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Open Access Article
1 - Explain the appropriate context for the implementation of strategic plans in urban policy Emphasizing the theory of good urban governance
gashtaseb kiani korosh afzali kermatolah ziari Today, the atmosphere of third world cities, including Iran, has become a problematic atmosphere and has reduced the quality of life in the context of this space. Also, urban planning and management has not been able to b More Today, the atmosphere of third world cities, including Iran, has become a problematic atmosphere and has reduced the quality of life in the context of this space. Also, urban planning and management has not been able to be effective for the development of these spaces, so that the birth and problem-solving of these spaces has continued. One of the problems of urban planning in these cities is the lack of the necessary platform for the implementation and realization of new urban development plans and programs. So that these plans and programs are always faced with the phrase non-realization. These cases have led the process of urban management and planning in these cities from being development-oriented to being organization-oriented. Because of the problematic space and lack of context, urban planning cannot lead to the realization of urban development plans and can only organize the problems formed in the existing spatial context. One of these new urban development plans is the strategic plans that have been proposed in the time of modernity. Studies show that strategic plans cannot be achieved in the spatial context of Iranian cities and achieve their goals. The method of work in this research is grand theoretical or theoretical method; the present article tries to explain this issue. Findings of the article with the approach of hermeneutic phenomenology also show that the inconsistency of time-space and content is the most important factor in the failure of strategic plans in Iranian cities. As a result of this incompatibility, the spatial text of Iranian cities do not have the necessary context to read and convey the meaning (realization) of strategic plans. According to the underlying theory, a consistent spatial text is provided for the realization of strategic plans, by entering the era called modernity. While the spatial text of Iranian cities is formed under the influence of the transition between tradition and modernity, and this time in the next stage forms the phenomenon of spatial and content incompatibility, which causes the lack of ground for the realization of strategic plans for the development of Iranian cities.Extended abstractIntroduction: Today, the atmosphere of third world cities, including Iran, has become a problematic atmosphere and has reduced the quality of life in the context of this space. Also, urban planning and management has not been able to be effective for the development of these spaces, so that the birth and problem-solving of these spaces has continued. One of the problems of urban planning in these cities is the lack of the necessary platform for the implementation and realization of new urban development plans and programs. So that these plans and programs are always faced with the phrase non-realization. These cases have led the process of urban management and planning in these cities from being development-oriented to being organization-oriented. Because of the problematic space and lack of context, urban planning cannot lead to the realization of urban development plans and can only organize the problems formed in the existing spatial context. One of these new urban development plans is the strategic plans that have been proposed in the time of modernity. Studies show that strategic plans cannot be achieved in the spatial context of Iranian cities and achieve their goals.Methodology: The present study tries to explain the quality of the implementation of strategic plans in Iranian cities. In this regard, the basis of the explanation is based on the underlying theory. Because contextual theory can be a good way to understand a set of effective conditions and factors. Contextual theory was first developed in 1967 by Barbie Glasser and Alzelm Strauss and published in their famous book Discovery of Contextual Theory. The founders of this theory, criticizing the positivist method of the 1960s, based their theory on an interpretive approach. Unlike quantitative research, contextual theory does not begin with existing or deductive theory, but its primary purpose is to discover theory through data methodology because theory derived from data is closer to reality. Also, one of the most important advantages of data analysis in this theory is the definition of categories or the main causes based on raw data and the method of constant comparison between data in order to classify .Therefore (based on this theory), the present study first presents the desired data in the field of theoretical foundations, then through the method of hermeneutic phenomenology, the phenomenon of explaining the quality of the realization of strategic plans to finally be able to context Extract the appropriate (bed) for the implementation and realization of this phenomenon within the spatial context.Results and discussion: This section tries to analyze the time and space text (derived from it) in which the need to use strategic plans and the time and space in which our cities are located, comparatively. To determine the quality (how) of the spatial text that caused the phenomenon in the form of strategic plans, as well as the spatial text in which the cities of our country are located. Because this is how they themselves form their own phenomena. In fact, by explaining this issue (emerging temporal-spatial compatibility and spatial text), this section tries to explain the issue that the existing spatial text of our country's cities have the capacity to accept and then read and convey the meaning of emerging strategic plans or No? Because (according to the theoretical foundations of research) attention to the spatio-temporal compatibility of the plan (phenomenon) with the desired location (where it is to be implemented and realized), the requirements for success and quality of realization of a plan, program and pattern that should be considered when planning.Conclusion: Findings of the article with the approach of hermeneutic phenomenology also show that the inconsistency of time-space and content is the most important factor in the failure of strategic plans in Iranian cities. As a result of this incompatibility, the spatial text of Iranian cities do not have the necessary context to read and convey the meaning (realization) of strategic plans. According to the underlying theory, a consistent spatial text is provided for the realization of strategic plans, by entering the era called modernity. While the spatial text of Iranian cities is formed under the influence of the transition between tradition and modernity, and this time in the next stage forms the phenomenon of spatial and content incompatibility, which causes the lack of ground for the realization of strategic plans for the development of Iranian cities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Explaining the effects of contemporary consumption behavior in the formation of urban spaces in large-scale shopping centers (Case study: Megamall Ekbatan, Tehran)
Mehdi Moradi Kianoosh Zakerhaghighi Keramatollah ZiariWith the arrival of modernism in the cities of Iran and in parallel with the development process of globalization, commercial spaces have found a new structure and replaced the commercial space in the form of malls (large-scale shopping centers). Also, the behavior of s MoreWith the arrival of modernism in the cities of Iran and in parallel with the development process of globalization, commercial spaces have found a new structure and replaced the commercial space in the form of malls (large-scale shopping centers). Also, the behavior of space users according to the changing role of A city has been transformed and consumption behavior is considered as one of the behaviors of society. so; Identifying the components of the formation of urban spaces in large-scale shopping centers with an emphasis on the consumption behavior of the contemporary era is the main goal of this article. The nature of the topic and research objectives, the ruling approach of this research is "descriptive-explanatory" and "fundamental". The research method is qualitative. According to data collection, a survey method has been used, and interviews have been used as the main tool for data collection. The statistical population includes all users of the space in Ekbatan Megamall, Tehran. According to the theoretical saturation level, the sample size was 30 people in the form of focus groups of 5-6 people randomly. The results of the research indicate that the difference in behavior compared to the past and also compared to the styles of behavior in other traditional markets was considered as another characteristic of megamalls and malls, so that the effects of the malls' space on the nature and quality of the movements and gestures of young people can be seen. And it is a space that encourages consumption and reproduces and organizes this kind of exercise of power within wanderings and unwritten rules by means of the mass volume of showcases, commercial advertisements.Extended AbstractIntroduction:Today, urban spaces have undergone changes due to the change in the lifestyle of citizens on the one hand and the introduction of modernity into urban planning on the other hand, and this is the case that knowing the values, abilities and potentials of contemporary urban spaces can lead to the development and improvement of economic conditions., social, cultural and physical of the city and citizens. Also, New approaches to shopping and consumption as a form of leisure have caused new structures of commercial, service-entertainment spaces in the world, one of which is large-scale commercial centers (megamalls). On the other hand, with the arrival of modernism in the cities of Iran and in parallel with the development process of globalization, the commercial spaces have been extended from the market to the street and gradually transformed into arcades next to the commercial streets, and then hypermarkets with greater concentration and variety. In order to attract different groups of people, they came to work and now this transformation has found a new structure and replaced the commercial space in the form of goods. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to explain the effects of contemporary consumption behavior in the formation of urban spaces in large-scale shopping centers, and in this regard, the main question of the research is as follows: "What are the effects of contemporary consumption behavior in the formation of urban spaces in large-scale shopping centers?"Methodology:The present research, in terms of method, is "descriptive-explanatory”. The research method is qualitative. According to data collection, survey and interview methods have been used as the main tools. The statistical population includes all the users of the space in Megamall, Ekbatan, Tehran. For the purpose of interviews, for the qualitative analysis of the data, the random sampling method was used, and the sample size was 30 people according to the theoretical saturation level in the form of focus groups. 5-6 people have been selected. The analysis has been done based on Carspecken analysis in the following stages: compilation and initial registration of data; analysis and preliminary restorative analysis of data; Dialogue-oriented data production: description of structural relationships; description and explanation of structural relationships obtained from the findings.Results and discussion:Qualitative findings showed that Ekbatan Megamall, as one of the modern commercial spaces, has provided a platform for space users whose age range is 18-35 years, where "showing themselves" and "roaming" are among their obvious goals. The existence of malls and megamalls in cities leads to It has created a new kind of cultural, social and economic experience of the space, which will also cause the development of the consumerism pattern. Also, Megamall Ekbatan commercial complex as a case study in this thesis can be referred to as a consumption space in which the lifestyle, the desires, thoughts and ideals of different space users are idols of traditional commercial spaces and even arcades and can define a new identity of urban spaces in which the needs of users and their presence are different from other spaces. The production of commercial consumption spaces based on the new needs of users, emphasizing the large-scale commercial complex of Ekbatan, is described as follows: this commercial space is a space not for production but for consumption, and as a modern urban space where fashion is one of the characteristics Space users in a way that makes the representational space of "users' experience area or youth roaming" full of power and procedures contrary to the behavioral pattern of users in other commercial spaces, can be discussed and investigatedConclusion:Concluding remarks of this study, Malls and mega-malls provided an arena for the presence and expression of modern citizens' behaviors, which are similar to things like loitering (showing boys and girls to attract attention, walking calmly and rhythmically without a goal, spending free time), consumer images (signs encouraging consumption, bank banners). investment incentive, this is the same as happiness and bank profit, boutique window decorations), and fashionism (different clothing of users in this space, use of brand and different clothes in these spaces, desire and pretending to buy, desire to use different makeup in girls, The tendency to use different hairstyles in boys, fashionable clothes) that these factors caused the creation of contemporary urban spaces with an approach beyond economic and behavioral exchange. 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Open Access Article
3 - Future study of the ecological dimension of resilience in the spatial structure of the city of Tehran
Ebrahim Farhadi ahmad Pouarahmad Keramatollah Ziari Hasanali Faraji SabokbarDuring the last one or two decades, with the increase in crises, the resilience of cities and regions against natural and human hazards has received particular attention. The aim of this research is the spatial analysis of the components affecting the urban resilience o MoreDuring the last one or two decades, with the increase in crises, the resilience of cities and regions against natural and human hazards has received particular attention. The aim of this research is the spatial analysis of the components affecting the urban resilience of the metropolis of Tehran (the political and economic capital of Iran) in the form of ecological indicators and identifying the most important factors affecting them. In this research, firstly, indicators in 7 categories include water transfer reservoirs, waste collection centers, water and wastewater treatment centers, green use and parks, brown and barren lands, fault lines, and air pollution in the GIS software environment using resilience state overlay tools. It showed the areas. The future research discussion of this article consists of two parts. In the first part, in order to create a base of existing primary factors about the components of spatial resilience, from the environmental scanning technique (examination of articles and printed sources, interviews with experts, and monitoring of conventions and conferences) and review of the literature background. In the second part, experts and elites were asked to identify the most important factors affecting the ecological resilience of the environment within the next 10 years. Finally, 18 variables were determined by Delphi, and Mic Mac software was used for data analysis. The findings showed that the spatial analysis of the resilience of Tehran city in the ecological dimension of the environment is in an unstable state by considering the effect-dependency analysis diagram. Based on the findings, the variables of fault zones and earthquake intensity, drought, establishment of production and industrial resources (power plants and industries), proximity of risk centers, soil quality, quality and quantity of water reserves, environmental pollution, threats of geomorphological origin (landslide, subsidence) and..) has the highest influencing factor on the ecological dimension of the resilience of Tehran city. Extended Abstract Introduction: Today, societies are trying to achieve conditions that will provide them with a quick return to the pre-crisis situation in case of various accidents and damages. Therefore, in recent studies particular emphasis has been placed on resilience and the promotion of resilience against various accidents and crises has become an important and broad field, so the simultaneous and mutual movement of sustainable development and increasing resilience is currently being discussed. Urban resilience is one of the most important and key approaches that guarantee the survival of human settlements. Unfortunately, in recent years, the vulnerability of Iranian cities to unexpected incidents and accidents has increased, which has made the need for foresight in this field even more important. The ever-increasing speed of changes in the first decade of the 21st century has led to the emergence of an era called uncertainty and has placed an environment full of opportunities and threats in front of the current complex systems. In this unstable and rapidly changing environment, the traditional tools of planning will not be responsible for the medium and long term. During the last two centuries, and especially from the 20th century until now, a completely different approach has emerged in urban and regional planning, but the nature of planning, i.e. purposefulness, systematicity, and having future guidelines, remains intact. The important point is that the type of attitude and intellectual foundations that prevailed in different times have changed in the category of planning, which has caused the creation of different styles in planning. One of these approaches is planning based on the future research scenario. The importance of the issue comes from the fact that the city of Tehran has a population of 8,693,706 people, and this city, as the capital and the first metropolis of Iran, faces many challenges, including the ever-increasing population and the subsequent abnormal development of the urban body (in the event of an earthquake, witnessing a human disaster and fewer casualties in the world) we will be). The purpose of this article is to evaluate the spatial resilience of Tehran city from an ecological perspective and to provide suggestions and solutions by examining the current situation. Methodology: In terms of the purpose, the research is of an applied type, which was carried out by a descriptive-analytical method based on documentary library studies and field investigations. Considering the nature of the data and the impossibility of controlling the behavior of the effective variables in the problem, this research was of a non-experimental type and was carried out within the framework of the case-analytic model. The investigated community was the statistical block and all urban and residential uses of Tehran city, and the main data was obtained mainly by using the data of the urban blocks of the Iranian Statistics Center and the available documents, including the comprehensive and detailed plan. Available information layers, field observations, targeted questioning of municipal experts, and specific data produced in the software environment of the GIS geographic information system, as well as document and library study, have provided another part of the required information for the article. To achieve the objectives of the research, indicators in 7 categories including water transfer reservoirs, waste collection centers, water and wastewater treatment centers, green use and parks, brown and barren lands, fault lines, and air pollution based on existing land use studies and revision The detailed plan of Tehran city areas was extracted. In the following, for the spatialization of the studied indicators at the level of the texture of the regions, the method (Tracking Analyst Tools) has been used in the network analysis process (Spline Tools) in the ArcGIS software environment. In the second part, experts and elites (25 people) were asked to identify the most important components affecting Determining environmental-ecological resilience within the next 10 years. Finally, 18 variables were determined by Delphi, and MIC MAC software is used for data analysis. Results and discussion: In the analysis of the effect-dependency matrix, it is necessary to pay attention to the arrangement and ecological spatial distribution of the metropolis of Tehran with the model of future research in the framework of Figure 5(t). The pattern of this distribution will have a very direct relationship with the stability or instability of the environmental-ecological resilience system in the Tehran metropolis with a forward-looking approach; In such a way that stable systems, while having indicators with a high degree of influence and effectiveness, the variables also have a normal distribution in other levels of the diagram. And in unstable systems, the distribution of variables does not have the same normal pattern, and most of the indicators tend to be high or low. Therefore, according to the analysis, it can be found that the environmental-ecological resilience system of the Tehran metropolis is in an unstable state by considering the effect-dependency analysis diagram, and it indicates the instability of the influencing variables and the continuity of their influence on other variables. Each of the variables is placed in a certain place in the diagram according to the degree of influence. According to Figure 5(t), the position of the variables in the diagram indicates their status in the system and their role in the dynamics and evolution of the system in the future. Conclusion: The results of the evaluation, while at a high level, comply with the realities surrounding urban resilience in Tehran, in such a way that in the framework of prospective studies and by using the scenario approach, it is possible to measure the general state of resilience, and model Its stability or instability was also found from how the variables are spatially distributed on the level of graphs and figures output from Mic Mac software. Also, the almost high percentage of the filling factor (98%) in the research variables confirms the validity and reliability of the research tools at an almost high level. The information obtained from Figure 5(p) confirms the fact that ecological environmental resilience in Tehran metropolis is unstable and in such a way that the continuation of the current situation will lead to the formation of a disaster scenario and in the best case, if the current situation continues, the environmental resilience in Tehran metropolis and the continuation of the current drought situation, limited attention to the water resources management situation, the continuation of the current unfavorable situation and the destruction of the region's ecosystem, the ecological pressure on the resources, the continuation of the current situation of planning to improve the state of land use management and the growth of incompatible industrial uses within the regions which will ultimately lead to the continuation of the unfavorable situation of instability. Manuscript profile
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