XML
-
-
List of Articles
-
Open Access Article
1 - An Analysis of the Livability Situation in Urban Environments (Case Study: Kouye Salar Neighborhood-Urmia)
Mirnajaf Mousavi Javad Jahangirzadeh Nima Bayramzadeh Amin Shahsavar Sajjad OmidvarfarThe main purpose of the research is to analyze the livability situation in Kouye Salar neighborhood. The most important distinguishing point of this research with similar researches is the use of the combined method of inferential statistics - spatial interpolation - st MoreThe main purpose of the research is to analyze the livability situation in Kouye Salar neighborhood. The most important distinguishing point of this research with similar researches is the use of the combined method of inferential statistics - spatial interpolation - structural relations. The present research method is descriptive and analytical in terms of nature and is practical in terms of purpose. To collect of information, a library-document and field-survey method was used. The tools of data collection are in several ways: observation, questionnaire, and taking notes. The statistical society of this research is the residents of Kouye Salar neighborhood, which has 18,000 people according to the 2016 census of the Statistics Center. To determine the sample size, Cochran's formula was used and the sample size was 376, which was distributed in the study area using the cluster random sampling method. One-sample t-test was used for quantitative data analysis and IDW method was used for spatial data analysis. The DEMATEL model has been used to evaluate the relationship between the livability dimensions. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and the reliability of the questionnaires was also confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test with the alpha coefficient value of 0.775. Based on the results of the research, the dimensions of livability, which include social, economic, environmental, urban management, historical pattern, and facilities and services, have obtained average of 2.94, 2.07, 3.01, 1.25, 1.83, and 2.55, respectively and also, the livability level is unfavorable with an average of 2.27. Also, the results of the spatial analysis of the livability dimensions in Kouye Salar neighborhood show that about 66% of the neighborhood is in an unfavorable condition. According to the results of DEMATEL model, the dimensions of urban management, economic and facilities and services as "cause" and the three dimensions of environment, social and history pattern as "disability" are extracted and shown in the livability of the locality territory. Extended AbstractIntroduction The ever-increasing growth of Urmia's urban population and on the other hand the city's transformation into a megalopolis has always challenged the level of quality of life, or in better words, the level of urban livability. In this regard, due to the unprincipled physical expansion of the city of Urmia from the north, it has caused the formation of informal settlements such as Kouye Salar, which has significant problems and deficiencies in terms of urban equipment and service uses, because of the unplanned development. Due to the rapid growth and development caused by the presence of a large number of immigrants from other regions, Kouye Salar neighborhood is experiencing many problems due to inefficiency in dimensions such as economic and urban management. This neighborhood, which is located in the 2nd region of Urmia, has a diverse population and is more suitable for immigrants. One of the main problems of the mentioned neighborhood is the informality and the lack of service and urban equipment uses. Therefore, the main purpose of the research is an analysis of the livability situation in Kouye Salar neighborhood. Among the innovative aspects of the research, we can mention the section of research method, which analyzed this neighborhood in terms of livability by combining spatial data and a questionnaire. The most important distinguishing point of this research with similar researches is the use of the combined method of inferential statistics-spatial interpolation-structural relations, so that a specialized expert's view is also made on the livability of Kouye Salar in addition to considering the votes and opinions of the neighborhood residents. Another distinction is the use of all livability dimensions, indicators and variables for a neighborhood, because usually, this range of components is used in extra-local scales and inferential and spatial statistical methods are also used in the same way.Methodology The present research method is descriptive and analytical in terms of nature and is practical in terms of purpose. To collect of information, a library-document and field-survey method was used, which In the first step, the background and theoretical literature of livability was collected from scientific articles and authentic documents, and then the field survey of the studied area was done. The tools of data collection are in several ways: observation, questionnaire, and taking notes. The statistical society of this research is the residents of Kouye Salar neighborhood, which has 18,000 people according to the 2016 census of the Statistics Center. Cochran's formula with an error percentage of 0.05 was used to determine the sample size, and a sample size of 376 was obtained which was distributed using cluster random sampling method in the study area. SPSS and GIS software were used for data analysis. Quantitative analysis of data through one-sample t-tests and spatial analysis of data through IDW method in the geographic information system have been done in order to evaluate the status of livability indicators and provide suggested solutions to improve the status of this neighborhood. Also, to evaluate the relationship between dimensions of livability, the DEMATEL, which is one of the multi-indicator decision-making methods, has been used and the opinions of 4 experts (urban planning, social, economic and social worker experts), who had sufficient knowledge of the research subject, were used in order to complete the initial matrix. To evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, experts in the fields of urbanism and urban planning were used, who confirmed its validity. Also, the reliability of the questionnaires has been evaluated through Cronbach's alpha test for about 20 questionnaires, which shows the good reliability of the questionnaire with the alpha coefficient value of 0.775.Results and discussionThe findings of this research show that according to the data from the field collection and the questionnaire and the results of the one-sample test, the qualitative status of the social, economic, facilities and services, urban management and historical pattern respectively with an average of 2.94, 2.07, 2.55, 1.25, 1.83 are at the lower than average level and the environmental dimension is at the average level with an average value of 3.01. The social and environmental dimensions are in the intermediate and medium to high level, which as mentioned earlier, factors such as relative security, establishment of ritual ceremonies, lack of differences and ethnic conflicts, reducing the level of pollution and proportionate collection of waste, have had a great impact on the relevant situation. The average level of facilities and services is mostly due to the existence of gas, electricity, drinking water network and provision of daily needs of the people, which mostly reflects the quantitative aspect, while Kouye Salar neighborhood has poor quality of drinking water and noticeable drop in water pressure in the warm season and the roads inside the neighborhood are not up to standard and quality, and at the same time, access to important services such as education and health is not optimal and is associated with difficulties and challenges for the residents. The neighborhood’s economy, regardless of its unfavorable and critical situation on a national scale, has complex conditions and the most important reason is the lack of attractiveness and fields for investment and entrepreneurship, and the existing micro-enterprises are currently operating with minimal production capacity and they are deprived of the necessary support and facilities. The worst situation is for urban management and historical patterns. Kouye Salar neighborhood, despite its historical background, does not have any suitable symbols and its public spaces, such as the network of roads, lack the necessary qualitative appeal. These factors have caused the overall livability level of the neighborhood to be defined as unfavorable, with an average of 2.27, and thus, the contrast and heterogeneity of an enclosed low-privileged place in the bio-peripheral circle is revealed with urban livability standards. Also, the results of the spatial analysis of the collected field data show that the situation of social, economic, environmental, urban facilities and services, urban management and historical pattern dimensions in the neighborhood is in an unfavorable situation, and these factors have caused a decrease in the level of livability in Kouye Salar neighborhood, so that this neighborhood with an area of 511,486 m2 is at an unfavorable level and with an area of 262,972 m2 at an intermediate level.ConclusionThe target neighborhood has also been examined from view of structure and cause and effect analysis, and according to DEMATEL model, the degree of influential - effectiveness of each of the dimensions on the neighborhood livability (according to unfavorable, intermediate and favorable components) has been investigated which according to the desired factors and indicators, dimensions of urban management, economic and facilities and services as "cause" and three dimensions of environment, social and historical pattern as "disabled", are extracted and shown in the livability of the locative territor Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Policymaking of key factors and influencing variables on the institutional capacity of urban management, a case study of Tehran
Seyed Mahmoud Mousavi Mirkalae Mohammad Ali Khaliji Sadegh SadeghiAbstractTehran metropolis does not have a specific, defined and formal system for managing the institutional capacity of urban management; But this system is managed and transmitted by relying on the structures, methods and common norms of urban and rural governance. Th MoreAbstractTehran metropolis does not have a specific, defined and formal system for managing the institutional capacity of urban management; But this system is managed and transmitted by relying on the structures, methods and common norms of urban and rural governance. The fragmentation and fragmentation of urban management in the city of Tehran due to the different institutions and organizations that originate from the city government model, the lack of capacity for inter-institutional and intra-institutional interaction can be seen as the result of the official dominance of the power institutions and the non-alignment of informal institutions with their policies and programs. The purpose of the research is to policy the key factors and variables affecting the institutional capacity of urban management. The research method, from the point of view of the goal, is of the type of applied-developmental research, in terms of the main research methods, it is in the category of descriptive-analytical research. Also, the type of data in the research is a survey, and the main tool used to collect data is interviews with managers, experts of Tehran municipality and university professors in the form of a questionnaire, which is a suitable narrative tool. The sampling method in this study was simple random sampling and the sample size was determined to be 100 people with a measurement error of ten percent. The findings of the research show that the strongest component of the desired institutional capacity is the readability and transparency of laws and regulations, with an average of 3.37, and the lowest average belongs to the component of inter-institutional capacity, which indicates the weakness of the institutional capacity in Tehran metropolis. The results show that the components of communication resources and the ability of institutions have a far greater contribution compared to other components in predicting the dependent variable, such that a unit change in the standard deviation of communication resources and the ability of institutions causes the standard deviation of the variable to increase. dependent (institutional capacity of urban management) to change by 28 and 18 percent. While a unit change in the standard deviation of participation only causes the standard deviation of the dependent variable to change by 2%.Extended AbstractIntroduction: Considering that the focus of this study is the urban management system of Tehran, in the urban management system of Tehran, we are faced with numerous organizations with diverse missions such as transportation and traffic, urban, cultural and social services, financial and urban economy, technical and civil engineering, etc., which serve the population of the capital. And they provide services to the biggest metropolis of the country. Naturally, for a city of this size, we need an institutional and integrated approach to define, implement and achieve a valid model that can be used by city managers in policy making. But how is this approach designed and implemented? The problem of this research comes from this: in the current method, policies are formulated without the presence and participation of urban and regional agents and experts, and management is tied to autocratic management, traditional planning (with a top-down approach). The actors of the private sector and specialized associations, non-governmental organizations do not have a place and role in the political decisions of Tehran's urban management, and the continuation of this situation will have no consequences except for the aggravation of the gaps. Therefore, in this research, in addition to identifying key factors and variables affecting the institutional capacity of urban management and creating changes in the formulation of urban policies, paying attention to upstream documents and the participation of actors, it has the attention of all civil institutions in synergy and interaction in the policy-making process and reducing interference. The government wants to make decisions. During such a process, all managers (macro, medium and small) should consider themselves as participants in the network of power and decision-making and policy-making and participate in Tehran's development plans and programs. With these interpretations, this research seeks to answer the question, what are the key factors and variables affecting the institutional capacity of Tehran metropolis management?Methodology: From the point of view of the goal, the research is of the type of applied-developmental research, in terms of the main research methods, it is in the descriptive-analytical research. Also, the type of data in the research is a survey, and the main tool used to collect data is interviews with managers, experts of Tehran Municipality and university professors in the form of a questionnaire, which is a suitable tool for narrative. These people are generally those who have been active for many years in the field of research in the relevant headquarters and organizations of the Tehran Metropolitan Municipality, or have been in relevant institutions, research institutes and urban management organizations, or have been in related executive responsibilities. The response scale was completed and weighted in the form of Likert in 5 degrees. The sampling method in this study was simple random sampling and the sample size was determined to be 100 people with a measurement error of ten percent.Results and discussion: In the background variables which in this research are sex, age and education, using frequency distribution tables, the results are as follows; The distribution of respondents according to gender is 45 women, 55 men and the average age is 37.5 years. The percentage of respondents' education is 28.6% bachelor's degree, 36% master's degree and 35.4% doctorate respectively. The respondents' answers were presented in the form of a 5-point Likert scale (very dissatisfied, dissatisfied, relatively satisfied, satisfied and very satisfied). The overall assessment of institutional capacity indicates that 2.06% of institutional capacity variables are very satisfied, 8.19% are satisfied, 24.03% are relatively satisfied, 44.78% are dissatisfied and 20.94% are very dissatisfied. The findings of the research in Table 3 show that the components of readability and transparency of laws and regulations, legality, intra-institutional interaction among the components have the highest average, respectively. Also, the inter-institutional capacity component has the least importance with an average of 3.35. Regarding the significance of the test, it can be said that the components are significant at the 95% level.Conclusion: Tehran metropolis does not have a specific, defined and formal system for managing the institutional capacity of urban management; But this system is managed and transmitted by relying on the structures, methods and common norms of urban and rural governance. The fragmentation and fragmentation of urban management in the city of Tehran due to the different institutions and organizations that originate from the city government model, the lack of capacity for inter-institutional and intra-institutional interaction can be seen as the result of the official dominance of the power institutions and the non-alignment of informal institutions with their policies and programs. Tehran metropolis has institutional potential in formulating, regulating laws and regulations, effectiveness of activities and measures and success rate of urban management in relation to institutional processes. The sustainability and human-centeredness of the future development of this complex requires building the capacity to accept new forces in the management organization of the region by referring to the teachings of the urban governance approach and strengthening the sense of trust and cooperation among all these actors. More than ever, the development of the metropolises of the country, especially Tehran, the way of planning the management of the regions is dependent on the institutional capacity and somehow tied to it. In the absence of urban management policies and trans-sectoral approach, inter-institutional challenges and transparency, accountability, and capacity building have become much more pronounced and do not show a decreasing trend.The components of communication resources and the ability of institutions have a far greater contribution compared to other components in predicting the dependent variable, such that a unit change in the standard deviation of communication resources and the ability of institutions causes the standard deviation of the dependent variable (institutional capacity) to increase. urban management) to change by 28 and 18 percent. While a unit change in the standard deviation of participation only causes the standard deviation of the dependent variable to change by 2%. Also, the components of institutions-ability, transparency, internal-interaction, legality, inter-institutional-interaction and inter-institutional-capacity, because the significance level is higher than 0.05, show that they do not have a significant effect on predicting the institutional capacity of urban management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - An analysis on the reading of resilient communities against earthquake risk (case study: Tabriz metropolis)
Amir Bakhshizadeh Akbar Abdollahzadeh Noor Mohammad MonjaziThe question and idea of the present article is a mixture of the attitude of resilient social drivers against the earthquake crisis; A matter that is colored by the increase in the population of urbanization and urban development, so that in this way the organizations i MoreThe question and idea of the present article is a mixture of the attitude of resilient social drivers against the earthquake crisis; A matter that is colored by the increase in the population of urbanization and urban development, so that in this way the organizations in charge of urban management pay attention to the management of the earthquake crisis. At the same time, the dimensions of this problem have been expanding, and one of its characteristics is the conflict between the drivers involved in organizing this phenomenon, which has increased its importance; Therefore, the aim of the research was to apply this concept to the geographical context of Tabriz metropolis, so that by identifying the parameters that affect the resilience of the region against the risk of earthquake, it can analyze the path of access to it. Based on the purpose, the current research is in the category of applied research, in terms of its nature and method, it is a descriptive-analytical research. The statistical population of the current research includes experts in the field of crisis management and urban resilience, based on the opinions of 35 experts who are available and familiar with crisis management and urban resilience, the final questionnaire is entered into the Micmac software and the SWAT method is used to identify the key points of knowing the factors in It is used to achieve social resilience in the identified susceptible areas of Tabriz metropolis. The results of the research showed that knowledge and social awareness, education and skills, and ability and access to services are the most important drivers for creating resilient communities in Tabriz. It is very important to use the power of awareness in the direction of active participation to deal with natural disasters such as earthquakes and increase resilience. Why, if people have enough knowledge and skills and are empowered, we can hope that when an earthquake occurs, they will be able to save their lives and those of their loved ones by reacting and behaving appropriately, and will suffer less physical, financial and emotional damage.Extended AbstractIntroduction: Tabriz city is located in the danger zone of high earthquakes, such as the uncoordinated and unprincipled growth of these cities, especially in the last few decades, construction in the boundaries of faults and prone areas, tectonic instabilities, the design and implementation of buildings and facilities and vital arteries disproportionate to the intensity of earthquakes. These cities have increased their vulnerability to earthquakes. The northern fault of Tabriz city, which is known as one of the most dangerous faults of Tabriz city, which passes through the north of Tabriz city and an area of Tabriz city, has caused the high risk of this region compared to the southern regions. This fault is one of the most fundamental tectonic structures in the northeast of Lake Urmia. Although several studies have been done on the earthquakes of Tabriz city in the past, but considering the population of Tabriz city which is more than 160,000 people and the industrial position of this city in the country of Iran, which has caused its rapid growth and development, the earthquake risk of this region should be investigated. It seems necessary in order to obtain more accurate results. Clarifying that today's changes will affect tomorrow's events is a reflection of future-research activities; Therefore, by knowing these developments and planning not to be surprised by the terrible storm of the earthquake crisis, it is possible to take the lever of management and control of the future and instead of facing a fixed future based on past trends, in order to achieve a desirable future with The resilience approach took a step forward. Research materials and methods: Based on the purpose, the current research is in the category of applied research, in terms of its nature and method, it is a descriptive-analytical research.Methodology: is based on the resilience approach against the earthquake crisis with a future-research, analytical-exploratory approach, which will be done by using a combination of quantitative and qualitative models. In this study, to collect primary information for documentary studies (library through reading books, theses, doctoral dissertations) and field observation and interviews with experts; Elites and subject matter experts will be used. The statistical population of the current research includes experts in the field of crisis management and urban resilience, in this regard, there is no explicit rule about the number of experts, and depending on the purpose of Delphi, the scope, the time of data collection, and the availability of resources, the number The participants are usually estimated to be between 15 and 50 people, and in the current research, 35 experts who are available and familiar with crisis management and urban resilience will be used. It is used to identify the key factors affecting the resilience of Tabriz metropolis. In this step, the factors extracted in the previous step are placed in a table two by two and are given to the panel members to value the effective factors based on specific numbers. Finally, the final questionnaire is entered into the Micmac software and based on The given scores are analyzed and key factors are extracted; And the SWAT method is used to identify the key points of knowing the factors in order to achieve social resilience in the identified susceptible areas of Tabriz metropolis. In the current research, after collecting the effective factors against the earthquake risk of Tabriz city using the environmental survey method and studying various sources, these factors were given to the members of the Delphi panel (consisting of 35 experts in the relevant field) in the form of a questionnaire in two rounds. Thus, in the first round, they were asked to determine the importance of each of the variables in the subject of the current research based on the Likert scale (5 degrees) and they were also asked to add their desired variables to the list in addition to the existing variables. do After examining the answers given in the first round of the Delphi panel, finally 87 variables were identified in 14 dimensions. In the second round of the Delphi panel, in order to finally confirm the variables for the analysis and continuation of the research, the factors confirmed in the first round in the form of a questionnaire They have been given to the relevant experts to re-score them. The results of the questionnaires in the second round were such that all the factors in the second round have been approved to continue the work by the experts of the Delphi panel. The factors and factors of the research have been mentionedResults and discussion: The results of the research showed that knowledge and social awareness, education and skills, ability and access to services are the most important drivers for creating resilient communities in Tabriz. Therefore, it is very important to adopt community-oriented crisis management solutions, empower citizens and use the power of awareness in order to actively participate in dealing with natural disasters such as earthquakes and increasing resilience. Why, if people have enough awareness and skills and are empowered, we can hope that when an earthquake occurs, they will be able to save their lives and those of their loved ones by reacting and behaving appropriately, and will suffer less physical, financial, and emotional damage. On the other hand, it should be kept in mind that the failure of modernization policies in the form of large-scale plans and re-reading the role of local communities in planning, along with the emergence of participatory paradigms in planning, necessitates the need to pay attention to individual and local measures. The emphasis of international assemblies on creating resilient communities and emphasizing the role of the local government in realizing this issue marks the beginning of a movement from the bottom up. These measures range from educating residents to formulating building regulations at local levels.Conclusion: The state of resilience of Tabriz city against the risk of earthquake is in a conservative position and it should be planned and improved by reducing the weak points and taking advantage of the opportunities; In this regard, the following strategies are suggested Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Evaluation and examination of the physical aspect of the city from the point of view of passive defense (Case study: the historical context of the Urmia)
mohammad fari maliheh babakhani rahim hashempourOrganizing the historical contexts of the city based on the requirements of passive defense due to the relationship between history, people, space and their activities is one of the most basic physical planning processes from the point of view of passive defense. The ma MoreOrganizing the historical contexts of the city based on the requirements of passive defense due to the relationship between history, people, space and their activities is one of the most basic physical planning processes from the point of view of passive defense. The main goal of this research is to evaluate and examine the physical dimension and its components in the historical context of Urmia from the point of view of passive defense. The current research is longitudinal in terms of time (prospective), in terms of practical results, and in terms of the goal of developing applied knowledge in a specific field, which is quantitative in terms of the research implementation process, and finally in terms of the type of descriptive-analytical goal and terms of the implementation logic The research is inductive. The method of collecting information is both field and documentary. Data collection tools include observation and questionnaires. The Sample size of this research includes 100 specialists in this field, who were selected in a non-random and purposeful way from experts. One-sample t-tests were used to analyze the collected data, and Spearman's correlation analysis was used to analyze the variables, which was evaluated through experts' opinions. Also, DEMATEL's decision-making method has been used to establish relationships between components. In order to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire from the experts of this subject and to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha test was used, which was confirmed. In this research, the physical, functional, human, access and flexibility components of the space have been used. The results of this research show that according to the results of the Spearman correlation test, the physical independent variable has a stronger relationship with the physical dimension from the point of view of passive defense than other components. Also, the results of DEMATEL model indicate that the physical component has the most relationship and the access component has the least relationship with other components.Extended AbstractIntroduction: Urmia due to its geostrategic location (close to the border of Turkey and Iraq) and high ethnic diversity and provincial centrality, it is considered one of the cities with a high potential for war and conflict and damage caused by threats, which causes a lot of insecurity in Urmia So that during the 8 years of the imposed war, this city was bombed more than 15 times and a large number of children and civilians lost their lives. In this regard, paying attention to the physical planning of the central area of Urmia, which is a concentration of political, social, and economic physical elements, doubles the importance of this issue. In general, due to the historical, cultural, and political importance of the historical context of Urmia city, it seems important to evaluate this area from a physical point of view. The main goal of this research is to evaluate and examine the physical dimension and its components in the historical context of Urmia from the point of view of passive defense.Methodology: The current research is longitudinal in terms of time (prospective), in terms of practical results, and in terms of the goal of developing applied knowledge in a specific field, which is quantitative in terms of the research implementation process, and finally in terms of the type of descriptive-analytical goal and terms of the implementation logic The research is inductive. The method of collecting information is both field and documentary. Data collection tools include observation and questionnaires. The Sample size of this research includes 100 specialists in this field, who were selected in a non-random and purposeful way from expert experts. To analyze the data, SPSS software were used. One-sample t-tests were used to analyze the collected data, and Spearman's correlation analysis was used to analyze the variables, which was evaluated through experts' opinions. Also, DEMATEL's decision-making method has been used to establish relationships between components. The Case study is the historical context of Urmia located in West Azerbaijan province. The historical context of this city is a collection of historical heritage that shows the historical and cultural identity of the city. In order to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, experts have been used and Cronbach's alpha test was also used to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire Both of them have been confirmed.Results and discussion: The results of this research show that according to the results of the one-sample t-test, in the physical component, the items of distance from high-rise buildings, infrastructure area, type of structures and building density were more important than the average level and Also, the items of distance from worn out fabric, level of occupancy, age and quality of buildings, dispersion of military and law enforcement centers have a medium level of importance. in the functional component of road width, distance from educational centers, distance from centers with support functions (distance from sports centers, medical centers, fire rescue and police centers), distance from industrial centers and hazardous products (gasoline pumps and factories, urban facility centers, etc.) and distance from open spaces (parks, recreational areas) were more important than the average level. in the human component, the items of literacy level and age status were above the average level of importance. in the access component, the item of access to public parking lots was of higher importance than the average level, as well as the items of suitable access for riders and compliance with the access hierarchy were of moderate importance. In the access component, the item of access to public parking lots was of higher importance than the average level, as well as the items of suitable access for riders and compliance with the access hierarchy were of moderate importance. In the component of space flexibility, the items of ability to use different routes, the possibility of expanding activities in the future, and the degree of flexibility of public spaces have a higher importance than the average level. Spearman's correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between independent and dependent variables to The results of this test indicate a significant positive relationship between the independent variable and dependent variables and Also, the physical independent variable has a stronger relationship with the physical aspect of physical planning than other components from the point of view of passive defense. Also, the results of DEMATEL model indicate that the physical component has the most relationship and the access component has the least relationship with other components.Conclusion: Organizing the historical contexts of the city based on the requirements of passive defense due to the relationship between history, people, space and their activities is one of the most basic physical planning processes from the point of view of passive defense. In fact, in addition to the defense content on the urban, national, and regional scale, the defense of the residents based in this context and the historical identity of this space is also considered and undoubtedly requires the cooperation and participation of social institutions and citizens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Evaluation of policies of the Islamic city council in the field of urban planning and architecture of Shiraz city from the perspective of sustainable development
Abdoljalil Sharifi mohammdali shariari Nafiseh Vaez,Councils, as institutions that derive their legitimacy and popularity from the people, can play an important role in urban policy-making through their decisions regarding urban form, especially in the fields of urban planning and architecture. The present study aimed to MoreCouncils, as institutions that derive their legitimacy and popularity from the people, can play an important role in urban policy-making through their decisions regarding urban form, especially in the fields of urban planning and architecture. The present study aimed to evaluate the urban policies of the Islamic City Council of Shiraz in the field of urban planning and architecture from the perspective of sustainable development. The research method was descriptive-survey, using a questionnaire tool. The statistical population of this study consisted of managers and heads of various departments of Shiraz municipality (executive experts) and university professors familiar with the research topic (academic experts). The sample size was calculated to be 113 individuals using Morgan's table. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. The study's findings indicated that for evaluating the urban policies of the Islamic Council, the Hagoort and Gunn model (1984) consisting of 5 dimensions of issue identification, policy formulation, decision-making, policy implementation, and policy evaluation can be used. To measure these dimensions, 19 components related to urban policy-making were identified based on the opinions of academic and executive experts in the field of urban planning. The results showed that at a significance level of less than 0.05, the dimensions and components related to urban policy-making were significant. The results also indicated that the status of the dimensions and components of the Islamic Council's urban policies was evaluated as average. The Friedman test results for ranking the dimensions and components of policy-making showed that among the dimensions, issue identification and among the components, the delegation of power and resources to the members of the Islamic Council obtained the highest rank. The results of the one-sample t-test also indicated that the performance of the Islamic Council in terms of urban planning and architecture policies was less than 0.05. In the field of urban planning, the best performance of the Islamic Council pertained to the consultation and legal supervision of the urban planning department and its affiliated units with a score of 0.803, and in the field of architecture, the best performance pertained to consultation and approval of regulations and decisions in the field of architecture with a score of 0.705.Extended AbstractIntroduction:In the current climate of urban expansion and urbanization, the Islamic city councils are important civil governance institutions that are responsible for realizing the rights of citizens in the urban area. The city council as a decision-making institution for urban development is more important today than ever before. The importance of councils in the administration of affairs is so great that in the decentralization system of governments where political and administrative power has been transferred to the provincial, urban, and rural levels, councils have significant importance (Tavakliniya and Noor Mohammadi, 2012). It is said that the main purpose of forming the Islamic City Council is to rapidly advance urban development programs through the cooperation and participation of the people, therefore, in Iran, councils find an existential philosophy as one of the institutions that supervise the performance of the public sector (Pirmozen, 2008). Islamic city councils are defined as the main guide of urban activities to realize the management of the urban unit. Therefore, according to the constitution and the approved law of Islamic councils dated (1375), the main task of urban management is assigned to the Islamic councils of the city, whose representatives are elected by the people (Nowrozi Far, 1380).Therefore, because of the aforementioned contents and the lack of research that evaluates the urban policy of the Islamic City Council from the perspective of sustainable development, and because sustainable development emphasizes qualitative and human criteria more than any other criterion, Therefore, to achieve a real stable situation in cities, it is necessary to develop policies to achieve sustainable cities. Therefore, this research seeks to evaluate the urban policies of the Shiraz Islamic Council (as a study) from the perspective of sustainable development, so that appropriate suggestions can be made from the results of such research to promote urban development.Methodology:This research is applied research in terms of nature and purpose. The descriptive-analytical research method and the research strategy used are quantitative. In this research, an attempt is made to use the positivist method in a theoretical framework and to analyze the research problem by using survey and field methods, considering the application of quantitative problems. The statistical population of the research consists of the managers and supervisors of various departments of Shiraz municipality (executive experts), which according to the available statistics include 138 people, as well as university professors familiar with the subject of the research (academic experts), of which 25 people were identified by the researcher. And as a result, the size of the statistical population reached 163 people. Random sampling method was used for sampling from the mentioned population and Morgan's table was used to determine the sample size, and the results showed that the required sample is 113 people. Also, the data collection tool of this research is a researcher-made questionnaire, the questions of which are designed and developed based on the components proposed in the research model (19 questions) and are used to collect data from the studied community after confirming validity and reliability.Results and discussion:After distributing 113 questionnaires among the members of the studied community, finally, 102 valid questionnaires (90% return rate) were obtained for analysis, and the information description of the received questionnaires showed: in terms of gender, nearly 57% (with a frequency of 58 people) of the answers The research respondents are women and about 43% (with a frequency of 44 people) of the respondents are men. Therefore, most of the research respondents are women. In terms of service history, the findings showed that 4.9% (with a frequency of 5 people) had less than 5 years, 41.1% (with a frequency of 42 people) between 5 and 10 years, 53.9% (with a frequency of 55 people ) have between 10 and 15 years of service experience. Therefore, most of the respondents have between 5 and 15 years of work experience (95%). Regarding the level of education, the results showed that 21.5% (with a frequency of 23 people) had a bachelor's degree and 78.4% (with a frequency of 80 people) had a master's degree or higher. Therefore, the absolute majority of respondents have a master's degree or higher. In terms of the type of employment, the results showed that 53.9% of the respondents have formal employment, 42% have contractual employment and the rest have contractual employment.Also, the result of the T-Tech exam indicates the performance of the Islamic Council in terms of policies in the field of urban planning and architecture at a level of less than 0.05. In the field of urban planning, the best performance of the Islamic Council was related to the index of consulting and exercising legal supervision over the deputy of urban planning and its affiliated units with a value of 0.803, and in the field of architecture, the index of consulting and approving regulations and approvals in the field of architecture was with a value of 3.705.Conclusion:The findings of the research showed that to evaluate the urban policies of the Islamic Council of Shiraz from the perspective of sustainable development, it is possible to use the Hogwood and Gann (1984) stage model consisting of 5 dimensions of problem identification, policy formulation, decision making, policy implementation, and policy evaluation. It was found that 19 components were used to measure the aforementioned dimensions according to the opinion of academic and executive experts in the urban area. Also, the results showed that at a significance level of 5%, 5 dimensions and 19 components related to them cannot be rejected. The ranking of the dimensions and components also indicated that among the dimensions that shape the evaluation of urban policies with emphasis on sustainable development, the highest rank is related to problem diagnosis and among the components that shape the evaluation of urban policies with emphasis on sustainable development, the highest ranks were respectively related to the components of the amount of delegation of power and resources to the members of the Islamic Council of the city and attention to urban diplomacy. The final result indicates the average policy situation of Shiraz Islamic Council. In this context, their policies and performance in the field of urban planning and architecture have also been significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Investigation of Influential Factors in Urban Crisis Management During Floods (Case Study: Sadra City, Fars province)
Alireza ValipourCrisis management in flood has a distinctive relationship with urban planning and management subjects. Yearly, floods cause a lot of damage to public and private property as well as loss of life. Inspecting the strengths and weaknesses of crisis management is strongly f MoreCrisis management in flood has a distinctive relationship with urban planning and management subjects. Yearly, floods cause a lot of damage to public and private property as well as loss of life. Inspecting the strengths and weaknesses of crisis management is strongly felt during floods. This research aims to recognize and rank all kinds of crises and organizational strengths and weaknesses. Sadra city, an area that is very prone to floods, has been selected as a case study. Initially, data was collected via interviews, literature review, and distributing questionnaires among 150 crisis management specialists. After that, the SWARA method was used to analyze data, which is one of the most optimum multi-criteria decision-making methods. According to the attained results, 10 strong points and 13 weak points were recognized during the flood crisis. Among these points, the flooding of roads, the blocking of access roads, and the water supply network cut-off were the most significant types of crises, respectively. Likewise, separate and selective maps of the city and quick and easy access to addresses and parts with different uses in any section of the city with a score of 0.1718, the newness of water and sewerage, electricity, gas, and telecommunications networks in the city with a score of 0.1418 and the absence of urban decay in the city or unprincipled and non-technical suburbs were identified as the most important strengths with a score of 0.1183. Besides, according to the respondents, the most important weakness is the rain in a short period with a high volume of runoff with a coefficient of 0.1992, which causes severe damage to tables and urban facilities, and residential houses.Extended AbstractIntroduction: In the last few years has proved that Iran to be disaster-prone country. Annual damage to public and private property and also loss of life due to the occurrence of these events is entered. Nonetheless, it is observed that crisis management is not conducted completely in Iran. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify and rank all kinds of crisis and weaknesses and strengths of organization. Factors affecting the organizational communication in crisis management were identified. The occurrence of these incidents in our country has taken many victims and caused major damages to the economic and social structure of the country. Past experiences in Iran show that dealing with natural disasters and their complications is a big challenge for the authorities. The reason for choosing the city of Sadra as a case study was the existence of many crises caused by the flood. Sadra city, as one of the new cities in Fars's province, faces the dangers and problems of the natural environment today. Therefore, it is essential to know the effective factors in reducing flood damage. The most important question of the research is that how and through what process can a suitable to investigate of Influential Factors in Urban Crisis Management During Floods? This research aims to recognize and rank all kinds of crises and organizational strengths and weaknesses. Sadra city, an area that is very prone to floods, has been selected as a case study.Methodology:In terms of purpose, this research is in the field of applied research, and in terms of research method, according to the subject and purpose, it is descriptive-analytical. The method of collecting information in this research is based on library-document studies and field studies. Data was collected through interview, a literature review and a questionnaire survey distributed among 150 crisis management experts. Data analysis was performed using statistical tests and SWARA method.Results and discussion:The results showed that the flooding of roads was the most important crisis in the occurrence of floods in Sadra. The purpose of this research was to fill this research gap by identifying and ranking the strengths and weaknesses of organizations and experts of the crisis management headquarters during the flood crisis in Sadra city in Fars province. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the desired information was obtained through interviews with experts and available documents. Finally, 10 strengths and 13 weaknesses were identified. The results showed that the top three factors in the strengths of flood crisis management in Sadra city include "the availability of all the city's segregation and classification maps and quick and easy access to addresses and parts with different uses in any part of the city" and "the newness of network facilities" "water and sewage-electricity-gas-communications in the city" and "absence of worn-out fabric in the city or unprincipled and non-technical settlements" had scores of 0.1718, 0.1408 and 0.1183, respectively. In addition to this, the results showed that three important weaknesses in crisis management include "rainfall in a short period of time with a high volume of runoff, which causes serious damage to the tables and urban facilities" and "the passage of all runoff after passing through the city's roads to the point of the city boundary line and leaving the city only from two points (Tang Jalab and Dukohak Road) which are the main access roads to the city" and "non-construction of flood dams or calm ponds or delays in the upstream points and the entry of runoff into the city during heavy rains causing stones to flow There is a lot of sand on the surface of the roads and clogging of the canals, as well as causing damage. Another goal of this research was to identify factors affecting organizational communication in crisis management. These identified factors included timely information, correct information, complete information, appropriate information, fast information, communication channels and feedback.Conclusion:It is one of the new cities of Iran and Fars province, which is located 18 kilometers northwest of Shiraz. Due to the occurrence of floods in Sadra city, it is necessary to identify and evaluate effective factors in flood control. By reviewing previous studies, it was observed that limited studies have been conducted in the field of crisis management during floods in Sadra city. The purpose of this research was to fill this research gap by identifying and ranking the strengths and weaknesses of organizations and experts of the crisis management headquarters during the flood crisis in Sadra city in Fars province. One of the goals of this research was to identify the factors affecting organizational communication in crisis management. These identified factors included timely information, correct information, complete information, appropriate information, fast information, communication channels and feedback. The meaning of timely information is that the decision maker gets the necessary information at the time of need. In fact, it should express the latest information about a phenomenon in a timely manner. Facilitate timely access to information to make decisions about how to prevent crises. Appropriate information means that the information can respond to what is requested by the recipient. In general, access to appropriate information is effective in identifying the early signs of a crisis and has helped crisis managers in emergency situations. Correct information means that there are no mistakes or errors in the information and that it provides accurate information to the decision makers. This correct information prevents the recurrence of past crises. The results of this study can be used in determining the appropriate strategy as well as covering the weak points in flood crisis management in Sadra city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Studying the Impact of Multi-Functional Architectural Approaches on Adaptive Reuse of the Industrial Architecture Heritage of Tehran City
Hamid Asadi hamed abediniThis urban issue of terminating and ignoring such buildings as heritage of industrial architecture has caused the closure of this constructions, in spite of having an applicable life cycle and architectural principles; however, by some reactions from various institution MoreThis urban issue of terminating and ignoring such buildings as heritage of industrial architecture has caused the closure of this constructions, in spite of having an applicable life cycle and architectural principles; however, by some reactions from various institutions and to promote economic and social sustainability, the condition for having a new application and restoration these industrial buildings as a heritage is provided, which are examples of the experiences of adaptability in Iran as the main focus of this research. Therefore, the aim of this research is to review the successful experiences of multi-functional and universal adaptable architecture to compare their strategies with the heritage of industrial experiences in the city of Tehran. In this research, the studies of adaptability for universal samples are considered as the basis for exploring the multi-functional architectural strategies. The approaches include three physical layers of the building structure, facilities and facade, which have been evaluated by using Delphi method on the heritage of industrial architecture in city of Tehran as a statistical population. The non-parametric statistical tests of Cochran's Q test and Friedman's test, were applied to analyze data; the theoretical sampling method for both statistical population (Tehran's industrial architectural heritage) and (relevant experts) was adopted. According to the expert’s ideas, the strategies of two-layered structure and facade in the target buildings were confirmed; according to the data analysis, ‘Argo Factory’ had the highest Degrees of Freedom (df) regarding the structure layer, and in relation to the facade, the ‘Iranian Artists Forum’ with the highest average test rank, showed the highest conformity of the facade and the structure. However, regarding the facilities, no compliance of the facility was found. The industrial architectural heritage of Tehran includes some buildings that reused for another purpose as: Argo Factory (changed to Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre), Iranshahr Barracks (Iranian Artists Forum), Beryank Hosiery Factory (Haftchenar's Museum of Wildlife and Natural Monuments) and Qasr Prison (Qasr Garden Museum/ Museum of the Qasr Prison). The target buildings were ranked according to the data acquired by calculating mean rank for the strategies were applied for each layer. According to the results, two characteristics were found in the industrial buildings that can highly affect the adaptive reuse of the heritage of industrial architecture, 1. the concentration of the structure at the lowest points and limited spaces with more free spaces compared to its counterparts, and 2. the adaptation of the building facade to the structure.Extended AbstractIntroduction:The physical and spatial development of Tehran city has caused the relocation of industrial buildings from sub-urban areas to enclosed dense urban places. This issue has resulted in the closure of the industrial architectural heritage despite having useful structural cycles and architectural values. Economically, this untimely destruction of industrial buildings and closing of the plant, while they could still be in their useful life cycle by repairing at a lower cost, caused unrecoverable damages to the economy of developing countries. Under the light of new urban spaces, the process of industrialization has changed the appearance, landscape, and entity of cities, as the industrial urban spaces could historically link to the past life of cities.The industrial architectural heritage, as an implication for the historical achievements of the territory in the modern age, is required to be recognized and preserved. Protecting the existing values of these lands, which are mainly considered as their contemporary heritage of them, requires a comprehensive assessment for finding their physical elements while finding a new application for them for revitalizing them. Therefore, the multi-functionality and adaptability of these spaces, before and after the renovation, should be considered, which is critical for verifying their application to adaptive reuse. In this regard, several measures have been taken in Iran with the cooperation of some institutions to promote economic and social stability and give new applications to these buildings for revitalizing these abundant spaces. These are examples of adaptability in Iran and the kind of experiences which form the foundation of this research. So, this study aims to investigate the successful universal experiences of multi-functional and adaptive architectures to compare their strategies with similar experiences in the industrial heritage of Tehran city.This research was mainly focused on the following actions: 1. Reusing the buildings that are selected for this purpose and revitalizing the abundant spaces, 2. A better selection of buildings, and improving their new function, and 3. reducing the cost of renovation and revitalizing these buildings. Thereby, the relationship between multi-functional architectural features as an independent variable and adaptive reuse of industrial buildings as a dependent variable has been studied.Methodology:An exploratory research method has been used for this study, in which the survey passed through five phases by adapting the indicators for the target society. In this research, the previous studies and experiences on adaptability in the world were applied as examples for adopting multi-functional architectural strategies, which included three physical layers of the building 'structure', 'facilities', and 'façade'. The gathering data was evaluated by applying the Delphi method to the industrial architectural heritage of Tehran city as a statistical population. To get this, the relevant graph of each layer was sketched for each target building consequently.In the graph of the structure, in addition to the load-bearing constructions, other parts with a high risk of destruction, due to the long life of the target structures, were presented, together with the graph of facilities including restrooms, kitchens, and spaces with access to vertical shafts. Finally, the part of facades presented in the graph, including non-opening and hard parts, such as bricks and masonry components that were either irreplaceable or their replacement brought the risk of destroying the adjacent parts.After accomplishing the first step of Delphi, by using diagrams and analyzing the data acquired, a questionnaire was presented to the interviewee who was experts in the field of architecture, academic professors, architecture Ph.D. researchers, and skillfully experienced architects in the relevant field; following this, the gathering data were examined for next evaluation to determine the positive and negative opinions. Then, in case of disagreements on layers, the questionnaire was presented to the experts again together with the results of 'distribution frequency', based on the dichotomous variables and rank cases, according to the previous results of Friedman's testData analysis was performed by applying the Friedman and Cochran Q tests and a theoretical-based method was applied for the sampling of the statistical population of industrial architectural heritage of Tehran and the relevant experts. The industrial architectural heritage of Tehran city in this study included: 1 Argo Factory (Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre), Iranshahr Barracks (Iranian Artists Forum), Beryank Hosiery Factory (Haftchenar's Museum of Wildlife and Natural Monuments) and Qasr Prison (Qasr Garden Museum/ Museum of the Qasr Prison) which were ranked according to the mean rank calculated for each layer. Results & Discussion:According to the positive opinions of the experts, the introduced strategies for two layers of structure and facade of target buildings were reviewed and confirmed; Based on the data acquired for the structure layer, 'Argo Factory' showed the highest Degrees of Freedom (df) for spaces and for the facade layer, the 'House of Artists' had the highest average rank for facade-structure conformity. However, in the facilities layer, the adaptability between the building facade and the structure was not confirmed.According to the results, the concentration of the structure in the lowest points with more free spaces was confirmed together with the adaptation of the facade to the structure as two characteristics in industrial buildings that were noticeable in the process of adaptive reuse of target buildings.Conclusion:For industrial buildings, Degrees of Freedom (df) for spaces are highly required due to their specific function, which can provide more future functions. Specifically, regarding the two industrial plants of 'Argo Factory' and 'Beryank Hosiery Factory' more free spaces are required due to the large scale of facilities and activities, similar to 'The House of Artists' and 'Qasr Garden Museum', which are facing a larger scale of population than other their counterparts. Such indicators can be effective in architectural heritage buildings for giving new future applications to them and improving adaptive reuse. Manuscript profile
-
The rights to this website are owned by the Raimag Press Management System.
Copyright © 2021-2024