contents were determined in the treatment concerned with iron nano-chelate (6 mg /l) in savory and parsley. The highest protein and superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities and iron were obtained in treatment concerned with iron nano-chelate (6 mg /l) in fenugreek and the highest potassium content in treatment concerned with potassium nano-chelate (6 mg /l) was observed in fenugreek and the highest zinc in treatment concerned with zinc nano-chelate (6 mg /l) was determined in basil. There were not significant differences between the treatments at 1% level. Conclusion: All the treatments applied caused improved characteristics as compared to the blank. The best improved characteristics were obtained at the concentration of 6 mg / l of nano iron chelate, nano potassium chelate and zinc chelate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Study of Mercury Bio-availability in Sediments of Petrochemical and Ja'fari, Bandar Imam Creeks
sedigheh aghabacki aloghareh sedigheh battaleblooie hakemeh amanipoor kamran gerayeshBackground and Objective: Due to high mobility and toxicity of mercury in environment and also high accumulation of mercury in food chain, it is important to understand and predict human exposure and ecological risk assessment of mercury. The purpose of this study was t MoreBackground and Objective: Due to high mobility and toxicity of mercury in environment and also high accumulation of mercury in food chain, it is important to understand and predict human exposure and ecological risk assessment of mercury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the total concentration of mercury and its bio-availability in sediment of Petrochemical and Ja'fari creeks. Method: In the present study, 27 sediment samples were collected from the sampling sites. Digestion was employed in sample digestion followed by analysis using MOOPAM. Samples were analyzed and determined for mercury concentrations by Mercury Analyzer model VM-3000 MERCURY VAPOR MONITOR. Sediments were further investigated for mercury fractions using a three step sequential extraction procedure of BCR. Results: The concentrations of THg in sediment samples with a minimum of 2.19 and maximum of 45.71 and average of 23.9 milligram per liter show that area is contaminated with mercury according to the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration standard. Discussion and Conclusion: The sequential extraction procedure showed that most Hg in the sediments was largely bound in exchangeable phases. Therefore it can't be exchanged between water and sediment under the physicochemical conditions with alkaline pH. The mercury which bound to exchangeable phase can easily desorb and adsorb by sediments. High content of mercury was in station close to chloral alkaline factory and with distance, Hg concentration was decreased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The study of mercury bioavailability in sediments of petrochemical and Jafari, Bandar Imam Creeks
Sedigheh Aghabaki Alooghareh sedigheh battaleblooie Hakimeh Amanipoor Kamran GerayeshBackground and Objective: Due to high mobility and toxicity of mercury in environment and also high accumulation of mercury in food chain, it is important to understand and predict human exposure and ecological risk assessment of mercury. The purpose of this study MoreBackground and Objective: Due to high mobility and toxicity of mercury in environment and also high accumulation of mercury in food chain, it is important to understand and predict human exposure and ecological risk assessment of mercury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the total concentration of mercury and it's bioavailabilty in sediment of Petrochemical and Ja'fari creeks. Method: In the present study, 27 sediment samples were collected from the sampling sites. Digestion was employed in sample digestion followed by analysis using MOOPAM. samples were analyzed and determined for mercury concentrations by Mercury Analyzer model VM-3000 MERCURY VAPOR MONITOR. Sediments were further investigated for mercury fractions using a three step sequential extraction procedure of BCR. Findings: The concentrations of THg in sediment samples with a minimum of 2.19 and maximum of 45.71 and average of 23.9 milligram per liter show that area is contaminated with mercury according to the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration standard. Discussion and Conclusion: The sequential extraction procedure showed that most Hg in the sediments was largely bound un exchanable phases. Therefore it can not be exchanged between water and sediment under the physicochemical conditions with alkaline pH. The mercury which bound to exchanagble phase can easily desorb and adsorb by sediments. High content of mercury was in station close to chloralkaline factory and with distance, Hg concentration was decreased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - اثر سربرداری بر ویژگیهای جعفری آفریقایی (Tagetes erecta) تحت تیمار اسیدجیبرلیک
مژگان شهدنژاد محمدعلی بهمنیار وحید اکبرپور فهیمه صالحی علی صالحی ساردویی -
Open Access Article
6 - کاربرد کود نانوکلات روی، بر برخی صفات مورفولوژیک گل جعفری آفریقایی (T. erecta)
الهام مطلبی محمد حسین ربیعی -
Open Access Article
7 - تاثیر نانوکلات پتاسیم و نانوکلات روی بر برخی ویژگی های مورفولوژیک گل جعفری در خاک شور
الهام مطلبی محمد حسین ربیعی -
Open Access Article
8 - اثر محلولپاشی نانوکلات پتاسیم، سلنیوم و کلسیم بر خصوصیات کمی، کیفی، رشد و گلدهی جعفری آفریقایی (Tagetes erecta)
ناصر علیپور الهام دانائی -
Open Access Article
9 - Fantasy elements and Their functions in the Long Fairytale of Bustan-e- Khayal (Moeznameh)
Ahmad Rezvaan Doust Amir Banoo Karimi Firukuhi Alireza SalehiFantasy is a new topic in literature that is rooted in myths and fairy tales. Folk tales are the range of presence of imaginary elements. Fantasy is the most mysterious and horrifying kind of story that, by breaking the barrier of the mind, creates a world full of wonde MoreFantasy is a new topic in literature that is rooted in myths and fairy tales. Folk tales are the range of presence of imaginary elements. Fantasy is the most mysterious and horrifying kind of story that, by breaking the barrier of the mind, creates a world full of wonderful events and supernatural beings parallel or tied to the real world. The folk tale of Bustan-e- Khayal is full of these elements and imaginative scenes. the author creates a mythical world to situate the protagonist protagonist in the ear of fourth caliph of the Fatimids, and a world full of imaginary places and fantasy elements. This article uses descriptive-analytical and semiotic methods of fantasy stories to extract fantasy and imaginative elements and tricks of the story such as imaginary places and characters, magic and spells, the function of supernatural elements on the ideal action of the protagonist and The fantastic atmosphere illuminates this legend.The finding of this study showed that: this story is sometimes pure or surreal fantasy and sometimes verisimilar fantasy. The author sometimes invites supernatural elements to the real world of his story and sometimes invents imaginary place and time for the story and new events. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Contact toxicity of three plant essential oils on adult insects of Sithophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Yasamin Motamedi Majid Fallahzadeh Vahid RoshanRecently, there has been growing interest in research concerning the possible use of plant extracts as alternatives to synthetic insecticides. Essential oils are among the best-known substances tested against insects. These compounds may act as fumigants, contact insect MoreRecently, there has been growing interest in research concerning the possible use of plant extracts as alternatives to synthetic insecticides. Essential oils are among the best-known substances tested against insects. These compounds may act as fumigants, contact insecticides, repllants, antifeedants and may affect growth and development of the insect. In an attempt to find a natural and inexpensive method for the control of stored-product pests, contact toxicity of essential oils of Mentha longifolia L., Tagetes minuta L. and Salvia macrosiphon Boiss. was investigated on adult insects of Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) on laboratory condition. The oils were extracted by using Clevenger apparatus. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design of factorial experiment with five concentrations and three replications at R.H in darkness. The results showed that the percentage of mortality was increased with increase in concentration and exposure of time. The highest contact toxicity was related to M. longifolia and the lowest toxicity was recorded for S. macrosiphon against insects. At the highest concentration of essential oils (35 µl/ml) by M. longifolia,T. minuta and S. macrosiphon the mortality were recorded as 93.3%,83.3% and 70% against S. oryzae after 48h, respectively. The LC50 values were evaluated by M. longifolia, T. minuta and S. macrosiphon 18.892, 21.003 and 24.482 for S. oryzae after 48h .According to the results, the essential oils of M. longifolia,T. minuta and S. macrosiphon are sources of biologically active vapor that can be used in protection of stored grains against rice weevil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The effect of contact and respiratory repellency of four medicinal plant extract and powders on adults and last instar larvae of Plodia interpunctella (Hübner).
M. Bakhtiari Z. Rafiei Karahroudi E. SanatgarThe indian meal moth is one of the most important pest of stored product. In this study‚ the repellency effect of the alcoholic and hexanic plant extract and powder of four medicinal plants , lavandula angstifolia, artemistia dracunculus, anethum graveolens, and p MoreThe indian meal moth is one of the most important pest of stored product. In this study‚ the repellency effect of the alcoholic and hexanic plant extract and powder of four medicinal plants , lavandula angstifolia, artemistia dracunculus, anethum graveolens, and petroselimun sativum have been studied on adults and last instar larvae of this pest. To prepare the extracts, plants were powdered, then dissolved in solvent and filtered after 24 houres. These crude plant extracts have been used in experiments. In contact repellency experiment, the 9 cm whatman filter paper divided into two parts from the middle. Half of it was weted with definite plant extract dose and another half was weted with solvent. after they dried, 20 last instar larvae released from centes each petri dish. then the repellency effect of plant extracts was measured after 24 hours. The results showed all plant extracts except hexanic extract of L. angstifolia, had the contact repellency effect on adult insect. The Y-shaped olfactometer has been used for dtermining fumigant repellency effect of the plant extracts. The repellency effect of treatment were measured on the last instar larvae and adults. In most cases the plant extracts showed a significant repellency effect at1% level on larveae and adults. But the repellency effect of the powders on adults was less than plant extracts, and had attractive effect on, the Indian meal larvae. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Fumigant toxicity of essential oils extracted from three plant species against Sithophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Y. Motamedi M. Fallahzadeh V. RoshanOver the past few decades, many investigations have been conducted on different plant products in order to obtain safer and more effective alternatives rather than chemical insecticides for controlling store-product insects. For this purpose, in search of alternatives a MoreOver the past few decades, many investigations have been conducted on different plant products in order to obtain safer and more effective alternatives rather than chemical insecticides for controlling store-product insects. For this purpose, in search of alternatives agents for conventional pesticides, the fumigant activity of essential oils from Mentha longifolia L., Tagetes minuta L. and Salvia macrosiphon Boiss. were tested against adult insects of Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on laboratory condition. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design of factorial experiment with five concentrations and three replications at 25±10C, 60±5% R.H in darkness. The results showed that the percentage of mortality was increased with increase in concentration and exposure period. The highest fumigant toxicity was related to M. longifolia and the lowest toxicity was recorded for S. macrosiphon against insects. At the highest concentration of essential oils (25μl/L of air) by M. longifolia, T. minuta and S. macrosiphon the mortality were recorded as 80%, 73.3% and 66.6% after 12h and 96.6%, 86.6% and 73.3% after 24h against S. oryzae, respectively. The LC50 values were evaluated by M. longifoli, T. minuta and S. macrosiphon 8.166, 11.488 and 14.161 μl/L of air after 12h and 5.898, 7.814 and 11.068 μl/L of air after 24h for S. oryzae. According to the results, the essential oils of M. longifolia, T. minuta and S. macrosiphon are source of biologically active vapor that can be used in protection of stored grains against rice weevil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Bleeding Wisdom tooth following snakebite: a case report
خدیجه saravaniAbstractParsley snake (Echis carinatus) venom is a complex mixture of toxins. This venom contains metalloproteinases which convert prothrombin to meizothrombin. The prothrombin activator leads to the formation of small blood clots inside the blood vessels throughout the MoreAbstractParsley snake (Echis carinatus) venom is a complex mixture of toxins. This venom contains metalloproteinases which convert prothrombin to meizothrombin. The prothrombin activator leads to the formation of small blood clots inside the blood vessels throughout the body. The case of a 24-year-old man living in the of Zabol city (Sistan and Baluchistan province) who was bitten by a snake on the right ankle (inner malleolus). This patient was brought to the emergency room at 24 o'clock with bleeding only from the decayed upper right wisdom tooth. patient immediately received 6 vials of anti-venom, but still the bleeding does not stop. Urgent CBCdiff, PT, PTT, INR tests were requested. The initial test was normal. 6 hours later, the test shows that the platelet level has decreased (from 200.000 to 120.000). Hydrocortisone ampoule 200μm, 6 more vials of anti-venom are received and finally the bleeding stopped and the platelets also increased (170.000). At the time of discharge, tetanus and tetabulin ampoules were injected. The snakebite treatment protocol should be done cautiously and carefully, because any negligence may lead to dangerous complications for the patient. Public education provided by health centers is essential to prevent snakebite. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Chemical composition of dill(Anethum graveolens L.) and parsley( Petroselinum sativum L.) essential oil in different culture media
Mehrnaz Mahmoudi Zarandi Samiyeh SistaniThe emphasis of the World Health Organization on the gradual replacement of natural materials instead of chemicals has caused different countries of the world to invest, and, plan mass production of medicinal plants at the industrial levels and use them in the pharmaceu MoreThe emphasis of the World Health Organization on the gradual replacement of natural materials instead of chemicals has caused different countries of the world to invest, and, plan mass production of medicinal plants at the industrial levels and use them in the pharmaceutical, food and, health industries. Although the production of secondary metabolites depends on genetic factors, it is significantly influenced by environmental factors. The effects of different growth conditions (field and greenhouse) on the quantity and quality of essential oil of dill( Anethum graveolens L.) and parsley( Petroselinum sativum L.) were studied. Field cultivation was done on agricultural land in the Kerman Baqerabad region. In the greenhouse cultivation, germinated seeds were planted in pots with loamy soil( 2/3) and vermicompost (1/3) and, cocopeat and perlite. Rorison solution was used for feeding plants in pots. Plants were harvested after 3 months. Essential oils of 100 grams of dried herbs were isolated by water distillation using Clevenger apparatus. Essential oil analysis was done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/ MS). According to the results obtained from the compounds identified in the essential oil of dill, the highest amounts of components were alpha-phellandrene (54.5%), phytol (18.65%) and apiol (49.2%) in the field, loamy-vermicompost and cocopeat-perlite media respectively. In parsley essential oil, myristicin was the highest in all three culture media. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Comparative Analysis of Cultural and Psychological Content of Feminine Emotions in the Poetry of Najme Zare, Roza Jamali, Maryam Jafari with the Poetry of Ghada Al-Saman
Fatemeh Taghinezhad Seyyed Mohtasham Mohammadi Ali Mohammad MahmoudiThe research was aimed to compare cultural and psychological feminine emotions content of Najme Zare, Maryam Jafari and Roza Jamali with Ghada Al-Samman poetries. The research universe included all the poems of Najme Zare, Maryam Jafari, Roza Jamali and Ghada Al-S MoreThe research was aimed to compare cultural and psychological feminine emotions content of Najme Zare, Maryam Jafari and Roza Jamali with Ghada Al-Samman poetries. The research universe included all the poems of Najme Zare, Maryam Jafari, Roza Jamali and Ghada Al-Samman. The sample encompassed the poems related to cultural and psychological feminine emotions content of the poets. The method was descriptive-analytical. To collect data library method via note taking was processed. The results showed that one of the important themes was the discussion of cultural and psychological content and their signs, which each female poet had a different and sometimes common understanding according to the mentality and culture of their society. Another important and common subject in the poems of these poets was romantic language and female lyrics. Each poet had her own romantic language, which in some cases were similar and sometimes different from Ghada al-Samman. The all-embracing emotional theme of Najme Zare's poem was sadness and separation from the beloved. Maryam Jafari's romantic and social odes was more special in terms of female's discourse and language. Roza Jamali's poems were based on female imagination and showed most of the female romantic themes in the form of symbols, and her poems used more emotional and feminine words compared to other two Iranian poets. In the case of Ghada Al-Samman, there was a combination of the mentioned cases of these three Iranian poets in her feminine romantic language; It means that it was both a poet complaining about the separation of a lover and a defense of women's rights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - اثر سوپر جاذب بر کاهش اثر تنش خشکی بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی گل جعفری (Tagetes marigold)
صفورا دهباشی علیرضا لادن مقدم علی غفوریان -
Open Access Article
17 - Local- native signs in Turkish poems of Hooshang Jafari
Razieh Aghazade leyla adlparvarOne of the approaches for analyzing literary texts is semiotics. Persian literary texts can be investigated from different aspects of semiotics such as; aesthetics, intertextual relations, indigenous-local forms and signs. Poets and authors are influenced by their envir MoreOne of the approaches for analyzing literary texts is semiotics. Persian literary texts can be investigated from different aspects of semiotics such as; aesthetics, intertextual relations, indigenous-local forms and signs. Poets and authors are influenced by their environment and the signs of this vulnerability are reflected in the works. Houshang Jafari is one of the Azeri poets in Zanjan city, describing the local elements. The effect of these features in the mind and language reflected with indigenous-local signs. Due to the wide range of semiotics, our goal in this research is to analyse the signs of the author of the work, signs of nature and indigenous environmental and social and cultural signs in Turkish poetry of Houshang Jafari. It is assumed that the poet has gained the content of his poems from native-local character.The results of the research indicate that poems of Houshang Jafari are: a treasure of local elements in the form of native manners, nature, beliefs, customs and traditions, proverbs and irony. In this article, a descriptive-analytical method is used to analyse the indigenous-local signs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - بررسی غلظت فلزات سنگین سرب، نیکل، آرسنیک و کادمیوم در خاک، سبزیجات جعفری و شوید پایین دست رودخانه کارون
میثم قنواتی مریم محمدی روزبهانی خوشناز پاینده -
Open Access Article
19 - Evaluation of the antioxidant and antibacterial effects of Apium petroseli-num essential oil on food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria
Reza Sharafati Chaleshtori Mahmoud Rafieian-kopaei Ali Sharafati Chaleshtori Elham SalehiIn this study, the total phenols and antioxidant activities of Apium petroselinum essential oil (APEO) were determined and its antibacterial effects on seven food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria studied in vitro. Having extracted the essential oil, the total pheno MoreIn this study, the total phenols and antioxidant activities of Apium petroselinum essential oil (APEO) were determined and its antibacterial effects on seven food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria studied in vitro. Having extracted the essential oil, the total phenols were determined colorimetrically and the antioxidant activities evaluated by bleaching of β-Carotene. Its antibacterial effects in the form of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by Micro Dilution method against Alcaligenes faecalis, Providensia rettgeri, Serratia marcesens, Klebsiella oxitoka, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae and Listeria monocytogenes. The results revealed that the amount of total phenols was 8.18±0.45 mg/g equivalent with Gallic acid and the antioxidant activities were 45±1.52 %. In addition, the APEO had antimicrobial effects on the above bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was between 1.562 and 12.5 and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was between 3.125 and 25 mg/ml. Therefore, APEO, because of having phenolic contents, enjoys antioxidant activities and antibacterial effects recommending as a suitable preservative in food industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Evaluation of the antioxidant and antibacterial effects of Apium petroselinum essential oil on food spoilage and pathogenic
Reza Sharafati Chaleshtori Mahmoud Rafieian Kopaei Ali Sharafati Chaleshtori Elham Salehi Abstract In this study, the total phenols and antioxidant activities of Apium petroselinum essential oil (APEO) were determined and it's antibacterial effects on seven food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria was in vitro studied. Having extracted the essential oil More Abstract In this study, the total phenols and antioxidant activities of Apium petroselinum essential oil (APEO) were determined and it's antibacterial effects on seven food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria was in vitro studied. Having extracted the essential oil, the total phenols were determined colorimetrically and the antioxidant activities evaluated by bleaching of β-Carotene. Its antibacterial effects in the form of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by Micro Dilution method against Alcaligenes faecalis, Providensia rettgeri, Serratia marcesens, Klebsiella oxitoka, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae and Listeria monocytogenes. The results revealed that the amount of total phenols was 8.18±0.45 mg/g equivalent with Gallic acid and the antioxidant activities were 45±1.52 %. In addition, the APEO had antimicrobial effects on the above bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was between 1.562 and 12.5 and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was between 3.125 and 25 mg/ml. Therefore, APEO, because of having phenolic contents, enjoys antioxidant activities and antibacterial effects recommending as a suitable preservative in food industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - اثرات رنگدانههای استخراج شده از گل جعفری بر کیفیت تخم مرغ و پایداری اکسیداتیو زرده تخم مرغ در مرغان تخمگذار تجاری
م. رضایی س. زکیزاده ن. ایلاهدف از این تحقیق بررسی اثرات استفاده از رنگدانههای استخراج شده از گل جعفری در مقایسه با رنگدانههای سینتتیک بر عملکرد تولیدی مرغان تخمگذار و کیفیت و خواص آنتیاکسیدانی تخم مرغ آنها بود. تعداد 64 قطعه مرغ تخمگذار در سن 75 هفتگی به صورت تصادفی به 4 گروه آزمایشی شامل: (1 Moreهدف از این تحقیق بررسی اثرات استفاده از رنگدانههای استخراج شده از گل جعفری در مقایسه با رنگدانههای سینتتیک بر عملکرد تولیدی مرغان تخمگذار و کیفیت و خواص آنتیاکسیدانی تخم مرغ آنها بود. تعداد 64 قطعه مرغ تخمگذار در سن 75 هفتگی به صورت تصادفی به 4 گروه آزمایشی شامل: (1) کنترل، جیره پایه بدون رنگدانه، (2) جیره پایه + 25 ppm رنگدانه سینتتیک تجاری، (3) جیره پایه + 20 ppm کل کارتنوئیدهای استخراج شده از گل جعفری و (4) جیره پایه + 40 ppm کل کارتنوئیدهای استخراج شده از گل جعفری، در 16 قفس مجزا با ابعاد استاندارد تقسیم شدند. در طول 8 هفته دوره آزمایشی صفات عملکردی، کیفیت تخم مرغ، شاخص رنگ زرده و پایداری اکسیداتیو لیپیدهای زرده در مرغان اندازهگیری و به روش طرح کاملاً تصادفی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که تولید و کیفیت تخم مرغ تفاوت معنیداری بین گروههای آزمایشی نسبت به گروه شاهد (بدون مصرف رنگدانه) نداشت ولی شاخص رنگ زرده در مرغانی که از رنگدانه طبیعی یا سینتتیک مصرف کرده بودند به صورت معنیداری بیشتر از گروه شاهد بود (01/0>P). ثبات اکسیداتیو لیپیدهای زرده در مرغان تغذیه شده با رنگدانه جعفری بعد از 3 هفته به صورت معنیداری بهبود یافت (05/0>P). در مجموع استفاده از گل جعفری به عنوان رنگدانه و یا به عنوان آنتیاکسیدان در جیره مرغان تخمگذار باید ارزیابی اقتصادی شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - مطالعه مقایسه ای بین واریته های مختلف گل جعفری برای عادت رشد و کیفیت گلدهی در شرایط لاهور
Malik Mehmood Ghazal Rahim Abdul Wahidهشت واریته گل جعفری (’ناری‘ (نارنجی)، ’بیندی‘ (نارنجی)، ’بالی‘ (نارنجی)، ’لیتل داک‘ (نارنجی)، ’بالی‘ (زرد)، ’بالی‘ (طلایی)، ’لیتل داک‘ (زرد) و ’ایگل‘ (زرد)) در یک مزرعه رو با Moreهشت واریته گل جعفری (’ناری‘ (نارنجی)، ’بیندی‘ (نارنجی)، ’بالی‘ (نارنجی)، ’لیتل داک‘ (نارنجی)، ’بالی‘ (زرد)، ’بالی‘ (طلایی)، ’لیتل داک‘ (زرد) و ’ایگل‘ (زرد)) در یک مزرعه رو باز در مرکز پرورشی تخصصی گل و فضای سبز در لاهور پاکستان در سال­های 2019-2018 از نظر عادت رشد و کیفیت گلدهی با هم مقایسه شدند. در بین واریته­ها، تفاوت­های معنی­داری از نظر عادت رشد و گلدهی ثبت شد. حداکثر درصد جوانه­زنی (5/94 درصد) در واریته ’بیندی‘ (نارنجی) و سپس ’لیتل داک‘ (زرد) با 75/82 درصد مشاهده شد. واریته­های ’بالی‘ (نارنجی) و ’بیندی‘ کمترین تعداد روز تا اول گل آغازی (به­ترتیب 75/21 روز و 24 روز) را نشان دادند. نتایج نشان داد که پارامترهای رشد مثل ارتفاع گیاه (675/11 سانتی­متر)، تعداد جوانه (825/22)، تعداد شاخه جانبی (6/34)، قطر گل (9/7 سانتی­متر)، طول ریشه (9/14 سانتی­متر) و تعداد ریشه (575/30) در واریته ’بیندی‘ در حداکثر بودند. این در حالی است که واریته ’ناری‘ (نارنجی) بیشترین تعداد گل (65/6) را داشت. بنابراین ما می­توانیم واریته ’بیندی‘ را واریته برتر از نظر رشد و گلدهی در شرایط لاهور معرفی کنیم. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - بررسی رشد گل جعفری در روش های مختلف کوددهی با کودهای کامل با نسبتهای مختلف NPK
Mitradat Ahmadi Ali Mohammadi Torkashvand Raheleh Ebrahimi تغذیه یک رکن اساسی در رشد و پرورش گیاهان است. شیوه کوددهی و حاصلخیز نمودن خاک و بسترهای کشت، نقش مهمی در تولید کمی و کیفی محصولات زراعی و باغی دارد. این تحقیق با هدف تهیه چند فرمول کودی و چند روش کوددهی بر رشد گیاه محک (گل جعفری) طراحی و اجرا شد. چهار نوع فرمول کو More تغذیه یک رکن اساسی در رشد و پرورش گیاهان است. شیوه کوددهی و حاصلخیز نمودن خاک و بسترهای کشت، نقش مهمی در تولید کمی و کیفی محصولات زراعی و باغی دارد. این تحقیق با هدف تهیه چند فرمول کودی و چند روش کوددهی بر رشد گیاه محک (گل جعفری) طراحی و اجرا شد. چهار نوع فرمول کودی با نسبت­های مختلف N، P و K و مقادیر ثابت ریزمغذی­ها به­عنوان کودهای مایع کامل در آزمایشگاه علوم خاک مجتمع آزمایشگاهی شیخ بهایی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران تهیه شدند. در یک طرح کاملا تصادفی، اثر 13 تیمار مختلف کودی به همراه یک تیمار شاهد شامل استفاده از کودهای مختلف در زمان­های مختلف رشد رویشی و زایشی و هر تیمار در چهار تکرار بر رشد گل جعفری مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. شاخص­های رشد رویشی گیاه شامل ارتفاع نهایی گیاه، تعداد گل و شاخه­های جانبی، وزن تر و خشک ریشه، گل و اندام هوایی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج کلی نشان داد که روش­های مختلف کوددهی و فرمول­های متفاوت کودی بر رشد گیاه، اثر مثبت در مقایسه با شاهد داشت. تغییرات رشد گیاه در مقایسه با شاهد و در روش­ها و فرمول­های کودی معنی­دار بود. بهترین اثر بر رشد گیاه در تیمار شماره 6 دیده شد و این تیمار برای رشد گل جعفری توصیه می­شود. در این تیمار، در هفته چهارم از کاشت نشاء از فرمول اول شامل نسبت پایه نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم، 15-10-15 و در هفته­های پنجم و ششم از فرمول دوم شامل نسبت پایه نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم، 15-20-30، استفاده شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The effect of parsley (Petroselinum sativum) on growth factors of Rainbow trout (Oncorynchus mykiss)
A. Zeinanloo Z. Khoshkhoo A. Vosoughi E. ZeinanlooThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of parsley (Petroselinum sativum)on growth factors of Rainbow trout. Therefore, from August to October 2014 6,000 Rainbow trout fish of 100 grams of weight in 3 treatments and 1 control group with 3 replications were fed. &n MoreThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of parsley (Petroselinum sativum)on growth factors of Rainbow trout. Therefore, from August to October 2014 6,000 Rainbow trout fish of 100 grams of weight in 3 treatments and 1 control group with 3 replications were fed. Diets consisted of 3 levels of parsley powder at 1%, 3% and 5%, respectively. In general, the highest weight was found in the last day of treatment number 3 samples with an average weight of 269 ± 24 g and the lowest on the first day of the control samples with an average weight of 146 ± 29 g The greatest increase in length was noticed in the treatment number 3 samples with an average length of 24/95 ± 2/12 cm and the least growth in length was observed in the samples from treatment number 1 with an average length of 23/4 ± 1/941 cm. One-way ANOVA test with Tukey HSD test showed strong significant difference among different treatments for weight gain and growth in length (P <0/05). Pearson correlation test showed a strong linear relationship between the increase in weight and length with the increase in the concentration of the parsley powder the whole period (P <0/05). Dried parsley (Petroselinum sativum) used in the study, showed significantly strong ability to influence growth performance and be used as feed for Rainbow trout. Therefore, we can probably say that dried parsley can be a good supplement to fish diet. Finally, it was diagnosed that parsley powder at 5.0 percent in the diet, is the optimum dosage for use in feed for trout in the long term. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Evaluation the Antifungal Activity and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils of Petroselinum crispum, Acimum basilicum, Anethum graveolens, Mentha viridis on Aspergillus parasiticus
Fatemeh Noorbakhsh Sassan Rezaie Marjan ArabBackground and objective: In this study, the antifungal effects of the extracted oil of Petroselinum crispum, Acimum basilicum, Anethum graveolens, Mentha viridis on Aspergilus parasiticus ATCC 15517 was evaluated. Also, the chemical compositions of the vegetables were MoreBackground and objective: In this study, the antifungal effects of the extracted oil of Petroselinum crispum, Acimum basilicum, Anethum graveolens, Mentha viridis on Aspergilus parasiticus ATCC 15517 was evaluated. Also, the chemical compositions of the vegetables were determined. Materials and methods: The essential oils were obtained using hydrodestillation of dried plant material. Their compositions and Minimum inhibitory concenteration (MIC) were determined by GC-MS and serial dilution method, respectively. Results: The main component of the essential oils was detected as follow: Mentha viridis: Benzen bromophenoxy-methyl dimethyl, Acimum basilicum: Ethyldecaborane, Anethum graveolens:Decarbadecaborane- dimethyl and Petroselinum crispum: Methyl anthracene. Minimum Inhibitory concenteration of the essential oils determined by serial dilution method. MIC for Mentha viridis, Anethum graveolens, Acimum basilicum, Petroselinum crispum were 1.5,1.5,3 and 4 µl/ml, respectively. The antifungal power of assayed essential oils was different, depending on their concentration. This effect in Mentha viridis and Anethum graveolens was identical and stronger than two others. Conclusion: These results indicate that the mentioned essential oils had great antifungal activities and could be used as preservatives and fungicides in food in order to preventing of food pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on some morphological and physiological traits of Petroselinum crispum
lamia Vojodi MehrabaniIn order to study the effects of different levels (control, 5 and 10 ton/ha) of organic fertilizers vermicompost and poultrary mannur and different levels of chemical fertilizer (KNO3 and CaNO3) (0, 50 and 100 kg/ha) on nitrate accumulation and some growth and physiolog MoreIn order to study the effects of different levels (control, 5 and 10 ton/ha) of organic fertilizers vermicompost and poultrary mannur and different levels of chemical fertilizer (KNO3 and CaNO3) (0, 50 and 100 kg/ha) on nitrate accumulation and some growth and physiological characteristics of Petroselinum crispum, an experiment was conducted as Factorial based on Completely Randomized Block Design with three replication. The results showed that total nitrogen content in plant was influenced by interaction effects of experimental treatments and the highest amounts of nitrogen contents were recorded at vermicompost10 ton/ha × KNO3 100kg/ha and poultrary mannur10 ton/ha × KNO3 100kg/ha. Different levels of chemical and organic fertilizer had positive effects on total chlorophyll content, ascorbic acid and flavonoid content. The highest amounts of aerial part dry weights were recorded at 5 and 10 ton/ha of vermicompost fertilizer. Poultrary mannur 5 and 10 ton/ha were increased total soluble solid, phenolic and nitrate content in plants compared to control treatment. Also the highest amounts of total soluble solid content and nitrate content were recorded at KNO3 50 and 100kg/ha. 50 and 100 kg/ha KNO3 and CaNO3 was increased total phenolic content in plant. Organic fertilizers had positive effects on K and Ca content. KNO3 100kg/ha improved K content and CaNO3 50 and 100kg/ha increased Ca content in plant. Dueto the positive effects of organic fertilizers in vegetable growth and less harmful environmental effects, it seems that integrated use of organicand chemical fertilizers had positive effects on sustainable and healthy vegetable production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Deleterious Effects of Echis carinatus Venom on Liver and Lung Tissues of a Bird Species
احمد قارزی آمنه نظری محسن عباسیSaw-Scaled viper (Echis carinatus) is one of the most dangerous and poisonous snakes found in Iran and is responsible to many cases of envenomations resulted to the death in the world. The present study was conducted to study the effects of the venom of this snake on bi MoreSaw-Scaled viper (Echis carinatus) is one of the most dangerous and poisonous snakes found in Iran and is responsible to many cases of envenomations resulted to the death in the world. The present study was conducted to study the effects of the venom of this snake on birds. To perform this task, 4 individuals of the viper were collected from their natural habitat and kept alive within a televarium. For experimental animals we selected 16 birds (8 males and 8 females) of Melopsittacus undulatus. The birds were released one by one into televarium and bitten by the snakes. The snake-bitten birds were then scrutinized in terms of behavioral reactions and histological changes occurred in their lung and liver. The venom of Echis carinatus was found to cause pain, edema, severe hemorrhage and dissociation of cells tissue. Both local and systemic effects of this snake venom have been associated with the action of a variety of venom components which include metalloproteinases and ecarin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Effect of osmopriming and drought stress on seed germination of Tagetes erecta
محمد رفیعی الحسینی سمیه اسماعیلیIn order to evaluate the seed germination indices of Tagetes) Tagetes erecta (under smopriming and drought stress treatments, an experiment was conducted as factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the agronomy laboratory, faculty of ag MoreIn order to evaluate the seed germination indices of Tagetes) Tagetes erecta (under smopriming and drought stress treatments, an experiment was conducted as factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the agronomy laboratory, faculty of agriculture, Shahrekord University. For this purpose, drought stress in levels of 0, -4, -8 and -12 bar and priming of seeds in levels of 0, -2, -4, -6 and -8 bar were applied using PEG6000. In this experiment, characteristics of germination percentage, germination rate, seed vigor index and mean germination time were evaluated. The results showed that by increasing drought stress from 0 to -4 bar, germination percentage, germination rate and seed vigor index significantly decreased while mean germination time increased and reached to 0 at the potentials of -8 and -12 bar. The maximum germination rate was observed at -2 bar priming whereas the increasing percentage was 24.91 compared to control. Also, it was found that by increasing drought stress, at the level of -4 bar, the maximum germination percentage, germination rate and seed vigor index obtained and the minimum of mean germination time was at -2 bar priming. In general, the osmopriming was able to increase the tolerance of Tagetes seeds against drought stress during germination and improve the properties of Tagetes seed germination. Manuscript profile
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