Intellectuals are among the social classes that create new forms of social, political, and cultural patterns and there is no denying the power of their transformation in society. The most important of an intellectual is their critical and questioning spirit and they als
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Intellectuals are among the social classes that create new forms of social, political, and cultural patterns and there is no denying the power of their transformation in society. The most important of an intellectual is their critical and questioning spirit and they also show a tendency to fight against the established powers. Its constituent forces can be clerics, journalists, teachers, professors, party activists, and artists. The main demand of these intellectuals was the establishment of a new European-style law system, the re-identification and national traditions of Iran, prohibiting clerics from interfering in politics and establishing new political institutions based on national sovereignty, and creating a modern national government. In examining the position of these forces in the era of Reza Shah, mostly the forces critical of the government and outside Reza Khani's political apparatus have intended to comment. Reza Shah's period is one in which important developments in the public and higher education, as well as movements in the modernization of the education system and higher education occurred in Iran. As a result, the enlightenment phenomenon manifests itself on a larger scale. The government's critical behavior eventually led to Reza Shah's strong reaction to them till the intellectuals were either imprisoned or attracted to Reza Shah's apparatus and due to the lack of public base, they were unable to make a significant impact on developments. In addition, Reza Shah was not optimistic about intellectual activities and that got the intellectuals out of the way individually, either organizationally or in groups
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