List of Articles
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Open Access Article
1 - Sport and socialization: A Neuroscience-Based Perspective
Ahmadreza Movahedi Parisa GhobadiSport and exercise have traditionally been acknowledged for their positive effects on physical health. However, recent attention has focused on their influence on mental health and socialization. This article examines the current scientific evidence regarding the impact MoreSport and exercise have traditionally been acknowledged for their positive effects on physical health. However, recent attention has focused on their influence on mental health and socialization. This article examines the current scientific evidence regarding the impact of exercise on neurotransmitters associated with socialization, including dopamine, serotonin, endorphins, and oxytocin. By exploring the effects of exercise on these neurotransmitters, we explain the mechanisms through which exercise promotes positive emotions, reduced stress, and enhanced social interactions. Additionally, we discuss the role of exercise in improving brain plasticity and its subsequent impact on cognitive function and socialization. Understanding these neurobiological processes can guide the incorporation of exercise into daily routines as an effective strategy for promoting mental well-being and optimizing socialization outcomes.Keywords: neurotransmitters, exercise, sport, socializationSport and exercise have traditionally been associated with physical health benefits, but their impact on mental health and socialization has recently garnered attention. Recent studies have highlighted the positive effects of regular physical activity on mood enhancement, stress reduction, and improved social interactions. These benefits are attributed, in part, to the influence of exercise on neurotransmitters within the brain, which play a crucial role in regulating emotions, motivation, and social bonding. This article aims to review the current scientific evidence regarding the impact of sport and exercise on neurotransmitters associated with socialization, including dopamine, serotonin, endorphins, and oxytocin.1. Dopamine:Dopamine, a neurotransmitter linked to pleasure and reward, is implicated in the enjoyment derived from physical activity. Research suggests that exercise can increase dopamine release in the brain, leading to improved mood and motivation (1). Notably, Landgren et al. (2010) observed higher levels of dopamine receptors in physically active individuals, indicating potential long-term effects on the brain's reward system and promoting positive emotions and behaviors conducive to socialization (2).2. Serotonin:Serotonin, a neurotransmitter associated with happiness and well-being, is influenced by exercise. Evidence suggests that exercise can increase serotonin release, thereby reducing stress and anxiety (3). By alleviating negative emotions, exercise facilitates improved social interactions and bonding. Kandola et al. (2019) demonstrated that individuals engaged in regular physical activity exhibited higher levels of serotonin, leading to enhanced mood and reduced anxiety (4). These findings emphasize the role of exercise in fostering positive emotional states favorable to socialization.3. Endorphins:Endorphins, neurotransmitters responsible for excitement and pain relief, are also affected by exercise. Studies indicate that exercise promotes endorphin release, which in turn reduces stress, anxiety, and enhances mood and social bonding (5). Herring et al. (2019) found that individuals who engaged in regular physical activity exhibited higher levels of endorphins, resulting in improved temper and social bonding (6). These findings highlight how exercise-induced endorphin release contributes to positive emotions and social bonding, ultimately facilitating socialization.4. Oxytocin:Oxytocin, both a hormone and neurotransmitter, is closely associated with social bonding and trust. Exercise has been shown to increase oxytocin release in the brain, promoting social bonding and trust (7). This effect enhances positive social interactions and relationships. Heinrichs et al. (2003) indicated that regular physical activity resulted in higher levels of oxytocin, correlating with increased trust and social bonding (8). The findings emphasize the role of exercise in facilitating positive social bonding and trust, fostering an environment conducive to socialization.Brain Plasticity:Brain plasticity refers to the brain's ability to adapt and change in response to new experiences. Exercise has been found to enhance brain plasticity, leading to improved cognitive function, including social cognition and communication (9). This effect positively impacts social interactions and relationships. Voelcker-Rehage et al. (2010) demonstrated that regular physical activity improved cognitive function and social communication skills (10). These findings underscore the role of exercise in promoting enhanced cognitive function, which ultimately supports improved socialization.Conclusion:Sport and exercise exert positive effects on neurotransmitters variables associated with socialization, including dopamine, serotonin, endorphins, oxytocin, and brain plasticity. The release of these neurotransmitters through exercise enhances mood, reduces stress and anxiety, increases motivation, and facilitates social interactions. Moreover, exercise promotes brain plasticity, improving cognitive function and augmenting social interactions. Consequently, incorporating exercise into daily routines represents an effective method for promoting mental health and enhancing socialization outcomes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Sociological analysis of social status discrimination of women's sports
mohammad javad rahbari baris حسن قاسمعلی پور Bahram Ghadimi tayebeh zargarThe purpose of this research is to analyze the sociological discrimination of the social status of women's sports. The present research method is qualitative and exploratory. The research strategy in this study was the Glazer Method Foundation data analysis. The statist MoreThe purpose of this research is to analyze the sociological discrimination of the social status of women's sports. The present research method is qualitative and exploratory. The research strategy in this study was the Glazer Method Foundation data analysis. The statistical population included specialists and experts such as professors in the field of sociology, sports sociology, women's sports officials in the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The sampling method was used as non-probability sampling, with targeted selection and with maximum diversity or heterogeneity. The sample size in this research was equal to 16 people based on the theoretical saturation index. The measurement tool was an open interview and was analyzed based on three stages of open, central and selective coding by analyzing the text of the interviews and after conceptualization in the open coding stage, 60 primary concepts (first level) and 13 secondary themes (level 2) and 4 main themes of unequal gender opportunities, gender justice infrastructures, unfamiliar gender norms and social barriers based on gender (third level) were identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Identifying the factors affecting the development of indigenous and local games: a case study of Isfahan province
Abas Nghizadeh Baghi hossein kordloo sotodeh alipour Mehdi Nghizadeh BaghiObjective:Native and local games of Isfahan province have faced stagnation in the past years, and based on the evidence, this valuable cultural heritage has been forgotten over time, which has caused concern for the people of the province. Therefore, the purpose of the MoreObjective:Native and local games of Isfahan province have faced stagnation in the past years, and based on the evidence, this valuable cultural heritage has been forgotten over time, which has caused concern for the people of the province. Therefore, the purpose of the present research identify the factors affecting the development of native and local games in Isfahan province.Methodology: The approach of this study is qualitative and its strategy is phenomenology. Its statistical population was made up of all university professors and experts and veterans and departments of cultural heritage, education and culture, Islamic culture and guidance, sports and youth affairs, as well as the public sports and local native games board of Isfahan province. In this study, theoretical saturation was reached with ten interviews. The sample was selected purposefully. The research tool was a semi-structured interview, and using MAXQDA20 software, the data was open and axially coded. To check the validity of the research, the external referee method was used, and two external referees monitored the research. Also, to check the reliability after three experts coded the data, the agreement reliability between the coders was used, and the Cohen's kappa reliability coefficient was used between the raters. And the researcher was above 0.90 in all the interviews, which indicates the reliability of the analysis.Results: The findings of the research showed that finally 102 codes were identified as factors influencing the development of local indigenous games in Isfahan province, which were classified into 20 subcategories and 6 main categories. These 6 factors, in order of importance, include organizational factors, cultural factors, social factors, infrastructure factors, human factors and economic factors.Conclusion: In order to develop the local native games, the managers of the related departments of the province have considered the priorities mentioned in this research in their plans to promote and promote the local native games in the province.On the other hand, with the boom of local native games among people, different people play local native games in different situations, such as before official games or family gatherings or other cases. This work increases the morale of people and makes them enjoy their time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Fan Cultural Competencies in Football
Salmann Azarbayejani Saeed Sharifi Ali RashipoorObjective: Considering that football, as a popular sport, is based on the supporter's axis, the importance of supporter's cultural competence has become an important issue despite the presence of multicultural environments. In order to understand it, the prese MoreObjective: Considering that football, as a popular sport, is based on the supporter's axis, the importance of supporter's cultural competence has become an important issue despite the presence of multicultural environments. In order to understand it, the present study aims to analyze the lived experience of fans in football. Fan cultural competencies have become an important issue due to the fan-centric nature of football as a popular sport on the one hand and the importance of competencies in multicultural environments. To understand it, the present study intends to analyze the lived experience of fans in the sport of football. Accordingly, the purpose of phenomenological research is the lived experience of fans in football in the field of understanding the cultural competencies of fans. Methodology: The phenomenological research method is descriptive and based on the collage model. The research community was members of the Sepahan Isfahan Sports Fans Association and the club's cultural directors of these, 20 research samples were saturated. The purposive sampling method was standard dependent and inconsistent. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The validity of the data was verified through external auditors, in-depth descriptions, return to interviewees, and two coders. Results: After implementing information and coding the data, the research findings were classified into three categories including cognitive, emotional and behavioral competencies. Cognitive competencies include advocacy literacy development, awareness gap control, avoidance of social and cultural bias, strengthening positive cultural memory and attitudes, and behavioral competencies including cultural self-efficacy, cultural monitoring, role modeling and social and cultural responsibility, and emotional competencies including emotional capital development, strengthens self-will, reproduces the culture of youth and strengthens women's culture. Conclusion: The cultural competences of the fans will be one of the main prerequisites of sports with the breadth and cultural diversity resulting from multicultural environments. The growing trend of cultural and sports clubs' fan centers trying to turn ordinary people into professional fans increases the need to pay attention to these skills. There is a capacity of sports enthusiasts to accept the fan club as a value-added feature for the sports club. Paying attention to cultural competencies creates a competitive advantage for the clubs that develop the fan base. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Identifying factors affecting the vandalism and violent behavior of elite student athletes with the foundational data theory approach
Akram sadat Hashemi danaloo Hasan Masumi Rasoul TarighiObjective: The objective of this research is to comprehensively explore the factors that contribute to vandalism and violent behavior among elite student-athletes, aiming to provide a deeper understanding of the underlying causes in order to develop effective strategies MoreObjective: The objective of this research is to comprehensively explore the factors that contribute to vandalism and violent behavior among elite student-athletes, aiming to provide a deeper understanding of the underlying causes in order to develop effective strategies for prevention and intervention. Methodology: The methodology employed in this study follows a grounded theory approach to investigate the factors influencing vandalism and violent behavior among elite student-athletes. The researchers collected data through a combination of library studies, semi-structured interviews, and in-depth interviews. This mixed-methods approach allowed for a comprehensive exploration of the subject matter. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA20 software, which facilitated efficient coding and organization of the interview transcripts. The study population consisted of senior sports managers, education organization managers, sports teachers, and sports management professors who had published relevant books and articles. Sampling was conducted purposefully, utilizing successive and snowball sampling techniques, resulting in a sample size of 15 participants. The researchers employed Lincoln and Guba's (1985) evaluation criteria to ensure the quality and credibility of the qualitative findings, including validity, transferability, reliability, and verifiability. The theoretical framework of the study was based on the Foundation's data theory approach, incorporating a constructionist perspective inspired by Charmaz (2014). By employing this approach, the researchers aimed to identify the underlying factors and patterns that contribute to vandalism and violent behavior among elite student-athletes. The methodology allowed for a deep exploration of the subject, providing valuable insights into the complex dynamics at play. Results: The results of this study revealed several significant factors that influence vandalism and violent behavior among elite student-athletes. The analysis of the data generated three main themes: individual factors, social factors, and environmental factors. Regarding individual factors, the findings indicated that personal characteristics and psychological factors play a crucial role in the occurrence of vandalism and violent behavior. Factors such as impulsivity, low self-control, aggression, and a lack of coping skills were identified as key contributors. Additionally, the participants' personal experiences, including exposure to violence and negative role models, were found to influence their behavior. Social factors were also found to have a significant impact on vandalism and violent behavior. Peer influence and group dynamics were identified as influential factors, with negative peer pressure and the desire to fit in being common triggers for such behaviors. Moreover, the participants highlighted the role of family support, parental control, and the influence of coaches and sports organizations in shaping their behavior. Environmental factors were found to contribute to vandalism and violent behavior as well. Factors such as inadequate facilities, overcrowding, lack of supervision, and the presence of rivalries were identified as environmental stressors that can escalate aggressive behavior among elite student-athletes. Overall, the study highlighted the complex interplay of individual, social, and environmental factors in influencing vandalism and violent behavior among elite student-athletes. The results emphasized the need for comprehensive preventive measures, including psychological interventions, education on anger management and conflict resolution, fostering positive peer relationships, and creating supportive and safe sporting environments. It is important to note that the findings of this study are specific to the context of elite student-athletes and may not be generalized to other populations. Further research is needed to explore these factors in different settings and populations and to develop targeted interventions to address vandalism and violent behavior among student-athletes. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study sheds light on the factors influencing vandalism and violent behavior among elite student-athletes. The findings emphasized the need for a comprehensive approach to address this issue, taking into account individual, social, and environmental factors. The results highlighted the importance of understanding the personal characteristics and psychological factors that contribute to vandalism and violent behavior. Interventions should focus on developing coping skills, enhancing self-control, and providing psychological support to help student-athletes manage their emotions and impulses effectively. Additionally, it is crucial to address the negative influence of violent experiences and role models by promoting positive behaviors and providing appropriate guidance and counseling. Social factors played a significant role, with peer influence and group dynamics being identified as key factors in instigating vandalism and violent behavior. Interventions should aim to create a positive peer culture that discourages aggression and promotes prosocial behavior. Building strong support networks, fostering healthy relationships with coaches and sports organizations, and involving parents in the development of athletes can also contribute to reducing such behaviors. The study also highlighted the importance of addressing environmental factors that contribute to vandalism and violent behavior. Providing adequate facilities, ensuring proper supervision, and reducing overcrowding can help create a safe and supportive sporting environment. Moreover, fostering a sense of sportsmanship, promoting teamwork, and addressing rivalries through inclusive and collaborative approaches can contribute to a more positive and harmonious atmosphere. It is essential to acknowledge the limitations of this study. The findings are based on the specific context of elite student-athletes and may not apply universally. Further research should explore these factors in different populations and settings to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the issue. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the factors influencing vandalism and violent behavior among elite student-athletes. By addressing individual, social, and environmental factors, stakeholders can develop targeted interventions and preventive measures to promote positive behaviors and create a safe and supportive environment for student-athletes. Ultimately, fostering a culture of respect, sportsmanship, and personal growth can contribute to the overall well-being and success of elite student-athletes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Compilation of the educational program of sports lifestyle requirements based on the social characteristics of teenage Football players: an action research study approach
fahimeh sepehri Rokhsare Badami Zohre MeshkatiObjective: Success in adolescent athletes is attributed to physical, technical, and mental attitude. However, the basis of success is factors such as lifestyle, support and various social factors that may have a successful performance. Training and observing lifestyle a MoreObjective: Success in adolescent athletes is attributed to physical, technical, and mental attitude. However, the basis of success is factors such as lifestyle, support and various social factors that may have a successful performance. Training and observing lifestyle as a set of habits, behaviors and tastes for a long time in athletes preserves the possibility of flourishing high performance. But so far, lifestyle does not have a place in the development programs of athletes. On the other hand, one of the important components for establishing successful interpersonal relationships is social skills, which are determined by emotions and human behaviors. It should be noted that one of the elements of socialization in all cultures is the acquisition of social skills, and a person with better social skills can choose and present acceptable behavior in a certain time and situation. The purpose of this research Compilation of the educational program for the requirements of the sports lifestyle based on the social characteristics of the teenage football players in the pre-season has been done qualitatively and according to the needs of the athletes. Methodology: The present study is from the point of view of paradigm, critical, in terms of orientation, practical, in terms of perspective, inductive, in terms of method, qualitative, in terms of research environment, field, in terms of design, action research, in terms of concept, description, Explanation and prediction are from the point of view of tools, observation, interview. The participants of this study were 21 male adolescent athletes in the age range of 13, as well as the coach of this football team. Findings: Using the theme analysis method, the obtained data were analyzed. Finally, the comprehensive categories of sports lifestyle (team cohesion - empathy, communication, social behaviors, moral judgment, reviving the sense of responsibility, social networks, problem solving, management of feelings and emotions) were identified and extracted. Conclusion: In general, the results of this research showed that it is important to pay attention to the identified needs and the duration of the pre-season to change the athletes' lifestyle. Therefore, in accordance with the findings of this research, it is suggested that coaches, psychologists, sports managers pay due attention to environmental, social and individual factors in order to achieve the success and goals of the team in order to prepare the sports lifestyle training program for teenage football players in the pre-seaso. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The model of the role of health promotion management with sports in Iran's sustainable development: social constructionism with the foundation's data approach
marziyeh aboutalebi Rasool NazariIntroduction: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases is one of the first stages of health promotion management in society. An operational strategy for this purpose is exercise and physical activity. Purpose: The purpose of the current research is to present MoreIntroduction: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases is one of the first stages of health promotion management in society. An operational strategy for this purpose is exercise and physical activity. Purpose: The purpose of the current research is to present a model of the role of health promotion management with sports in Iran's sustainable development based on social constructionism. Methodology: The present study was conducted qualitatively and with the data theory method of the foundation. Research data was collected through purposeful sampling and snowball method and based on interviews with 21 experts with experience in the field of health-oriented sports. The data were coded and analyzed based on the data-based theory and Cahrmaz's constructivist approach. Findings: 117 primary codes, 44 central or selective codes and finally 9 core codes were identified. The main factors of the role of health promotion management with sports in Iran's sustainable development have been identified, including the main players, education, sustainable physical activity, health promotion management, planning, trainers, sports areas, literacy and sense of sustainability. Conclusion: The main factors identified with 117 primary codes, 44 central or selective codes and finally 9 central codes were identified. It is suggested that the officials of the organizations review the mission and vision of their organizations with the approach of the management role of promoting health with sports in order to achieve sustainable development. Introduction: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases is one of the first stages of health promotion management in society. An operational strategy for this purpose is exercise and physical activity. Purpose: The purpose of the current research is to present a model of the role of health promotion management with sports in Iran's sustainable development based on social constructionism. Methodology: The present study was conducted qualitatively and with the data theory method of the foundation. Research data was collected through purposeful sampling and snowball method and based on interviews with 21 experts with experience in the field of health-oriented sports. The data were coded and analyzed based on the data-based theory and Cahrmaz's constructivist approach. Findings: 117 primary codes, 44 central or selective codes and finally 9 core codes were identified. The main factors of the role of health promotion management with sports in Iran's sustainable development have been identified, including the main players, education, sustainable physical activity, health promotion management, planning, trainers, sports areas, literacy and sense of sustainability. Conclusion: The main factors identified with 117 primary codes, 44 central or selective codes and finally 9 central codes were identified. It is suggested that the officials of the organizations review the mission and vision of their organizations with the approach of the management role of promoting health with sports in order to achieve sustainable development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Presenting a Model of the Effect of Fans' Trust on Managers' Social Behavior and the Success of Esteghlal Sports Club
seyed amir ojagh mehrdad naserpor mohsen vahdani najaf aghaeiIntroduction Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the Presenting a model of the effect of fans' trust on the social behavior of managers and the success of cultural and sports clubs (case study of Esteghlal Cultural and Sports Club). Metho MoreIntroduction Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the Presenting a model of the effect of fans' trust on the social behavior of managers and the success of cultural and sports clubs (case study of Esteghlal Cultural and Sports Club). Methodology: The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. The statistical population included all fans of Esteghlal Club. The sample size was 384 people using Cochran's online formula. The research data gathering tool included a researcher-made questionnaire, which was designed by reviewing the literature and the background of the research, 52 items under three axes managers' empowering behavior, club success and fans' trust, and the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed in a form and content manner. And its reliability was confirmed based on Cronbach's alpha value of 0.81. The method of data collection was available. The collected data were analyzed based on path analysis of structural equations in PLS software. Results: The results showed that in general, the trust of the fans had an effect on the success of the Esteghlal club in the Premier League competitions with the mediating role of the empowering behaviors of the club managers. Conclusion: Managers' proper understanding of the positive effects of social behavior in dealing with fans and club members can pave the way to success so that proper communication with fans, paying attention to the demands of coaches and athletes, and establishing proper communication with other stakeholders from Financial sponsors are very important examples of social behavior of managers. Methodology The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. The statistical population included all fans of Esteghlal Club. The sample size was 384 people using Cochran's formula. The research data gathering tool included a researcher-made questionnaire, which was designed by reviewing the literature and the background of the research, 52 items under three axes managers' empowering behavior, club success and fans' trust, and the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed in a form and content manner. and its reliability was confirmed based on Cronbach's alpha value of 0.81. The method of data collection was available. The collected data were analyzed based on path analysis of structural equations in PLS software. Findings The results showed that in general, the trust of the fans had an effect on the success of the Esteghlal club in the Premier League competitions with the mediating role of the empowering behaviors of the club managers. Conclusion Therefore, managers of football clubs must gain the trust of the fans in some way so that their support for the club will lead to success. Because loyal fans are one of the main factors for the success and profitability of clubs. Esteghlal Cultural and Sports Club can gain the trust of the fans by changing the approach in the behavior of its executives, especially senior managers, and have a positive effect on the social structure of the club. Manuscript profile