Evaluation of the physical and chemical properties of the essential oil obtained from the oleo-gum- resin of two populations of Ferula gummosa from Fars and Isfahan provinces
Subject Areas : Phytochemistry
Arife
Vaez Shahrestani
1
(Department of Horticultural Science and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
Razieh
Azimi Atergeleh
2
(Faculty member of research institute of forests and rangelands)
Vahid
Abdousi
3
(Department of Horticultural Science and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
Mehdi
Mirza
4
(Research Institute of Forests and Rangeland, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran)
marzieh
ghanbari jahromi
5
(Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Science and Agronomy, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
Keywords: Ferula gummosa, Oleo-gum-resin, Essential oil, Monoterpene, Optical rotation, Relative density, Refractive index. ,
Abstract :
Ferula gummosa (Barijeh) belongs to the Apiaceae family and is one of the most important pasture, medicinal and industrial plants, whose oleo-gum-resin (galbanum) has a commercial aspect. The essential oil and oleoresin of F. gummosa are widely used in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The aim of the present study is to investigate and compare the physicochemical properties of the essential oil obtained from the oleo-gum-resin of two F. gummosa populations from Isfahan and Fars habitats. For this purpose, the oleo-gum-resin of F. gummosa was collected from two areas in Kashan and Fars. The essential oil was then extracted from the fresh oleo-gum-resin by water and steam distillation. The essential oil was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively using GC and GC/MS devices. The appearance, physical and chemical characteristics of the essential oil of two populations of F. gummosa, including relative density, refractive index, optical rotation, and phytochemicals of the essential oil were investigated and compared. Based on the results, the essential oil of F. gummosa is a transparent and colorless liquid with a turpentine odour and a distinct green note. The essential oil of two populations of Kashan and Fars has relative density of 0.874 and 0.869, refractive index of 1.4810 and 1.4795, and optical rotation of 11.35° and 23.52°, respectively. The results of comparing the average physicochemical characteristics of the essential oil obtained from the oleo-gum-resin of the two F. gummosa populations from Fars and Kashan indicate that there is no significant difference in the traits of relative density and refractive index, and on the other hand, there is a significant difference in the amount of optical rotation of the two essential oil samples. Based on the essential oil analysis, hydrocarbon monoterpenes including β-pinene (71% and 68.8%), δ-3-carne (9.4% and 5.2%), myrcene (3.9% and 2.4%), α-pinene (3.6% and 3.4%) and limonene (2.4% and 15.6%) were identified as the main compounds of essential oil in two F. gummosa populations from Kashan and Fars, respectively.
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