Phytochemical, antibacterial and anti-Alzheimer's evaluation of turmeric medicinal plant extract (Curcuma longa) by inhibiting the production of amyloid nanobiofibrils

Subject Areas : Medicinal Plants

zahra  Sayadi Ghasabeh ¹ (Department of biology, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran)
amir  arasteh ² (Department of biology, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran)

Received: 2020-07-04 Accepted : 2021-05-29 Published : 2021-05-22

Keywords: Alzheimer, Turmeric, amyloid, Curcuma longa L, turmerone, zingiberene,

Abstract :

Turmeric, scientifically known as Curcuma longa L., belongs to the zingiberaceae family. Due to the need to find new antimicrobial drugs, in this study the phytochemical evaluation, antibacterial and inhibitory effects of turmeric extract were investigated on the production of amyloid nanobiofibrils. Dry and abraded skin of the plant was prepared from India in autumn 2016 and then extracted by maceration method. Analysis of secondary compounds of the extract was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The anti-microbial effect of aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extract of turmeric was investigated by the agar well diffusion method, MIC and MBC on two Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Anti-Alzheimer's effects of Hydro-alcoholic extract on the production of amyloid fibrils were studied by spectrophotometry. The results showed that Turmerone and Zingiburn were the most abundant compounds in hydro-alcoholic extract with 21.26% and 11.65%, respectively. The diameter of the non-growth halo in the hydro-alcoholic extract was 12 for Escherichia coli and 13 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and in the case of aqueous extract, no growth halo was created. The MIC was reported in hydro-alcoholic extracts for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at 26 and 53, respectively and in the aqueous extract for both bacteria at 123 mg/ml. MBC levels were also reported in the presence of hydro-alcoholic extracts for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at 53 and 106, respectively and for aqueous extract for both bacteria at 247 mg/ml. Increasing the concentration of Hydro-alcoholic extract reduced the production of amyloid fibrils by up to 40 % of the initial amount and this decrease was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Hydro-alcoholic extract of turmeric with antimicrobial and reducing effects on the production of amyloid fibrils, can be used as one of the useful drugs to reduce the complications of Alzheimer's disease.

References:

1. Ackers, L., et al., 2020. Anti-microbial resistance in global perspective, Springer Nature.


2. Adamczak, A., et al., 2020. "Curcumin, a natural antimicrobial agent with Strain-Specific activity." Pharmaceuticals, 13(7): 153.


3. Altunatmaz, S.S., et al., 2016. Antimicrobial effects of curcumin against L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, S. typhimurium and E. coli O157: H7 pathogens in minced meat." Veterinárnı Medicına, 61(5): 256-262.


4. Arasteh, A., et al., 2012. "Response surface methodology for optimizing the bovine serum albumin fibrillation." The protein Journal. 31(6): 457-465.


5. Ayala, S., et al., 2019. "(Bio) chemical strategies to modulate amyloid-β self-sssembly." ACS chemical neuroscience. 10(8): 3366-3374.


6. Balouiri, M., et al., 2016. "Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review." Journal of pharmaceutical analysis. 6(2): 71-79.


7. Bryce, A., et al., 2016. "Global prevalence of antibiotic resistance in paediatric urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli and association with routine use of antibiotics in primary care: systematic review and meta-analysis." Bmj 352: i939.


8. Camilo, C.J., et al., 2020. "Chemical composition and in vitro biological activities of the essential oils of the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale roscoe and Curcuma longa L.(Zingiberaceae) / Composição química e atividades biológicas in vitro dos óleos essenciais dos rizomas de Zingiber officinale Roscoe e Curcuma longa L.(Zingiberaceae)." Brazilian Journal of Development. 6(4): 17766-17772.


9. Fitzpatrick, A.W., et al., 2017. "Cryo-EM structures of tau filaments from Alzheimer’s disease." Nature. 547(7662): 185-190.


10. Giacomeli, R., et al., 2019. "Neuroprotective effects of curcumin lipid-core nanocapsules in a model Alzheimer’s disease induced by β-amyloid 1-42 peptide in aged female mice." Brain research 1721: 146325.


11. Grover, H., et al., 2015. "Curcumin: A medicinal plant and its effects in medicine and dentistry." International Journal of Contemporary Dental & Medical Reviews 2015.


12. Guimarães, A. F., et al., 2020. "Essential oil of Curcuma longa L. rhizomes chemical composition, yield variation and stability." Química Nova. 43(7): 909-913.


13. Holm, N.K., et al., 2007. "Aggregation and fibrillation of bovine serum albumin." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Proteins and Proteomics. 1774(9): 1128-1138.


14. Huo, X., et al., 2019. "A novel synthesis of selenium nanoparticles encapsulated PLGA nanospheres with curcumin molecules for the inhibition of amyloid β aggregation in Alzheimer's disease." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 190: 98-102.


15. Karimi, N., et al., 2018. "Antioxidant, antimicrobial and physicochemical properties of turmeric extract-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC)." Colloid and Interface Science Communications 22: 18-24.


16. Kidd, M. 1963. "Paired helical filaments in electron microscopy of Alzheimer's disease." Nature. 197(4863): 192-193.


17. Kim, J.E., et al., 2019. "WS-5 Extract of Curcuma longa, Chaenomeles sinensis, and Zingiber officinale containsanti-aChE compounds and improves β-amyloid-induced memory impairment in mice." Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine: eCAM 2019.


18. Krup, V., et al., 2013. "Pharmacological activities of turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn): A review." J Homeop Ayurv Med 2(133): 2167-1206.1000133.


19. Ledesma, A.E., et al., (2017). "Spectroscopic characterization and docking studies of ZnO nanoparticle modified with BSA." Applied Surface Science 412: 177-188.


20. Lehar, S. M., et al., 2015. "Novel antibody–antibiotic conjugate eliminates intracellular S. aureus." Nature 527(7578): 323-328.


21. Lim, T. 2016. Curcuma longa. Edible medicinal and non-medicinal plants, Springer: 241-362.


22. MacLean, R.C. and San Millan, A. 2019. "The evolution of antibiotic resistance." science 365(6458): 1082-1083.


23. Mirzaee, F., et al., 2019. "Diverse effects of different “protein-based” vehicles on the stability and bioavailability of curcumin: spectroscopic evaluation of the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity in vitro." Protein and peptide letters. 26(2): 132-147.


24. Muhamed, I. A., et al., 2019. "Antimicrobial and antioxidant property of Curcuma longa Linn." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology. 8(11): 2383.


25. Naz, S., et al., 2010. "Chemical analysis of essential oils from turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome through GC-MS." Asian Journal of Chemistry. 22(4): 3153.

 

1. Nisar, T., et al., 2015. "Turmeric: A promising spice for phytochemical and antimicrobial activities." Am Eur J Agric Environ Sci. 15(7): 1278-1288.


2. Peron, G., et al., 2020. "Untargeted UPLC-MS metabolomics reveals multiple changes of urine composition in healthy adult volunteers after consumption of Curcuma longa L. extract." Food research international. 127: 108730.


3. Pormohammad, A., et al., 2019. "Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli strains simultaneously isolated from humans, animals, food, and the environment: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Infection and drug resistance. 12: 1181.


4. Reddy, P.H., et al., 2018. "Protective effects of Indian spice curcumin against amyloid-β in Alzheimer’s disease." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 61(3): 843-866.


5. Sandeep, I.S., et al., 2016. "Agroclimatic zone based metabolic profiling of turmeric (Curcuma Longa L.) for phytochemical yield optimization." Industrial Crops and Products. 85: 229-240.


6. Setzer, W.N., et al., 2021. "Variation in the chemical composition of five varieties of Curcuma longa rhizome essential oils cultivated in north alabama." Foods. 10(2): 212.


7. Shakeri, F., et al., 2017. "The effect of hydro-ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa rhizome and curcumin on total and differential WBC and serum oxidant, antioxidant biomarkers in rat model of asthma." Iranian journal of basic medical sciences. 20(2): 155.


8. Sharma, A., et al., 2016. "Turmeric its applications in dentistry." J. Adv Res Med 3(1): 27-30.


9. Sharman, M.J., et al., 2019. "Assessment of diets containing curcumin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, docosahexaenoic acid and α-lipoic acid on amyloid load and inflammation in a male transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease: Are combinations more effective?" Neurobiology of disease. 124: 505-519.


10. Stanojević, J.S., et al., 2015. "Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the turmeric essential oil (Curcuma longa L.)." Advanced technologies. 4(2): 19-25.


11. Wang, X., et al., 2014. "Effects of curcuminoids identified in rhizomes of Curcuma longa on BACE-1 inhibitory and behavioral activity and lifespan of Alzheimer’s disease Drosophila models." BMC complementary and alternative medicine. 14(1): 1-14.


12. Wu, P. Q., et al., 2020. "Isolation, characterization, and possible anti‐alzheimer's disease activities of bisabolane‐type sesquiterpenoid derivatives and phenolics from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa." Chemistry & biodiversity. 17(5): e2000067.


13. Yao, E.C. and Xue, L. 2014. "Therapeutic effects of curcumin on alzheimer’s disease." advances in alzheimer's disease. 3(04): 145.