During the last one or two decades, with the increase in crises, the resilience of cities and regions against natural and human hazards has received particular attention. The aim of this research is the spatial analysis of the components affecting the urban resilience of the metropolis of Tehran (the political and economic capital of Iran) in the form of ecological indicators and identifying the most important factors affecting them. In this research, firstly, indicators in 7 categories include water transfer reservoirs, waste collection centers, water and wastewater treatment centers, green use and parks, brown and barren lands, fault lines, and air pollution in the GIS software environment using resilience state overlay tools. It showed the areas. The future research discussion of this article consists of two parts. In the first part, in order to create a base of existing primary factors about the components of spatial resilience, from the environmental scanning technique (examination of articles and printed sources, interviews with experts, and monitoring of conventions and conferences) and review of the literature background. In the second part, experts and elites were asked to identify the most important factors affecting the ecological resilience of the environment within the next 10 years. Finally, 18 variables were determined by Delphi, and Mic Mac software was used for data analysis. The findings showed that the spatial analysis of the resilience of Tehran city in the ecological dimension of the environment is in an unstable state by considering the effect-dependency analysis diagram. Based on the findings, the variables of fault zones and earthquake intensity, drought, establishment of production and industrial resources (power plants and industries), proximity of risk centers, soil quality, quality and quantity of water reserves, environmental pollution, threats of geomorphological origin (landslide, subsidence) and..) has the highest influencing factor on the ecological dimension of the resilience of Tehran city. Extended Abstract Introduction: Today, societies are trying to achieve conditions that will provide them with a quick return to the pre-crisis situation in case of various accidents and damages. Therefore, in recent studies particular emphasis has been placed on resilience and the promotion of resilience against various accidents and crises has become an important and broad field, so the simultaneous and mutual movement of sustainable development and increasing resilience is currently being discussed. Urban resilience is one of the most important and key approaches that guarantee the survival of human settlements. Unfortunately, in recent years, the vulnerability of Iranian cities to unexpected incidents and accidents has increased, which has made the need for foresight in this field even more important. The ever-increasing speed of changes in the first decade of the 21st century has led to the emergence of an era called uncertainty and has placed an environment full of opportunities and threats in front of the current complex systems. In this unstable and rapidly changing environment, the traditional tools of planning will not be responsible for the medium and long term. During the last two centuries, and especially from the 20th century until now, a completely different approach has emerged in urban and regional planning, but the nature of planning, i.e. purposefulness, systematicity, and having future guidelines, remains intact. The important point is that the type of attitude and intellectual foundations that prevailed in different times have changed in the category of planning, which has caused the creation of different styles in planning. One of these approaches is planning based on the future research scenario. The importance of the issue comes from the fact that the city of Tehran has a population of 8,693,706 people, and this city, as the capital and the first metropolis of Iran, faces many challenges, including the ever-increasing population and the subsequent abnormal development of the urban body (in the event of an earthquake, witnessing a human disaster and fewer casualties in the world) we will be). The purpose of this article is to evaluate the spatial resilience of Tehran city from an ecological perspective and to provide suggestions and solutions by examining the current situation. Methodology: In terms of the purpose, the research is of an applied type, which was carried out by a descriptive-analytical method based on documentary library studies and field investigations. Considering the nature of the data and the impossibility of controlling the behavior of the effective variables in the problem, this research was of a non-experimental type and was carried out within the framework of the case-analytic model. The investigated community was the statistical block and all urban and residential uses of Tehran city, and the main data was obtained mainly by using the data of the urban blocks of the Iranian Statistics Center and the available documents, including the comprehensive and detailed plan. Available information layers, field observations, targeted questioning of municipal experts, and specific data produced in the software environment of the GIS geographic information system, as well as document and library study, have provided another part of the required information for the article. To achieve the objectives of the research, indicators in 7 categories including water transfer reservoirs, waste collection centers, water and wastewater treatment centers, green use and parks, brown and barren lands, fault lines, and air pollution based on existing land use studies and revision The detailed plan of Tehran city areas was extracted. In the following, for the spatialization of the studied indicators at the level of the texture of the regions, the method (Tracking Analyst Tools) has been used in the network analysis process (Spline Tools) in the ArcGIS software environment. In the second part, experts and elites (25 people) were asked to identify the most important components affecting Determining environmental-ecological resilience within the next 10 years. Finally, 18 variables were determined by Delphi, and MIC MAC software is used for data analysis. Results and discussion: In the analysis of the effect-dependency matrix, it is necessary to pay attention to the arrangement and ecological spatial distribution of the metropolis of Tehran with the model of future research in the framework of Figure 5(t). The pattern of this distribution will have a very direct relationship with the stability or instability of the environmental-ecological resilience system in the Tehran metropolis with a forward-looking approach; In such a way that stable systems, while having indicators with a high degree of influence and effectiveness, the variables also have a normal distribution in other levels of the diagram. And in unstable systems, the distribution of variables does not have the same normal pattern, and most of the indicators tend to be high or low. Therefore, according to the analysis, it can be found that the environmental-ecological resilience system of the Tehran metropolis is in an unstable state by considering the effect-dependency analysis diagram, and it indicates the instability of the influencing variables and the continuity of their influence on other variables. Each of the variables is placed in a certain place in the diagram according to the degree of influence. According to Figure 5(t), the position of the variables in the diagram indicates their status in the system and their role in the dynamics and evolution of the system in the future. Conclusion: The results of the evaluation, while at a high level, comply with the realities surrounding urban resilience in Tehran, in such a way that in the framework of prospective studies and by using the scenario approach, it is possible to measure the general state of resilience, and model Its stability or instability was also found from how the variables are spatially distributed on the level of graphs and figures output from Mic Mac software. Also, the almost high percentage of the filling factor (98%) in the research variables confirms the validity and reliability of the research tools at an almost high level. The information obtained from Figure 5(p) confirms the fact that ecological environmental resilience in Tehran metropolis is unstable and in such a way that the continuation of the current situation will lead to the formation of a disaster scenario and in the best case, if the current situation continues, the environmental resilience in Tehran metropolis and the continuation of the current drought situation, limited attention to the water resources management situation, the continuation of the current unfavorable situation and the destruction of the region's ecosystem, the ecological pressure on the resources, the continuation of the current situation of planning to improve the state of land use management and the growth of incompatible industrial uses within the regions which will ultimately lead to the continuation of the unfavorable situation of instability. Manuscript profile

The most obvious characteristic of the historical textures of the cities is the valuable tangible and intangible urban heritage and the available and important capacities, which are neglected by the decision-makers. Heritage tourism is considered one of the important tools for regeneration the historical contexts of cities due to its role in creating competitive advantages on a national and local scale. This role takes into consideration the protection and development of historical textures. The use of heritage tourism in historical areas can help the successful urban regeneration of these tissues. The current research aims to identify the existing assets and capacities in the field of heritage tourism and have a reading on the model of heritage tourism in regeneration the historical texture of Shiraz. This research is derived from the paradigm of interpretivism, its approach is inductive, the type of research is applied-developmental and its nature is descriptive-analytical, and it falls under the category of qualitative approaches, the method of collecting data is documentary, survey and purposeful sampling. Its data analysis is also based on open, central and selective coding, and the strategies of the Grounded Theory were used to explain the pattern. In this research, in order to achieve its goals, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 experts who included beneficiaries and users, influencers and stakeholders. Based on the foundational data theory, the collected documents were analyzed in 175 open codes, 131 concepts, 49 subcategories and 15 main categories. The result of the reading shows that the model of heritage tourism in regeneration the historical context of Shiraz should consider education, cultural, social and religious tourism, physical tourism, event-oriented, traditional values, spiritual heritage and social cohesion, at the same time. With it, capacity-building, pattern-making, promotion and encouragement, interaction, cooperation and action in the context of drafting and revising national and local laws, facilitating and mediating, facilitating and empowering the field of physical creativity, public participation and social vitality, and resulting to strengthen physical, cultural and social identity. Extended Abstract Introduction:       The most obvious characteristic of the historical textures of the cities is the valuable tangible and intangible urban heritage and the available and important capacities, which are neglected by the decision-makers. Due to its role in creating new jobs and creating competitive advantages on a national and local scale, tourism is considered one of the important tools for regeneration historical contexts. By strengthening tourism, it is possible to achieve the protection of historical textures. Using tourism in historical areas can help solve urban problems and achieve successful urban regeneration of these areas. Heritage tourism is the redevelopment of an area with historical and cultural values, an inevitable process of urban development. The historical texture of Shiraz, has the most valuable spiritual characteristics such as cultural identity, specific cultural patterns, social and cultural authenticity, unique economic capacities and with specific patterns of architecture and urban planning, physical identity. However, the tourism capacities of the historical texture of Shiraz metropolis as one of the largest and richest historical and cultural centers of the country have been neglected. Therefore, this research seeks to identify the existing assets and capacities in the field of heritage tourism and have a reading on the model of heritage tourism in regeneration the historical texture of Shiraz Methodology:       This research is derived from the paradigm of interpretivism, its approach is inductive, the type of research is applied-developmental and its nature is descriptive-analytical, and it falls under the category of qualitative approaches, the method of collecting data is documentary, survey and purposeful sampling. Its data analysis is also based on open, central and selective coding, and the strategies of the Grounded Theory were used to explain the pattern. In this research, in order to achieve its goals, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 experts who included beneficiaries and users, influencers and stakeholders. Based on the foundational data theory, the collected documents were analyzed in 175 open codes, 131 concepts, 49 subcategories and 15 main categories. Results and discussion:        In the heritage tourism reading of the model of regeneration the historical texture of Shiraz, five categories of education, cultural, social and religious tourism, physical tourism, event-centered, traditional values ​​and spiritual heritage, and social cohesion were identified as effective causal conditions. In this model, causal conditions include categories that affect the formation of the central category. Strategies for the realization of the central category, which are specific actions and interactions that have resulted from the central category, and in this model, people's participation, social vitality, and physical creativity. Fields have also been introduced as special conditions that affect strategies, facilitation and mediation, facilitation and empowerment, formulation and review of national and local laws. The intervention conditions in this model, which are the general background conditions affecting the strategies, are capacity building, pattern making, promotion and encouragement, interaction, cooperation and action. The consequences of the model of this research are physical identity, cultural and social identity. Conclusion:       The historical texture of cities with historical and cultural attractions are neglected by decision makers and decision-makers, heritage tourism is one of the significant approaches in recreating historical contexts, which plays a very important role in economic, physical, social and It has a culture. A careful reading of this role should be placed in the agenda of the trustees so that it can consider the protection and development of historical contexts in a balanced way and have effective results in the regeneration of historical texture. In the historical context of cities, especially in the city of Shiraz, in the study of heritage tourism, event-oriented category, traditional values ​​and spiritual heritage, we should focus on historical stories and narratives, capitals and spiritual heritage, traditional and old values ​​of the context, events and Historical and cultural rituals should be emphasized and efforts should be made to inform about these events and values, documentaries, multimedia productions and storytelling. Also, education and training of tourism capacities of historical context should be taken into consideration. In the category of social, cultural and religious tourism, by using the capacity of creative houses, efforts should be made to identify, strengthen the attractions and recreational and tourism capacities, and introduce the religious and special attractions of the historical texture of Shiraz. The category of physical tourism, the diverse architecture of historical houses and the definition of tourism should be emphasized In order to read the role of heritage tourism in recreating historical contexts, especially in the city of Shiraz, in the context of facilitation and mediation by defining the duties of facilitator and mediator, fulfilling the role and reassuring people in heritage tourism should be emphasized, also in the category of drafting and revising national laws. And local attention should be paid to the review of municipal laws and cultural heritage and to fix the museum's view of historical contexts, and in the category of facilitating and giving authority, he paid attention to facilitating and delegating national authority to the provinces in carrying out context actions. At the same time, capacity building should be considered by formulating a comprehensive plan for the regeneration and flexible registration of the historical context, modeling, promoting and encouraging all-round participation in preserving the context's facilities, social activism and interaction with policy makers, inter-institutional cooperation in the implementation of various matters. The context and connection of activists with the media should be emphasized. The emergence of heritage tourism with physical creativity is possible by showing creativity, depicting events, making spaces attractive and creating stories, producing old architectural and artistic materials, and popular participation and social vitality in preserving the heritage of localities, the result of which is strengthening the physical, cultural and Social according to the identification and strengthening of physical assets, content-oriented patterns, memory generation, artistic cultural needs of the fabric, culture building, preservation of the original residents, the heritage of ordinary citizens and the prosperity of the traditional way of life in the valuable historical texture of Shiraz. Manuscript profile

Today, the rapid growth of urbanization causes various problems for the citizens in the urban space, and the issue of security as the background of a healthy society has gained a special importance in urban issues. The feeling of security is considered as one of the basic needs of citizens in urban spaces, which is the basis for the development of human societies. Meanwhile, women, as a part of the vulnerable sections of society, need a sense of security for their presence in urban spaces. The presence of women in safe spaces promotes the model of effective and better participatory social activities in the community scene. The present research is of an applied type, which was carried out in the statistical population of the 2nd and 5th regions of Shiraz city with a descriptive and analytical method. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the sense of security of women living in the statistical community. The process of collecting information is in the form of library and documentary studies, and the data is obtained from field surveys and questionnaires. In order to analyze the data and create sufficient scientific evidence needed to achieve the goal of the research, Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression statistical analyzes were used in SPSS software.The findings indicate that region 5 has better social, physical and psychological conditions than region 2 and women feel more secure. Also, the results indicate that the social, physical and psychological dimensions have a direct relationship with each other, in other words, these dimensions have a direct relationship with women's sense of security in urban public spaces, that is, the higher the indicators of these dimensions are, the more secure women feel. Extended Abstract Introduction:       Man and the environment in which he lives are inseparable from each other. The rapid growth of Man and the environment in which he lives are inseparable from each other. The rapid growth of urbanization and the ever-increasing population of urban dwellers, which brings with it the mixing and mixing of people in the urban space, has caused the discussion of security to gain special importance in urban issues, urban security. It means peace of mind and lack of fear of citizens from any threat and danger against the city, citizens, urban spaces, buildings and organizations, facilities and urban infrastructures and other important elements in urban life that cause concern and feeling of insecurity in citizens. brought The feeling of security is considered as one of the important indicators of the quality of urban life, and it is considered as one of the basic needs of citizens in urban structures, and it is of special importance due to the inclusion of a sense of peace and comfort in the environment for citizens. . Various factors affect citizens' sense of security; the security of women in the urban society will result in many social and economic benefits. The feeling of security in women can be effective in improving the pattern of social activities and bring about a better participation in the community scene Methodology:       This research is of a practical and practical type, which was collected using the questionnaire tool, the required data in different periods of time in the fall of 2022. In this research, the statistical population of women over 15 years of age is 102,212 people. Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size, which was 382 people by Cochran's method and taking into account the sample error rate of 0.5% compared to sampling from the target statistical population by stratified and random method. In the current research, the descriptive and analytical method was used and the process of collecting research information was collected in the form of library and document studies, and the findings were obtained from field surveys and questionnaires. Statistical analysis and questionnaire data are collected in such a way that for each index, a question is asked, and according to the five-scale Likert scale, answers including very weak, weak, average, good and very good are considered, which citizens according to They have answered the questions of the questionnaire and in the analysis of the data T and Pearson correlation tests have been used in the SPSS software format. Results and discussion:        The calculation of the difference test in the indicators related to the social dimension of the sense of security in the two studied regions shows that the overall average of the index in the fifth region is 3.36 and the second region is 2.35, which indicates the difference in the level of security in the studied regions. Based on the obtained information, the indicators of neighborhood relations and the dynamics and activity of the population are more than the significance level (0.05) and the rest of the indicators are less than the significance level. It can be argued that there is an average difference between the two communities in question regarding the social dimension. The calculation of the mean difference test in the indicators related to the physical dimension shows the sense of security. Based on the analysis, region 5 shows a better physical quality than region 2. As we can see in this table, the level of significance of these two areas in terms of the indicators of lighting condition and face detection at night and the condition of urban furniture is calculated to be less than the level of significance (0.05). From the calculated value (0.05), which shows that there is no equality between the variances. The sig value of the T-test item 4 is more than the significant limit, which means that the average difference of the two communities in question is not significant in terms of this variable from the citizens' point of view. It can be argued that there is an average difference between the two communities in question regarding the physical dimension. The calculation of the test shows the average difference in the indices related to the security index, as it can be seen that the sig value of the T test in terms of the gender justice index is greater than the calculated significance level (0.05), which can be argued that the average difference of the two communities in question in terms of this index is meaningful from the point of view of the citizens. is not And the sig value of the T-test of other dimensions is less than the calculated significance limit value, which can be argued that the average difference between the population is significant. Conclusion:       According to the results obtained, region 5 has better conditions than region 2 in terms of social, physical and psychological dimensions, and women feel more secure, and from the conducted tests, it can be concluded that social, physical and psychological dimensions are related to each other. They have a direct relationship and also these dimensions have a direct relationship with women's sense of security in urban public spaces, that is, as the indicators of these dimensions increase, women feel more secure. In this regard, some of the proposals presented in the research are such that it is possible to create people's organizations and form social and cultural institutions, especially institutions centered on women, in order to include as many women as possible and increase the interaction and social support of citizens from each other; Using waste and unused spaces in order to create interactive spaces and the participation of all classes for the dynamism and activity of the population and the increase and improvement of neighborhood relations; Private sector investment in temporary commercial activities on different days, including bazaars and bazaars with a focus on supporting women, such as bazaars for the supply of home business goods, such as handicrafts, etc.; Preventing the game exchange and land speculation, building the aggregation of small parts and increasing mixed and mixed uses for diversity of use and easier access for women in the area; Increasing awareness and civic participation by holding public meetings and consultations through the convergence and integration of residents and the use of cultural commonalities to control social harms at the neighborhood level in order to give citizens a sense of belonging to their place of residence. Manuscript profile

Tourism has many positive and negative effects on economic, social, cultural and environmental fields. Today, the beach is the destination of many tourists and due to the high social demand, these areas are constantly exposed to destruction. One of the effective factors to prevent this issue is people's environmental behavior. The environmental behavior of coastal destination’s residents is strongly affected by tourism activities because they understand better its harmful effects. This study examines the factors affecting the responsible environmental behavior of the residents of the coastal city of Babolsar. The research is practical based on purpose and descriptive-analytical based on nature for which 308 residents of Babolsar were selected as a statistical sample through Morgan's table. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire in which validity and reliability were checked through SmartPLS3 software. The findings showed that the perceived benefit has no effect on compliance of environmental responsible behavior that significant level is 0/154, but it has an effect on promotion of environmental responsible behavior that significant level is 0/011. Also perceived cost doesn’t affect on both promotion of environmental responsible behavior that significant level is 0/123 and compliance of environmental responsible behavior that significant level is 0/719. Place dependence affects both perceived benefit that significant level is 0/000 and perceived cost that significant level is 0/001. In addition, place dependence has an effect on the compliance of environmental responsible behavior that significant level is 0/027, and vice versa, it has no effect on the promotion of this behavior that significant level is 0/411. Also, the place identity has an effect on the promotion of environmental responsible behavior that significant level is 0/003, and vice versa, it has no effect on compliance of this behavior that significant level is 0/135. The place identity has an effect on the compliance of environmental responsible behavior through place dependence that significant level is 0/028. In addition, place dependence is effective in promotion of environmental responsible behavior through perceived benefit that significant level is 0/037. Finally, the results showed that education, birthplace, length of stay, age and current and past economic participation of residents cause their different perceptions. Extended Abstract Introduction:       The tourism industry has many effects on the economic, social-cultural and environmental fields. Due to the high demand for coastal tourism destinations and activities, these types of areas are exposed to destruction. Environmental responsible behavior includes behaviors that contribute to the sustainability and prosperity of destinations by reducing negative environmental effects and sustainable using of resources. Residents of coastal areas observe closely the harmful environmental effects, and they have a higher level of awareness about tourism. If their attitude leads to their support of tourism activities, the simultaneous satisfaction of the tourist and the host community will realize the sustainable development of tourism. Place attachment which is an emotional relationship between people, communities and place motivates people to pay attention about the environment and encourage others to do the same. During recent years, the Babolsar was exposed to many environmental problems that could be seen even in the seasons of tourism decline. Therefore, it is important to examine the sustainable behavior of its residents. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of residents' attitude and place attachment on their environmental responsible behavior. Methodology:       The research is descriptive-analytical based on nature and practical based on purpose. The statistical population of the research are the residents of Babolsar city. After estimating the sample size through the Morgan method and considering the limitations caused by the outbreak of the coronavirus epidemic at the time of the research, it was possible to reach 308 people. The documentary-library method was used to study the past evidence and to compile the theoretical foundations and literature review. Then the conceptual model was designed. The tool of data collection was the researcher made questionnaire, and its validity was confirmed by the experts. The items of the questionnaire were extracted from past studies, and its reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient after the final designing. SPSS and PLS software were used to analyze the data. Results and discussion: T-test was used to estimate the correlation between variables. Based on this test, if the absolute value of the t-statistic between two variables becomes greater than 1.96 and its significance level becomes less than 0.05, there is a significant relationship between the two variables at the 95% confidence level. The results showed that the perceived benefit has no effect on compliance of environmental responsible behavior, but it has a significant effect on promotion of environmental responsible behavior. Perceived cost has effect neither on compliance of environmental responsible behavior nor on promotion of environmental responsible behavior.  Place dependence has a significant effect on both perceived benefit and perceived cost. Place dependence has the effect on compliance of environmental responsible behavior while there is no relationship between place dependence and promotion of environmental responsible behavior. The place identity has no effect on compliance environmental responsible behavior, but it has a significant effect on promotion of environmental responsible behavior. The place dependence can play a mediating role in the relationship between place identity and compliance of environmental responsible behavior, but it can’t play a mediating role in the relationship between place identity and promotion of environmental responsible behavior. Perceived benefit doesn’t play a mediating role between place dependence and compliance of environmental responsible behavior, but this variable plays a mediating role between place dependence and promoting environmental responsible behavior. Perceived cost plays mediating role neither in the relationship between place dependence and compliance of environmental responsible behavior nor in the relationship between place dependence and promotion of environmental responsible behavior. Finally, the goodness of fit index of the model (0.342) showed that the model has strong predictive power. The eta correlation coefficient was used to prove the relationship between the education, birthplace, length of life, age and economic participation in tourism with the attitude of residents. The results of the relationship of each of the variables with the attitude showed a number higher than 0.3 which shows that there is a significant relationship between each of these demographic characteristics with the attitude of the residents. Conclusion:       In examining the relationship between the perceived benefit and the dimensions of environmental responsible behavior, there is only a significant relationship between the perceived benefit and the promotion of environmental responsible behavior. There is no relationship between perceived cost and dimensions of the environmental responsible behavior. It is suggested to provide useful information about the benefits of tourism to the residents through the media. Citizens' rights should be taken into account in planning, and integrated planning should be made with their participation. Place dependence affected both perceived benefit and perceived cost. More attention should be paid to citizens' suggestions regarding various problems in the city. In examining the effect of place dependence on the dimensions of the environmental responsible behavior, only the relationship between place dependence and compliance of environmental responsible behavior is proven. It is suggested to consider events with the participation of residents in which rewards are given to people who are supporters of the environment. In examining the effect of place identity on the dimensions of environmental responsible behavior, only a positive relationship between place identity and promotion of environmental responsible behavior is proven. In examining the mediating role of place dependence in the relationship between place identity and environmental responsible behavior, only this relationship is proved that place identity through place dependence has an effect on compliance of environmental responsible behavior. It is suggested that the urban elements that express the identity of the residents should always be preserved and improved. In examining the mediating role of attitude in the relationship between place attachment and environmental responsible behavior, only the mediating role of perceived benefit between place attachment and the promotion of environmental responsible behavior is confirmed. It is suggested to provide educational programs in which the importance of environmental behaviors is clarified for people. Finally, the results of the surveys showed that each of education, birthplace, length of life, age and economic activity has a great impact on people's attitude toward tourism development. Therefore, it is suggested that the effect of these factors should also be investigated as a moderating variable in future researches. Manuscript profile

High-rise construction is one of the methods of providing urban housing, and nowadays, the examination of their responsiveness in providing the quality of life for residents has been more and more noticed by designers and researchers. The current research, which is of a descriptive-analytical type and was prepared using a survey method, while identifying the effective factors in spatial attachment including "form-physical", "perceptual-emotional" and "activity-functional" and ranking them It deals with the level of residential satisfaction. These components in the formal-physical index include the components of "presence ability", "desired quality", "suitable density", "collective spaces" and "indicative places", in the perceptual-emotional index including the components of "duration of residence". "marital status", "personal income", "gender" and "occupation". The components of "memorable local events", "social interactions", "special activities", "suitability of activity to needs" and "cooperation" are also included in the sub-components of the activity-functional factor. The case study of this research is the Aseman residential complex in Tabriz, and its statistical population consists of the residents of this complex. The results of the surveys show that the perceptual-emotional factor with an average score of (3.610) and the formal-physical factor with an average score of (2.932) had the greatest and least impact on creating attachment to a place, respectively. The components of "presence" (3.02) from the formal-physical factor, "duration of residence" (3.73) from the perceptual-emotional factor and "memorable local events" (3.62) from the activity-functional factor have the highest score. among the relevant sub-components. Also, the findings show that there is a significant relationship between the effective factors in creating attachment and people's satisfaction with living in high-rise buildings. This means that the higher the quality of these components and the higher the level of people's understanding of them, the greater the attachment to the place. In proportion to this promotion of the sense of belonging in people, their level of satisfaction with living in high-rise buildings increases. According to the findings of the research, it is suggested that architects, designers and urban planners in the design of residential complexes, all the effective indicators on creating spatial attachment, including physical (form and composition, natural elements, lighting, visibility and access and ...), activities (social welfare, commercial, recreational and transportation services, diversity of activities, etc.) should be taken into consideration more in advance and provide the basis for the positive impact of individual and social indicators in order to achieve satisfaction. Residents will increase from living in high-rise residential complexes Extended Abstract Introduction:       As one of the important indicators of sustainable urban development, the housing category, if unhealthy, endangers the health and quality of life of a wide range of people in the society and consequently the health of the city. Regarding high-rise buildings and their level of satisfaction, many researchers believe that one of the effects of living in complexes with high population density and unfavorable environmental quality is the weakening of social ties between residents, which itself is the basis for reducing stable communication, non-participation, decreasing the sense of belonging and gradual deterioration of these collections. High-rise construction is one of the methods of providing urban housing, and nowadays, the examination of their responsiveness in providing the quality of life for residents has been more and more noticed by designers and researchers. In Iran, residential complexes in different forms are used as a solution to provide housing, but the examination of the response rate of these complexes to ensure the quality of life for the residents has not been given much attention. Measuring housing satisfaction is complex and depends on many factors. Regarding high-rise buildings and their level of satisfaction, many researchers believe that one of the effects of living in complexes with high population density and unfavorable environmental quality is the weakening of social ties between residents, which itself is the basis for reducing stable communication, non-participation, decreasing the sense of belonging and gradual deterioration of these collections. Given that satisfaction, like human nature, is a complex phenomenon with diverse and different indicators, in the present research, the effective factors in place dependence and satisfaction of citizens from living in high-rise buildings were investigated. The factors influencing the creation of a sense of belonging to a place can be considered to be caused by the person and the surrounding environment (with all its characteristics). This is the case with the factors of the "environmental" and the factors that are affected by the social factors, and the social factors. Local cooperation and local visas create memories, etc., and personal factors include mental images and personal characteristics, etc. Such as mental images, satisfaction, security, relationships, expectations and previous belongings, and personal characteristics have the factors of job, type of residence, reference culture and length of stay. Methodology: The current research, which is of a descriptive-analytical type and was prepared using a survey method, while identifying the effective factors in spatial attachment including "form-physical", "perceptual-emotional" and "activity-functional" and ranking them It deals with the level of residential satisfaction. These components in the formal-physical index include the components of "presence ability", "desired quality", "suitable density", "collective spaces" and "indicative places", in the perceptual-emotional index including the components of "duration of residence". "marital status", "personal income", "gender" and "occupation". The components of "memorable local events", "social interactions", "special activities", "suitability of activity to needs" and "cooperation" are also included in the sub-components of the activity-functional factor. The case study of this research is the Aseman residential complex in Tabriz, and its statistical population consists of the residents of this complex. The questions raised around each indicator were prepared and completed by the statistical community based on the five-point Likert scale. In order to determine the validity of the questionnaire, the content validity method was used qualitatively. The reliability of the questionnaires was also evaluated using Cronbach's alpha calculation method equal to (0.876). Finally, the collected data were processed with SPSS software at two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics and analyzed with Pearson's correlation coefficient test.   Results and discussion: The results of the surveys show that the perceptual-emotional factor with an average score of (3.610) and the formal-physical factor with an average score of (2.932) had the greatest and least impact on creating attachment to a place, respectively. The components of "presence" (3.02) from the formal-physical factor, "duration of residence" (3.73) from the perceptual-emotional factor and "memorable local events" (3.62) from the activity-functional factor have the highest score. among the relevant sub-components. Also, the findings show that there is a significant relationship between the effective factors in creating attachment and people's satisfaction with living in high-rise buildings. This means that the higher the quality of these components and the higher the level of people's understanding of them, the greater the attachment to the place. In proportion to this promotion of the sense of belonging in people, their level of satisfaction with living in high-rise buildings increases. In the interpretation of these findings, it can be pointed out that the satisfaction of citizens has a deep relationship with a person's understanding and feeling about an object, subject, place, etc. Events, images, people and belongings in an environment create a memory and mentality in a person and cause feelings such as happiness, enthusiasm, sadness, sadness and memories in a person, which is associated with the creation of attachment. Form-physical factors as well as activity-functional factors, although each of them has some kind of effect in creating a memory and place attachment, but considering that the form-physical factors undergo changes over time, such as additions, colors and lighting, etc. and the activity-functional factors also cause the removal and addition of some activities by changing the use and converting some spaces into future needed spaces to other factors. Conclusion:      In a general summary and according to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that all three mentioned factors had a positive effect in creating a sense of belonging and place attachment, but the effect of perceptual-emotional factors was better. So, It is suggested that architects, designers and urban planners in the design of residential complexes, all the effective indicators on creating spatial attachment, including physical (form and composition, natural elements, lighting, visibility and access and ...), activities (social welfare, commercial, recreational and transportation services, diversity of activities, etc.) should be taken into consideration more in advance and provide the basis for the positive impact of individual and social indicators in order to achieve satisfaction residents will increase from living in high-rise residential complexes. Manuscript profile

Energy is one of the important and effective indicators in the direction of sustainable urban development; Because sustainable development aims to meet human needs and strives to preserve the environment. Therefore, it is impossible to ignore the relationship and effects of optimal energy management in different parts of the city. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects and factors of reducing energy consumption in the sustainable development of Shiraz city. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on field data. The data collection tool is a questionnaire. The statistical population consists of 1,565,572 citizens of Shiraz. Based on Cochran's formula, the sample size was determined to be 384 people. Also, 21 related experts were used for interviews to identify and analyze the factors of reducing energy consumption in Shiraz city. The structural and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed as well as the reliability with Cronbach's alpha above 0. 70. The results show that the factors of reducing energy consumption in sustainable urban development include 20 indicators, which are in total through factor analysis in 5 categories including urban body and form (39. 05), expansion of urban public services (21. 25), use Renewable energy (10. 92), improvement of social indicators (8. 55) and climate adaptation (7. 25) were recognized. Also, based on the content analysis, reducing energy consumption in sustainable urban development has 12 major effects, which using structural equation modeling, this effect is equal to 0. 76. The modeling results show that the most effective reduction of energy consumption on sustainable urban development is related to the improvement of the consumption pattern with a total effect value of 0. 88, followed by environmental protection with an effect of 0. 85, an increase in urban investment resources with an effect of 0. 83, and consumption Optimum energy in the building sector with a total effect of 0. 82. Extended Abstract Introduction: The formation, maintenance and development of a city based on the sustainable development approach requires various indicators. In fact, due to the nature of integration and correlation of various indicators in the sustainable development approach, one cannot hope for the realization of sustainable development in a city except in the shadow of attention and planning based on various economic, social and environmental indicators. In this regard, one of the indicators that has a wide connection with sustainable development and preservation of the environment and various resources is the energy index. Today, with the expansion of population, urbanization and large industries, a large part of energy is consumed in cities. In many cases, the amount of energy consumption in different parts of the city is more than the standard amount, and this issue has created many challenges. Considering the importance of the subject, exploration in various sectors of sustainable urban development and energy consumption is very important and undeniable. A large part of the sustainable development of Iranian cities can be realized by reducing energy consumption; Because energy and its optimal consumption play an important role in different parts of the development of cities. This impact can be seen in various fields of services, environmental management, urban traffic, construction management and buildings, etc. In this research, the aim is to identify and then analyze the effects and factors of reducing energy consumption in sustainable urban development, which was investigated in the case of Shiraz. The city of Shiraz has a special geographical, service, tourism and industrial position, and its multiple role-playing causes the effects of reducing energy consumption in the development of this city to be known and the related factors to be identified. Methodology: The research method is descriptive-analytical in nature and practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study included the citizens of Shiraz and experts familiar with the subject. The population of this city was equal to 1565572 people according to the latest statistics available to the researcher and based on the population and housing census of 2015. Based on Cochran's formula, the statistical sample was calculated as 384 people and the sampling method was random. A statistical sample of 21 experts was also selected. Data collection methods are in two forms: library (documents) and field (survey). The tools of data collection were questionnaires and interviews. The interview method has been used to identify the factors of reducing energy consumption in sustainable urban development and in order to prepare a questionnaire. The structural and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through the elite community, and reliability was also confirmed with Cronbach's alpha above 0. 70. For analysis, the data are summarized, coded and categorized and finally processed to provide the basis for analyzes and connections between these data in order to answer the questions. SPSS and AMOS software were used for data analysis. Quantitative methods were used to measure and analyze the data, which included structural equation modeling and factor analysis. In the method of structural equations, based on the drawn model based on theoretical foundations, various indicators have been placed in the model and the effectiveness of each of the resilience indicators has been determined. Results and discussion: The measurement of sustainable urban development indicators through the T-Tech test shows that except for a few employment indicators of citizens with a significance level of 0. 222; Access of citizens to technology and technology with a significance level of 0. 071 and participation of citizens in city management with a significance level of 0. 055, other indicators were significant at a level less than 0. 05 and equal to 0. 000. Examining the significance direction according to the average indicates that sustainable development indicators include quality of life (2. 882), youth employment (2. 078), economic efficiency (2. 291), poverty reduction (2. 289), improvement of lifestyle Life and consumption pattern (2/085), participation of citizens in city management (2/752), use of clean energy (solar and. . ) (2/205), prevention of excessive city growth (2/362) Preservation of historical and cultural monuments (2/057), preventing the destruction of the city's environment (1/966), air pollution management (2/151) and appropriate distribution of uses (2/640) are in a weak state and this Indicators need serious planning. Also, the result shows that the three indicators of citizens' access to technology and technology with an average of 3. 114, citizens' access to appropriate education with an average of 3. 323 and access to appropriate medical and health centers with an average of 3. 625 are in an average situation and In fact, compared to other indicators of sustainable development in Shiraz, they have more suitable conditions. The results show that the factors for reducing energy consumption in sustainable urban development included 20 indicators. At the level of variables, the highest factor loading was related to the building density factor with a value of 0. 926. Also, two factors of using intelligent energy consumption control systems with a factor load of 0. 920 and using wind energy with a factor load of 0. 910 are known in the second and third ranks. These 20 indicators in total through factor analysis in 5 categories including urban body and form (39/05), expansion of urban public services (21/25), use of renewable energy (10/92), improvement of social indicators (55) 8. ) and climate adaptation (7. 25) were categorized. Also, based on the content analysis, reducing energy consumption in sustainable urban development has 12 major effects, which using structural equation modeling, this effect is equal to 0. 76. In total, it can be said that the 12 examined indicators, including the prosperity of production and economic activities, reducing urban pollution, reducing household expenses, improving the quality of urban life, improving the consumption pattern, increasing access to services, reducing greenhouse gases and etc. can be effective in improving sustainable urban development. Examining the effectiveness of 12 indicators in sustainable urban development shows that the total effect value is 0. 76, and in total, the reviewed indicators can explain about 76% of the variance, role-playing and positive effects in the sustainable urban development of Shiraz. According to the results of this model, the most effective is related to the improvement of the consumption pattern with an explanation of 0. 88. The urban environment preservation index has an explanatory power of 0. 85, the increase of investment has an explanatory power of 0. 83, the optimal energy consumption in the building sector has an explanatory power of 0. 82, and the reduction of household expenses also has an explanatory power of 0. 79 in the field of improving sustainable urban development. Conclusion:  In general, it can be concluded that optimal energy consumption and its reduction can be effective in the sustainable development of Shiraz city, and this influence is realized through different patterns and indicators. Also, the result shows that the effects and factors of reducing energy consumption in various economic, social and environmental dimensions show their effectiveness and therefore affect various dimensions of sustainable urban development. Considering these points, the important role of optimizing energy consumption in the development of Shiraz cannot be ignored. In this regard, it is suggested that 1- local (traditional) patterns should be emphasized in order to reduce energy consumption in the buildings of this city in terms of architecture, form, etc. 2- In order to reduce energy consumption in the building sector and achieve sustainable development, it is suggested Incentive schemes for citizens can be strengthened in order to optimize energy consumption. 3- It is suggested that the costs of reducing the optimal energy consumption should be spent in the urban services sector so that citizens can see the results of their optimal consumption in the energy sector. 4- It is suggested that in order to optimize energy consumption and sustainable development of the city Shiraz, the smart infrastructure sector of this city should be upgraded. 5- It is suggested that suitable financial and credit facilities for citizens to use solar energy should be emphasized and planned. 6- It is suggested that the educational dimension related to energy consumption at the level of Shiraz city neighborhoods and in public places. be explained to the citizens. Manuscript profile

One of the most important elements in the emergence and creation of urban morphology is spatial-spatial factors, which can be influenced by different dimensions, which is the case in Shahrekord due to the limitation of the horizontal development of the city, as well as the clutter of the body. The city is not in a good condition. In this regard, this research aims to identify and investigate the role of spatial-spatial factors on the emergence and morphology of urban settlements (a case study of Shahrekord). The statistical population includes 135 specialists, experts and university professors related to the subject of the research in Shahrekord, 100 of whom were randomly selected as a statistical sample based on Cochran's formula. In order to analyze the collected data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods, frequency tables, and Pearson's correlation and regression tests have been used. And analysis and charts have been done using SPSS and Excel software. The results show that the expansion of the market and the existence of universities, and the creation of new settlements around the old Shahrekord, encroachment on agricultural land, and extensive migrations have caused the expansion of the city, and the change of its form and structure. that spatial-spatial factors, environmental factors and geographic factors have played a significant role in this change of shape and structure, and there is a significant relationship between the research variables and the development and morphology of Shahrekord. Extended Abstract Introduction: The discussion of urban space is one of the most attractive concerns in the field of urban planning, which has attracted many thinkers in this field and has focused their attention on it. Throughout history, human perception and accordingly his definition of space and urban space have undergone tremendous changes. Today, basically, the social dimension urban space is known from the definition of mere space; Although still, the main recognition, analysis and design of space in cities is done with more emphasis on aesthetic aspects and relying on formalist theories, and less attention is paid to the content. In the following, the role of spatial-spatial factors on the emergence and morphology of Shahrekord urban settlements has been investigated. Urban morphology, systematic reviews of form, shape, map, structure and functions of the urban context and the origin and evolution of the texture way, over time. Morphology, meaning "plan, buildings, users, street, maps, urban landscape" is. What mostly in urban geography, deal with it, in fact investigating the spatial dimensions of urban development, urban and inter-urban between the two views. In this regard, this study as to identify and investigate the role of spatial, urban settlements on the genesis and morphology (case study Shahrekord), respectively. Methodology: The study population included all individuals of Shahrekord living, a random sampling of 100 randomly selected. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, frequency tables and Pearson correlation and regression test was used. And analysis and charts, using SPSS and Excel software have been conducted. Results and discussion: Results indicate that, market expansion and universities and the creation of new settlements around the old Branch and the development of the city and change the form, and structure it. That spatial factors, environmental factors and geographical factors, play a significant role in this transformation and restructuring have. And the assumptions of research, development and morphology Shahrekord, there is a significant relationship. In general, spatial-spatial factors have had an impact on the emergence and morphology of Shahrekord, in such a way that the extent of the expansion of the city, the amount of population, proximity and distance to heights and springs, as well as many environmental and climatic factors, play a role in this context. have had and the location of this city shows these things well. Geographical location and environmental factors have also influenced the emergence and morphology of the city, and there is a positive and significant relationship between the spatial-spatial factors and the emergence of Shahrekord. The old texture of Shahrekord had a regular structure in the past, and the gradual development and expansion of the city did not cause any damage to its entire texture and structure at the same time. Despite the existence of the market, the ancient tissue had this main function as the main and essential economic element of maintaining the tissue, and the structure of the tissue was not a problem for this function, because the historical tissue was so organic that it had a physical response for every use need in the past. , but over time and during the changes that happened to the fabric, the structure and body of the city's centuries-old fabric suffered a lot of damage and losses. Conclusion: In the context of the origin of Shahrekord, it should be mentioned that this city was first known as a settlement called Dehkord, which due to the natural location of the region and the southern meadow of the Dehkord Plain, it can be assumed that they were mainly engaged in animal husbandry, perhaps the word " "Kurd" means shepherd, herdsman is taken from the first name of the inhabitants of this area. Due to the good location in terms of water and the importance of the area, it is very good for ranchers and nomads and pastures, and the weather is very suitable in terms of temperature in the hot months of the year, it is very bright. This city is located in the fence of different heights, and the development of the city has been from the Dehkord plain towards the heights and often towards the north and south. Studies have shown that parts of the city are more at risk of floods and earthquakes, for example, the northern part of the city, which is located near the Rokh fault, is more exposed to earthquakes, and the southern part is more prone to floods. Also, the average results show that the development of the city is currently taking place in parts that threaten the city with various natural hazards such as floods and earthquakes. Until now, the implementation of renovation and improvement projects in the dilapidated fabric of the city are not implemented, except in the areas that are beneficial for the individuals and organizations responsible for the implementation of the plan, and so far, only a small part of these areas have been renovated and improved, and other areas Until now, except for the dilapidated ones, which the municipality bought at low prices, and uses them as public parking lots (in the case that in many cases, it has been observed that many of these parking lots are used as a place for street vendors) has been converted). Due to the low economic conditions of the residents, it has not been implemented yet, and also the expansion of the market and the existence of universities and the creation of new settlements around the old Shahrekord have caused the expansion of the city and the change of its form and structure. that spatial-spatial factors, environmental factors and geographical factors have played a significant role in this change of shape and structure. Manuscript profile

Today, the development of tourism in various destinations is considered important and has many positive effects. Therefore, the countries that benefit from potential abilities in this field, are continuously trying to allocate a suitable share of the tourism markets by branding. The purpose of the research was to explain the evaluation of internal marketing and environmental citizenship behavior on the development of urban tourism with the role of mediator of urban branding. The research method is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive of correlation type according to the method of data collection. The statistical population of the research includes the citizens of Tehran province in 2023, which were divided into north, south, west, east and center regions. Using Cochran's formula, 384 people were selected as a sample and 420 questionnaires were distributed and 403 questionnaires were collected. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which was 0.804. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and Smart PLS software. The findings indicate that internal marketing, urban marketing, city image and environmental citizenship behavior have been effective on urban branding. Also, urban branding has a significant impact on the development of urban tourism. In this research, urban branding has the greatest impact on the development of urban tourism with a score of (8.931) and environmental citizenship behavior has had the least impact on urban branding with a score of (3.570). Extended Abstract Introduction: Today, the tourism industry is considered as one of the most diverse and largest industries in the world, as it is the main source of foreign exchange income, creating social justice, employment, increasing welfare, cultural growth and a basis for the growth of the private sector and infrastructure development. Economists consider the tourism industry to be the third growing and dynamic economic phenomenon after the oil and automobile industry, Therefore, the development of tourism as a set of economic measures has a great effect on strengthening the foundations of societies, especially from an economic perspective. Today, the growth and promotion of tourism has been widely accepted and placed on the agenda of the government, especially in developing countries. Tourism development provides direct and indirect job opportunities and reduces the government budget deficit. At the same time, it increases the income from taxes for the implementation of economic activities. Tehran province, despite its very rich local, social, cultural, geographical and even economic capabilities, is neglected compared to many provinces of the country, especially the neighboring provinces, and has not been given the attention it should be. The field investigations and also the evidence show that, unfortunately, due to the lack of attention to the tourism industry in Tehran province, the per capita income of this province is almost insignificant. Also, due to the lack of proper management and planning of tourism in Tehran, Tehran is a destination for tourists, which does not bring any special tourism income for the province. This is despite the fact that if the government as well as the Tehran Governorate support tourism in Tehran province in a practical way and with all their power, many problems and problems and even social and economic problems such as unemployment will disappear due to this tourism in the province and Tehran feels a renewed spirit in its body. Methodology: The current research is applied based on its purpose and descriptive correlational according to its type, and based on the model, structural equation modeling method should be used. The statistical population of the research includes the citizens of Tehran province in 2023, which were divided into north, south, west, east and center regions. Using Cochran's formula, 384 people were selected as a sample and 415 questionnaires were distributed and 403 questionnaires were collected. The data collection method of this research was done in the library method and using books and articles, and a questionnaire was also used in the field method. Results and discussion: The demographic characteristics of the sample were reported. Also, Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability, average variance extracted (AVE), and coefficient of determination were used to measure the model, which are reported in table two. The average values ​​of the extracted variance of all 7 model constructs are at the optimal level (more than 0.5). The amount of Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability for all the model structures is (more than 0.7), so the questionnaire has a good and acceptable reliability. The value of R2 for the endogenous constructs of the research confirms the appropriateness of the fit of the structural model. The results of the Q2 criterion for the endogenous structure indicate the appropriate predictive power of the model regarding the endogenous constructs of the research and indicate that the fitting model has appropriate and favorable predictive power. The final results of the confirmatory factor analysis are reported in Table 3. Factor loadings greater than 0.5 have good validity. In graphs 1 and 2, factor loading values ​​and significant coefficients for the questions of each variable are given. In confirmatory factor analysis, the minimum value of acceptable factor loadings is 0.3, the average significance level is 0.4, and the values ​​above 0.5 indicate a high correlation level and strong significance between the factor and observed variables. In the significance coefficients (T values), considering that all the numbers on the paths are higher than 1.96, it indicates the significance of the paths, the appropriateness of the structural model and the confirmation of all research hypotheses. Since the three values ​​of 0.01, 0.25 and 0.36 are defined as weak, medium and strong values ​​for GOF and on the other hand, the coefficient is in a favorable situation (0.651), so the results show that that the fit of the model in the statistical population of the research is appropriate. Conclusion: The purpose of this research is to explain the evaluation of internal marketing and environmental citizenship behavior on the development of urban tourism with the mediating role of urban branding. In this research, 5 hypotheses were tested and the results of the hypothesis analysis indicate that internal marketing, urban marketing, city image and environmental citizenship behavior have been effective on urban branding. Also, urban branding has a significant impact on the development of urban tourism. The t test for all hypotheses is greater than 1.96. Therefore, with 95% confidence, the relationship between the variables is significant. Manuscript profile

Smartening is one of the important approaches of urban development that has been strengthened during the last two decades. Population growth and other developments show the importance of planning and smartening cities. On this basis, the metropolises have emphasized the smart approach in order to overcome some challenges and sustainable management in different sectors. The city of Shiraz, as one of the metropolises of the country, needs planning in line with the development of smart city indicators. Therefore, examining the current situation of this city can help the management and development of this city. In this research, the aim is to investigate the extent to which Shiraz city has smart city indicators. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on field data collection. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The statistical community is formed by experts who are knowledgeable about the subject. Based on the snowball method, 96 experts in three areas of this city completed the questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through the elite society and its reliability was also confirmed using Cronbach's alpha more than 0.74. The result showed that the analysis of the results showed that all smart city indicators including economy, movement, citizen, governance, life and smart environment were significant at a level less than 0.05. Based on the results of the T-Tech test, it was found that the index of smart economy (3.432) and smart citizen (3.149) had an average status and the rest of the indicators were evaluated poorly. Also, based on the results of the Friedman test, the best situation is related to the smart economy index with an average rating of 5.04 and the worst situation is related to the governance index with an average of 1.72. In addition, the results of variance analysis confirmed that there is a significant difference between the regions of Shiraz city in terms of four indicators of movement, governance, life and smart environment at a level of less than 0.05. Manuscript profile

Today, due to the rapid growth of urban communities and the complexity of its problems, the role of using new methods of urban management is more important than ever. In this regard, the idea of ​​a creative city is one of the new debates that can lead cities to sustainable development. This idea is able to free cities from existing deadlocks and turn them into a place for talent to flourish and innovate. In this regard, the present study has evaluated and prioritized the ten districts of Tabriz metropolis based on the indicators of the creative city so that the results can meet the needs and shortcomings of this city. The type of research is applied and its research method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the study includes the total population of Tabriz metropolis equal to 1,593,373 people and based on Cochran's formula, 384 people were selected as a statistical sample. To analyze the data, one-sample t-test, Kruskal-Wallis, mean and Chi-square tests were used and in order to rank the regions of Tabriz, the SAW multi-criteria decision model was used.The results of the SAW test show that the status of urban space vitality and participation indicators is better than other indicators of the creative city. Also, region 2 of Tabriz with a final score of 0.171 is in the first place and region 7 with a final score of 0.074 is in the last ranks in terms of creative city indicators among the ten regions of Tabriz metropolis.Extended AbstractIntroduction:The world today is facing the phenomenon of urban growth and urbanization more than ever. So that the present century should be considered the century of globalization of cities. In this regard, the main competition in the process of globalization is more between urban centers than governments and nations (Maleki, & Shanbehpoor, 2019: 78). In the current situation, motivations, talents, dreams, desires and creativity. Citizens are gradually taking the place of traditional urban advantages such as natural resources, location and access to markets. In the future, the city will become a place for the emergence of all kinds of innovations, technologies, creativity and economic context dependent on intangible capital, knowledge and information, which should be in order to strengthen the new contexts of citizenship creativity and proper planning. And tried accordingly (Rafieeyan, & Shabani, 2015: 20).The realization of the creative city is one of the most important goals of modern societies. In this city, city officials provide the social and economic infrastructure and public services in the most up-to-date, efficient and productive way possible. The creative city is not only a space in which creativity grows, but also its management and organization are creatively designed and planned (Rahimi et al, 2013: 10). In recent years in Iran, the creative city approach has been of special interest to experts and city managers, and in order to develop the country's cities, the indicators of this approach have been used extensively. Considering the importance and position of creative industries, creative economy and creative class and recreation of urban space, the main question of the research is that Tabriz metropolis as one of the largest and most important cities in the northwest of the country in terms of realizing the concept of creative city Has it been able to take steps and provide the amount of infrastructure and substrates needed for the creative city to flourish? According to the above, the main purpose of the present study; Measuring the success rate of the ten regions of Tabriz metropolis in achieving the realization of the indicators of the creative city is that in this regard, first the components of the creative city are studied and then using these indicators to rank Ten areas of Tabriz metropolis have been taken action and finally, based on the results obtained and identifying the existing problems, solutions have been proposed to improve the existing conditions.MethodologyThis research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature and method. In order to collect the required data, both library and field studies (observation, questionnaire, etc). Have been used. The statistical population includes all citizens living in the city of Tabriz, which is equal to 1,593,373 people (in 2016). Also, using the Cochran's formula, 384 people were selected as a sample by simple random sampling. In the questionnaire prepared to rank the regions of Tabriz, the five main dimensions of the creative city, which are: participation, diversity of urban space, efficiency and effectiveness, communication technology, vitality of urban space are examined for each of the five dimensions, five indicators and a total Twenty-five indicators have been considered, the validity of which has been confirmed by university professors and urban affairs experts, and the reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha test of 0.703, which indicates its reliability. One-sample t-test, Kruskal-Wallis, mean and Chi-square tests were used to analyze the data and answer the research question. Then, SAW multi-criteria decision model was used to rank the ten districts of Tabriz metropolis.Results and discussionThe results of the study of the status of the indicators of the creative city in the metropolis of Tabriz, show that the status of all the indicators of the creative city such as; Participation with the statistic of -19.008, urban spatial diversity with the statistic of -13.94, efficiency and effectiveness with the statistic of -10.73, communication technology with the statistic of -8.26 and the vitality of the urban space with -5.58 lower than Numerical utility is estimated to be 3. Thus, it should be said that the situation of the creative city is not favorable from the citizens' point of view and requires careful and logical attention and planning by the officials and those in charge of urban development. According to Kruskal-Wallis test, the indicators of urban space vitality and participation are better than other indicators of creative city. Also, based on the ranking obtained from SAW technique, region 2 of Tabriz with a final score of 0.171, region 3 with a final score of 0.109 and region 1 with a final score of 0.106 in the first to third ranks in terms of city indicators Creative and Region 10 with a final score of 0.071 and Region 7 with a final score of 0.074 are in the last ranks in terms of indicators of the creative city among the ten regions of Tabriz metropolis.As a result, Tabriz metropolitan areas 2 and 3 are in very good condition, districts 1 and 4 are in good condition, districts 8 and 6 are in average condition, districts 5 and 9 are in poor condition and districts 10 and 7 are in very poor condition in terms of indicators. Creative cities are located among the ten districts of Tabriz metropolis.ConclusionBased on the results of the present study, in general, it can be said that the new methods of urban management and planning in the management of modern cities have a special place that without considering this, it will not be possible to solve the problems of cities. In this regard, the study of creative city indicators as one of the new methods that has been studied on a case-by-case basis in Tabriz, indicates that the city of Tabriz is far from reaching the appropriate level of creative city indicators. There are many that cannot be solved without the attention of the officials and managers of urban affairs in Tabriz and the full participation of residents. Because the most basic indicators discussed in relation to the creative city are mainly issues related to urban management issues such as creating spatial diversity, promoting and developing the use of new technologies, increasing urban vitality, etc., and on the other hand in relation to the participation index. Citizens can play an effective role in improving the situation of Tabriz city in terms of having creative city indicators by actively participating in urban affairs. Manuscript profile

Today, the issue of worn-out textures is one of the main issues of urban planning. Cultural Reconstruction is a new approach to urban regeneration that seeks to rebuild the city and neighborhood by taking advantage of the socio-cultural characteristics and advantages of each region and to create a distinct physical physical space based on the local culture and characteristics of the residents. Create that special place. This approach has a positive effect on the economy and job creation in cities and can increase social cohesion and the tourism industry in the city and reduce crime. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and is based on documentary and field studies. In the qualitative part of the research, the data of the semi-structured interview were analyzed using contextual theory. The research findings indicate that from the residents' point of view, regeneration depends on social and economic dynamism and vitality. In this regard, categories such as ease of theft and recklessness, safety and security, unemployment and poverty, built space, social, participation of residents and the view of officials, cultural and historical, economic facilities, equipment and services are influential. Also, the presence or absence of trust and motivation has a special effect on the way residents look at the future and the neighborhood. In the quantitative part of this research, by compiling a questionnaire and completing them by residents and experts, by analyzing the results of the questionnaire data and using Friedman and correlation tests, the research findings show that the cultural index has gained the first rank. The existence of cultural potential (tangible and intangible heritage) is a good omen for cultural re-creation. Among the indicators, the environmental index is ranked last. The climatic conditions of Urmia as well as the interest of citizens in nature and agriculture are two elements that can be improved with the efforts of more designers and officials. Also, the social component has gained the second rank, which indicates the high potential of social capital in the historical context of Urmia.Extended Abstract Introduction:      Security is one of the most important components affecting the quality of urban spaces. Today, most of these spaces, which are the center of social interactions of residential contexts, have become merely transitory channels without social life. With the reduction of residents' sense of belonging and the lack of public oversight, the above spaces have become places for committing various crimes. Any solution to restore and improve the safety and security and environmental efficiency of the old fabric of historic cities, requires a comprehensive view of the whole and the body of the city to be able to create an integrated view. The number of existing problems and the variety of decision-making centers in general have made this problem seem to be an insurmountable impasse in most cities of Iran. Inhomogeneous and unbalanced distribution of services in the city and especially in the historical centers of cities, uncoordinated growth of residential areas, urban facilities and equipment, population growth, unbalanced distribution of population in the city and lack of hierarchy consistent with today's life in urban arteries, lack of attention Social and cultural issues in the contexts are among the issues that each of them has an important impact on the formation of cities in Iran today, the need for rational payment and the revival of historical centers and rational load on these areas. May. What has turned the old urban fabric into a problematic node is physical deterioration over time, followed by social and cultural vulnerability. Problems and limitations such as incompatibility of body and activity, the existence of inconsistent urban elements, a small per capita use of some uses such as leisure, cultural and parking spaces, lack of proper hierarchy in the communication network and lack of permeability into organic tissue, Incompatible uses and traffic absorption, lack of public spaces suitable for the formation of social interactions, disruption in the land use system, some environmental pollution, gradual outflow of capital and activity reduce the importance and value of the historical context and identity of cities It has led to the departure of groups with high financial power and a sense of belonging to it, and has been replaced by low-income groups that lack a sense of place and space.In recent years, regeneration is considered as a new way to get out of the problems in valuable historical contexts, which facilitates the process of regeneration in three areas by improving and developing unique features of the place, such as historical and cultural values. It will be physical, economic and social. Today, culture has a more effective role not only in creating employment, urban regeneration and social cohesion, not only due to its inherent mission in promoting human rights and shaping collective knowledge and improving the quality of life.Methodology:      The present research in terms of purpose, the present research is considered as a category of basic-applied research and in terms of nature and method, this study is a combination of descriptive-analytical methods. Using library studies, documents and theoretical foundations related to the subject and foreign examples were collected. Using field studies, statistical and descriptive data required for research were collected using the question. Letters, interviews, field observations and impressions are covered. In this research, using the principles of grounded theory method (grounded theory), data collection by snowball method has continued until theoretical saturation. The method of data analysis and theory explanation is based on the coding process including open coding, axial coding and selective (selective) coding. ). Research information and data were obtained from a statistical sample using a semi-structured interview. The content analysis of the interviews was done in a regular and at the same time tedious process of data comparison, and for this purpose, a three-step process was used according to the approach of Strauss and Corbin. Also, for quantification, the questionnaire method and tests of SPSS software are used.Results and discussion:      In the qualitative part of the research, the data of the semi-structured interview were analyzed using contextual theory. The research findings indicate that from the residents' point of view, regeneration depends on social and economic dynamism and vitality. In this regard, categories such as ease of theft and recklessness, safety and security, unemployment and poverty, built space, social, participation of residents and the view of officials, cultural and historical, economic facilities, equipment and services are influential. Also, the presence or absence of trust and motivation has a special effect on the way residents look at the future and the neighborhood. In a small part of this research, by compiling a questionnaire and completing them by residents and experts, by analyzing the results of the questionnaire data and using Friedman tests and correlation of results were obtained. Based on the obtained results, the cultural index has obtained the first rank. The existence of cultural potential (tangible and intangible heritage) is a good omen for recreating the underlying culture. Among the indicators, the environmental index is ranked last. Urmia's climatic conditions as well as citizens' interest in nature and agriculture are two elements that can be improved with the efforts of more designers and officials.Conclusion:       The present study studies the historical context of Urmia, which by extracting the criteria related to safety, security and reconstruction, tries to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the historical context of Urmia and eliminate its shortcomings and improve its spatial status. The existence of cultural potential (tangible and intangible heritage) is a good omen for cultural re-creation. Among the indicators, the environmental index is ranked last. Urmia's climatic conditions as well as citizens' interest in nature and agriculture are two elements that can be improved with the efforts of more designers and officials. Also, the social component has gained the second rank, which indicates the high potential of social capital in the historical context of Urmia. Manuscript profile

         Spatial attachment is an emotional connection that people make with certain places that they prefer to stay in and feel safe and secure in. Spatial identity, however, is defined as part of personal identity and is the process by which people describe themselves as belonging to a particular place through interaction with places. Many studies have found a positive association between these variables in populations that have maintained continuous interactions over a long period of time. This article will present a study in which we have compared place attachment and place identity in samples that differ from place to place based on place of birth and length of stay and the size of these links. Despite the fact that the intensity of attachment and identity that is built with the place is hypothetically affected by the size of the environment. In order to explore the differences between the two associations and the size of the environment, we conducted a study in neighborhoods, cities, and homes. The results of the study show possible differences in place attachment and place identity between residents who were born in the city and residents who are originally from other cities. Also, the identity and attachment of the place are the same for the natives, while the people of other places give a higher score for the attachment instead of the identity. The sample includes 208 people (54.8% native and 45.2% from other cities). The results of the study enable us to consider that spatial attachment develops before spatial identity, and the connection to the house is stronger than the connection to the neighborhood, but the attachment and identity to the city is stronger than either. There is a higher level of attachment and identity in the city than at home and less in the neighborhood.Extended AbstractIntroduction:         Spatial attachment is an emotional connection that people make with certain places that they prefer to stay in and feel safe and secure in. Spatial identity, however, is defined as part of personal identity and is the process by which people describe themselves as belonging to a particular place through interaction with places. Many studies have found a positive association between these variables in populations that have maintained continuous interactions over a long period of time. This article will present a study in which we have compared place attachment and place identity in samples that differ from place to place based on place of birth and length of stay and the size of these links. Despite the fact that the intensity of attachment and identity that is built with the place is hypothetically affected by the size of the environment. In order to explore the differences between the two associations and the size of the environment, we conducted a study in neighborhoods, cities, and homes.Methodology:       To examine the primary purpose of the study in general to compare between indigenous and non-indigenous in identity characteristics in three scales of place (home, neighborhood, city) and characteristics of attachment to place in three scales of place (home, neighborhood, city) using From the variance model f of SPSS software, the comparison of means is investigated. Then, in the secondary purpose of the research, the effect of each of the place scales (house, neighborhood, city) on the place identity index and attachment to the place and also the effect of the total place identity index on place attachment by determining the coefficient of each Features of AMOS software will also be discussed. Data collection was done through a questionnaire. The interviews conducted were semi-structured and semi-organized, the main means of inferring information, although the observer of the participant was also used. The statistical population in this study used 250 families who migrated to Shiraz from other cities for various reasons and stayed in this city for different periods of time. The selection of participants with different years of residence helped us to assess the extent of the change in attachment to the environment and their respective spatial identities during the transition during these courses. The questions were formulated in the form of a questionnaire based on key topics and characteristics of attachment to place, spatial identity and transfer process. They gave the supplier. However, there were specific key questions in each set of interviews, allowing for deductive ease. The interviews were one-on-one and then SPSS and AMOS software were used for statistical analysis. According to the answers given for each person, according to the content of the questionnaire, the degree of attachment and identity of the place were examined.Results and discussion:       In evaluating the impact of different scales of house, neighborhood and city on identity among natives and non-natives, we concluded that the highest level of identity among natives compared to the city, then home and finally the least impact on neighborhood and the highest level of identity Mandi in non-natives also had a house relative to the city, then a house and finally to a neighborhood, but as a result of the research, the neighborhood identity in natives is higher than non-natives and also in a native city is higher than non-natives. Its impact on non-natives is greater than that of natives. In evaluating the impact of different scales of home, neighborhood and city on attachment among natives and non-natives, we concluded that the highest degree of attachment among natives to the house, then the neighborhood and finally the least impact on the city and the highest degree of attachment to non-natives. To the house, then the city and finally to the neighborhood, but as a result of research, the degree of attachment of the neighborhood in the natives is higher than non-natives and also in the house of the natives is higher than non-natives, but the identity of the city is more effective in non-natives Is from the natives.In examining the relationship between attachment and identity in both indigenous and non-indigenous cases, it reports a high degree of correlation and the standard values ​​in the research results, reaching the desirability, indicate that the research is standard and the errors are minimal.Conclusion:As belonging to a place grows, people begin to define themselves by place on three scales, on a larger scale such as country or nationality, region, province, city, and on a smaller scale city components such as district, neighborhood, and smaller scale. Workplace, home, room. Neighborhood and communication among people through public values ​​and the length of time individuals live, strengthens social relations and increases the sense of belonging and thus the sense of community. Therefore, residents who live in a place for a long time have enough time to identify a place, so the length of residence potentially increases the attachment to the place. Places and spaces are also potentially important symbols of the person or group that convey the concept of ownership and preserve individual and group aspects of identity, so the physical characteristics of the place are understood and identified for the person through symbols and signs. And it is the community that defines the relationship between place and people and the identity of place, and reinforces mental compatibility, the degree of homogeneity of values ​​and lifestyles that are symbolically expressed by a place with its values ​​and way of life. The more mental compatibility there is, the more likely it is that spatial affiliation will occur. In fact, the socio-cultural meanings of a place connect individuals and groups to the environment. Therefore, in fact, the residential environment or home can be the place of expression of individual identity and the neighborhood and especially the city is the place of manifestation of their social identity. Manuscript profile

Crisis management in flood has a distinctive relationship with urban planning and management subjects. Yearly, floods cause a lot of damage to public and private property as well as loss of life. Inspecting the strengths and weaknesses of crisis management is strongly felt during floods. This research aims to recognize and rank all kinds of crises and organizational strengths and weaknesses. Sadra city, an area that is very prone to floods, has been selected as a case study. Initially, data was collected via interviews, literature review, and distributing questionnaires among 150 crisis management specialists. After that, the SWARA method was used to analyze data, which is one of the most optimum multi-criteria decision-making methods. According to the attained results, 10 strong points and 13 weak points were recognized during the flood crisis. Among these points, the flooding of roads, the blocking of access roads, and the water supply network cut-off were the most significant types of crises, respectively. Likewise, separate and selective maps of the city and quick and easy access to addresses and parts with different uses in any section of the city with a score of 0.1718, the newness of water and sewerage, electricity, gas, and telecommunications networks in the city with a score of 0.1418 and the absence of urban decay in the city or unprincipled and non-technical suburbs were identified as the most important strengths with a score of 0.1183. Besides, according to the respondents, the most important weakness is the rain in a short period with a high volume of runoff with a coefficient of 0.1992, which causes severe damage to tables and urban facilities, and residential houses.Extended AbstractIntroduction:  In the last few years has proved that Iran to be disaster-prone country. Annual damage to public and private property and also loss of life due to the occurrence of these events is entered. Nonetheless, it is observed that crisis management is not conducted completely in Iran. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify and rank all kinds of crisis and weaknesses and strengths of organization. Factors affecting the organizational communication in crisis management were identified. The occurrence of these incidents in our country has taken many victims and caused major damages to the economic and social structure of the country. Past experiences in Iran show that dealing with natural disasters and their complications is a big challenge for the authorities.  The reason for choosing the city of Sadra as a case study was the existence of many crises caused by the flood. Sadra city, as one of the new cities in Fars's province, faces the dangers and problems of the natural environment today. Therefore, it is essential to know the effective factors in reducing flood damage. The most important question of the research is that how and through what process can a suitable to investigate of Influential Factors in Urban Crisis Management During Floods? This research aims to recognize and rank all kinds of crises and organizational strengths and weaknesses. Sadra city, an area that is very prone to floods, has been selected as a case study.Methodology:In terms of purpose, this research is in the field of applied research, and in terms of research method, according to the subject and purpose, it is descriptive-analytical. The method of collecting information in this research is based on library-document studies and field studies. Data was collected through interview, a literature review and a questionnaire survey distributed among 150 crisis management experts. Data analysis was performed using statistical tests and SWARA method.Results and discussion:The results showed that the flooding of roads was the most important crisis in the occurrence of floods in Sadra. The purpose of this research was to fill this research gap by identifying and ranking the strengths and weaknesses of organizations and experts of the crisis management headquarters during the flood crisis in Sadra city in Fars province. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the desired information was obtained through interviews with experts and available documents. Finally, 10 strengths and 13 weaknesses were identified. The results showed that the top three factors in the strengths of flood crisis management in Sadra city include "the availability of all the city's segregation and classification maps and quick and easy access to addresses and parts with different uses in any part of the city" and "the newness of network facilities" "water and sewage-electricity-gas-communications in the city" and "absence of worn-out fabric in the city or unprincipled and non-technical settlements" had scores of 0.1718, 0.1408 and 0.1183, respectively. In addition to this, the results showed that three important weaknesses in crisis management include "rainfall in a short period of time with a high volume of runoff, which causes serious damage to the tables and urban facilities" and "the passage of all runoff after passing through the city's roads to the point of the city boundary line and leaving the city only from two points (Tang Jalab and Dukohak Road) which are the main access roads to the city" and "non-construction of flood dams or calm ponds or delays in the upstream points and the entry of runoff into the city during heavy rains causing stones to flow There is a lot of sand on the surface of the roads and clogging of the canals, as well as causing damage. Another goal of this research was to identify factors affecting organizational communication in crisis management. These identified factors included timely information, correct information, complete information, appropriate information, fast information, communication channels and feedback.Conclusion:It is one of the new cities of Iran and Fars province, which is located 18 kilometers northwest of Shiraz. Due to the occurrence of floods in Sadra city, it is necessary to identify and evaluate effective factors in flood control. By reviewing previous studies, it was observed that limited studies have been conducted in the field of crisis management during floods in Sadra city. The purpose of this research was to fill this research gap by identifying and ranking the strengths and weaknesses of organizations and experts of the crisis management headquarters during the flood crisis in Sadra city in Fars province. One of the goals of this research was to identify the factors affecting organizational communication in crisis management. These identified factors included timely information, correct information, complete information, appropriate information, fast information, communication channels and feedback. The meaning of timely information is that the decision maker gets the necessary information at the time of need. In fact, it should express the latest information about a phenomenon in a timely manner. Facilitate timely access to information to make decisions about how to prevent crises. Appropriate information means that the information can respond to what is requested by the recipient. In general, access to appropriate information is effective in identifying the early signs of a crisis and has helped crisis managers in emergency situations. Correct information means that there are no mistakes or errors in the information and that it provides accurate information to the decision makers. This correct information prevents the recurrence of past crises. The results of this study can be used in determining the appropriate strategy as well as covering the weak points in flood crisis management in Sadra city. Manuscript profile

This urban issue of terminating and ignoring such buildings as heritage of industrial architecture has caused the closure of this constructions, in spite of having an applicable life cycle and architectural principles; however, by some reactions from various institutions and to promote economic and social sustainability, the condition for having a new application and restoration these industrial buildings as a heritage is provided, which are examples of the experiences of adaptability in Iran as the main focus of this research. Therefore, the aim of this research is to review the successful experiences of multi-functional and universal adaptable architecture to compare their strategies with the heritage of industrial experiences in the city of Tehran. In this research, the studies of adaptability for universal samples are considered as the basis for exploring the multi-functional architectural strategies. The approaches include three physical layers of the building structure, facilities and facade, which have been evaluated by using Delphi method on the heritage of industrial architecture in city of Tehran as a statistical population. The non-parametric statistical tests of Cochran's Q test and Friedman's test, were applied to analyze data; the theoretical sampling method for both statistical population (Tehran's industrial architectural heritage) and (relevant experts) was adopted. According to the expert’s ideas, the strategies of two-layered structure and facade in the target buildings were confirmed; according to the data analysis, ‘Argo Factory’ had the highest Degrees of Freedom (df) regarding the structure layer, and in relation to the facade, the ‘Iranian Artists Forum’ with the highest average test rank, showed the highest conformity of the facade and the structure. However, regarding the facilities, no compliance of the facility was found. The industrial architectural heritage of Tehran includes some buildings that reused for another purpose as: Argo Factory (changed to Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre), Iranshahr Barracks (Iranian Artists Forum), Beryank Hosiery Factory (Haftchenar's Museum of Wildlife and Natural Monuments) and Qasr Prison (Qasr Garden Museum/ Museum of the Qasr Prison). The target buildings were ranked according to the data acquired by calculating mean rank for the strategies were applied for each layer. According to the results, two characteristics were found in the industrial buildings that can highly affect the adaptive reuse of the heritage of industrial architecture, 1. the concentration of the structure at the lowest points and limited spaces with more free spaces compared to its counterparts, and 2. the adaptation of the building facade to the structure.Extended AbstractIntroduction:The physical and spatial development of Tehran city has caused the relocation of industrial buildings from sub-urban areas to enclosed dense urban places. This issue has resulted in the closure of the industrial architectural heritage despite having useful structural cycles and architectural values. Economically, this untimely destruction of industrial buildings and closing of the plant, while they could still be in their useful life cycle by repairing at a lower cost, caused unrecoverable damages to the economy of developing countries. Under the light of new urban spaces, the process of industrialization has changed the appearance, landscape, and entity of cities, as the industrial urban spaces could historically link to the past life of cities.The industrial architectural heritage, as an implication for the historical achievements of the territory in the modern age, is required to be recognized and preserved. Protecting the existing values ​​of these lands, which are mainly considered as their contemporary heritage of them, requires a comprehensive assessment for finding their physical elements while finding a new application for them for revitalizing them. Therefore, the multi-functionality and adaptability of these spaces, before and after the renovation, should be considered, which is critical for verifying their application to adaptive reuse. In this regard, several measures have been taken in Iran with the cooperation of some institutions to promote economic and social stability and give new applications to these buildings for revitalizing these abundant spaces. These are examples of adaptability in Iran and the kind of experiences which form the foundation of this research. So, this study aims to investigate the successful universal experiences of multi-functional and adaptive architectures to compare their strategies with similar experiences in the industrial heritage of Tehran city.This research was mainly focused on the following actions: 1. Reusing the buildings that are selected for this purpose and revitalizing the abundant spaces, 2. A better selection of buildings, and improving their new function, and 3. reducing the cost of renovation and revitalizing these buildings. Thereby, the relationship between multi-functional architectural features as an independent variable and adaptive reuse of industrial buildings as a dependent variable has been studied.Methodology:An exploratory research method has been used for this study, in which the survey passed through five phases by adapting the indicators for the target society. In this research, the previous studies and experiences on adaptability in the world were applied as examples for adopting multi-functional architectural strategies, which included three physical layers of the building 'structure', 'facilities', and 'façade'. The gathering data was evaluated by applying the Delphi method to the industrial architectural heritage of Tehran city as a statistical population. To get this, the relevant graph of each layer was sketched for each target building consequently.In the graph of the structure, in addition to the load-bearing constructions, other parts with a high risk of destruction, due to the long life of the target structures, were presented, together with the graph of facilities including restrooms, kitchens, and spaces with access to vertical shafts. Finally, the part of facades presented in the graph, including non-opening and hard parts, such as bricks and masonry components that were either irreplaceable or their replacement brought the risk of destroying the adjacent parts.After accomplishing the first step of Delphi, by using diagrams and analyzing the data acquired, a questionnaire was presented to the interviewee who was experts in the field of architecture, academic professors, architecture Ph.D. researchers, and skillfully experienced architects in the relevant field; following this, the gathering data were examined for next evaluation to determine the positive and negative opinions. Then, in case of disagreements on layers, the questionnaire was presented to the experts again together with the results of 'distribution frequency', based on the dichotomous variables and rank cases, according to the previous results of Friedman's testData analysis was performed by applying the Friedman and Cochran Q tests and a theoretical-based method was applied for the sampling of the statistical population of industrial architectural heritage of Tehran and the relevant experts. The industrial architectural heritage of Tehran city in this study included: 1 Argo Factory (Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre), Iranshahr Barracks (Iranian Artists Forum), Beryank Hosiery Factory (Haftchenar's Museum of Wildlife and Natural Monuments) and Qasr Prison (Qasr Garden Museum/ Museum of the Qasr Prison) which were ranked according to the mean rank calculated for each layer. Results & Discussion:According to the positive opinions of the experts, the introduced strategies for two layers of structure and facade of target buildings were reviewed and confirmed; Based on the data acquired for the structure layer, 'Argo Factory' showed the highest Degrees of Freedom (df) for spaces and for the facade layer, the 'House of Artists' had the highest average rank for facade-structure conformity. However, in the facilities layer, the adaptability between the building facade and the structure was not confirmed.According to the results, the concentration of the structure in the lowest points with more free spaces was confirmed together with the adaptation of the facade to the structure as two characteristics in industrial buildings that were noticeable in the process of adaptive reuse of target buildings.Conclusion:For industrial buildings, Degrees of Freedom (df) for spaces are highly required due to their specific function, which can provide more future functions. Specifically, regarding the two industrial plants of 'Argo Factory' and 'Beryank Hosiery Factory' more free spaces are required due to the large scale of facilities and activities, similar to 'The House of Artists' and 'Qasr Garden Museum', which are facing a larger scale of population than other their counterparts. Such indicators can be effective in architectural heritage buildings for giving new future applications to them and improving adaptive reuse. Manuscript profile

The main purpose of the research is to analyze the livability situation in Kouye Salar neighborhood. The most important distinguishing point of this research with similar researches is the use of the combined method of inferential statistics - spatial interpolation - structural relations. The present research method is descriptive and analytical in terms of nature and is practical in terms of purpose. To collect of information, a library-document and field-survey method was used. The tools of data collection are in several ways: observation, questionnaire, and taking notes. The statistical society of this research is the residents of Kouye Salar neighborhood, which has 18,000 people according to the 2016 census of the Statistics Center. To determine the sample size, Cochran's formula was used and the sample size was 376, which was distributed in the study area using the cluster random sampling method. One-sample t-test was used for quantitative data analysis and IDW method was used for spatial data analysis. The DEMATEL model has been used to evaluate the relationship between the livability dimensions. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and the reliability of the questionnaires was also confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test with the alpha coefficient value of 0.775. Based on the results of the research, the dimensions of livability, which include social, economic, environmental, urban management, historical pattern, and facilities and services, have obtained average of 2.94, 2.07, 3.01, 1.25, 1.83, and 2.55, respectively and also, the livability level is unfavorable with an average of 2.27. Also, the results of the spatial analysis of the livability dimensions in Kouye Salar neighborhood show that about 66% of the neighborhood is in an unfavorable condition. According to the results of DEMATEL model, the dimensions of urban management, economic and facilities and services as "cause" and the three dimensions of environment, social and history pattern as "disability" are extracted and shown in the livability of the locality territory.  Extended AbstractIntroduction The ever-increasing growth of Urmia's urban population and on the other hand the city's transformation into a megalopolis has always challenged the level of quality of life, or in better words, the level of urban livability. In this regard, due to the unprincipled physical expansion of the city of Urmia from the north, it has caused the formation of informal settlements such as Kouye Salar, which has significant problems and deficiencies in terms of urban equipment and service uses, because of the unplanned development. Due to the rapid growth and development caused by the presence of a large number of immigrants from other regions, Kouye Salar neighborhood is experiencing many problems due to inefficiency in dimensions such as economic and urban management. This neighborhood, which is located in the 2nd region of Urmia, has a diverse population and is more suitable for immigrants. One of the main problems of the mentioned neighborhood is the informality and the lack of service and urban equipment uses. Therefore, the main purpose of the research is an analysis of the livability situation in Kouye Salar neighborhood. Among the innovative aspects of the research, we can mention the section of research method, which analyzed this neighborhood in terms of livability by combining spatial data and a questionnaire. The most important distinguishing point of this research with similar researches is the use of the combined method of inferential statistics-spatial interpolation-structural relations, so that a specialized expert's view is also made on the livability of Kouye Salar in addition to considering the votes and opinions of the neighborhood residents. Another distinction is the use of all livability dimensions, indicators and variables for a neighborhood, because usually, this range of components is used in extra-local scales and inferential and spatial statistical methods are also used in the same way.Methodology The present research method is descriptive and analytical in terms of nature and is practical in terms of purpose. To collect of information, a library-document and field-survey method was used, which In the first step, the background and theoretical literature of livability was collected from scientific articles and authentic documents, and then the field survey of the studied area was done. The tools of data collection are in several ways: observation, questionnaire, and taking notes. The statistical society of this research is the residents of Kouye Salar neighborhood, which has 18,000 people according to the 2016 census of the Statistics Center. Cochran's formula with an error percentage of 0.05 was used to determine the sample size, and a sample size of 376 was obtained which was distributed using cluster random sampling method in the study area. SPSS and GIS software were used for data analysis. Quantitative analysis of data through one-sample t-tests and spatial analysis of data through IDW method in the geographic information system have been done in order to evaluate the status of livability indicators and provide suggested solutions to improve the status of this neighborhood. Also, to evaluate the relationship between dimensions of livability, the DEMATEL, which is one of the multi-indicator decision-making methods, has been used and the opinions of 4 experts (urban planning, social, economic and social worker experts), who had sufficient knowledge of the research subject, were used in order to complete the initial matrix. To evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, experts in the fields of urbanism and urban planning were used, who confirmed its validity. Also, the reliability of the questionnaires has been evaluated through Cronbach's alpha test for about 20 questionnaires, which shows the good reliability of the questionnaire with the alpha coefficient value of 0.775.Results and discussionThe findings of this research show that according to the data from the field collection and the questionnaire and the results of the one-sample test, the qualitative status of the social, economic, facilities and services, urban management and historical pattern respectively with an average of 2.94, 2.07, 2.55, 1.25, 1.83 are at the lower than average level and the environmental dimension is at the average level with an average value of 3.01. The social and environmental dimensions are in the intermediate and medium to high level, which as mentioned earlier, factors such as relative security, establishment of ritual ceremonies, lack of differences and ethnic conflicts, reducing the level of pollution and proportionate collection of waste, have had a great impact on the relevant situation. The average level of facilities and services is mostly due to the existence of gas, electricity, drinking water network and provision of daily needs of the people, which mostly reflects the quantitative aspect, while Kouye Salar neighborhood has poor quality of drinking water and noticeable drop in water pressure in the warm season and the roads inside the neighborhood are not up to standard and quality, and at the same time, access to important services such as education and health is not optimal and is associated with difficulties and challenges for the residents. The neighborhood’s economy, regardless of its unfavorable and critical situation on a national scale, has complex conditions and the most important reason is the lack of attractiveness and fields for investment and entrepreneurship, and the existing micro-enterprises are currently operating with minimal production capacity and they are deprived of the necessary support and facilities. The worst situation is for urban management and historical patterns. Kouye Salar neighborhood, despite its historical background, does not have any suitable symbols and its public spaces, such as the network of roads, lack the necessary qualitative appeal. These factors have caused the overall livability level of the neighborhood to be defined as unfavorable, with an average of 2.27, and thus, the contrast and heterogeneity of an enclosed low-privileged place in the bio-peripheral circle is revealed with urban livability standards. Also, the results of the spatial analysis of the collected field data show that the situation of social, economic, environmental, urban facilities and services, urban management and historical pattern dimensions in the neighborhood is in an unfavorable situation, and these factors have caused a decrease in the level of livability in Kouye Salar neighborhood, so that this neighborhood with an area of 511,486 m2 is at an unfavorable level and with an area of 262,972 m2 at an intermediate level.ConclusionThe target neighborhood has also been examined from view of structure and cause and effect analysis, and according to DEMATEL model, the degree of influential - effectiveness of each of the dimensions on the neighborhood livability (according to unfavorable, intermediate and favorable components) has been investigated which according to the desired factors and indicators, dimensions of urban management, economic and facilities and services as "cause" and three dimensions of environment, social and historical pattern as "disabled", are extracted and shown in the livability of the locative territor Manuscript profile

         High energy consumption and its adverse consequences are among the greatest concerns of today’s world. One of the ways of balancing energy consumption is sustainability, particularly in buildings since according to Iran’s annual energy records, more than one third of the country’s energy is consumed in the building sector. Today, sustainable architecture is among the most important approaches in architecture, aiming to reduce consumption of resources, preserve the natural environment, and promote health. Given that the applied aspect of this approach requires further attention in Iran, this study sought to explain the principles of sustainable architecture and outline the applied sustainable principles in Iran by examining an instance built in Bushehr. In addition, it intended to investigate how successful the project was as many of these principles have been studied and defined in different parts of the world and given that they are specified for a particular climate, they cannot be used as principles prepared and suitable for the climate of Iran. Their success can only be evaluated using software applications and through the passage of time. In this study, first, the concept and aims of sustainable architecture were explained through library research on the subject and real definition of sustainability principles. Then, the building that has been introduced as a sustainable structure in Bushehr was simulated and analyzed in DesignBuilder. The results indicated that in this project, with 235.85 kWh/m2 energy consumption, cooling required the most energy and to reduce energy consumption and move towards the principles of sustainability, principles such as proper definition of the dimensions of openings (for example, openings with medium dimensions since large dimensions do not fit warm and humid climates) and canopies (such as vertical canopies) should be used in constructing such buildings. Extended AbstractIntroduction:            The green process in architecture is an ancient process, for example, since cavemen first realized that choosing a cave facing south is much more suitable in terms of ambient temperature than a cave opening to the north. The new issue is understanding the importance of green architecture for artificial and human environments. Creating  the best process for designing buildings; In such a way that all the resources entering the building, its materials,  fuel or objects used by the residents, need to create a sustainable architecture. Keeping up with nature is a fundamental thing in traditional Iranian architecture and the principles in traditional Iranian architecture try to use energy efficiently, but today constructions in this region do not pay attention to this or by using laws defined for other climates. Are created. In recent years, many laws, regulations and assemblies have been created in this field, the most prominent of which are Leed, Breem, green globes, DGNB and many others, most of which are the foundations of sustainable buildings in general and public or Explained for other climates except Iran. In Iran, some projects have tried to create buildings called green buildings due to the prevailing conditions in terms of climate and energy consumption, but due to the lack of specific laws specific to the climate of Iran, no source for Measuring the success rate of their performance is nothing but the passage of time. With the current situation of energy consumption and its shortage in Iran, recognizing and introducing these laws will be very important. Given the issues raised, the main question of the research is what are the current laws of green and sustainable architecture in Iran , And after recognizing and studying the principles of sustainable architecture, measuring the success of projects made in Iran as sustainable architecture, because there is no rules for sustainaible architecture in Iran and this ecosystem, in view of all the cases that will change the determination of these laws according to the geographical location of the region, and on the other hand by looking at the cost and energy shortage in Iran and inconsistency The sources of existing regulations with the current conditions in Iran This issue is very important.Methodology:          This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method and then by simulation with the help of Design Builder software, a case study has been researched and studied, which finally leads to the conclusion of the studies. The context of sustainability, sustainability in Iran and the goals of sustainability in the construction industry has been prepared and read to provide a basis for identifying and determining the key criteria. And then the building designed based on sustainable architecture in Iran, which is the study sample, has been studied with the help of simulator software.Results and discussion:        The building has an energy consumption of 235.85 due to its location in hot and humid climates and on the coastline. According to the above diagram, the consumption of each of the heating, cooling and electricity energies can be seen. As a result of this analysis, Find that the building in question has the highest amount of energy consumption in the field of cooling and with the help of passive and active systems this consumption should be reduced, for example, vertical canopies can be used and the amount of openings should be neither too big nor too small. Systems can minimize energy consumption in this buildingConclusion:        According to the issues raised, it can be seen that the need to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels in each sector is a requirement, and in the field of architecture with the help of sustainable architecture can be achieved to a very significant extent. In many developed countries, this is important with the help of pre-determined laws and in the form of specific instructions, but in Iran there are no specific laws for this. Since buildings in Iran are built with the method of sustainable architecture and principles derived from it, which also existed in traditional architecture, and with the help of design builder software, we examined one of these examples to find out the amount of energy consumption with the help of sustainable process. How much will be reduced? The results of the analysis show that the energy consumption in the building under construction for cooling is higher than heating and lighting. Thus, it seems necessary to find solutions to reduce the need for energy for cooling due to its significant effect on increasing the amount of initial energy in this study. One of the things that helps reduce the amount of cooling energy consumption is shading and shading forms, which prevented the amount of sunlight from entering during the warm seasons. Manuscript profile

      Providing and promoting the level of happiness and vitality of citizens is one of the most important pillars of quality of life in urban spaces Which in recent decades, has attracted increasing attention from experts and urban planners and Has been raised as one of the most important goals of governments and the United Nations. The purpose of this quantitative and applied study has been done using a combination of descriptive-analytical and exploratory methods, is a study and analyze the situation of Shad city and identify its determinants in small urban spaces Which has been done as a case study in Ravansar city which is part of Kermanshah province. The statistical population of the study includes 7122 heads of households and among them with Using sample size calculation methods, 364 people were estimated as a statistical sample and the samples were selected completely randomly. The main research tool for collecting field data is a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability have been confirmed. The results showed that among the three indicators of a happy city (Social, physical and economic indicators) The average of social index with the value of 3.124 was significantly higher than the average of base (number 3) and The average of two physical and economic indicators respectively with values of 2.608 and 2.587, Have been significantly lower than the baseline mean. The results of the survey showed the general condition of the city happy the average calculated with the value of 2.788 Has been significantly below average. Regarding the determinants of a happy city, the results showed Due to the four identified key factors, 61.956% of the variance of the dependent variable has been explained. These factors and the percentage of variance of their specific value in order of importance are: Physical stability (21.041), Socio-cultural sustainability (16.4), Economic Stability (13.151) and Environmental sustainability (11.356). The identified factors seem to be a subset of the macro factor "integrated and efficient urban management" and Promoting this factor, as the main source of most policies and planning, can have a significant impact on the realization of a happy city in the study area.Extended AbstractIntroduction:One of the most important pillars of social sustainability and achieving sustainable development is to improve the quality of life of residents of different residential spaces for which several dimensions and components can be considered. Meanwhile, happiness and vitality are one of the most important psychological components of quality of life. Evidence shows that human society is always looking for more peace, well-being, happiness and vitality in their lives in order to improve the quality of life. The importance of happiness and symbols among citizens is such that in most societies, more joy and happiness than life is a major goal and indicator.In expressing the importance of happiness in the development of urban spaces, it is sufficient to mention that the main goal of governments is to provide more happiness to citizens and to provide vitality and happiness of citizens is one of the ultimate goals of sustainable urban development and one of the central concepts of sustainable development since 2000. It is considered later in the UN debate. Studies also show that happiness has a direct effect on the life expectancy index of citizens and is associated with feelings of successful outcomes in people's lives; In a way, happier people are more successful in life than others. Because of the importance of the happiness index in the sustainable development of urban spaces, according to Montgomery (the first theorist of the happy city), a city after meeting basic needs such as food and housing, should provide the following: the city should maximize pleasure and hardship Reduce; Lead us to health instead of disease; Give us the real freedom, movement and construction of life we ​​desire; Allocate space, services, facilities, pleasure and entertainment, difficulty and cost among people in a fair way; Above all, it empowers us to build and strengthen groups between friends, family, and strangers that give meaning to life and must acknowledge and share our common destiny, and open the door to solidarity, cooperation, and cooperation, as well as to us. It will help us to meet the greatest challenge of the contemporary century, namely happiness. Decreasing the level and amount of happiness and vitality among citizens, reduces the sense of social cooperation and group ties, reduces family and local solidarity, reduces emotional support and satisfaction, and weakens the presence in public arenas, and so on. Thus, strengthening the indicators and components of a happy city can be a strong step towards sustainable urban development, and conversely, the decline of indicators and components of a happy city can be effective in accelerating urban instability.Methodology:The present research is methodical, quantitative and applied, which has been done with a combination of descriptive-analytical and exploratory methods, and in it, articles, books, data of the Statistics Center of Iran, etc. have been used to collect documentary data. Questionnaire technique has been used in the field studies section. The statistical population of the study includes 7122 heads of households in Ravansar. Due to the large size of the statistical population and the difficulty of conducting the census, 364 people have been estimated as a statistical sample using the Cochran's formula. The main research tool for collecting field data is a researcher-made questionnaire that has been used to evaluate its (formal) validity from the opinions of urban planning experts as well as university professors. To evaluate the reliability of the questionnaires, the pre-test method and completing 30 questionnaires were used and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the main parts of the questionnaire was more than 0.7. The questionnaire is designed in three main parts. A completely randomized method was used to distribute and complete the questionnaires among the citizens, and the frequency distribution table, mean comparison test and exploratory factor analysis in SPSS software were used to analyze the collected data.Results and discussion:The results showed that among the three indicators of a happy city (Social, physical and economic indicators) The average of social index with the value of 3.124 was significantly higher than the average of base (number 3) and The average of two physical and economic indicators respectively with values of 2.608 and 2.587, Have been significantly lower than the baseline mean. The results of the survey showed the general condition of the city happy the average calculated with the value of 2.788 Has been significantly below average. Regarding the determinants of a happy city, the results showed Due to the four identified key factors, 61.956% of the variance of the dependent variable has been explained. These factors and the percentage of variance of their specific value in order of importance are: Physical stability (21.041), Socio-cultural sustainability (16.4), Economic Stability (13.151) and Environmental sustainability (11.356). The identified factors seem to be a subset of the macro factor "integrated and efficient urban management" and Promoting this factor, as the main source of most policies and planning, can have a significant impact on the realization of a happy city in the study area.Conclusion: The main reason for the unfavorable situation of Shad city in the study area can be attributed to the weakness of citizens in having economic and physical indicators. Accuracy in the nature of the factors identified as determinants of a happy city in the study area (physical stability, socio-cultural sustainability, economic sustainability and environmental sustainability) shows these factors are a subset and a function of a macro variable called "Integrated and efficient urban management" that can be directly and indirectly affecting the various dimensions of physical-physical, socio-cultural, economic and environmental development of Ravansar, in the promotion, development and prosperity of the happy city in the study area. In fact, integrated and efficient urban management is a major factor and the main link in the realization of a happy city in the study area and other similar urban spaces. Therefore, it is suggested that for the development and sustainability of a happy city and other new urban concepts, special attention and focus be paid to the issue of integrated and efficient urban management. Therefore, employing and using urban and regional planning specialists with experience and selecting specialized and committed councils, as well as the best experts at the top of urban management, is one of the operational and executive suggestions of the present study. Also, clarifying the performance of city managers and establishing interaction and two-way communication between citizens and city managers, can be effective in improving the level of happy city indicators in the study area.  Manuscript profile

Councils, as institutions that derive their legitimacy and popularity from the people, can play an important role in urban policy-making through their decisions regarding urban form, especially in the fields of urban planning and architecture. The present study aimed to evaluate the urban policies of the Islamic City Council of Shiraz in the field of urban planning and architecture from the perspective of sustainable development. The research method was descriptive-survey, using a questionnaire tool. The statistical population of this study consisted of managers and heads of various departments of Shiraz municipality (executive experts) and university professors familiar with the research topic (academic experts). The sample size was calculated to be 113 individuals using Morgan's table. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. The study's findings indicated that for evaluating the urban policies of the Islamic Council, the Hagoort and Gunn model (1984) consisting of 5 dimensions of issue identification, policy formulation, decision-making, policy implementation, and policy evaluation can be used. To measure these dimensions, 19 components related to urban policy-making were identified based on the opinions of academic and executive experts in the field of urban planning. The results showed that at a significance level of less than 0.05, the dimensions and components related to urban policy-making were significant. The results also indicated that the status of the dimensions and components of the Islamic Council's urban policies was evaluated as average. The Friedman test results for ranking the dimensions and components of policy-making showed that among the dimensions, issue identification and among the components, the delegation of power and resources to the members of the Islamic Council obtained the highest rank. The results of the one-sample t-test also indicated that the performance of the Islamic Council in terms of urban planning and architecture policies was less than 0.05. In the field of urban planning, the best performance of the Islamic Council pertained to the consultation and legal supervision of the urban planning department and its affiliated units with a score of 0.803, and in the field of architecture, the best performance pertained to consultation and approval of regulations and decisions in the field of architecture with a score of 0.705.Extended AbstractIntroduction:In the current climate of urban expansion and urbanization, the Islamic city councils are important civil governance institutions that are responsible for realizing the rights of citizens in the urban area. The city council as a decision-making institution for urban development is more important today than ever before. The importance of councils in the administration of affairs is so great that in the decentralization system of governments where political and administrative power has been transferred to the provincial, urban, and rural levels, councils have significant importance (Tavakliniya and Noor Mohammadi, 2012). It is said that the main purpose of forming the Islamic City Council is to rapidly advance urban development programs through the cooperation and participation of the people, therefore, in Iran, councils find an existential philosophy as one of the institutions that supervise the performance of the public sector (Pirmozen, 2008). Islamic city councils are defined as the main guide of urban activities to realize the management of the urban unit. Therefore, according to the constitution and the approved law of Islamic councils dated (1375), the main task of urban management is assigned to the Islamic councils of the city, whose representatives are elected by the people (Nowrozi Far, 1380).Therefore, because of the aforementioned contents and the lack of research that evaluates the urban policy of the Islamic City Council from the perspective of sustainable development, and because sustainable development emphasizes qualitative and human criteria more than any other criterion, Therefore, to achieve a real stable situation in cities, it is necessary to develop policies to achieve sustainable cities. Therefore, this research seeks to evaluate the urban policies of the Shiraz Islamic Council (as a study) from the perspective of sustainable development, so that appropriate suggestions can be made from the results of such research to promote urban development.Methodology:This research is applied research in terms of nature and purpose. The descriptive-analytical research method and the research strategy used are quantitative. In this research, an attempt is made to use the positivist method in a theoretical framework and to analyze the research problem by using survey and field methods, considering the application of quantitative problems. The statistical population of the research consists of the managers and supervisors of various departments of Shiraz municipality (executive experts), which according to the available statistics include 138 people, as well as university professors familiar with the subject of the research (academic experts), of which 25 people were identified by the researcher. And as a result, the size of the statistical population reached 163 people. Random sampling method was used for sampling from the mentioned population and Morgan's table was used to determine the sample size, and the results showed that the required sample is 113 people. Also, the data collection tool of this research is a researcher-made questionnaire, the questions of which are designed and developed based on the components proposed in the research model (19 questions) and are used to collect data from the studied community after confirming validity and reliability.Results and discussion:After distributing 113 questionnaires among the members of the studied community, finally, 102 valid questionnaires (90% return rate) were obtained for analysis, and the information description of the received questionnaires showed: in terms of gender, nearly 57% (with a frequency of 58 people) of the answers The research respondents are women and about 43% (with a frequency of 44 people) of the respondents are men. Therefore, most of the research respondents are women. In terms of service history, the findings showed that 4.9% (with a frequency of 5 people) had less than 5 years, 41.1% (with a frequency of 42 people) between 5 and 10 years, 53.9% (with a frequency of 55 people ) have between 10 and 15 years of service experience. Therefore, most of the respondents have between 5 and 15 years of work experience (95%). Regarding the level of education, the results showed that 21.5% (with a frequency of 23 people) had a bachelor's degree and 78.4% (with a frequency of 80 people) had a master's degree or higher. Therefore, the absolute majority of respondents have a master's degree or higher. In terms of the type of employment, the results showed that 53.9% of the respondents have formal employment, 42% have contractual employment and the rest have contractual employment.Also, the result of the T-Tech exam indicates the performance of the Islamic Council in terms of policies in the field of urban planning and architecture at a level of less than 0.05. In the field of urban planning, the best performance of the Islamic Council was related to the index of consulting and exercising legal supervision over the deputy of urban planning and its affiliated units with a value of 0.803, and in the field of architecture, the index of consulting and approving regulations and approvals in the field of architecture was with a value of 3.705.Conclusion:The findings of the research showed that to evaluate the urban policies of the Islamic Council of Shiraz from the perspective of sustainable development, it is possible to use the Hogwood and Gann (1984) stage model consisting of 5 dimensions of problem identification, policy formulation, decision making, policy implementation, and policy evaluation. It was found that 19 components were used to measure the aforementioned dimensions according to the opinion of academic and executive experts in the urban area. Also, the results showed that at a significance level of 5%, 5 dimensions and 19 components related to them cannot be rejected. The ranking of the dimensions and components also indicated that among the dimensions that shape the evaluation of urban policies with emphasis on sustainable development, the highest rank is related to problem diagnosis and among the components that shape the evaluation of urban policies with emphasis on sustainable development, the highest ranks were respectively related to the components of the amount of delegation of power and resources to the members of the Islamic Council of the city and attention to urban diplomacy. The final result indicates the average policy situation of Shiraz Islamic Council. In this context, their policies and performance in the field of urban planning and architecture have also been significant. Manuscript profile

Guilan urban environments with various natural, historical and cultural attractions, has an extraordinary talent for developing the tourism industry, But despite tourism policies and planning, it has not been able to develop in this area. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the barriers to tourism policy in urban environments of Guilan. is The research method was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using contextual theory and FARAS model. The statistical population is also experts in the field of urban studies and tourism, Based on purposive sampling, 20 people were selected as the sample population. According to the grounded theory model, obstacles such as: lack of expertise, inadequate marketing, imitation of patterns incompatible with urban environments, problems in the chain of tourism services, problems of the administrative system and policy, lack of integrated tourism management within the organization Related issues, inadequacy of infrastructure and physical infrastructure, lack of use of specialized personnel were extracted, Using the fuzzy ARS model, respectively, the obstacles to the lack of integrated tourism management among organizations related to the weight of 0.490, the problems of the administrative system and policy with a weight of 0.488, imitation of patterns incompatible with urban environments with The weight of 0.477, the problems of the chain of tourism services and the inadequacy of infrastructure and physical infrastructure with the weight of 0.467, the inappropriate marketing with the amount of 0.463, the lack of specialized personnel with the weight of 0.458, the most and Have the least importance.Extended AbstractIntroduction:      The tourism industry in the cities of Iran, in terms of climate diversity, culture and ancient history, the existence of many ancient monuments and natural and scenic attractions, has very high capabilities And it is always said that Iran is the tenth and one of the fifth countries in the world in the field of tourism, But after a few decades, it is still at the bend of the first alley and again, there are obstacles in the way of tourism policy in Iran and Iranian cities, including the cities of Guilan province. In this regard, the cities of the evergreen province of Guilan in the north of the country with pristine nature, beautiful mountains and boiling springs are the ecotourism capital of Iran and a thousand colors of nature and annually receive millions of domestic and foreign tourists. However, statistics and information show that the cities of Guilan province, despite the unique diversity of climate and geography and various attractions, has not been able to find its proper place from a national and international level And barriers to tourism policy in urban environments of Guilan province has become one of the main problems in this field. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt has been made to explore the barriers of tourism policy in urban environments of Guilan province, from the point of view of some elites.Methodology:      The present research, in terms of purpose, is fundamental and applied and has an interpretive and analytical nature and in terms of method, is in the group of qualitative and quantitative research. Grounded theory method and FARAS model were used for data analysis. In this study, the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin was used for the data theory of the foundation. Since contextualization theory was based on a purely inductive method; Therefore, instead of testing existing theories, the researcher formulates a theory himself. Therefore, the studied variables were identified and explored based on the theoretical framework and categories. In this study, sampling went to the stage of theoretical saturation; Non- probability sampling was purposive sampling. A total of 20 in-depth interviews were conducted. Interviews (between 60 and 90 minutes) were recorded and recorded and transcribed immediately.Results and discussion:       Qualitative findings showed that the semantic units of organizational incoherence and lack of proper governance as well as managerial instability and lack of long-term approach in the category of integrated tourism management among related organizations, semantic units lack of readiness and specialized capacity and knowledge and lack of link between universities. And tourism in the category of non-use of specialized forces, semantic unit of lack of quality of physical infrastructure in the semantic unit of inadequacy of physical infrastructure and infrastructure, semantic unit of lack of native pattern in the category of imitation of patterns incompatible with urban environments and semantic units of lack of illustration. Problems of branding and advertising in the category of inappropriate marketing and semantic units Lack of assignment of tourism development interests and finally weak competition-classification of services in the category of tourism service chain problems and finally semantic units of legal barriers and investment in the category of administrative system and policy problems Was placed. Furthermore, the results of FARAS model showed that barriers to integrated tourism management among organizations related to the weight of 0.490, problems of administrative system and policy with a weight of 0.488, imitation of patterns incompatible with urban environments with a weight of 0.477, problems of tourism services chain and inadequacy of infrastructure and physical infrastructure with a weight of 0.467, inappropriate marketing with a weight of 0.463, lack of specialized personnel with a weight of 0.458, the maximum and minimum Have taken on importance.Conclusion:      Concluding remarks of this study, the issue of good implementation of tourism policy in urban environments of Guilan province indicates aspects and complex factors on this phenomenon in the context of optimal and integrated management, which requires accurate analysis of barriers to tourism policy. An important achievement of this research is the obstacles that can help policymakers and managers to fill the gaps and policy barriers in the urban environments of Guilan And help increase their understanding to create the necessary conditions for the successful and competitive development of Gilan province as a tourist destination. According to the obtained results, integrated tourism management in related organizations is the most important and most important obstacle in tourism policy in the cities of this province. Finally, the results of the research are consistent with the studies of Saeedi et al. (2012), Hosseini and Taghvaei (2012). Manuscript profile

Environmental and physical elements of the city form its livability, which, if not be desirable, will put the biological future of the next generations and the quality of life of citizens in a critical situation. Since urban livability depends on place, time and evaluation system and the biological quality of the worn-out texture of this area of Sari, which forms a large part of the central core of the city, is deteriorating, this research seeks to explain the physical-environmental variables of livability in worn-out textures with future research approach, so that the analysis of the relationships between livability variables in the urban system will have a futuristic perspective. The research methodology is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of its goals. Data collection has been done in the form of documents and survey. The statistical population of the research included 50 experts and specialists in the field of urban planning, who were selected by purposive sampling technique. SPSS software (for exploratory factor analysis) and MICMAC software (for cross effects calculations) were used for data analysis. The findings indicate that: The degree of filling is equal to (60.88), which indicates the relatively high influence of the factors on each other. Also, from the experts" point of view, influencing variables have been identified respectively; the existence of green spaces with 1385 points, the establishment of parks with 1385 points and appropriate temperature with 1235 points. The variable of the absence of strong wind with 936 points, the distribution of shrubs and bushes with 898 points, the regular collection of waste with 861 points, the appropriate sewage disposal system with 823 points, and the disposal of surface water with 711 points ranked 4 to 8, respectively. By analyzing the correlation of the distribution of criteria, the instability of the system has been detected; and in order to achieve the stability and desired level of worn-out texture, specific interactions between urban sub-systems in environmental-physical elements are necessary. Manuscript profile

With the increasing use of motor vehicles in cities, the amount of traffic-related pollutants is growing and affects indoor air quality. One of the influencing factors on the pollutants penetration into the urban context and the change of its diffusion speed (depending on the air velocity) is the building form. Therefore, in the current research, the effect of building form on pollutant concentration and air velocity inside the building has been investigated. For this purpose, 3 common building forms have been investigated in district 1 of Shiraz city. These forms create 12 different urban contexts with four 90 degree rotations in a regular pavilion-shaped context. Each context is placed in the vicinity of an urban highway as a pollutant source. Examining the cases has been done through CFD simulation. Steady 3-dimensional flow using the SST-Kω turbulence model has been used to simulate the cases, which has been numerically solved based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. The validation of the CFD software used in this research has been done in comparison with the wind tunnel tests and has yielded acceptable results. The results showed that the building form has a significant effect on the air quality inside the building. Also, based on the results of the TOPSIS multi-criteria decision-making method, the best and the worst building forms in order to increase the air velocity and reduce the concentration of pollutants inside the building, respectively, related to the form with an overhang, facing the windward, and an overhang, facing the leeward Manuscript profile

Commonly, the development and prosperity of cities و regions and nations are believed to hinge on the planning , execution and number of infrastructure mega-projects led by governments, managers and planners. In our current study, we adopt a contextual and inspiring approach and employ the "phronetic" research method. We focus on the extensive body of works by one of the foremost theorists in the field of mega-project planning , who has produced different and innovative insights in recent years. Our objective is to understand and explore the relationship between city and regional development, prosperity, and infrastructure mega- project. Referring to Bent Flyvbjerg's theory , researches and works regarding infrastructural mega-projects and their characteristics, we aim to shed light on the realities and some dark sides of these projects. Mega-projects typically consume a significant portion of budgets and public resources and are often touted for their anticipated benefits and advantages prior to construction. However, our study reveals that only a small fraction of these projected benefits are realized. In some cases, these projects even yield outcomes contradictory to their original goals. Nonetheless, the persistent desire of many political leaders and planners to pursue such projects can be interpreted from various political, economic and even technical perspectives. In the context of Iranian planning, where these dynamics are particularly pertinent, understanding the true nature of mega-projects becomes essential. This awareness can serve as a foundation for reevaluating the approach to prioritizing and undertaking such projects at both the city, regional and national levels. Manuscript profile

Urban governance is a new process that in the urban planning system, having principles, criteria and indicators different from the previous approaches, has many players in the urban arena. In this research, the aim is to investigate the status of good urban governance indicators and their effect on the regeneration of the dilapidated fabric of Isfahan city. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on data collection through the field. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The structural and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed and its reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach's coefficient greater than 0.70. The statistical population of the research is made up of 250,214 residents of the dilapidated city of Isfahan. The sample size was determined by Cochran's formula, 384 people. SPSS version 24 and AMOS software packages were used for data analysis. The result of the T-Tech test showed that the variables of good urban governance are at a significant level of less than 0.05 and are in an average condition in the dilapidated fabric of Isfahan city. The result of the T-Tech test of the sample showed that the healing condition of the worn tissue was poor. In addition, the regression result confirmed that there is a significant relationship between good governance and regeneration and governance indicators can contribute more than 0.67% to improve urban regeneration and promote it. According to the obtained results, there was a causal relationship between the components of good governance and rural sustainability with favorable indicators (RMSEA = 0.033). In sum, good urban governance as a model of urban management can be effective in recreating worn-out fabric. Manuscript profile