Journal of  History (Tarikh): 52 (52)

Open Access Article

1 - Iranian musician UrmuI performances in Baghdad mongul period
MOHAMMAD REZA HASHEMI NIA mohammad sepehri satar oudi

Iranian musician UrmuI had many ups and downs in his life. He lived with his family as a child and left Urmia with the idea of learning to travel to Baghdad before the Mongol invasions left. There, he found himself at the cultural, political and scientific center of the More

Iranian musician UrmuI had many ups and downs in his life. He lived with his family as a child and left Urmia with the idea of learning to travel to Baghdad before the Mongol invasions left. There, he found himself at the cultural, political and scientific center of the Islamic world. He studied in the most explicit documentary of his time, the most famous school of his day, and evolved into various arts and sciences. It was not long before he found himself with the Abbasid caliph and his companionship, and this dry period ended with the invasion of Hulako, a situation that was tactfully and artistically restored to life and to the glory of the past, and then back to the service of the junior ministers. Closed and this period was not too late and all his pleasures ended and the only way he could get to jail was on his way to hormone. He was finally imprisoned at the age of five for failing to pay off his debt and was imprisoned there for six months. And the humiliation died Manuscript profile

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2 - Ethical Criticism of the Historical Text of the Book of Ardeshir Babakan
Asieh Zabihnia Emran

Ardeshir Babakan's 400-year-old work is one of the Pahlavi texts that contains the ideas of Ardeshir Babakan, the founder of the Sassanid dynasty. Many ethical virtues have been attributed to him in the context of Ardeshir's work, and he brings him to the point of natio More

Ardeshir Babakan's 400-year-old work is one of the Pahlavi texts that contains the ideas of Ardeshir Babakan, the founder of the Sassanid dynasty. Many ethical virtues have been attributed to him in the context of Ardeshir's work, and he brings him to the point of national and epic heroism, which includes all the transcendental moral traits, such as despair, kindness, fearlessness, perseverance and sincerity. Ardeshir seems to believe that Iran's national identity is against Enyran. Advice generally refers to the duties of man toward himself, the Lord and others. In these wit and wisdom statements, human life is measured in the universe, and narrow-mindedness, hustle and bustle Wills and other evil traits will be blamed. Advice has been in all the languages and everywhere, everywhere and everywhere, and there is a general state to each nation; since virtues and moral vices are rooted in human nature, in all cultures and languages, The purpose of this article is to examine and analyze the words and phrases in the text of Ardeshir Babakan's text. Manuscript profile

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3 - A historical- legal study on modifications over the international oil and gas concession agreements
mehdi abbasi sarmadi habib ollah safakish kashani

  In the1930s, the world's oil was controlled by 7 great international oil companies who were famous as the "Seven Sisters". These companies not only controlled oil transportation, refining, sale and marketing but also dominated the oil reserves. Their domination More

  In the1930s, the world's oil was controlled by 7 great international oil companies who were famous as the "Seven Sisters". These companies not only controlled oil transportation, refining, sale and marketing but also dominated the oil reserves. Their domination over the oil reserves was guaranteed by old concession contracts mechanism which made too much benefit to them. Management of the oil market and determination of oil price for a very long period was the natural consequence of this domination. These companies by dividing the demand market among themselves disabled the market to determine price through the mechanism of competition. These conditions caused the host countries by constituting international coalitions ( such as Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries "OPEC") play the main role in determination of the oil price and at the meantime by reviewing of the experiences arisen from the old concession agreements, tried to  revise them to be more nationalized.in this article, we are seeking to raise a historical-legal analysis from the trend of the changes in international petroleum concession agreements which has been started before the 1950s and amended after the world war II until the last years of the 20th century. Manuscript profile

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4 - Iranian families and elites in the translation movement Course of Study: The Caliphate of Aaron al-Rashid and Mamoun Abbasi
mohammad reza hamedi soheila shokri

The political and cultural role of Iranian In the middle of 2nd A.H century especially in the period of Harun al Rashid and his child Mamun caliphate Islamic world witnessed a scientific development. With taking advantage of translation Iranian works, Islamic culture a More

The political and cultural role of Iranian In the middle of 2nd A.H century especially in the period of Harun al Rashid and his child Mamun caliphate Islamic world witnessed a scientific development. With taking advantage of translation Iranian works, Islamic culture and civilization developed. Many Iranian interference in this moment, the most famous ones were Honein ebn Eshag, Ebn – Emogffa, (ruz be), Ale how boxt, Baxtishu. This scientists and translators, by cooperation with Muslims and Non-muslims, translated Many works which were in the field of medicine, mathematics, Geometry, astrology, philosophy and soon, and presented them to Islamic and Hamanity world. In this activity, scientific centers like Jondy Shapur University Supported them. Manuscript profile

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5 - An Analysis of political Relations between Bakhtiari Ilkhan and the Qajar Shah
ghafar porbakhtiar abdolaziz movahed

An Analysis of political Relations between Bakhtiari Ilkhan and the Qajar Shah            The relationship between Qajar Shahs (kings) and Bakhtirai Ilkhans underwent numerous ups and downs from the assignment of the first Bakhtiari Ilkh More

An Analysis of political Relations between Bakhtiari Ilkhan and the Qajar Shah            The relationship between Qajar Shahs (kings) and Bakhtirai Ilkhans underwent numerous ups and downs from the assignment of the first Bakhtiari Ilkhani by Naser al-Din Shah’s mandate in 1857 to the Constitutional Revolution. Five factors can be enumerated for this. Keeping tribal and inter-tribal order and security, tax collection and its payment to the Qajar state treasury, providing the government with cavalries and assisting it in domestic and foreign wars, developing friendly relations with the Shah and Qajar officials, and eventually a Ilkhani’s overpowering were the most important factors affecting the relationship between Bakhtiari underwent and Qajar Shah. The present study examines the impact of each of these factors. The results indicate that the overpowering of Ilkhanis, which threatened the Qajar Shah and his Court, affected the relationship between the two parties, especially the fate of a certain Ilkhani, more than any other factor.          Keywords: Qajar Shah, Bakhtiari Ilkhan, security, power, tax, relationship   Manuscript profile

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6 - Government in Shiite Imams' political theory
sina forozesh

the Islamic state is based on revelation-based thought or action, or more precisely, based on the interpretation of revelation. Hence, the recognition and evaluation of various theories about the state in Islam is a set of interpretations, each of which has a certain st More

the Islamic state is based on revelation-based thought or action, or more precisely, based on the interpretation of revelation. Hence, the recognition and evaluation of various theories about the state in Islam is a set of interpretations, each of which has a certain structure and speaks of certain functions and achievements. Now, the fundamental question of this research is the role and function of government in Shiite Imams' political theory. The present research hypothesis is that in the Shi'a's view, any government in the absence of time is illegitimate and must go to a comprehensive jurisprudence to resolve some of its affairs. This issue has led Shiite jurisprudents, while adhering to the fundamental principles of the Shi'a, regarding the Imamate and the leadership of the society, in certain circumstances, permit the cooperation and acceptance of the responsibility of the sultans, in spite of the illegitimate perception of the monarchy, the execution of a part of Soltani's orders under the titles of adoration To legitimize or maintain the system. In this research, the method of historical research (inductive) has been used, which seeks to explain the historical reasoning of the subject, observing the trusted and preserving of scientific principles, and also with an objective look at the events and events of the historical documentary that are presented in the documents and historical sources Pay. Key words: government, Islam, political theory, Shiite Imamiyah, Safavid, Qajar. Manuscript profile

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7 - The Iranian religious beliefs impact on Mongol masters inclination toward developing religious endowments (since Ogtay Khan (626 AH) to Qazaan Khan (694 AH))
zahra mobasher amini satar oodi mohammad sepehri

Waqf is one of the cultural and social traditions of the Iranian era, which has been influenced by numerous factors throughout history. The present research sought to find the answer to the question of what is the relation between the development of the waqf tradition a More

Waqf is one of the cultural and social traditions of the Iranian era, which has been influenced by numerous factors throughout history. The present research sought to find the answer to the question of what is the relation between the development of the waqf tradition and religious beliefs of the people of that time. Research method is based on documentary information collection. The results showed that at the beginning of the Mongol`s invasion they constructed temples or churchs, but gradually they influenced by the beliefs of the Iranian Shiites and attempted to expand religious endowments. In addition, the two Islamic characters in their court, called Khajeen Siir-al-Din Tusi and Shamsuddin-i-Joveini, played a major role in the development and rehabilitation of the waqf tradition despite the contradiction of their beliefs with the rulers. Manuscript profile

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