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      • Open Access Article

        1 - Explaining Qualitative Criteria in the Process of Integrated Formation in Urban Public Spaces (Case Study: District Five of Tehran Municipality)
        Nila Pazhouhandeh Esmaeil Shieh Maryam Moinifar
        In recent decades, several approaches have been proposed regarding the formation of "quality of urban public spaces,« and various researches have been conducted in this field. However, what can be discerned so far is the lack of attention to the concept of integra More
        In recent decades, several approaches have been proposed regarding the formation of "quality of urban public spaces,« and various researches have been conducted in this field. However, what can be discerned so far is the lack of attention to the concept of integrative spatial quality and its holistic approach in the field of urban planning as "the basic elements of urban design.» This research explains the critical criteria of the process of forming an integrative spatial quality in urban public spaces. To achieve the purpose of the study, District 5 of Tehran Municipality, due to numerous public spaces in line with the research criteria of the article and the low age of construction, has been studied as a case study. Based on the theories, views, and researche identified in the framework of the mentioned purpose, five critical criteria are essential. The research method is analytical-descriptive. In reference to the contribution and role of this research, it can be emphasized that the foundation of integrative spatial quality in public spaces is only possible by simultaneous attention to allthe key Components: "physical,« "perceptual,» "social,« "environmental,» "functional."Thirty-three variables have considered further study and explanation of these five criteria regarding structural equations and validity and reliability. Thus, it is possible to design a 5-factor model in the field of measuring the quality of integrative spatial in public spaces, which at the same time is a fundamental step in developing a structural model at a higher level, the adequacy of this measurement model, due to various indicators, indicates that the model in question has an acceptable fit from the view of data coordination, including 220 samples with its factor structure. The main goal, part of which, by pursuing the question, "What criteria in the process of forming an integrative spatial quality in urban public spaces, what is their role and position?« is reflected in the present article. This research showed that the optimal quality of selected urban public spaces in this region was related to physical –aesthetic, and functional attributes. In addition, evaluation of this process, planning, and acting in order to enhance it should be considered accordingly based on this framework. Further specific studies on these factors and their effectiveness and relationships are issues that can be addressed in future research to clarify the theoretical findings. Every public space needs unique features; but based on the results, these suggestions are also presented to improve the quality of the urban area and its integration in the five districts of Tehran:The ability to access the communication structure of public spaces for the disabled and people with disabilitiesExecutive diversification of public spaces in accordance with seasonal changes, forming a network of connected public spaces that have interactive quality indicators and also invite individuals to establish sustainable social interactionMeaningful spaces and granting new uses such as restaurants, coffee shops, and more for the proper use of public spaces in the direction of dynamism, vitality, and prosperity. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Presenting a New Method in Ecological Design of Urban Green Landscape (Case Study: Kish Island)
        Maryam Moinifar Behnaz Aminzadeh
        Cities are places for diverse hierarchies of natural inhabitants, and thus designing their ecological landscapes is a complex process. Landscape design is more important than form creating. Landscape ecology is a science of dynamic reactions between nature and society. More
        Cities are places for diverse hierarchies of natural inhabitants, and thus designing their ecological landscapes is a complex process. Landscape design is more important than form creating. Landscape ecology is a science of dynamic reactions between nature and society. Disturbance in urban landscape may cause simplification of landscape system resulted in degradation of life quality in living areas. Therefore urban development without consideration on ecological process will damage ecosystems in urban and regional scales. A good ecological design in built areas can improve ecological functions of the whole system. In this study, the application of landscape ecology together with land compatibility has been studied. The result is creating an efficient method in ecological design of urban green spaces. Urban green spaces are the most important parts of urban ecosystems, providing many social and environmental services and promoting the quality of living conditions in cities. The application of landscape ecology in urban design and consideration of urban green spaces as green networks or green infrastructures help to improve the quality of natural areas in cities. It seems that determination of an optimal method in urban landscape and green space design based on landscape ecology principles is a necessary task for landscape and urban designers. Also, recognition and introducing the interdisciplinary method in green landscape design  results in positive ecological function and provides a basis for sustainability. The Kish island is selected as a case study because of its ecological sensitiveness, rapid growth development of tourism, and demand for green spaces. The main objectives of this research are as follows: a) creating a method for designing ecological urban green spaces, and b) zoning for developing, conserving or rehabilitating of green spaces in Kish island. To do this, reviewing existing ecological theories and methods and comparison of existing methods in landscape ecology are applied. The proposed method which has been nominated Ecological Land Suitability Analysis (ELSA) is based on land suitability analysis and landscape ecology principles, using GIS VER 9.2, and AHP techniques. The process of using the method is as follows: 1-Explaining of effective criteria in selection of green areas and their priorities; 2-Determination of criteria values; 3- Providing spatial layers of the selected criteria; 4- Classification of layers based on their special purpose; 5-Quantifying of quality classes using Phasy values; 6-Applying AHP weight and quantitative values in layers and determination of final weight layers; 7- Changing spatial layers from vector to raster; 8- Overlaying the spatial layers; 9-Preparing of land compatibility and suitability map; 10-Extraction of unvalued layers from total spatial layers; 11-Final layer classification and evaluation of different outputs. 12- Zoning the urban green areas in Kish Island. Results have been shown in land suitability GIS maps. The efficiency of the proposed method has been proved, using quality comparative criteria including: comprehensiveness, clearness, completeness, and flexibility, reliability, efficiency, easiness, generalizing, rapidity, necessary technology, being up to date, and fitness with the principles of theory making. It was concluded that, this method (ELSA) could be generalized in the same environmental conditions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Assessment of Spatial and Physical Implementation Barriers of the Electronic Municipality from Tehran Citizens and Tehran Municipality Staff’s Point of view
        Maryam Moeinifar Abbas Attar
             
              Manuscript profile