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List of Articles
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Open Access Article
1 - Antibiotic resistance and presence of integron class 1 and class 2 genes amongst Escherichia coli isolates of urine specimens of inpatients and outpatients in Ahvaz, southern of Iran
Abbas Farahani Mahsa Dastranj Jebreil Shamseddin Hojat Veisi Saber Soltani Hadi KalantarIntegrons play an essential role in spreading antibiotic resistance genes among Escherichia coli isolates. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of class 1 and 2 integrons amongst Escherichia coli isolates producing broad-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) MoreIntegrons play an essential role in spreading antibiotic resistance genes among Escherichia coli isolates. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of class 1 and 2 integrons amongst Escherichia coli isolates producing broad-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in patients with urinary tract infections referred to Ahvaz teaching Hospital in 2017-2018. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, isolates were determined using conventional methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was measured by agar disc diffusion method. Production of ESBLs enzymes was measured via double disc method. Finally, presence of genes related to class 1 and 2 integrons was done using specific primers and Polymerase chain reaction method. Amongst 123 Escherichia coli ESBLs producing isolates the highest resistance was related to Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, Cotrimoxazole and, Nalidixic acid, respectively, and the least resistance was related to Imipenem. About 84 (68.29%) isolates had multiple drug resistance (MDR). Additionally, 93 (75.60 %) isolates had class 1 integron and 11 (8.94 %) isolates had class 2 integron. There were no significant relationships between the presence of integrons and resistance to different antibiotics (p > 0.05). High prevalence of class 1 integron amongst Escherichia coli isolates producing broad-spectrum β-lactamase may contribute to resistance to common antibiotics. Therefore, identifying frequency of integrons and their relationship with drug resistance patterns seems to be necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Detection of Escherichia coli in pharmaceutical and water samples using a biosensor based on carbon nanotubes containing gold nanoparticles
Fatemeh Behoftadeh Mohammad Faezi Ghasemi Ali Mojtahedi khosro Issazadeh Mostafa GolshekanBackground & Objectives: Escherichia coli is an important indicator in the quality control of pharmaceutical and real samples. This study compares the detection of this bacterium by regular method and a biosensor based on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) on glassy MoreBackground & Objectives: Escherichia coli is an important indicator in the quality control of pharmaceutical and real samples. This study compares the detection of this bacterium by regular method and a biosensor based on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) on glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) in pharmaceutical and water as real sample. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the conventional culture method (pour plate) and modified biosensor based on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on glassy carbon electrode with the arrangement of GC/MWCNTs/AuNPs/Ab/BSA were used for the detection of E. coli. Dilutions of E. coli between (1 ×101–1×108 CFU/ml) were used in pharmaceutical and water samples, prepared in 0.1 M PBS (pH 7.4), mixed with 0.5mM acetaminophen. The efficiency of the designed biosensor was investigated using SEM, Cyclic Voltammetry, and Square-Wave Voltammetry electrochemical techniques, as well as interfering bacteria. Results: The results of E. coli detection using the conventional culture and designed biosensor were not statistically significant. The designed biosensor had a high sensitivity with accuracy in 3 minutes and LOD 3.02 CFU/ml for Escherichia coli. Conclusion: Considering the time-consuming and influenced by environmental factors in the microbial monitoring of pharmaceuticals for E. coli detection in conventional methods and the risk of losing pharmaceutical products, the biosensor has good efficiency in detection with low cost and no need for enrichment in a small volume of samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Identification and evaluation of antidiabetic activity of bacteria isolated from Persian Gulf sponges
Atefeh Ansarizadeh Farshid Kafilzadeh Saeid Tamadoni Jahromi Mohammad Kargar Mohsen GozariBackground and purpose: Screening and identification of bacteria associated with sponges is an important step in the discovery of new drugs. The purpose of this research was to isolate and identify bacteria associated with sponges around Hormuz Island and to find bacter MoreBackground and purpose: Screening and identification of bacteria associated with sponges is an important step in the discovery of new drugs. The purpose of this research was to isolate and identify bacteria associated with sponges around Hormuz Island and to find bacteria that produce metabolites that inhibit the activity of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase enzymes. Materials and methods: In this study, 25 samples of Haliclona and Niphatea sponges were collected from 6 stations. Identification was done based on phenotypic characteristics. Bacteria were cultured in broth nutrient medium and their secondary metabolites were extracted by ethyl acetate. The inhibition rate of metabolites against alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase was evaluated based on colorimetric methods. The toxicity of metabolites against normal umbilical cord endothelial cell line was investigated. The productive bacteria were identified by polyphasic taxonomy approach. Results: A total of 105 bacteria were isolated. Vibrio and Bacillus bacteria with 32.81% and 17.19% in Haliclona sp. and 19.51% and 34.15% in Niphatea sp. The metabolites extracted from 3 isolates inhibited amylase enzyme activity with IC50 values ranging from 0.248 to 366.8 µg/ml. Also, 4 isolates produced inhibitory metabolites against alpha-glucosidase enzyme in IC50 values from 159.4 to 670.9 µg/ml. Based on the results of polyphasic identification of capable isolates including Bacillus pumilus HH 165, Pseudomonas lurida HH 124, Streptomyces sp. HN 235, Bacillus tequilensis HN 231. Conclusion: In this study, 3 strains of bacteria producing inhibitory compounds, including alpha-ambellase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes, and without cytotoxicity were identified. The mentioned bacteria can be suitable candidates in diabetes studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Ephedra intermedia extract and evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant properties
Mina Tetrontan Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Hamdi Maryam Ebrahimi TajabadiBackground & Objective: Ephedra intermedia species from the Ephedraceae family is a shrubby plant and is considered among the primitive plants. The aim of this study is to synthesize silver nanoparticles from the extract of this species in order to investigate its antim MoreBackground & Objective: Ephedra intermedia species from the Ephedraceae family is a shrubby plant and is considered among the primitive plants. The aim of this study is to synthesize silver nanoparticles from the extract of this species in order to investigate its antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. Materials and methods: First, methanolic extract was prepared and silver nanoparticles were synthesized using silver salt. A spectrophotometric device was used to verify silver nanoparticles and a scanning electron microscope was used to check its dimensions and shape. FTIR analysis was used to investigate the possible organic compounds involved in the synthesis of nanoparticles, and to determine the concentration of nanoparticles, the analysis was performed by AAS and the antioxidant properties were evaluated by the DPPH method. In order to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, MBC and MIC and disking method were used. Results: The nanoparticles produced were spherical and in the range of 30-89 nm, and the most effective group of agents that played a role in its production were the hydroxyl group (O-H) and alkene compounds (C=C), and the concentration of biosynthetic nanoparticles was 2.25 mg/liter indicates a high concentration of synthesized nanowires. The results of MIC and MBC tests were the same and its concentration was 2000 μg/ml. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that the biosynthetic nanoparticle obtained from Ephedra Intermedia is more effective in inhibiting the growth of bacteria than the commercial nanoparticle, so it can be used as an alternative in pharmaceutical, medical and disinfectant applications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Examination of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of enhancin enzyme in baculoviruses
Maryam Rashki Mojtaba MortazaviBackground & Objectives: A number of gene groups are conserved in some entomopathogenic baculoviruses, and one of these groups is the enhancin. In the present research, the nucleotide and protein sequence of enhancin and the phylogenetic relationships between them were MoreBackground & Objectives: A number of gene groups are conserved in some entomopathogenic baculoviruses, and one of these groups is the enhancin. In the present research, the nucleotide and protein sequence of enhancin and the phylogenetic relationships between them were investigated along with codon analysis of nucleotide sequences and motifs using computer databases. Materials & Methods: Sixty-seven nucleotide and amino acid sequences related to enhancin gene were extracted from GenBank and used to draw a phylogenetic tree based on the maximum likelihood method. Nucleotide sequences related to nine selected genes were selected and extracted from the Sequence Manipulation Suite database to check the frequency of codons. MOTIF Search site was used to find motifs in amino acid sequences. Results: The tree drawn based on nucleotide and amino acid sequences showed two and three main groups, respectively. The sequences of Agrotis segetum granulovirus, Operophtera brumata nucleopolyhedrovirus, and Choristoneura fumiferana multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus were each in their own separate group. In all nine selected nucleotide sequences, the most abundant codons included ATG and TGG that were associated with methionine and tryptophan, respectively. In the amino acid sequences, the conserved sequence HEXXH was identified. Unconserved sequences corresponding to HAISF, HCMAE, QTLGD, HQXXH and HVXXH were found in some sequences. Conclusion: Since the production and secretion of enhancin enzyme as much as possible can be used to increase the insecticidal activity of baculoviruses and be used commercially for pest control, bioinformatics studies to predict the nucleotide and amino acid characteristics of the mentioned proteins in this field, especially with the production of recombinant baculoviruses, can be helpful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - In silico analysis of pMGA1.2 protein of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in vaccine and pathogenic strains
Farzaneh Pourkarimi Fatideh Majid Esmaelizad Mohammad Kargar Majid Tebianian Farshid KafilzadehBackground & Objectives: Mycoplasma gallisepticum, the pathogen responsible for chronic respiratory disease in chickens, is the most economically important species of Mycoplasma that causing tremendous economic losses worldwide. The most abundant membrane proteins i MoreBackground & Objectives: Mycoplasma gallisepticum, the pathogen responsible for chronic respiratory disease in chickens, is the most economically important species of Mycoplasma that causing tremendous economic losses worldwide. The most abundant membrane proteins in M. gallisepticum are pMGA, lipoproteins of about 67 kDa. The pMGA family genes have an extraordinary potential for diversifying antigenic structure on the surface of Mycoplasma gallisepticum cells. The aim of this study was to compare the pMGA protein patterns between different strains and hosts of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Material & Methods: All Mycoplasma gallisepticum full genomes available in GenBank till January 2020 were considered and pMGA1.2 sequences were identified, grouped and coded. pMGA1.2 protein with a chain of 650 amino acids between two different hosts (poultry and house finch) was studied by bioinformatics software in all Mycoplasma gallisepticum full genomes. Results: pMGA1.2 gene among different strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum showed five major groups with more than 10 percent divergence. Based on multiple sequence alignment, a specific pattern was identified in house finch isolates. Interestingly, two specific motifs 480DNQNVSNQ487 and 639SSNVSSPSY647 were found in the pMGA1.2 of TS-11 strain, which can probably be used as markers to identify and differentiate this vaccine strain from pathogenic Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Conclusion: This study showed that pMGA1.2 protein have some B-cell epitope antigenic regions that are conserved among all isolates and might be applicable to design serological test for detection antibody against Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Manuscript profile
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