Developmental Biology: 4 (4)

Open Access Article

1 - The development of ovule and pollen grain in Antirrhinum majus L.

In this research, developmental stages of ovule and pollen grains of Antirrhinum majus from Scrophulariaceae family were studied. The flowers and buds, in different developmental stages, were removed, fixed in FAA70, stored in 70% ethanol, embedded in paraffin and then More

In this research, developmental stages of ovule and pollen grains of Antirrhinum majus from Scrophulariaceae family were studied. The flowers and buds, in different developmental stages, were removed, fixed in FAA70, stored in 70% ethanol, embedded in paraffin and then sliced at 7-10 μm by microtome. Staining was carried out with Eosin and contrasted with Hematoxylin. The prepared slides were studied using light microscope.The results indicated that anthers were tetra-sporangiate and anther tapetum type was as secretory type one. Pollen tetrads were tetragonal and tetrahedral. Cytokinesis was synchronous. Mature pollen grains, were two celled and tricolpate without any exine decorations. Ovule was anatropous, unitegumic and tenuinucellate. Embryo sac development was Polygonum type. The shape of megaspore tetrads was linear form. Functional megaspore was the chalazal one. Presence of secretory hairs or trichome in the surface of petals, filaments and pistil was these plants specific characteristic. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Study of cytotoxic effects of alcoholic extract of salvia officinalis onThe 4T1 cell line derived from mouse mammary tumors in BALB/ c.

The aim of This study investigated the effects of cytotoxic plants sage (Salvia officinalis) on 4T1 cell line derived from mammary tumors in BALB / c mice is discussed. 4T1 cell line was prepared from Pastur Institue of Iran, after transferring to the University of Arak More

The aim of This study investigated the effects of cytotoxic plants sage (Salvia officinalis) on 4T1 cell line derived from mammary tumors in BALB / c mice is discussed. 4T1 cell line was prepared from Pastur Institue of Iran, after transferring to the University of Arak, Fused cells were frozen in dry ice, Then were cultured in medium RPMI1640, FBS10%, Were then placed in a CO2 incubator. Dried leaves of Sage were extracted using digestion method with the help of methanol and filtrated by filter paper. One part of extract was kept away, and to separate the non polar compounds, the rest of the extract was washed with non polar solvents (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate). Then the solvents were removed by rotary evaporator and then the desirable dilutions of extracts as well as Taxol were prepared. After 24 hours treatment of the cells with the extract and taxol the cell viability was evaluated by Trypan blue dye exclusion and MTT colorimetric assay.Aqueous extract and Taxol showed significant cytotoxic effects on breast cells cancerous. according to this study Aqueous extract of sage (Salvia officinalis)had a dose dependent cytotoxic effect on cancerous cells which was comparable to Taxol cytotoxicity, Metastasis is the most powerful class of 4T1 cell and a good model for studies of breast cancer. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The effects of infrasound on growth of the cell cultures inNicotianatabacum

Infrasonic wave (0-20HZ) is a kind of mechanical waves. Infrasound is created by various natural and artificial sources in world. Animal and human studies of Infrasound have reported biological effects after exposure at high level.plant sensitivity to mechanical stimuli More

Infrasonic wave (0-20HZ) is a kind of mechanical waves. Infrasound is created by various natural and artificial sources in world. Animal and human studies of Infrasound have reported biological effects after exposure at high level.plant sensitivity to mechanical stimuli is obviousbut Infrasonic wave effect on culture of plant cell remains still unknown. The purpose of this article is the effect of Infrasound on thecell cultures Nicotianatabacum barley 21 L. cv.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Study of the repair of bone defect using chitosan - gelatin membrane and adipose - derived stem cells in Albino Wistar adult rat (histomorphometrical and immunological evaluations)

Adipose - derived stem cells are multipotent cells that capable to differentiate into osteogenic cells, the scaffold of chitosan and gelatin as biodegradable and compatible used for tissues repair. The control group that received no treatment after the bone defect, 2 s More

Adipose - derived stem cells are multipotent cells that capable to differentiate into osteogenic cells, the scaffold of chitosan and gelatin as biodegradable and compatible used for tissues repair. The control group that received no treatment after the bone defect, 2 sham : that the defect in the bone defect was injected medium, 3- (gelatin - chitosan) that the membrane gelatin - chitosan was used into the bone defect. 4. ADSC: that ADSC cell transplanted into the defect. 5 : (cell - the cell membrane of gelatin – chitosan) was used into the bone defect.  Histomorphometric evaluations in the different groups studied. The mean area of trabeculae in groups of membranes, cells and cell - membrane significantly increased when compared to the control group. Also the mean number of osteocytes and cells in the bone defect in groups of cells and cell - membrane significantly decreased when compared to the control group. Although in the chitosan - gelatin group, mean number of osteocytes decreased but were not significant. It seems that use of scaffold of chitosan - gelatin membrane and ADSC cell transplantation to be effective in repair of bone defect. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Study on the developmental stages of Alcea aucheri (Boiss) Alef

In this study, anther wall development and microsporogenesis were examined in Alcea aucheri (Malvaceae) microscopicllay using the common histological procedures. The flowers and buds, in different developmental stages, were collected from the natural habitats, fixed in More

In this study, anther wall development and microsporogenesis were examined in Alcea aucheri (Malvaceae) microscopicllay using the common histological procedures. The flowers and buds, in different developmental stages, were collected from the natural habitats, fixed in FAA, stored in ethanol 70%, embedded in paraffin wax and sliced at 7-10 µm with a microtome. Staining was carried out with Hematoxylin and Eosine. According to results of this study, anddevelopment of anther wall is of dicotyledounstype and composed of one-layered epidermis, an endothecium, one middle layer and tapetum. Tapetum layer is of the amoeboid type. The meiosis division follows by simultaneous cytokinesis, producing tetrahedral tetrads, frequently. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Anatomical studies of leaf, stem, rhizome and pollens in Polygonatum (Asparagaceae) in Iran

Polygonatum belongs to Asparagaceae with having 60 species in worldwide that distribution in temperate of north hemispherical, especially in the Hymalaia, Japan, China, India, Korea, Afghanistan, Nepal, Pakistan, Iran, Syria, east-north of America and Europea that 3 occ More

Polygonatum belongs to Asparagaceae with having 60 species in worldwide that distribution in temperate of north hemispherical, especially in the Hymalaia, Japan, China, India, Korea, Afghanistan, Nepal, Pakistan, Iran, Syria, east-north of America and Europea that 3 occur in Iran. These species as such as: P. orientale, P. sewerzowii and P. glaberrinum. Polygonatum growth in the forests of Prolific and dense. These researches have been in the next of taxonomy studies as such as anatomical leaf, stem and rhizome and pollen micromorphology. The aim of this studies is survey identification between of species in the base of anatomical features of leaf, stem and rhizome and micrograph electron microscopy features pollen. the result indicate that feature of anatomy and palynology can be using for identification between species. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Effect of Bee venom on VEGF-A expression in HL-60 cell line

Research indicates that bee venom has potent anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anticancer. Angiogenesis or new blood vessel formation, which is required for embryonic development and many physiological events, plays a crucial role in many pathological conditions such as More

Research indicates that bee venom has potent anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anticancer. Angiogenesis or new blood vessel formation, which is required for embryonic development and many physiological events, plays a crucial role in many pathological conditions such as tumor growth. One of the main genes which is involved in the process of angiogenesis is VEGF-A. In this in vitro study, the effects of Bee venom extract on VEGF-A expression were examined. In this experimental study, HL-60  cells were grown in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) and incubated at 37˚C with 5% CO2. After 24 h of cell culture, they were treated by the Bee venom at concentrations of 2, 4, 8 and 10 µg/ml. 48 hours after treatment, total RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized using the sequence of target gene. Finally, the synthesized products were analysed by Real Time PCR to determine the expression level of VEGF-A. The results of data analysis showed the inhibitory effect of Bee venom in concentrations of 2, 4, 8 and 10 µg/ml on VEGF-A expression in HL-60  cells in comparison with control group, indicating the highest reduction of gen expression for the highest concentration of Bee venom (10 µg/ml). Results indicated a decrease in the expression of VEGF-A, specific biomarker of angiogenesis, in the treated samples compared to the control group. Manuscript profile

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