Evaluation of Lead, Arsenic and Cadmium in Poultry Meat Sold in Tehran, Iran
Subject Areas : Pesticides and agricultural pests
Mahdi Jafari
1
,
Ebrahim Rahimi
2
*
1 - M.Sc., Department of Food Hygiene, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
2 - Professor, Department of Food Hygiene, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran
Keywords: Lead, Cadmium, Arsenic, Food, Meat,
Abstract :
Poultry meat is considered as the main sources of animal proteins, essential amino acids, minerals and vitamins, however, contamination of poultry meat with heavy metals can cause irreparable damage to consumers. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to evaluate lead, arsenic and cadmium in poultry meat offered in Tehran city. The number of 45 samples of breast meat, including 15 samples of chicken meat, 15 samples of turkey meat and 15 samples of quail meat, were randomly sampled from the supply centers of this product in Tehran, and after being transferred to the laboratory, the number of heavy metals was determined by the atomic absorption device were measured. The results showed that the average heavy metals in 15 samples of quail meat were 0.04 cadmium, 0.07 arsenic and 0.108 lead, in chicken meat 0.748 cadmium, 0.43 arsenic and 0.717 lead in turkey meat for Cadmium was 0.569, arsenic was 0.08 and lead was 1.184 mg/kg. Statistical analyzes showed that there is a significant difference between the number of heavy metals and the type of food (p<0.05). The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals in all samples exceeded the national standard, and therefore it can cause risks for consumers.
1. Pinstrup-Andersen P. Food security: definition and measurement. Food security. 2009;1(1):5-7.
2. Coates J. Build it back better: Deconstructing food security for improved measurement and action. Global Food Security. 2013;2(3):188-94.
3. Schulin R, Johnson A, Frossard E. Trace Element-Deficient Soils. Trace elements in soils. 2010:175-97.
4. Darwish WS, Chiba H, Elhelaly AE, Hui S-P. Estimation of cadmium content in Egyptian foodstuffs: health risk assessment, biological responses of human HepG2 cells to food-relevant concentrations of cadmium, and protection trials using rosmarinic and ascorbic acids. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019;26:15443-57.
5. Darwish W, Elsawey AA. An overview on the contamination of poultry meat with heavy metals: A Review. Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research. 2023;13(7):1469-73.
6. Darwish WS, Ikenaka Y, Nakayama SM, Mizukawa H, Ishizuka M. Constitutive effects of Lead on aryl hydrocarbon receptor gene battery and protection by β‐carotene and ascorbic acid in human HepG2 cells. Journal of food science. 2016;81(1):T275-T81.
7. Atsdr T. Atsdr (Agency for toxic substances and disease registry). Prepared by clement international corp, under contract. 2000;205:88-0608.
8. Tóth G, Hermann T, Da Silva MR, Montanarella L. Heavy metals in agricultural soils of the European Union with implications for food safety. Environment international. 2016;88:299-309.
9. Kamaly HF, Sharkawy AA. Health risk assessment of metals in chicken meat and liver in Egypt. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2023;195(7):802.
10. Peralta-Videa JR, Lopez ML, Narayan M, Saupe G, Gardea-Torresdey J. The biochemistry of environmental heavy metal uptake by plants: implications for the food chain. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology. 2009;41(8-9):1665-77.
11. Corguinha APB, de Souza GA, Gonçalves VC, de Andrade Carvalho C, de Lima WEA, Martins FAD, et al. Assessing arsenic, cadmium, and lead contents in major crops in Brazil for food safety purposes. Journal of food composition and analysis. 2015;37:143-50.
12. Selle PH, de Paula Dorigam JC, Lemme A, Chrystal PV, Liu SY. Synthetic and crystalline amino acids: alternatives to soybean meal in chicken-meat production. Animals. 2020;10(4):729.
13. Khodabakhshi A, Sedehi M, Shakeri K. Investigation of heavy metals in edible mushrooms consumed in Shahrekord. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. 2016;18(1):54-62.
14. Mathaiyan M, Natarajan A, Rajarathinam X, Rajeshkumar S. Assessment of Pb, Cd, As and Hg concentration in edible parts of broiler in major metropolitan cities of Tamil Nadu, India. Toxicology Reports. 2021;8:668-75.
15. Malomo GA, Ihegwuagu NE. Some aspects of animal feed sampling and analysis. Ideas and applications toward sample preparation for food and beverage analysis. 2017;77.
16. Moudgil P, Bedi J, Moudgil AD, Gill J, Aulakh R. Emerging issue of antibiotic resistance from food producing animals in India: Perspective and legal framework. Food reviews international. 2018;34(5):447-62.
17. Cheli F, Battaglia D, Gallo R, Dell'Orto V. EU legislation on cereal safety: An update with a focus on mycotoxins. Food Control. 2014;37:315-25.
18. FSSAI I. Food Safety and Standards (Contaminants, Toxins and residues) Regulations, 2011. Ministry of health and family Welfare, India. 2011:2.
19. Milićević DR, Škrinjar M, Baltić T. Real and perceived risks for mycotoxin contamination in foods and feeds: challenges for food safety control. Toxins. 2010;2(4):572-92.
20. Commission CA. Schedule 1 of the proposed draft codex general standard for contaminants and toxins in food. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants, Thirty-fifth Session, Arusha, Tanzania. 2003.
21. Joint F, Commission FWCA. General standard for contaminants and toxins in foods.
22. Zakanova A, Yerzhanov N, Litvinov Y. The impact of industrial pollution on the populations of small mammals in Northern Kazakhstan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2023;30(17):49980-91.
23. Genchi G, Lauria G, Catalano A, Carocci A, Sinicropi MS. Arsenic: A review on a great health issue worldwide. Applied Sciences. 2022;12(12):6184.
24. Wang H, Zhang R, Song Y, Li T, Ge M. Protective effect of ganoderma triterpenoids on cadmium-induced testicular toxicity in chickens. Biological trace element research. 2019;187:281-90.
25. Oraby M, Baraka T, Rakha G. Hazardous effects of lead intoxication on health status, rumen functions, hematological and serum biochemical parameters in Egyptian Ossimi sheep. Adv Anim Vet Sci. 2021;9(48-54).
26. Kim J, Koo T-H. Heavy metal concentrations in diet and livers of Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax and Grey Heron Ardea cinerea chicks from Pyeongtaek, Korea. Ecotoxicology. 2007;16:411-6.
27. Gholami-Ahangaran M, Ahmadi A. Measurement of some heavy metals in chicken meat supplied in Isfahan province. journal of veterinary clinical research. 2019;10(1):51-8.
28. Sinkakarimi MH, Mansouri B, Azadi NA, Maleki A, Davari B. Assessment of heavy metals in chicken meat distributed in Sanandaj, Iran, and calculating the food consumption risk. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2017;26(146):128-38.
29. Okoye C, Aneke A, Ibeto C, Ihedioha I. Heavy metals analysis of local and exotic poultry meat. 2011.
30. Chen S-S, Lin Y-W, Kao Y-M, Shih Y-C. Trace elements and heavy metals in poultry and livestock meat in Taiwan. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B. 2013;6(4):231-6.
31. Imran R, Hamid A, Amjad R. Estimation of the heavy metal concentration in the poultry meat being produced in Kasur. J Bio and Env Sci. 2015;7(4):62-75.
32. Iwegbue C, Nwajei G, Iyoha E. Heavy metal residues of chicken meat and gizzard and turkey meat consumed in southern Nigeria. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2008;11(4):275-80.
32. Han JL, Pan XD, Chen Q. Distribution and safety assessment of heavy metals in fresh meat from Zhejiang, China. Scientific Reports. 2022;12(1):3241.
33. Kim H-T, Loftus JP, Mann S, Wakshlag JJ. Evaluation of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury contamination in over-the-counter available dry dog foods with different animal ingredients (red meat, poultry, and fish). Frontiers in veterinary science. 2018;5:264.
34. Pappuswamy M, Meyyazhagan A, Balasubramanian B, Bhotla HK, Pushparaj K, Easwaran M, et al. Carcinogens in food: evaluating the presence of cadmium, lead, in poultry meat in south India. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention: APJCP. 2021;22(11):3507.
35. Naseri K, Salmani F, Zeinali M, Zeinali T. Health risk assessment of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb in the muscle, liver and gizzard of hen’s marketed in East of Iran. Toxicology reports. 2021;8:53-9.