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Open Access Article
1 - تعیین ارزش تشخیصی آمیلوئید A و هاپتوگلوبین سرم وشیر در ورم پستان تحت بالینی گاو
آمنه خوشوقتی شهاب الدین صافی سید رضا جعفرزاده ایرج سهرابی حقدوست -
Open Access Article
2 - ارزیابی مقادیر سرمی هاپتوگلوبین و آمیلوئید A سرمی در اسبهای مبتلا به پیروپلاسموزیس
, M Lameei , A Hassanpourپیروپلاسموزیس یک بیماری تک‌یاخته‌ای است که قابلیت ایجاد التهاب حاد در اسب را دارد. این بیماری توسط کنه‌ها منتقل شده و انتشار جهانی دارد. اندازه‌گیری پروتئین‌های فاز حاد التهابی در تشخیص التهاب حاصل از بیماری حائز اهمیت می‌باشد. این مطالعه به منظور بررسی سطوح سرمی آمیلوئ Moreپیروپلاسموزیس یک بیماری تک‌یاخته‌ای است که قابلیت ایجاد التهاب حاد در اسب را دارد. این بیماری توسط کنه‌ها منتقل شده و انتشار جهانی دارد. اندازه‌گیری پروتئین‌های فاز حاد التهابی در تشخیص التهاب حاصل از بیماری حائز اهمیت می‌باشد. این مطالعه به منظور بررسی سطوح سرمی آمیلوئید A و هاپتوگلوبین در اسبهای مبتلا به پیروپلاسموزیس و مقایسه آن با اسبهای سالم انجام گرفت. 19 راس اسب مبتلا به پیروپلاسموزیس (12 راس نر و 7راس ماده) در اسب‌داری‌های اطراف تبریز و اردبیل در فصل تابستان شناسایی شد. از دام‌ها بعد از اخذ تاریخچه، نمونه خون از ورید وداج اخذ و سرم جداسازی شد. همچنین از 18 راس اسب سالم (نمونه خون منفی) نیز با شرایط سنی و تغذیه‌ای و مدیریتی یکسان به عنوان گروه سالم نمونه‌برداری شدند. در هر نمونه خونی تهیه شده پس از جداسازی سرم مقادیر آمیلوئید A و هاپتوگلوبین سرم به روش ایمونواسی و کیت اختصاصی هر یک اندازه‌گیری شد. میانگین سطح سرمی آمیلوئید A در اسب‌های‌مبتلا به پیروپلاسموزیس بطور غیر‌معنی‌داری بیشتر از اسبهای سالم بود (164/0 p=). میانگین هاپتوگلوبین سرم در گروه بیمار افزایش معنی‌داری نشان داد (014/0 p=). در گروه بیمار جنس و سن تاثیر معنی‌داری در تغییرات سطوح سرمی این دو پارامتر نداشت. نتیجه نهایی اینکه در بیماری پیروپلاسموزیس در اسب مقادیر سرمی آمیلوئید A و هاپتوگلوبین افزایش می‌یابد و اندازه‌گیری آن در تشخیص و تفسیر روند التهابی این بیماری مفید خواهد بود.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Study of the effect of nerolidol on Alzheimer's disease in Wistar rats
پیمان Taheri پریچهره Yaghmaei زهرا Hajebrahimi کاظم ParivarAlzheimer's disease is the most important cause of dementia in human societies and the elderly population. One of the most important symptoms of this disease is amyloid plaques in the hippocampus. Inflammation and oxidative stress play an important role in the developme MoreAlzheimer's disease is the most important cause of dementia in human societies and the elderly population. One of the most important symptoms of this disease is amyloid plaques in the hippocampus. Inflammation and oxidative stress play an important role in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Nerolidol is one of the many metabolites of plants and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nerolidol on beta amyloid-induced model of Alzheimer's in rats. 48 male Wistar rats randomly divided into 8 groups including control, sham, streptozotocin induced model of Alzheimer's, Alzheimer's and drug solvent, Alzheimer's and treatment with donepezil, Alzheimer's and treatment with nrolidol dose 50, Alzheimer's and treatment with nrolidol dose 100 and protection groups (pre-treatment with nerolidol before Alzheimer's induction). Rats weight, catalase activity, and amount of amyloid plaque were measured. Histological studies were performed by fluorescent staining. Streptozotocin increased amyloid plaques, and decreased rat's weight and catalase activity. Donepezil and nerolidol, especially at doses of 100 and in the protective group, reduced the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease through weight gain, increased catalase activity, and decreased amyloid plaques. These findings show that nerolidol can be effective in improving Alzheimer's disease and its damage, and may possibly be effective in preventing Alzheimer's in people with a family history of Alzheimer's. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - مطالعه مقایسه ای پتانسیل آمیلوئیدوژنیک در ماده نیترات نقره و فروندز آجونت با کازئین بدون ویتامین بر الگوی فضایی - زمانی آمیلوئیدوزیس تجربی در موش
کیوان جمشیدی سوگند مشفقی پژمان مرتضوی احمدرضا دانشور محمد عابدی -
Open Access Article
5 - The effect of running on a Complex wheel running on beta-amyloid, blood neprilysin, hepatic expression of LRP1 and PPARγ in Alzheimer's model rats.
Nadia Tajevanchi rasoul asadi hashemkandi رقیه پوزش فرزاد زهساز Karim azaliBackground & Aim: Exercise and physical activity can play an effective role in delaying Alzheimer's. Multiple molecular mechanisms are activated by different physical activities that reduce dementia indices. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of run MoreBackground & Aim: Exercise and physical activity can play an effective role in delaying Alzheimer's. Multiple molecular mechanisms are activated by different physical activities that reduce dementia indices. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of running on a Complex wheel running on beta-amyloid, blood neprilysin, and liver expression of LRP1 and PPARγ in Alzheimer's disease model rats. Materials & Methods: 24 rats were randomly selected and divided into three groups: healthy control, Alzheimer's control group, and Alzheimer's + complex spinning wheel training group. The training group performed 12 weeks of training and the control group was kept in a cage for 12 weeks and did not participate in any training. The rats were trained on a Complex wheel running for 12 weeks, and at the end of the 12th week, the rats were diagnosed with Alzheimer's and shuttle box tests were used to ensure the induction of Alzheimer's disease. In this research, in order to investigate liver changes, the mentioned variables were investigated by ELISA method. In order to analyze the data, one-way analysis of variance test was used. Results: The results showed that there is no significant difference between beta-amyloid and liver LRP1 expression of Alzheimer's control group rats and beta-amyloid and liver LRP1 expression of rats in the Complex wheel running training group. However, there is a significant difference between blood neprilysin of PPARγ rats in the control Alzheimer's group and neprilysin blood and PPARγ of rats in the complex wheel training group. Conclusion: Using physical activity can improve blood neprilysin and PPARγ in rats, but the improvement of beta-amyloid and liver LRP1 expression requires more research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Phytochemical evaluation and antioxidant and inhibitory effects of Citrullus colocynthis L. extract on the production of amyloid nano–biofibrils from bovine serum albumin as a model protein
Hourieh Mansouri amir arasteh Ramazan Ali Khavari-NejadColocynth with the scientific name of Citrullus colocynthis L. is one of the plants that it's anti–oxidant and anti–diabetic effects has been shown in previous research. In this study, in addition to the phytochemical study of hydro–alcoholic extract o MoreColocynth with the scientific name of Citrullus colocynthis L. is one of the plants that it's anti–oxidant and anti–diabetic effects has been shown in previous research. In this study, in addition to the phytochemical study of hydro–alcoholic extract of Colocynth, its anti–oxidant and inhibitory effects on the production of amyloid nanobiofibrils from bovine serum albumin as a model protein have been investigated. The fruit of the plant was collected from the desert areas around Qom in the fall of 2017, dried and then extracted by maaceration method. Analysis of secondary compounds of the extract was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the amount of its most important compounds including citrulline and citronellol was obtained by HPLC. The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated using DPPH method and then the amyloid fibrils were prepared in the test tube at high temperature and low pH and electron microscope imaging was used to confirm the presence of the fibrils. Congored spectroscopy was used to investigate the inhibitory effects on the production of amyloid fibrils. The results showed that methyl beta-galactopyranoside and beta-diglucopyranoside with 29.51% and 6.31% respectively, were the most abundant chemical compounds and tetradcanoic acid with 16.31% and then octa and hexadecanoic acid with respectively 14.11% and 10.94% were the most compounds found in the extract. The levels of citrulline and citronellol in the extract were 0.0041 and 0.013 mg, respectively. The highest anti–oxidant activity was in the concentration of 10 mg/ml of the extract with 71.5% and the highest inhibition of production of amyloid fibers in the concentration of 1 mg/ml and 99% were seen. Colocynth extract with the presence of potent anti–oxidant compounds and its inhibitory effects on the production of amyloid fibrils, will be very useful in preventing and reducing the incidence of Alzheimer's disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Phytochemical, antibacterial and anti-Alzheimer's evaluation of turmeric medicinal plant extract (Curcuma longa) by inhibiting the production of amyloid nanobiofibrils
zahra Sayadi Ghasabeh amir arastehTurmeric, scientifically known as Curcuma longa L., belongs to the zingiberaceae family. Due to the need to find new antimicrobial drugs, in this study the phytochemical evaluation, antibacterial and inhibitory effects of turmeric extract were investigated on the produc MoreTurmeric, scientifically known as Curcuma longa L., belongs to the zingiberaceae family. Due to the need to find new antimicrobial drugs, in this study the phytochemical evaluation, antibacterial and inhibitory effects of turmeric extract were investigated on the production of amyloid nanobiofibrils. Dry and abraded skin of the plant was prepared from India in autumn 2016 and then extracted by maceration method. Analysis of secondary compounds of the extract was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The anti-microbial effect of aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extract of turmeric was investigated by the agar well diffusion method, MIC and MBC on two Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Anti-Alzheimer's effects of Hydro-alcoholic extract on the production of amyloid fibrils were studied by spectrophotometry. The results showed that Turmerone and Zingiburn were the most abundant compounds in hydro-alcoholic extract with 21.26% and 11.65%, respectively. The diameter of the non-growth halo in the hydro-alcoholic extract was 12 for Escherichia coli and 13 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and in the case of aqueous extract, no growth halo was created. The MIC was reported in hydro-alcoholic extracts for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at 26 and 53, respectively and in the aqueous extract for both bacteria at 123 mg/ml. MBC levels were also reported in the presence of hydro-alcoholic extracts for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at 53 and 106, respectively and for aqueous extract for both bacteria at 247 mg/ml. Increasing the concentration of Hydro-alcoholic extract reduced the production of amyloid fibrils by up to 40 % of the initial amount and this decrease was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Hydro-alcoholic extract of turmeric with antimicrobial and reducing effects on the production of amyloid fibrils, can be used as one of the useful drugs to reduce the complications of Alzheimer's disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Study the total microbial load, coliform, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and mold and yeast and Amyloid A concentration in bulk milk samples of animal farms of Tehran province
Mohammadreza Taghdiri Guiti Karim Shahabeddin Safi Abbas Rahimi Foroushani Abbasali MotalebiEvaluation of the microbial quality of raw milk is very important due to the increasing consumption of milk and the possibility of its converting into dairy products. The study of microbial load of raw milk and the evaluation of acute phase proteins can provide accurate MoreEvaluation of the microbial quality of raw milk is very important due to the increasing consumption of milk and the possibility of its converting into dairy products. The study of microbial load of raw milk and the evaluation of acute phase proteins can provide accurate information on the hygienic conditions and quality of raw milk. The present study was done to evaluate the microbial load and amyloid A measurement in bulk milk samples of animal farms of Tehran province. At first, 90 raw milk samples were collected and transferred to the laboratory. Somatic cell count of milk samples was done by electronic fluorescence. Then, total microbial, coliform, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and mold and yeast counts were done. Amyloid A concentration in raw milk samples was determined using ELISA method. Mean count of total microbes, coliform, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and mold and yeast were 15×105, 12×104, 29×103, 14×103 and 18×105 CFU/ml, respectively. Total microbial count in 72.23% of tested samples were higher than limit standard. Mean of somatic cell count was 3×105 cells in milliliter milk which were higher than limit standard in 61.11% of milk samples. Mean and standard deviation of amyloid A in milk samples was 551.83 ±47.96 ng/ml milk. The results of the present study show the relative quality of milk samples of animal farms of Tehran province. High number of somatic cells and also the concentration of amyloid A in raw milk samples indicate the possibility of occurrence of subclinical mastitis in the target cows. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - A study on the inhibitory effects of taxifolin on amyloid fibrillation of hen egg white lysozyme
Mohsen Mahdavimehr Ali Akbar Meratan Ali Asghar Bagheri Fariba KhosravinejadAmong therapeutic approaches for amyloid-related diseases, attention has recently turned to the use of natural products as effective anti-aggregation compounds. Although a wealth of in vitro and in vivo evidence indicates some common inhibitory activity of these compoun MoreAmong therapeutic approaches for amyloid-related diseases, attention has recently turned to the use of natural products as effective anti-aggregation compounds. Although a wealth of in vitro and in vivo evidence indicates some common inhibitory activity of these compounds, they don’t generally suggest the same mechanism of action. In the present study, using a range of techniques including Thioflavin T and Nile red fluorescence assays, Congo red absorbance measurements, and atomic force microscopy the ability of taxifolin on the inhibition of HEWL amyloid fibrillation was investigated. Obtained results demonstrated that taxifolin exerts its inhibitory effect by binding to HEWL prefibrillar species. Furthermore, it’s binding results in diverting the amyloid pathway toward formation of very large globular, chain-like aggregates with low β-sheet content and reduced solvent-exposed hydrophobic patches. ThT fluorescence measurements show that the binding capacity of taxifolin is significantly reduced, upon generation of large protofibrillar aggregates at the end of growth phase. We believe these results may help design promising inhibitors of protein aggregation for amyloid-related diseases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - A Study on the Inhibitory Effects of Silymarin on Amyloid Fibrillation of Hen Egg White Lysozyme
Mohsen Mahdavimehr Ali Akbar MeratanAn increasing number of studies have demonstrated that polyphenols, compounds frequently occurring in many herbs with antioxidant properties, prevent amyloid fibril formation. However, the mechanisms by which these natural molecules modulate the protein aggregation proc MoreAn increasing number of studies have demonstrated that polyphenols, compounds frequently occurring in many herbs with antioxidant properties, prevent amyloid fibril formation. However, the mechanisms by which these natural molecules modulate the protein aggregation process are poorly understood. Silybum Marianum is one of the medicinal plants with a wide range of health benefits. Silymarin, extract of the seeds of Silybum Marianum, contains a mixture of flavonolignans and a flavonoid. In the present study, using a range of techniques including Thioflavin T and Nile red fluorescence assays, Congo red binding assay, Circular Dichroism spectroscopy, and Atomic Force Microscopy the efficacy of Silymarin on the inhibition of Hen Egg White Lysozyme (HEWL) fibril formation was investigated. Obtained results demonstrated that Silymarin effectively inhibits fibrillogenesis of HEWL in a concentration-dependent manner. AFM images indicated typical fibrillation in the control solutions, while in samples incubated in the presence of Silymarin extensive inhibition of HEWL fibrillation and amorphous aggregates formation was observed. Based on obtained results, we suggest that preventing of hydrophobic interactions between HEWL amyloidogenic prefibrillar species is the mechanism by which Silymarin inhibits amyloid fibril formation by HEWL. However, additional studies are needed to elucidate the detailed mechanisms involved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The Effects of Geraniol and Exercise on Memory and Learning in Male NMRI Alzheimer’s Rats
Bahareh Seifi Nahavandi Parichehr Yaghmaee Shahin Ahmadian Maryam Ghobeh Azadeh Ebrahim-HabibiAlzheimer’s disease is one of the most important neurodegenerative diseases occurring after the production of free radicals and inflammatory factors. Geraniol, which is a natural monoterpene, contains antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this stud MoreAlzheimer’s disease is one of the most important neurodegenerative diseases occurring after the production of free radicals and inflammatory factors. Geraniol, which is a natural monoterpene, contains antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Geraniol and exercise on memory and learning, SOD activity and MDA serum level, neurogenesis and amyloid plaque count in Alzheimer’s Wistar rats. To create the Alzheimer's disease model, Aβ 1-42 was injected bilaterally into the hippocampus of male rats. Grouping included control (-), control (+), exercise, Alzheimer, Alzheimer + exercise, Alzheimer + Geraniol, and Alzheimer + Geraniol + exercise. The results showed that SOD activity and MDA serum level were significantly increased in the Alzheimer + Geraniol, Alzheimer + exercise, and Alzheimer + Geraniol + exercise groups compared to other groups (P<0.001). In addition, shuttle box behavioral test demonstrated that the entry time to the dark box was notably increased in Alzheimer + Geraniol and Alzheimer + Geraniol + exercise groups compared to Alzheimer and Alzheimer + exercise groups (P<0.001). Moreover, neurogenesis was remarkably increased in Alzheimer + Geraniol and Alzheimer + Geraniol + exercise groups compared to Alzheimer and Alzheimer + exercise groups (P<0.001). Besides, the number of amyloid plaques was decreased Alzheimer + Geraniol and Alzheimer + Geraniol + exercise groups compared to other groups (P<0.001). Based on the results of this study, it seems that this compound along with exercise is notably capable of improving complications in memory, SOD activity, MDA serum level, and neurogenesis as well as amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Investigating The Effects of Trans-chalcone on Insulin Amyloid Fibrillation
Maria Omidi Shahsavandi Parichehr Yaghmaee Shahin Ahmadian Azadeh Ebrahim-HabibiAmyloid fibrils are string-like aggregates that form due to the disruption of natural structure and misfolding of various types of peptides and proteins. These amyloid aggregates are associated with some neurodegenerative and systemic diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parki MoreAmyloid fibrils are string-like aggregates that form due to the disruption of natural structure and misfolding of various types of peptides and proteins. These amyloid aggregates are associated with some neurodegenerative and systemic diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of Trans-chalcone on insulin fibrillation (as a model protein). In this study, insulin was incubated for 24 hours in the presence and absence of Trans-chalcone under amyloid formation conditions. The formed fibrils were analyzed using various techniques including Congo red absorption spectral changes by spectroscopy, electron microscopy images by TEM, and fluorescent staining of amyloid aggregates by fluorescent microscopy. Then, possible interactions between Trans-chalcone and insulin were analyzed using molecular docking method by AutoDock software. The results showed a significant reduction in amyloid fibril formation in the additive-containing sample compared to the control sample. This study provides evidence that Trans-chalcone has an inhibitory effect on insulin fibrillation and could be a potential therapeutic agent for amyloid-related diseases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The Comparison Study of TNF-α Level in Serum and Brain Tissue in Wistar Alzheimer's Rats Treated with Probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacter Strains
Bahareh Jamalzadeh Posht Mesari Maryam Ghobeh Parichehr Yaghmaee Hanieh JafaryAlzheimer's disease is a type of brain dysfunction that gradually weakens the patient's mental abilities. Numerous studies have shown that inflammatory mechanisms also play a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In this regard, targeting TNF-α usin MoreAlzheimer's disease is a type of brain dysfunction that gradually weakens the patient's mental abilities. Numerous studies have shown that inflammatory mechanisms also play a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In this regard, targeting TNF-α using its inhibitors can be an effective therapeutic strategy in controlling and treating such diseases. The purpose of this study was a comparison study of TNF-α levels in blood serum and brain tissue in Wistar Alzheimer ҆s rats treated with probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacter strains by ELISA. The number of amyloid plaques was also counted. For this purpose, 30 adults male Wistar rats were randomly distributed to 5 groups as follows (n = 6): The control group included animals receiving normal water; the Alzheimer's group who underwent surgery and became Alzheimer 's-induced by injection of beta-amyloid; Sham group who underwent surgery and was injected with water (beta-amyloid solvent); two experimental groups who underwent Alzheimer's surgery with beta-amyloid injection and each group received probiotic strains Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Bifidobacterium longum separately at a dose of 2.5 × 109 CFU at 0.5 CC by gavage for one month. The results demonstrated that both strains, especially Bifidobacterium longum, were able to significantly (p < 0.001) reduce the amount of TNF-α in brain tissue and blood serum compared to the Alzheimer's group. Also, both strains, especially strain Bifidobacterium longum, showed notable capability of inhibiting amyloid plaques. Therefore, it seems that two probiotic strains Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Bifidobacterium longum can be good candidates to reduce the level of TNF-α in both blood serum and brain tissue and also the number of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's-induced rats. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The Effect of Aerobic Training before and after Induction of Alzheimer's Disease on Memory and Learning of Amyloid Beta-Infected Alzheimer's Disease Rats
Farahnaz Amir Shaghaghi Zahra Izanloo Malihe NaeimikiaAlzheimer's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that leads to loss of nerve cells and impaired memory and learning. This study aims at investigating the effect of an aerobic exercise course before and after Alzheimer's disease induction on memory and learning MoreAlzheimer's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that leads to loss of nerve cells and impaired memory and learning. This study aims at investigating the effect of an aerobic exercise course before and after Alzheimer's disease induction on memory and learning of amyloid beta-infected Alzheimer's disease rats. Sixty Wistar rats with a mean weight of 195±17.20 g were obtained from the Pasteur Institute of Iran in the pre-Alzheimer's disease induction stage. After two weeks, the rats were randomly divided into two equal groups of control (30 heads) and experiment (30 heads). After four weeks of training, the rats in each group were divided into three subgroups: 1. Amyloid beta injection 2. Placebo injection 3. No injection. The rats in the Alzheimer's disease groups got Alzheimer's disease by injecting Aβ1-42 into the hippocampus. The aerobic exercise protocol was five days a week for four weeks. 24 hours after the last training session, rats' memory and learning were assessed by using the Morris water maze test. Data was analyzed by one-way and two-way ANOVA. Significance between variables was considered at the level of P ≤ 0.05.The results of studying the learning and memory in different groups revealed that exercise groups showed better results than other groups in both Alzheimer's disease rats and healthy rats after a training period before and after Alzheimer's disease induction (P ≤ 0.05). Many studies have shown that physical activity and exercise may improve cognitive function and delay the onset of AD and other diseases associated with dementia. These results are supported by several studies that have shown that physical activity reduces the levels of AD-related factors. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Investigating the Effect of Local Probiotics Strains on β-Amyloid Brain Biomarker in Induced Alzheimer’s-Disease Wistar Rats
Ehsan Asghari Jafari Maryam Ghobeh Hanieh Jafary Parichehr YaghmaeeOne of the most important causes of global population decline is the overgrowth of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease characterized by the extracellular accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques in the hippocampus. Probiotics are microscopic MoreOne of the most important causes of global population decline is the overgrowth of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease characterized by the extracellular accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques in the hippocampus. Probiotics are microscopic organisms that are important for maintaining and improving human health. This study aims at assessing the effect of two probiotic strains, including Bifidobacterium longum and Limosilactobacillus reuteri on Aβ42 gene expression, the count of amyloid plaques, and neurogenesis in the brain of Alzheimer's disease rat models. First, two probiotic strains were isolated, purified and identified from traditional yogurt, and the rats were grouped as follows: thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. The control group underwent any surgery with no special treatment. The other groups underwent surgery and after being injected by Aβ42, they were divided into the sham group receiving water (probiotics solvent) and the two experimental groups receiving 2.5 x 109 CFU of Bifidobacterium longum and Limosilactobacillus reuteri strains. Finally, Aβ42 gene expression, the count of amyloid plaques, and neurogenesis were assessed in the brain of Alzheimer's disease rat models. In the brain of induced Alzheimer’s disease rats, neuron death occurred and the number of amyloid plaques increased significantly (p<0.001). Also, Aβ42 gene expression was increased in their brains. Meanwhile, treatment with both probiotic strains notably improved all of these symptoms. Therefore, the use of both Bifidobacterium longum and Limosilactobacillus reuteri probiotic strains seem to be effective in the recovery and treatment of Alzheimer's disease which certainly requires more investigations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The Effect of Bornyl Acetate on Male Alzheimer's Disease Wistar Rats and In Vitro Amyloid Fibrils and Investigating the Immobility Stress
Hamid-Reza Alipour Parichehreh Yaghmaei Shahin Ahmadian Maryam Ghobeh Azadeh Ebrahim-HabibiAlzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that results in neuronal death and memory loss as it progresses. Following the progression of this disease, the production of free radicals and inflammatory factors occurs and it is now increasingly widespread, especia MoreAlzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that results in neuronal death and memory loss as it progresses. Following the progression of this disease, the production of free radicals and inflammatory factors occurs and it is now increasingly widespread, especially among the elderly. Studies show that Bornyl acetate, as a monoterpene, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, the present study aims at assessing the effects of Bornyl acetate on AD male Wistar rats. Aβ1-42 was injected into the hippocampus of male rats bilaterally to create the Alzheimer's model. The therapeutic as well as the preventive effects of Bornyl acetate at a dosage (50, 20 mg/kg) were also investigated. Moreover, biochemical enzymes, SOD and MDA, shuttle box behavioral test, histological studies and hematoxylin & eosin and thioflavin-S staining were used to evaluate neurogenesis and amyloid plaques and the effects of short-term restraint stress on AD rats as well as the effects of the compound in vitro. Biochemical factors, histological images and behavioral test of the AD group were significantly different from the control groups and AD group showed a significant decline in learning and memory indices compared with the control group. Also, receiving a Bornyl acetate caused a significant increase in neurogenesis and a significant decrease in plaque density as well as significant changes in biochemical indices and behavioral tests. In addition, Bornyl acetate + restraint stress (R) group elevated learning speed and improved memory compared with the AD group. Notably, the above combination reduced amyloid fibrils in vitro. It seems that this compound can improve memory disorders and complications according to the results of the present study and previous reports suggest the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Bornyl acetate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The Effect of Cineole on Biochemical, Behavioral and Histological Parameters in Alzheimer’s Male Wistar Rat Model
Elnaz Khameneh Parichehreh Yaghmaei Maryam GhobehThe Alzheimer’s disease is one of the neurodegenerative diseases affecting many individuals around the world with no definitive cure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cineole, as a natural antioxidant, on the behavioral, biochemical, and hist MoreThe Alzheimer’s disease is one of the neurodegenerative diseases affecting many individuals around the world with no definitive cure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cineole, as a natural antioxidant, on the behavioral, biochemical, and histological symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease in Wistar rats. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to six groups. The control group underwent any surgery with no special treatment. The other groups underwent surgery and were assigned to four beta-amyloid groups: one group receiving PBS (beta-amyloid solvent); the sham group was treated with tween 80 (cineole solvent) and the two experimental groups were treated with cineole at 0.02 and 0.04 mg/kg doses. The control group, the Alzheimer’s group and the PBS group did not receive any treatments. Finally, behavioral (Shuttle box), biochemical (malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase, TNF-α) and histological parameters (H&E and Thioflavine S staining) were investigated. In Alzheimer’s-induced rats, the time it took for the rats to go to the dark part of the shuttle box was significantly (p < 0.001) shorter than that of the control group. The levels of malondialdehyde and TNF-α in these rats were significantly increased and the level of superoxide dismutase was significantly decreased compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Furthermore, histological studies showed that in Alzheimer’s-induced rats, neuronal cell death occurred extensively in the hippocampus and amyloid plaques increased. Treatment of rats with cineole improved all of the investigated parameters significantly in a dose-dependent manner. Cineole may be used as a suitable natural antioxidant to treat Alzheimer’s disease and reduce its symptoms, requiring further research. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Determination of the diagnostic value of serum amyloid A, haptoglobin and some hematologic parameters in assessment of horse health
S.M Mortazavi SH Safi S.H Shirazi Beheshtiha وحید Rabani Acute phase proteins (APPs) are a class of serum proteins whose their concentration increase remarkably in response to infection,inflammation,trauma,neoplasia and etc.haptoglobin(HPt) and serum Amyloid (SAA) are to major APPs in horse.since,in farms, differentia More Acute phase proteins (APPs) are a class of serum proteins whose their concentration increase remarkably in response to infection,inflammation,trauma,neoplasia and etc.haptoglobin(HPt) and serum Amyloid (SAA) are to major APPs in horse.since,in farms, differentiation between healthy and sick horse is so important,the persent study was designed to determine the diagnostic value of APPs as sensitive biomarkers,and compare it with hematologic parameters for differentiation of healthy and sick horses in farm.according to the results of the present study, increase in the median of HPt and SAA was significant.with regard to the ROC curve,cutoff point of HPt and SAA was 0.829 and 0.6 ng/dl respectively and sensitivity and specificity in their cut off point was 86%, 87% for HPt and 84% , 73% for SAA. in addition, clinical accuracy of HPt and SAA,base of area under the curve,was 0907, 0.891 respectively. in other hand, significant difference between the clinical accuracy of HPt and SAA has not be seen.results of the present study show that HPt and SAA measurement can be used as a screening test to determine health status in horse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Determination of diagnostic value of milk Amyloid A as a new biomarker of bulk milk quality
M.R. Taghdiri, گیتی Karim, شهاب الدین Safi A. Rahimi Froushani, A.A MotalebiSomatic cell count (SCC) has been considered as the golden standard method to evaluate raw bulk milk quality forseveral decades. Nevertheless, SCC is neither sensitive nor specifc enough to evaluate raw bulk milk. Much efforthas been performed to substitute new markers MoreSomatic cell count (SCC) has been considered as the golden standard method to evaluate raw bulk milk quality forseveral decades. Nevertheless, SCC is neither sensitive nor specifc enough to evaluate raw bulk milk. Much efforthas been performed to substitute new markers in this regard. Acute phase proteins (APPs) as part of inflammatoryresponse received too much attention as new diagnostic markers in veterinary medicine as well as subclinicalmastitis in dairy cattle. Since subclinical mastitis cause unfavorable changes in milk composition, APPs wouldbe a potential biomarkers to predict milk quality. The objectives of this study were to determine the diagnosticvalue of Milk Amyloid A(MAA) for evaluating raw bulk milk quality delivered to dairy industry and to establishcut off points to detect early changes in bulk tank milk quality. The study performed on 30 random selected dairyfarms delivering their bulk milk to Pegah dairy industries at Tehran province. Three milk samples collected at3 different times to measure MAA, SCC, total protein, casein, total fat and lactose level using commerciallyavailable methods. Diagnostic sensitivity and specifcity and cutoff points for each test were determined usingreceiver-operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. MAA was the most accurate test with a diagnostic sensitivityof 96% and specifcity of 60% at cutoff point of 55.64ng/mL based on a SCC of 200 × 1000 cells/mL of bulkmilk. The study showed that determination of MAA can be used as a potential biomarker to discriminate earlyunfavorable compositional change in bulk milk quality based on SCC higher than 200 × 1000 cells/mL of bulkmilk. A signifcant relationship found between MAA and bulk milk protein quality traits(P<0.05). Manuscript profile
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