Technovations of Electrical Engineering in Green Energy System: 12 (4)

Open Access Article

1 - Design and Simulation of a Low-Power Static Random-Access Memory (SRAM) Cell based on FinFET Transistor
Fatemeh Zolfaghari Sichani Mohammad Rouhollah Yazdani Atefeh Salimi Maryam Monemian

Fin field-effect transistors (FinFETs) are good alternatives to conventional metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) because of their potential for controlling the effects of short channel, leakage current, propagation delay and power loss. Since SR More

Fin field-effect transistors (FinFETs) are good alternatives to conventional metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) because of their potential for controlling the effects of short channel, leakage current, propagation delay and power loss. Since SRAMs occupy most of the advanced processors’ space, main power consumption in these processors is attributed to these memories. In a common 6-transistor static random access memory (6T SRAM) cell, the capacitors of both bit lines must be charged and discharged when reading and writing tasks are performed. Thus, most of the power consumption is related to this mechanism. In this paper, 7-Transistor static random-access memory (7T SRAM) cell is proposed that is able to write using one of the bit lines. The results of simulation using HSPICE software and in 32 nm technology show that the power consumption of this cell during write operation when the value "0" is stored in the cell is at most 98.6% and it has decreased by 99.8% when the value "1" is present in the cell. Also, the amount of Static Noise Margin (SNM) in standby and cell reading modes is equal to 0.2025 and 0.2011 volts respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Increasing the Profit of Owners of Distributed Generation Units with Reducing Losses of Distribution System Using Modified Grey Wolf Algorithm
Seyed Amir Mohammad Lahaghi Behrooz Zaker

This paper presents a comprehensive solution for optimizing the performance of distributed generation units in distribution systems. Focusing on reducing distribution network losses, the proposed solution utilizes point-to-point pricing method to determine prices across More

This paper presents a comprehensive solution for optimizing the performance of distributed generation units in distribution systems. Focusing on reducing distribution network losses, the proposed solution utilizes point-to-point pricing method to determine prices across the distribution system. The optimization objective is to minimize network losses, utilizing participatory prices declared by the owners of distributed generation units. Furthermore, price optimization is carried out using an improved grey wolf optimization algorithm, which employs a decision tree model to identify optimal solutions in each iteration, enhancing speed and accuracy at each stage of the algorithm training. The efficacy of the proposed method is evaluated on two IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus test distribution systems in MATLAB software, showing significant improvement in the speed and accuracy of the proposed solution compared to previous methods. Overall, this study can contribute to the advancement of efficient strategies for managing distributed generation units in distribution systems, emphasizing profitability and addressing network optimization challenges. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Mal-Operation of Distance Relay in Parallel Cable Lines of Sub-Transmission Network Due to the Effect of Reverse Fault Current in the Direction of Load Flow
Farhad Aghajanian Sabagh Farzad Hajimohammadi

Mal-operation of distance relays in electric power systems can be caused by a variety of factors, including errors in the relay's hardware or software, incorrect settings, and so on. In this paper, the issue malfunction of distance relay in parallel cable lines of sub-t More

Mal-operation of distance relays in electric power systems can be caused by a variety of factors, including errors in the relay's hardware or software, incorrect settings, and so on. In this paper, the issue malfunction of distance relay in parallel cable lines of sub-transmission network due to a systemic phenomenon titled "reverse fault current effect in the direction of load flow on the healthy phase" is studied and explored from various aspects. The innovation presented in this article is the detection of described above phenomenon that may cause the distance relay maloperation on a healthy phase of the adjacent line, leading to disconnection of the mentioned line. This is despite the fact that the fault has occurred on only one of the two parallel cable lines, and only that faulted line should be isolated from the network. In this study, we initially provide a comprehensive explanation of this phenomenon and illustrate its impact on the healthy phases of nearby parallel lines. Subsequently, to confirm the occurrence of this phenomenon, a real electrical power network is examined and modeled through DIgSILENT software simulations. Furthermore, we explore and analyze the factors that amplify or mitigate this phenomenon. Concluding the paper, we propose several strategies to mitigate the effects of this phenomenon, thereby preventing the mal-operation of the distance relay. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Optimal Planning Model for Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Stations in a Low-Polluting Distribution Network to Improve Technical and Economic Parameters
Moaiad Mohseni Alireza Niknam Kumlah Javad Ebrahimi Mahyar Abasi Mahmood Joorabian

One of the biggest and most important reasons for the removal fossil cars from the global car markets is their pollution, which has caused air pollution. But the use of electric cars does not have these many problems and has led to the increasing popularity of electric More

One of the biggest and most important reasons for the removal fossil cars from the global car markets is their pollution, which has caused air pollution. But the use of electric cars does not have these many problems and has led to the increasing popularity of electric cars. In most of the articles, the charging rate is considered continuous, while the charging stations work with a discrete rate and are mostly of single rate type. In this paper, the mathematical model for electric vehicles charging with a discrete rate is stated, in which the benefit of the electric vehicle consumers, the benefit of the charging coordinating unit, and the benefit of the network operator are met equally. Then, the problem of preventing high disconnections and connections that lead to damage to the charging station is expressed in mathematical form and applied to the problem. Finally, the development planning model of the discrete rate charging station in the network is proposed as an innovation and optimized by the mixed integer non-linear programming method. The results show that the electric vehicle's discrete charging rate, while simple, can bring many benefits from the point of view of flattening the load profile, providing the power required by the consumers, and meeting the network security restrictions. But the lack of development of the distribution network will prevent the growth of penetration of electric vehicles in the network. Also, the presence of these stations and their optimal planning will reduce the emission of pollutants in the environment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - A new Approach to Detecting Intrusion and Malicious Behaviors in Big Data
Homa Movahednejad Mohsen Porshaban Ehsan Yazdani.Chamzini Elahe Hemati Ashani Mahdi Sharifi

Today, maintaining information security and intrusion detection is very important to deal with malicious behaviors in massive data. In this article, a hybrid method for detecting malicious data is presented wherein three factors of time progress, history of users and sc More

Today, maintaining information security and intrusion detection is very important to deal with malicious behaviors in massive data. In this article, a hybrid method for detecting malicious data is presented wherein three factors of time progress, history of users and scalability are taken into account. The proposed method utilizes storage and feature extraction techniques to increase the speed and reduce the amount of calculations. In addition, the support vector machine algorithm has been modified for classification, and the parallelized bacterial foraging optimization algorithm has been used for feature extraction. The results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing methods in terms of detection rate by 21%, false positive rate by 62%, accuracy by 15% and execution time by 70%. The reduction in execution time indicates that less energy is needed to run the algorithm which results in saving energy and can be beneficial for use in green energy systems. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Study and Analyzing the Effect of Induced Overvoltage Resulting from Direct Lightning Strike on Wind Turbine with Non-Homogenous Two-Layer Soil and Electrodes with Square Arrangement
Hossein Malekpoor

Due to the location of wind turbines and their shape and structure, lightning strike to wind turbines causes serious economic losses and security risks. The design of the ground system of wind turbine is very important for the safety of personnel and protection of elect More

Due to the location of wind turbines and their shape and structure, lightning strike to wind turbines causes serious economic losses and security risks. The design of the ground system of wind turbine is very important for the safety of personnel and protection of electrical equipment. In this study, the effect of direct lightning strike on wind turbine components with the ground system of a different two-layer soil with square electrodes has been simulated and analyzed. Simple soil has a relative electrical permittivity coefficient of 10 and a conductivity coefficient of 0.1. In two-layer soil, the soil of the first layer has a relative electrical permittivity coefficient of 10 and a conductivity of 0.1. The soil of the second layer has a relative electrical permittivity coefficient of 4 and a conductivity of 0.001. The overall dimensions of the wind turbine include the length of the blades 24 meters, nacelle length 6 meters, its width and height 6 meters, and the wind turbine tower is made of a steel cone with a height of 44 meters. The simulation results in the full wave HFSS software have been analyzed based on the distribution of the fields created on the wind turbine components resulting from the direct impact of lightning and the effect of overvoltage created at different frequencies. Also, the results obtained with a wind turbine including a simple ground system without electrodes have been compared. Based on this, it can be concluded that the arrangement of the electrodes and the ground resistance plays a very important role for the design of the wind turbine farm and its protection. Manuscript profile

XML

List of Articles