Identification and ranking of effective factors on technological skills of primary school teachers using analytic hierarchy process (AHP), case study: the city of Gorgan
Subject Areas : Infomartion Technologyali badeleh 1 , Mohedeseh Khaje 2 , Shirin Pourghaz 3 , Abdoljal Tomaj 4
1 - استادیار، گروه علومتربیتی، پردیس آیتالهخامنهای، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، گلستان، ایران
2 - Master, General Psychology, Teacher, Gorgan, Iran
3 - Undergraduate Student, Educational Sciences, Imam Khomeini Campus, Farhangian University of Gorgan, Iran
4 - کارشناس آموزش، آموزش و پرورش شهرستان آق قلا، گلستان، ایران
Keywords: Ranking, analytic hierarchy process, Expert Choice, primary school teachers’ technological skills, incompatibility rate,
Abstract :
This survey,has,been conducted,with the objective of identifying and ranking the effective factors on the technological skills of primary school teachers in the city of Gorgan in the educational year 2017-2018.The research methodology is descriptive survey type.The statistical population is the experts of IT,teachers of communicational sciences and primary school teachers in the city,of Gorgan.Data,analysis,was,done,by,analytic,hierarchy,process,(AHP).Considering the survey objective, the analytic hierarchy process has been a very useful method for ranking technological skills of teachers.For this purpose,a questionnaire according to Thomas,L. Totten’s design was prepared and filled. The questionnaire reliability was analyzed with the incompatibility rate of 0.04. Therefore,there,is compatibility in the paired comparisons.The data,was analyzed by the use of Expert Choice software.The findings show that out of the main factors,educational and occupational guidance of students with the relative weight of,0.234 is,at the,top, teachers’ interaction with,students and their parents with,0.231 is the second factor, and the electronic lesson design with,0.227 is the third important factor; and out of the minor factors,interaction in,the,system by,the school personnel,with the,relative weight,of 0.101 is,at,the first place, calling the roll by the smart method with,0.082 at the second place, and the compatibility level of the goals of smart schools’ electronic systems with,the,lesson,contents,with,0.073 is,in the third rank of importance.
References:
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[37]Safi, A. (2003). Teacher Training and Supply in Iran, Quarterly Journal of Education. Research Institute of Education. 72-73. (in Persian).
[38]Safi, A. (2006). Issues of Iranian Education and Ways to Reduce It. Tehran: Editorial Publishing. (in Persian).
[39]Sang, G., Valcke, M., Van Braak, J. & Tondeur, J. (2010). Student teachers’ thinking processes and ICT integration: Predictors of prospective teaching behaviors with educational technology. Computers & Education, 54(1), 103-112.
[40]Sarkar, S. (2012),The Role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Higher Education for the 21st Century. The Science Probe, 1(1), 30-41.
[41]School Intelligence Method .(2011). Center for Information and Communication Technolog and Information Technology, Ministry of Education.
[42]Seraji, F., Karami, Z. (2017). Provide a framework for educating research, technology and innovation teachers, Teacher Professional Development Quarterly, 2(3), 83-102. (in Persian.(
[43]Shabani, Z. (2004). A Comparative Study of Teacher Training Program in Iran and several countries of the world. Quarterly Journal of Education. 20(3), 121-159. (in Persian.(
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[51]Zandvanian, A., Karamdoost, Nowruz, A., & Abolghasemi, M. (2006). Designing a suitable model for academic guidance of high school students. Journal of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, (1 and 2), 122-99. (in Persian.(
[52]Zarei Zavaraki, I., Ahmadi, R., Norouzi, D. & Delavar, A. (2017). Develop and validate a model of educational design for the technological competencies of student-teachers based on upstream national and international documents. Curriculum Technology, 2 (3), 68-53. (in Persian.(
[2]Ananda, J. & Herath G. (2003). The use of analytical hierarchy process to incorporate stakeholder proferences into regional forest planning. Forest Policy and Economics. 5(1), 13-26.
[3]Asli, A., Berrado, A., Sendide, Kh. & Darhmaoui, H. (2012).Effect of the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) resources on the scholastic performance of middle school students in biology and geology courses. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5(5), 1113-1117.
[4]Badeleh, A. (2018). Investigating the provision of professional and specialized services of information and communication technology of Farhangian University on the developments of the educational system. Journal Curriculum planning studies, 7(13), 26-45. (in Persian.(
[5]Badeleh, A. & Deilami, S. (2017). Smart schools from design to operation, Tehran: Dibagaran Publications (in Persian.(
[6]Buntat, Y., Saud, M. S., Dahar, A., Arifin, K. S. & Zaid, Y. H. (2010). Computer technology application and vocational education: a review of literature and research. European Journal of Social Sciences, 14(4), 645-651.
[7]Crompton, H. (2017). Moving toward a mobile learning landscape: presenting a mlearning integration framework. Interactive Technology and Smart Education, 14(2), 97-109.
[8]Daneshpajooh, Z. & Valiullah, F. (2006). Evaluation of professional skills of primary teachers, Quarterly Journal of Educational Innovation. (18). (in Persian.(
[9]Davaei, Sh., Emamjomeh, S. M. & Ahmadi, Gh. (2013). Investigation and formulation of teachers’ required ICT competencies and skills in the process of teaching-learning. Journal of theory and practice in curriculum, 1(1). (In Persian).
[9]Davlati, A., Jamshidi, L. & Amin Bidkhti, A. (2016). Teachers' specific features in improving the teaching process-learning intelligent schools. Journal of Educational and Evaluation, 9(34), 96-77. (In Persian).
[10]Dorrani, K., Karamdost, N. A., Ghalavandi, H. & HamzeHrobati, M. (2014). Evaluation of Smart Schools’ Current Statue in Mazandaran Province based on “Smart School Development” Conceptual Model. Future of Medical Education Journal, 4(3), 39-47.
[11]George town college. (2011). Developing scholars who are coppetent and caring educators. commited to the sprit of service and learning. Conceptual framework, Department of education, teacher education program.
[12]Grant Carl A. & Maureen G. (2006). A Candid Talk to Teacher Educators about Effectively Preparing Teachers Who Can Teach Everyone’s Children. Journal of Teachers Educations,57(3.(
[13]Groff, J. & Mouza, C. (2008). A framework for addressing challenges to classroom technology use. AACE Journal, 16(1), 21-46.
[14]Herasymenko, I. (2016). Used distance learning technologies. In 2016 13th International Conference on Modern Problems of Radio Engineering, Telecommunications and Computer Science (TCSET), 813-816.
[15]Heydari, M., & Nik Fallah, M. (2018). The effect of school intelligence on improving the academic performance of high school students in Karaj. Educational Management Innovations, 13 (3), 58-45. (in Persian.(
[16]Heydari, M., Vaziri, M. & Jahantigh, F. (2013). Investigating the status of smart schools based on standards and comparing the academic performance and critical thinking of its students with regular schools. Journal of Information and Communication Technology in Educational Sciences, 4 (2), 173-149. (in Persian.(
[17]Hong, J., Jeou-Shyan, H., Chan, L., & Lih-Juan CH. (2008). Competency disparity between pre-service teacher education and in-service teaching requirements in Taiwan. International Journal of Educational Development, 28(1).
[18]Hosseinchari, M., Ghezelbiglo, F., Jokar, B. (2019). Teacher-student interaction and self-efficacy with academic vitality: The mediating role of goal orientation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 15 (52), 85-45. (in Persian.(
[19]Huntly, H. (2008). Teacher’s work: Beginning Teachers’ Conceptions of Competence. The Australian Educational Researcher, 35(1).
[20]Huntly, H. (2008). Teacher’s work: Beginning Teachers’ Conceptions of Competence, Thesis. Central Queensland University.
[21]Khan, B. (2005). Managing e-learning strategies: Design, delivery, implementation and evaluation. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Inc.
[22]Lee, j., Wing, p., & Yuk, y. (2003). Teachers Evaluation and Effectiveness in Hong Kong : Issues and Challenges. Journal of Personnel in Education, 17 (1 .(
[23]Lim, D. H. (2002). Perceived differences between classroom and distance education: Seeking instructional strategies for learning application. International Journal of Educational Technology, 3, 20–32.
[24]Maleki, H. (2005). Teacher Professional Qualifications. Tehran: Madrasa Publications (in Persian).
[25]Mojtahed Zadeh, R., Bardjalilu, S., Bardjalilu, N., & Mohammadi, A. (2013). Identifying and Prioritizing Factors Affecting the Performance of the E-Teacher through the Fuzzy AHP Model. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 13(8),691-681. (in Persian).
[26]Mojtahedzadeh, R., Borjaliloo, S., Borjaliloo, N., & Mohammadi, A. (2018). Identifying and prioritizing the factors affecting e-teacher performance through fuzzy AHP model. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 13(8), 681-691. (in Persian).
[27]Mojtahedzadeh, R., Mohammadi, R., Imami, A. (2011). Educational design, implementation and evaluation of an e-learning system, an experiment in Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 11 (4), 359-348.
[28]Moor, J., Dickson-Deane, C. & Galyen, K. (2011), E-Learning, online learning, and distance learning environments: Are they the same? Internet and Higher Education, 14 (11), 129-135.
[29]Musavi, F., Naseri, M. (2015). Educational needs assessment of teachers' technological skills. National Conference on Educational Management in the Age of Information and Communication Technology. (in Persian.(
[30]Rahimi, M. & Yadollahi, S. (2011). The anxiety of high school students and its relationship with the use of computers and personal computer ownership. In Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on E-Learning, University of Technology, Tehran (Vol. 18). (In Persian).
[31]Rasooli, N., Abdollahi, D. (2017). The role of academic and career counseling in choosing a field and choosing a job in educational planning. Iranian Conference on Psychology and Behavioral Sciences. (in Persian.(
[32]Reeve, J. (2006). Teachers as facilitators: What autonomy-supportive teachers do and why their students benefit. The elementary school journal, 106(3), 225-236.
[33]Rezaei Madani, M., Sheriff Hormozi, A. & Naimi, I. (2019). Investigating the process of modern academic guidance from the perspective of school counselors. Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy Culture, 10 (39), 48-27. (in Persian.(
[34]Rovov, A. (2000). Global Movement for the Improvement of Teacher Training. Tehran: Publications of the Research Institute of Education (in Persian.(
[35]Saaty, T. (1990). Multicriteria Decision Making, The Analytic Hierarchy Process. RWS Publications, Pittsburg, PA.
[36]Saaty, T.L. (1980). The Analytical Hierarchy Process. McGraw-Hill. New York, NY.
[37]Safi, A. (2003). Teacher Training and Supply in Iran, Quarterly Journal of Education. Research Institute of Education. 72-73. (in Persian).
[38]Safi, A. (2006). Issues of Iranian Education and Ways to Reduce It. Tehran: Editorial Publishing. (in Persian).
[39]Sang, G., Valcke, M., Van Braak, J. & Tondeur, J. (2010). Student teachers’ thinking processes and ICT integration: Predictors of prospective teaching behaviors with educational technology. Computers & Education, 54(1), 103-112.
[40]Sarkar, S. (2012),The Role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Higher Education for the 21st Century. The Science Probe, 1(1), 30-41.
[41]School Intelligence Method .(2011). Center for Information and Communication Technolog and Information Technology, Ministry of Education.
[42]Seraji, F., Karami, Z. (2017). Provide a framework for educating research, technology and innovation teachers, Teacher Professional Development Quarterly, 2(3), 83-102. (in Persian.(
[43]Shabani, Z. (2004). A Comparative Study of Teacher Training Program in Iran and several countries of the world. Quarterly Journal of Education. 20(3), 121-159. (in Persian.(
[44]Shams, M. (2005). Information and Communication Technologies in the Field of Teacher Training, National Commission for UNESCO. Tehran: Publications. (in Persian).
[45]Sivagami, A. & Samundeeswari, R. (2015). A Study on use of information communication technology in higher education in Thanjavur district. International Journal of Management (IJM), 6(1), 418-426.
[46]Taghdisian, S., Turani, H., Moshiri, M., Jafar Abadi, M. & Shaari Nejad, A. (2002). Teachers' participation from the point of view of experts. Roshd Moallem Magazine. (169), 34-37. (in Persian.(
[47]Unesco Report. (2011). ICT competency framework for teacher. Retrived May 6, 2012 from Http//unecdoc.org.
[48]Unesco, (2015). Education 2030 Incheon Declaration Towards inclusive and equitable quality education and lifelong learning for all. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/ED/ED/pdf/FFA_Complet_Web-ENG.pdf.
[49]Unesco. (2008). ICT Competency standards for teachers Competency Standard Modul. Available. Http:..www. unesco. org.en.competency-standard-teachers.
[50]Unesco. (2008). ICT Competency standards for teachers Competency Standard Modul. Available. Http:..www. unesco. org.en.competency-standard-teachers.
[51]Zandvanian, A., Karamdoost, Nowruz, A., & Abolghasemi, M. (2006). Designing a suitable model for academic guidance of high school students. Journal of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, (1 and 2), 122-99. (in Persian.(
[52]Zarei Zavaraki, I., Ahmadi, R., Norouzi, D. & Delavar, A. (2017). Develop and validate a model of educational design for the technological competencies of student-teachers based on upstream national and international documents. Curriculum Technology, 2 (3), 68-53. (in Persian.(
[2]Ananda, J. & Herath G. (2003). The use of analytical hierarchy process to incorporate stakeholder proferences into regional forest planning. Forest Policy and Economics. 5(1), 13-26.
[3]Asli, A., Berrado, A., Sendide, Kh. & Darhmaoui, H. (2012).Effect of the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) resources on the scholastic performance of middle school students in biology and geology courses. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5(5), 1113-1117.
[4]Badeleh, A. (2018). Investigating the provision of professional and specialized services of information and communication technology of Farhangian University on the developments of the educational system. Journal Curriculum planning studies, 7(13), 26-45. (in Persian.(
[5]Badeleh, A. & Deilami, S. (2017). Smart schools from design to operation, Tehran: Dibagaran Publications (in Persian.(
[6]Buntat, Y., Saud, M. S., Dahar, A., Arifin, K. S. & Zaid, Y. H. (2010). Computer technology application and vocational education: a review of literature and research. European Journal of Social Sciences, 14(4), 645-651.
[7]Crompton, H. (2017). Moving toward a mobile learning landscape: presenting a mlearning integration framework. Interactive Technology and Smart Education, 14(2), 97-109.
[8]Daneshpajooh, Z. & Valiullah, F. (2006). Evaluation of professional skills of primary teachers, Quarterly Journal of Educational Innovation. (18). (in Persian.(
[9]Davaei, Sh., Emamjomeh, S. M. & Ahmadi, Gh. (2013). Investigation and formulation of teachers’ required ICT competencies and skills in the process of teaching-learning. Journal of theory and practice in curriculum, 1(1). (In Persian).
[9]Davlati, A., Jamshidi, L. & Amin Bidkhti, A. (2016). Teachers' specific features in improving the teaching process-learning intelligent schools. Journal of Educational and Evaluation, 9(34), 96-77. (In Persian).
[10]Dorrani, K., Karamdost, N. A., Ghalavandi, H. & HamzeHrobati, M. (2014). Evaluation of Smart Schools’ Current Statue in Mazandaran Province based on “Smart School Development” Conceptual Model. Future of Medical Education Journal, 4(3), 39-47.
[11]George town college. (2011). Developing scholars who are coppetent and caring educators. commited to the sprit of service and learning. Conceptual framework, Department of education, teacher education program.
[12]Grant Carl A. & Maureen G. (2006). A Candid Talk to Teacher Educators about Effectively Preparing Teachers Who Can Teach Everyone’s Children. Journal of Teachers Educations,57(3.(
[13]Groff, J. & Mouza, C. (2008). A framework for addressing challenges to classroom technology use. AACE Journal, 16(1), 21-46.
[14]Herasymenko, I. (2016). Used distance learning technologies. In 2016 13th International Conference on Modern Problems of Radio Engineering, Telecommunications and Computer Science (TCSET), 813-816.
[15]Heydari, M., & Nik Fallah, M. (2018). The effect of school intelligence on improving the academic performance of high school students in Karaj. Educational Management Innovations, 13 (3), 58-45. (in Persian.(
[16]Heydari, M., Vaziri, M. & Jahantigh, F. (2013). Investigating the status of smart schools based on standards and comparing the academic performance and critical thinking of its students with regular schools. Journal of Information and Communication Technology in Educational Sciences, 4 (2), 173-149. (in Persian.(
[17]Hong, J., Jeou-Shyan, H., Chan, L., & Lih-Juan CH. (2008). Competency disparity between pre-service teacher education and in-service teaching requirements in Taiwan. International Journal of Educational Development, 28(1).
[18]Hosseinchari, M., Ghezelbiglo, F., Jokar, B. (2019). Teacher-student interaction and self-efficacy with academic vitality: The mediating role of goal orientation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 15 (52), 85-45. (in Persian.(
[19]Huntly, H. (2008). Teacher’s work: Beginning Teachers’ Conceptions of Competence. The Australian Educational Researcher, 35(1).
[20]Huntly, H. (2008). Teacher’s work: Beginning Teachers’ Conceptions of Competence, Thesis. Central Queensland University.
[21]Khan, B. (2005). Managing e-learning strategies: Design, delivery, implementation and evaluation. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Inc.
[22]Lee, j., Wing, p., & Yuk, y. (2003). Teachers Evaluation and Effectiveness in Hong Kong : Issues and Challenges. Journal of Personnel in Education, 17 (1 .(
[23]Lim, D. H. (2002). Perceived differences between classroom and distance education: Seeking instructional strategies for learning application. International Journal of Educational Technology, 3, 20–32.
[24]Maleki, H. (2005). Teacher Professional Qualifications. Tehran: Madrasa Publications (in Persian).
[25]Mojtahed Zadeh, R., Bardjalilu, S., Bardjalilu, N., & Mohammadi, A. (2013). Identifying and Prioritizing Factors Affecting the Performance of the E-Teacher through the Fuzzy AHP Model. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 13(8),691-681. (in Persian).
[26]Mojtahedzadeh, R., Borjaliloo, S., Borjaliloo, N., & Mohammadi, A. (2018). Identifying and prioritizing the factors affecting e-teacher performance through fuzzy AHP model. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 13(8), 681-691. (in Persian).
[27]Mojtahedzadeh, R., Mohammadi, R., Imami, A. (2011). Educational design, implementation and evaluation of an e-learning system, an experiment in Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 11 (4), 359-348.
[28]Moor, J., Dickson-Deane, C. & Galyen, K. (2011), E-Learning, online learning, and distance learning environments: Are they the same? Internet and Higher Education, 14 (11), 129-135.
[29]Musavi, F., Naseri, M. (2015). Educational needs assessment of teachers' technological skills. National Conference on Educational Management in the Age of Information and Communication Technology. (in Persian.(
[30]Rahimi, M. & Yadollahi, S. (2011). The anxiety of high school students and its relationship with the use of computers and personal computer ownership. In Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on E-Learning, University of Technology, Tehran (Vol. 18). (In Persian).
[31]Rasooli, N., Abdollahi, D. (2017). The role of academic and career counseling in choosing a field and choosing a job in educational planning. Iranian Conference on Psychology and Behavioral Sciences. (in Persian.(
[32]Reeve, J. (2006). Teachers as facilitators: What autonomy-supportive teachers do and why their students benefit. The elementary school journal, 106(3), 225-236.
[33]Rezaei Madani, M., Sheriff Hormozi, A. & Naimi, I. (2019). Investigating the process of modern academic guidance from the perspective of school counselors. Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy Culture, 10 (39), 48-27. (in Persian.(
[34]Rovov, A. (2000). Global Movement for the Improvement of Teacher Training. Tehran: Publications of the Research Institute of Education (in Persian.(
[35]Saaty, T. (1990). Multicriteria Decision Making, The Analytic Hierarchy Process. RWS Publications, Pittsburg, PA.
[36]Saaty, T.L. (1980). The Analytical Hierarchy Process. McGraw-Hill. New York, NY.
[37]Safi, A. (2003). Teacher Training and Supply in Iran, Quarterly Journal of Education. Research Institute of Education. 72-73. (in Persian).
[38]Safi, A. (2006). Issues of Iranian Education and Ways to Reduce It. Tehran: Editorial Publishing. (in Persian).
[39]Sang, G., Valcke, M., Van Braak, J. & Tondeur, J. (2010). Student teachers’ thinking processes and ICT integration: Predictors of prospective teaching behaviors with educational technology. Computers & Education, 54(1), 103-112.
[40]Sarkar, S. (2012),The Role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Higher Education for the 21st Century. The Science Probe, 1(1), 30-41.
[41]School Intelligence Method .(2011). Center for Information and Communication Technolog and Information Technology, Ministry of Education.
[42]Seraji, F., Karami, Z. (2017). Provide a framework for educating research, technology and innovation teachers, Teacher Professional Development Quarterly, 2(3), 83-102. (in Persian.(
[43]Shabani, Z. (2004). A Comparative Study of Teacher Training Program in Iran and several countries of the world. Quarterly Journal of Education. 20(3), 121-159. (in Persian.(
[44]Shams, M. (2005). Information and Communication Technologies in the Field of Teacher Training, National Commission for UNESCO. Tehran: Publications. (in Persian).
[45]Sivagami, A. & Samundeeswari, R. (2015). A Study on use of information communication technology in higher education in Thanjavur district. International Journal of Management (IJM), 6(1), 418-426.
[46]Taghdisian, S., Turani, H., Moshiri, M., Jafar Abadi, M. & Shaari Nejad, A. (2002). Teachers' participation from the point of view of experts. Roshd Moallem Magazine. (169), 34-37. (in Persian.(
[47]Unesco Report. (2011). ICT competency framework for teacher. Retrived May 6, 2012 from Http//unecdoc.org.
[48]Unesco, (2015). Education 2030 Incheon Declaration Towards inclusive and equitable quality education and lifelong learning for all. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/ED/ED/pdf/FFA_Complet_Web-ENG.pdf.
[49]Unesco. (2008). ICT Competency standards for teachers Competency Standard Modul. Available. Http:..www. unesco. org.en.competency-standard-teachers.
[50]Unesco. (2008). ICT Competency standards for teachers Competency Standard Modul. Available. Http:..www. unesco. org.en.competency-standard-teachers.
[51]Zandvanian, A., Karamdoost, Nowruz, A., & Abolghasemi, M. (2006). Designing a suitable model for academic guidance of high school students. Journal of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, (1 and 2), 122-99. (in Persian.(
[52]Zarei Zavaraki, I., Ahmadi, R., Norouzi, D. & Delavar, A. (2017). Develop and validate a model of educational design for the technological competencies of student-teachers based on upstream national and international documents. Curriculum Technology, 2 (3), 68-53. (in Persian).
| [1]Abedi Gorgi ban, Z., & Ali Akbari, Z. (2011). Teachers competencies. Quarterly Journal of Research and Innovation, 26(8), 20-23. (In Persian).
[2]Ananda, J., & Herath G. (2003). The use of analytical hierarchy process to incorporate stakeholder proferences into regional forest planning. Forest Policy and Economics. 5(1), 13-26. [3]Asli, A., Berrado, A., Sendide, Kh., & Darhmaoui, H. (2012).Effect of the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) resources on the scholastic performance of middle school students in biology and geology courses. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5(5), 1113-1117. [4]Badeleh, A. (2018). Investigating the provision of professional and specialized services of information and communication technology of Farhangian University on the developments of the educational system. Journal Curriculum planning studies, 7(13), 26-45. (in Persian.( [5]Badeleh, A., & Deilami, S. (2017). Smart schools from design to operation, Tehran: Dibagaran Publications (in Persian.( [6]Buntat, Y., Saud, M. S., Dahar, A., Arifin, K. S., & Zaid, Y. H. (2010). Computer technology application and vocational education: a review of literature and research. European Journal of Social Sciences, 14(4), 645-651. [7]Crompton, H. (2017). Moving toward a mobile learning landscape: presenting a mlearning integration framework. Interactive Technology and Smart Education, 14(2), 97-109. [8]Daneshpajooh, Z., & Valiullah, F. (2006). Evaluation of professional skills of primary teachers, Quarterly Journal of Educational Innovation. (18). (in Persian.( [9]Davaei, Sh., Emamjomeh, S. M., & Ahmadi, Gh. (2013). Investigation and formulation of teachers’ required ICT competencies and skills in the process of teaching-learning. Journal of theory and practice in curriculum, 1(1). (In Persian). [9]Davlati, A., Jamshidi, L., & Amin Bidkhti, A. (2016). Teachers' specific features in improving the teaching process-learning intelligent schools. Journal of Educational and Evaluation, 9(34), 96-77. (In Persian). [10]Dorrani, K., Karamdost, N. A., Ghalavandi, H., & HamzeHrobati, M. (2014). Evaluation of Smart Schools’ Current Statue in Mazandaran Province based on “Smart School Development” Conceptual Model. Future of Medical Education Journal, 4(3), 39-47. [11]George town college. (2011). Developing scholars who are coppetent and caring educators. commited to the sprit of service and learning. Conceptual framework, Department of education, teacher education program. [12]Grant Carl A., & Maureen G. (2006). A Candid Talk to Teacher Educators about Effectively Preparing Teachers Who Can Teach Everyone’s Children. Journal of Teachers Educations,57(3.( [13]Groff, J., & Mouza, C. (2008). A framework for addressing challenges to classroom technology use. AACE Journal, 16(1), 21-46. [14]Herasymenko, I. (2016). Used distance learning technologies. In 2016 13th International Conference on Modern Problems of Radio Engineering, Telecommunications and Computer Science (TCSET), 813-816. [15]Heydari, M., & Nik Fallah, M. (2018). The effect of school intelligence on improving the academic performance of high school students in Karaj. Educational Management Innovations, 13 (3), 58-45. (in Persian.( [16]Heydari, M., Vaziri, M., & Jahantigh, F. (2013). Investigating the status of smart schools based on standards and comparing the academic performance and critical thinking of its students with regular schools. Journal of Information and Communication Technology in Educational Sciences, 4 (2), 173-149. (in Persian.( [17]Hong, J., Jeou-Shyan, H., Chan, L., & Lih-Juan CH. (2008). Competency disparity between pre-service teacher education and in-service teaching requirements in Taiwan. International Journal of Educational Development, 28(1). [18]Hosseinchari, M., Ghezelbiglo, F., Jokar, B. (2019). Teacher-student interaction and self-efficacy with academic vitality: The mediating role of goal orientation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 15 (52), 85-45. (in Persian.( [19]Huntly, H. (2008). Teacher’s work: Beginning Teachers’ Conceptions of Competence. The Australian Educational Researcher, 35(1). [20]Huntly, H. (2008). Teacher’s work: Beginning Teachers’ Conceptions of Competence, Thesis. Central Queensland University. [21]Khan, B. (2005). Managing e-learning strategies: Design, delivery, implementation and evaluation. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Inc. [22]Lee, j., Wing, p., & Yuk, y. (2003). Teachers Evaluation and Effectiveness in Hong Kong : Issues and Challenges. Journal of Personnel in Education, 17 (1 .( [23]Lim, D. H. (2002). Perceived differences between classroom and distance education: Seeking instructional strategies for learning application. International Journal of Educational Technology, 3, 20–32. [24]Maleki, H. (2005). Teacher Professional Qualifications. Tehran: Madrasa Publications (in Persian). [25]Mojtahed Zadeh, R., Bardjalilu, S., Bardjalilu, N., & Mohammadi, A. (2013). Identifying and Prioritizing Factors Affecting the Performance of the E-Teacher through the Fuzzy AHP Model. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 13(8),691-681. (in Persian). [26]Mojtahedzadeh, R., Borjaliloo, S., Borjaliloo, N., & Mohammadi, A. (2018). Identifying and prioritizing the factors affecting e-teacher performance through fuzzy AHP model. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 13(8), 681-691. (in Persian). [27]Mojtahedzadeh, R., Mohammadi, R., Imami, A. (2011). Educational design, implementation and evaluation of an e-learning system, an experiment in Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 11 (4), 359-348. [28]Moor, J., Dickson-Deane, C., & Galyen, K. (2011), E-Learning, online learning, and distance learning environments: Are they the same? Internet and Higher Education, 14 (11), 129-135. [29]Musavi, F., Naseri, M. (2015). Educational needs assessment of teachers' technological skills. National Conference on Educational Management in the Age of Information and Communication Technology. (in Persian.( [30]Rahimi, M., & Yadollahi, S. (2011). The anxiety of high school students and its relationship with the use of computers and personal computer ownership. In Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on E-Learning, University of Technology, Tehran (Vol. 18). (In Persian). [31]Rasooli, N., Abdollahi, D. (2017). The role of academic and career counseling in choosing a field and choosing a job in educational planning. Iranian Conference on Psychology and Behavioral Sciences. (in Persian.( [32]Reeve, J. (2006). Teachers as facilitators: What autonomy-supportive teachers do and why their students benefit. The elementary school journal, 106(3), 225-236. [33]Rezaei Madani, M., Sheriff Hormozi, A., & Naimi, I. (2019). Investigating the process of modern academic guidance from the perspective of school counselors. Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy Culture, 10 (39), 48-27. (in Persian.( [34]Rovov, A. (2000). Global Movement for the Improvement of Teacher Training. Tehran: Publications of the Research Institute of Education (in Persian.( [35]Saaty, T. (1990). Multicriteria Decision Making, The Analytic Hierarchy Process. RWS Publications, Pittsburg, PA. [36]Saaty, T.L. (1980). The Analytical Hierarchy Process. McGraw-Hill. New York, NY. [37]Safi, A. (2003). Teacher Training and Supply in Iran, Quarterly Journal of Education. Research Institute of Education. 72-73. (in Persian). [38]Safi, A. (2006). Issues of Iranian Education and Ways to Reduce It. Tehran: Editorial Publishing. (in Persian). [39]Sang, G., Valcke, M., Van Braak, J., & Tondeur, J. (2010). Student teachers’ thinking processes and ICT integration: Predictors of prospective teaching behaviors with educational technology. Computers & Education, 54(1), 103-112. [40]Sarkar, S. (2012),The Role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Higher Education for the 21st Century. The Science Probe, 1(1), 30-41. [41]School Intelligence Method .(2011). Center for Information and Communication Technolog and Information Technology, Ministry of Education. [42]Seraji, F., Karami, Z. (2017). Provide a framework for educating research, technology and innovation teachers, Teacher Professional Development Quarterly, 2(3), 83-102. (in Persian.( [43]Shabani, Z. (2004). A Comparative Study of Teacher Training Program in Iran and several countries of the world. Quarterly Journal of Education. 20(3), 121-159. (in Persian.( [44]Shams, M. (2005). Information and Communication Technologies in the Field of Teacher Training, National Commission for UNESCO. Tehran: Publications. (in Persian). [45]Sivagami, A., & Samundeeswari, R. (2015). A Study on use of information communication technology in higher education in Thanjavur district. International Journal of Management (IJM), 6(1), 418-426. [46]Taghdisian, S., Turani, H., Moshiri, M., Jafar Abadi, M., & Shaari Nejad, A. (2002). Teachers' participation from the point of view of experts. Roshd Moallem Magazine. (169), 34-37. (in Persian.( [47]Unesco Report. (2011). ICT competency framework for teacher. Retrived May 6, 2012 from Http//unecdoc.org. [48]Unesco, (2015). Education 2030 Incheon Declaration Towards inclusive and equitable quality education and lifelong learning for all. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/ED/ED/pdf/FFA_Complet_Web-ENG.pdf. [49]Unesco. (2008). ICT Competency standards for teachers Competency Standard Modul. Available. Http:..www. unesco. org.en.competency-standard-teachers. [50]Unesco. (2008). ICT Competency standards for teachers Competency Standard Modul. Available. Http:..www. unesco. org.en.competency-standard-teachers. [51]Zandvanian, A., Karamdoost, Nowruz, A., & Abolghasemi, M. (2006). Designing a suitable model for academic guidance of high school students. Journal of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, (1 and 2), 122-99. (in Persian.( [52]Zarei Zavaraki, I., Ahmadi, R., Norouzi, D., & Delavar, A. (2017). Develop and validate a model of educational design for the technological competencies of student-teachers based on upstream national and international documents. Curriculum Technology, 2 (3), 68-53. (in Persian.( |
[1]Abedi Gorgi ban, Z. & Ali Akbari, Z. (2011). Teachers competencies. Quarterly Journal of Research and Innovation, 26(8), 20-23. (In Persian).
[2]Ananda, J. & Herath G. (2003). The use of analytical hierarchy process to incorporate stakeholder proferences into regional forest planning. Forest Policy and Economics. 5(1), 13-26.
[3]Asli, A., Berrado, A., Sendide, Kh. & Darhmaoui, H. (2012).Effect of the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) resources on the scholastic performance of middle school students in biology and geology courses. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5(5), 1113-1117.
[4]Badeleh, A. (2018). Investigating the provision of professional and specialized services of information and communication technology of Farhangian University on the developments of the educational system. Journal Curriculum planning studies, 7(13), 26-45. (in Persian.(
[5]Badeleh, A. & Deilami, S. (2017). Smart schools from design to operation, Tehran: Dibagaran Publications (in Persian.(
[6]Buntat, Y., Saud, M. S., Dahar, A., Arifin, K. S. & Zaid, Y. H. (2010). Computer technology application and vocational education: a review of literature and research. European Journal of Social Sciences, 14(4), 645-651.
[7]Crompton, H. (2017). Moving toward a mobile learning landscape: presenting a mlearning integration framework. Interactive Technology and Smart Education, 14(2), 97-109.
[8]Daneshpajooh, Z. & Valiullah, F. (2006). Evaluation of professional skills of primary teachers, Quarterly Journal of Educational Innovation. (18). (in Persian.(
[9]Davaei, Sh., Emamjomeh, S. M. & Ahmadi, Gh. (2013). Investigation and formulation of teachers’ required ICT competencies and skills in the process of teaching-learning. Journal of theory and practice in curriculum, 1(1). (In Persian).
[9]Davlati, A., Jamshidi, L. & Amin Bidkhti, A. (2016). Teachers' specific features in improving the teaching process-learning intelligent schools. Journal of Educational and Evaluation, 9(34), 96-77. (In Persian).
[10]Dorrani, K., Karamdost, N. A., Ghalavandi, H. & HamzeHrobati, M. (2014). Evaluation of Smart Schools’ Current Statue in Mazandaran Province based on “Smart School Development” Conceptual Model. Future of Medical Education Journal, 4(3), 39-47.
[11]George town college. (2011). Developing scholars who are coppetent and caring educators. commited to the sprit of service and learning. Conceptual framework, Department of education, teacher education program.
[12]Grant Carl A. & Maureen G. (2006). A Candid Talk to Teacher Educators about Effectively Preparing Teachers Who Can Teach Everyone’s Children. Journal of Teachers Educations,57(3.(
[13]Groff, J. & Mouza, C. (2008). A framework for addressing challenges to classroom technology use. AACE Journal, 16(1), 21-46.
[14]Herasymenko, I. (2016). Used distance learning technologies. In 2016 13th International Conference on Modern Problems of Radio Engineering, Telecommunications and Computer Science (TCSET), 813-816.
[15]Heydari, M., & Nik Fallah, M. (2018). The effect of school intelligence on improving the academic performance of high school students in Karaj. Educational Management Innovations, 13 (3), 58-45. (in Persian.(
[16]Heydari, M., Vaziri, M. & Jahantigh, F. (2013). Investigating the status of smart schools based on standards and comparing the academic performance and critical thinking of its students with regular schools. Journal of Information and Communication Technology in Educational Sciences, 4 (2), 173-149. (in Persian.(
[17]Hong, J., Jeou-Shyan, H., Chan, L., & Lih-Juan CH. (2008). Competency disparity between pre-service teacher education and in-service teaching requirements in Taiwan. International Journal of Educational Development, 28(1).
[18]Hosseinchari, M., Ghezelbiglo, F., Jokar, B. (2019). Teacher-student interaction and self-efficacy with academic vitality: The mediating role of goal orientation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 15 (52), 85-45. (in Persian.(
[19]Huntly, H. (2008). Teacher’s work: Beginning Teachers’ Conceptions of Competence. The Australian Educational Researcher, 35(1).
[20]Huntly, H. (2008). Teacher’s work: Beginning Teachers’ Conceptions of Competence, Thesis. Central Queensland University.
[21]Khan, B. (2005). Managing e-learning strategies: Design, delivery, implementation and evaluation. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Inc.
[22]Lee, j., Wing, p., & Yuk, y. (2003). Teachers Evaluation and Effectiveness in Hong Kong : Issues and Challenges. Journal of Personnel in Education, 17 (1 .(
[23]Lim, D. H. (2002). Perceived differences between classroom and distance education: Seeking instructional strategies for learning application. International Journal of Educational Technology, 3, 20–32.
[24]Maleki, H. (2005). Teacher Professional Qualifications. Tehran: Madrasa Publications (in Persian).
[25]Mojtahed Zadeh, R., Bardjalilu, S., Bardjalilu, N., & Mohammadi, A. (2013). Identifying and Prioritizing Factors Affecting the Performance of the E-Teacher through the Fuzzy AHP Model. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 13(8),691-681. (in Persian).
[26]Mojtahedzadeh, R., Borjaliloo, S., Borjaliloo, N., & Mohammadi, A. (2018). Identifying and prioritizing the factors affecting e-teacher performance through fuzzy AHP model. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 13(8), 681-691. (in Persian).
[27]Mojtahedzadeh, R., Mohammadi, R., Imami, A. (2011). Educational design, implementation and evaluation of an e-learning system, an experiment in Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 11 (4), 359-348.
[28]Moor, J., Dickson-Deane, C. & Galyen, K. (2011), E-Learning, online learning, and distance learning environments: Are they the same? Internet and Higher Education, 14 (11), 129-135.
[29]Musavi, F., Naseri, M. (2015). Educational needs assessment of teachers' technological skills. National Conference on Educational Management in the Age of Information and Communication Technology. (in Persian.(
[30]Rahimi, M. & Yadollahi, S. (2011). The anxiety of high school students and its relationship with the use of computers and personal computer ownership. In Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on E-Learning, University of Technology, Tehran (Vol. 18). (In Persian).
[31]Rasooli, N., Abdollahi, D. (2017). The role of academic and career counseling in choosing a field and choosing a job in educational planning. Iranian Conference on Psychology and Behavioral Sciences. (in Persian.(
[32]Reeve, J. (2006). Teachers as facilitators: What autonomy-supportive teachers do and why their students benefit. The elementary school journal, 106(3), 225-236.
[33]Rezaei Madani, M., Sheriff Hormozi, A. & Naimi, I. (2019). Investigating the process of modern academic guidance from the perspective of school counselors. Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy Culture, 10 (39), 48-27. (in Persian.(
[34]Rovov, A. (2000). Global Movement for the Improvement of Teacher Training. Tehran: Publications of the Research Institute of Education (in Persian.(
[35]Saaty, T. (1990). Multicriteria Decision Making, The Analytic Hierarchy Process. RWS Publications, Pittsburg, PA.
[36]Saaty, T.L. (1980). The Analytical Hierarchy Process. McGraw-Hill. New York, NY.
[37]Safi, A. (2003). Teacher Training and Supply in Iran, Quarterly Journal of Education. Research Institute of Education. 72-73. (in Persian).
[38]Safi, A. (2006). Issues of Iranian Education and Ways to Reduce It. Tehran: Editorial Publishing. (in Persian).
[39]Sang, G., Valcke, M., Van Braak, J. & Tondeur, J. (2010). Student teachers’ thinking processes and ICT integration: Predictors of prospective teaching behaviors with educational technology. Computers & Education, 54(1), 103-112.
[40]Sarkar, S. (2012),The Role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Higher Education for the 21st Century. The Science Probe, 1(1), 30-41.
[41]School Intelligence Method .(2011). Center for Information and Communication Technolog and Information Technology, Ministry of Education.
[42]Seraji, F., Karami, Z. (2017). Provide a framework for educating research, technology and innovation teachers, Teacher Professional Development Quarterly, 2(3), 83-102. (in Persian.(
[43]Shabani, Z. (2004). A Comparative Study of Teacher Training Program in Iran and several countries of the world. Quarterly Journal of Education. 20(3), 121-159. (in Persian.(
[44]Shams, M. (2005). Information and Communication Technologies in the Field of Teacher Training, National Commission for UNESCO. Tehran: Publications. (in Persian).
[45]Sivagami, A. & Samundeeswari, R. (2015). A Study on use of information communication technology in higher education in Thanjavur district. International Journal of Management (IJM), 6(1), 418-426.
[46]Taghdisian, S., Turani, H., Moshiri, M., Jafar Abadi, M. & Shaari Nejad, A. (2002). Teachers' participation from the point of view of experts. Roshd Moallem Magazine. (169), 34-37. (in Persian.(
[47]Unesco Report. (2011). ICT competency framework for teacher. Retrived May 6, 2012 from Http//unecdoc.org.
[48]Unesco, (2015). Education 2030 Incheon Declaration Towards inclusive and equitable quality education and lifelong learning for all. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/ED/ED/pdf/FFA_Complet_Web-ENG.pdf.
[49]Unesco. (2008). ICT Competency standards for teachers Competency Standard Modul. Available. Http:..www. unesco. org.en.competency-standard-teachers.
[50]Unesco. (2008). ICT Competency standards for teachers Competency Standard Modul. Available. Http:..www. unesco. org.en.competency-standard-teachers.
[51]Zandvanian, A., Karamdoost, Nowruz, A., & Abolghasemi, M. (2006). Designing a suitable model for academic guidance of high school students. Journal of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, (1 and 2), 122-99. (in Persian.(
[52]Zarei Zavaraki, I., Ahmadi, R., Norouzi, D. & Delavar, A. (2017). Develop and validate a model of educational design for the technological competencies of student-teachers based on upstream national and international documents. Curriculum Technology, 2 (3), 68-53. (in Persian.(
[1]Abedi Gorgi ban, Z. & Ali Akbari, Z. (2011). Teachers competencies. Quarterly Journal of Research and Innovation, 26(8), 20-23. (In Persian).
[2]Ananda, J. & Herath G. (2003). The use of analytical hierarchy process to incorporate stakeholder proferences into regional forest planning. Forest Policy and Economics. 5(1), 13-26.
[3]Asli, A., Berrado, A., Sendide, Kh. & Darhmaoui, H. (2012).Effect of the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) resources on the scholastic performance of middle school students in biology and geology courses. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5(5), 1113-1117.
[4]Badeleh, A. (2018). Investigating the provision of professional and specialized services of information and communication technology of Farhangian University on the developments of the educational system. Journal Curriculum planning studies, 7(13), 26-45. (in Persian.(
[5]Badeleh, A. & Deilami, S. (2017). Smart schools from design to operation, Tehran: Dibagaran Publications (in Persian.(
[6]Buntat, Y., Saud, M. S., Dahar, A., Arifin, K. S. & Zaid, Y. H. (2010). Computer technology application and vocational education: a review of literature and research. European Journal of Social Sciences, 14(4), 645-651.
[7]Crompton, H. (2017). Moving toward a mobile learning landscape: presenting a mlearning integration framework. Interactive Technology and Smart Education, 14(2), 97-109.
[8]Daneshpajooh, Z. & Valiullah, F. (2006). Evaluation of professional skills of primary teachers, Quarterly Journal of Educational Innovation. (18). (in Persian.(
[9]Davaei, Sh., Emamjomeh, S. M. & Ahmadi, Gh. (2013). Investigation and formulation of teachers’ required ICT competencies and skills in the process of teaching-learning. Journal of theory and practice in curriculum, 1(1). (In Persian).
[9]Davlati, A., Jamshidi, L. & Amin Bidkhti, A. (2016). Teachers' specific features in improving the teaching process-learning intelligent schools. Journal of Educational and Evaluation, 9(34), 96-77. (In Persian).
[10]Dorrani, K., Karamdost, N. A., Ghalavandi, H. & HamzeHrobati, M. (2014). Evaluation of Smart Schools’ Current Statue in Mazandaran Province based on “Smart School Development” Conceptual Model. Future of Medical Education Journal, 4(3), 39-47.
[11]George town college. (2011). Developing scholars who are coppetent and caring educators. commited to the sprit of service and learning. Conceptual framework, Department of education, teacher education program.
[12]Grant Carl A. & Maureen G. (2006). A Candid Talk to Teacher Educators about Effectively Preparing Teachers Who Can Teach Everyone’s Children. Journal of Teachers Educations,57(3.(
[13]Groff, J. & Mouza, C. (2008). A framework for addressing challenges to classroom technology use. AACE Journal, 16(1), 21-46.
[14]Herasymenko, I. (2016). Used distance learning technologies. In 2016 13th International Conference on Modern Problems of Radio Engineering, Telecommunications and Computer Science (TCSET), 813-816.
[15]Heydari, M., & Nik Fallah, M. (2018). The effect of school intelligence on improving the academic performance of high school students in Karaj. Educational Management Innovations, 13 (3), 58-45. (in Persian.(
[16]Heydari, M., Vaziri, M. & Jahantigh, F. (2013). Investigating the status of smart schools based on standards and comparing the academic performance and critical thinking of its students with regular schools. Journal of Information and Communication Technology in Educational Sciences, 4 (2), 173-149. (in Persian.(
[17]Hong, J., Jeou-Shyan, H., Chan, L., & Lih-Juan CH. (2008). Competency disparity between pre-service teacher education and in-service teaching requirements in Taiwan. International Journal of Educational Development, 28(1).
[18]Hosseinchari, M., Ghezelbiglo, F., Jokar, B. (2019). Teacher-student interaction and self-efficacy with academic vitality: The mediating role of goal orientation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 15 (52), 85-45. (in Persian.(
[19]Huntly, H. (2008). Teacher’s work: Beginning Teachers’ Conceptions of Competence. The Australian Educational Researcher, 35(1).
[20]Huntly, H. (2008). Teacher’s work: Beginning Teachers’ Conceptions of Competence, Thesis. Central Queensland University.
[21]Khan, B. (2005). Managing e-learning strategies: Design, delivery, implementation and evaluation. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Inc.
[22]Lee, j., Wing, p., & Yuk, y. (2003). Teachers Evaluation and Effectiveness in Hong Kong : Issues and Challenges. Journal of Personnel in Education, 17 (1 .(
[23]Lim, D. H. (2002). Perceived differences between classroom and distance education: Seeking instructional strategies for learning application. International Journal of Educational Technology, 3, 20–32.
[24]Maleki, H. (2005). Teacher Professional Qualifications. Tehran: Madrasa Publications (in Persian).
[25]Mojtahed Zadeh, R., Bardjalilu, S., Bardjalilu, N., & Mohammadi, A. (2013). Identifying and Prioritizing Factors Affecting the Performance of the E-Teacher through the Fuzzy AHP Model. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 13(8),691-681. (in Persian).
[26]Mojtahedzadeh, R., Borjaliloo, S., Borjaliloo, N., & Mohammadi, A. (2018). Identifying and prioritizing the factors affecting e-teacher performance through fuzzy AHP model. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 13(8), 681-691. (in Persian).
[27]Mojtahedzadeh, R., Mohammadi, R., Imami, A. (2011). Educational design, implementation and evaluation of an e-learning system, an experiment in Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 11 (4), 359-348.
[28]Moor, J., Dickson-Deane, C. & Galyen, K. (2011), E-Learning, online learning, and distance learning environments: Are they the same? Internet and Higher Education, 14 (11), 129-135.
[29]Musavi, F., Naseri, M. (2015). Educational needs assessment of teachers' technological skills. National Conference on Educational Management in the Age of Information and Communication Technology. (in Persian.(
[30]Rahimi, M. & Yadollahi, S. (2011). The anxiety of high school students and its relationship with the use of computers and personal computer ownership. In Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on E-Learning, University of Technology, Tehran (Vol. 18). (In Persian).
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