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  1 - Preparation and Evaluation of NiFe204 and CuFe204 Nanoeatalysts by Combination of Sol- Gel Auto-Combustion Method and Irradiation Technique
  S. A. Khorrami S. A. Sepehr S. Manie G. Mahmoudzadeh S. Madani S. Moradi A. M. Sharif F. Gharib R. Lotfi
  The dried nitrate-urea gels exhibit the combination of autoicatatric combustion behavior and ultrasonic, whichcan be used to synthesize the nanocatalyst ferrite powders. Cu and Ni Unites nanocatalyst powders sithcomposition of Caned], and NiFe204 were synthesized by a s أکثر

  The dried nitrate-urea gels exhibit the combination of autoicatatric combustion behavior and ultrasonic, whichcan be used to synthesize the nanocatalyst ferrite powders. Cu and Ni Unites nanocatalyst powders sithcomposition of Caned], and NiFe204 were synthesized by a sol-gel auto catalnic combustion process. Themolar ratio between metal ions and urea was 11.2. The sob gel process was done at 80 °C. The nanopaniclecrystallines have been calcined at 800 °C.Combustion behavior and crystallite size of synthesized powders were investigated iyith the help of ScanningElectron Microscopy observation and X-ray diffraction technique. X- ray diffraction and Scanning ElectronMicroscopy were carried out for charactenzation of the powders. The grain size of the prepared femte powdersis found lobe in the range 30-35 mu_ تفاصيل المقالة
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  2 - بررسی تاثیر پرتودهی روی ترکیبات فرار طبیعی نعناع خشک و مهاجرت کرده از بسته‌بندی به درون آن
  فاطمه ودائی مریم میزانی مسعود مشهدی بوجار عباس گرامی
  مقدمه: سبزی‌های خشک نظیر نعناع معمولا بمنظور پیشگیری از آلودگی ثانویه وکاهش بار میکروبی به صورت از پیش بسته‌بندی شده پرتودهی می‌شوند. تحت تاثیر این فرایند، نوع و مقدار ترکیبات موثره فرار طبیعی محصول تغییر می‌کند و نیز در نتیجه واکنش‌های رادیولیز، یکسری یون‌ها، رادیکال‌ه أکثر

  مقدمه: سبزی‌های خشک نظیر نعناع معمولا بمنظور پیشگیری از آلودگی ثانویه وکاهش بار میکروبی به صورت از پیش بسته‌بندی شده پرتودهی می‌شوند. تحت تاثیر این فرایند، نوع و مقدار ترکیبات موثره فرار طبیعی محصول تغییر می‌کند و نیز در نتیجه واکنش‌های رادیولیز، یکسری یون‌ها، رادیکال‌های آزاد و مواد فرار با وزن مولکولی کم از ماده بسته‌بندی آزاد می‌شوند و به درون بسته مهاجرت و در محصول جذب می‌شوند. مواد و روش‌ها: سبزی خشک نعناع بصورت مخلوطی از نعناع معمولی وصحرایی درکیسه‌هایی ازفیلم پلیمری سه لایه پلی پروپیلنی و تحت سه دز تشعشعی 8، 10 و 15 کیلوگری قرار داده شد. سپس تغییرات ایجاد شده در ترکیبات فرار طبیعی و آزاد شده از ماده بسته‌بندی توسط تکنیک تقطیر- استخراج جداسازی و با گاز کروماتوگرافی همراه با آشکارساز یونیزه کننده با شعله بررسی گردید. یافته‌ها: 59 نوع ترکیب مختلف شناسایی و در چهار گروه تفکیک شد: 1) ترکیبات فرار طبیعی نعناع نظیر (β-myrcene, Sabinene) که در نتیجه پرتودهی بطور کامل از بین رفتند. 2) ترکیباتی از مواد طبیعی نعناع که مقدارشان با افزایش دز پرتودهی افزایش یافت (نظیر Trans sabinene hydrate، cis-jasmone ). 3) ترکیبات فرار طبیعی که در دزهای پایین لطمه ندیده ولی در 15 کیلوگری از بین رفته اند و 4) ترکیبات شیمیایی فرار حاصل از ماده بسته‌بندی پلیمری (نظیر tert-butyl benzene) که به درون بسته مهاجرت کردند. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد که ترکیبات طبیعی موجود در نعناع معمولی، به پرتودهی حساس‌تر می‌باشند و بمنظور حفظ کیفیت و ایمنی سبزی‌های خشک بسته‌بندی و پرتو داده شده ضروری است از حداکثر دز 8 کیلوگری و گونه‌های مقاوم‌تر نظیر نعناع صحرایی بسته‌بندی شده در پلیمرهای مقاوم نظیر پلی اتیلن ترفتالات استفاده گردد. تفاصيل المقالة
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  3 - Removal of Direct Red Dye 23 from Water and Wastewater Using S2O8 Oxidant Activated by UV Irradiation:An Investigation on the Operational Parameters
  Mohammad Hossein Rasoulifard Mohammad Hossein Alidoust
  The photo-oxidative decolorization of Direct Red 23 (DR23), a textile dye which is suspected to be carcinogenic was investigated using peroxydisulfate activated by UV irradiation and heat in a batch photo-reactor at experimental conditions. A very simple analytical meth أکثر

  The photo-oxidative decolorization of Direct Red 23 (DR23), a textile dye which is suspected to be carcinogenic was investigated using peroxydisulfate activated by UV irradiation and heat in a batch photo-reactor at experimental conditions. A very simple analytical method, direct UV–vis spectrophotometric detection, was utilized for the progress of photo-oxidative decolorization of dye in aqueous medium. The effect of operational parameters namely initial peroxydisulfate concentration, pH and temperature of reaction, additional photo-catalyst on the decolorization rate was truly investigated. The results showed that use of UV/S2 O8 2- system was a highly effective way to remove colored components from contaminated waters. Optimum conditions for maximum degradation was acidic pH (pH=2), temperature of 50°C with 7.5 mM of peroxydisulfate. Also, it was observed that dye degradation was enhanced using nano-TiO2 glass beads as photo-catalyst and peroxydisulfate consumption was significantly reduced to achieve the same percentages of dye degradation which was observed in UV/S2 O8 2- system at the same conditions. تفاصيل المقالة
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  4 - Photodegradation of Insecticide Chlorpyrifos in Aqueous Solution under Simulated Solar Light Irradiation Conditions using Babolrood River Water
  Seyed-Ali Sobhanian Abbas Ahmadi Babak Nahri-Niknafs
  Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate insecticide, used to control foliage and soil-borne insect pests on a variety of food and feed crops. In the natural environment, Chlorpyrifos can be degraded through several possible processes, including photodegradation, biodegradati أکثر

  Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate insecticide, used to control foliage and soil-borne insect pests on a variety of food and feed crops. In the natural environment, Chlorpyrifos can be degraded through several possible processes, including photodegradation, biodegradation, and hydrolysis. In the present work the photodegradation and environmental fate of Chlorpyrifos in aqueous phase under simulated natural conditions in the presence of artificial UV-light was investigated. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identification of Chlorpyrifos photodegradation products suggested the formation of only one major product, i.e., Chlorpyrifosoxon. Based on the structurally identified photoproduct a plausible degradation pathway is proposed for the photolysis of Chlorpyrifos in natural water over UV irradiated. تفاصيل المقالة
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  5 - Ultrasonic Irradiation Assisted Enantioselective Synthesis of Alzheimer’s Disease Drug Rivastigmine Tartrate by Using Nanocatalyst
  Hossein Asadnezhad Ali Saberi Abbas Azimi Roshan
  A highly efficient and convenient procedure for the enantioselective synthesis of (S)-Rivastigmine tartrate, a cholinergic agent for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer’s disease, is accomplished by the treatment of versatile, readily acces أکثر

  A highly efficient and convenient procedure for the enantioselective synthesis of (S)-Rivastigmine tartrate, a cholinergic agent for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer’s disease, is accomplished by the treatment of versatile, readily accessible N-Ethyl-N-methyl carbamoyl chloride with 3-hydroxyacetophenone under ultrasonic irradiation in presence of nano-K2CO3 were reported. This protocol provided a high yielding stereoselective and short synthesis of (S)-Rivastigmine tartrate with an overall isolated yield of 83%. All the starting reagents and catalyst are inexpensive and commercially available.Compared to conventional heating which provides thermal energy in the macro system, ultra sonification reduces reaction times, improves yields and minimizes side product formation by providing the activation energy in micro environment. As this technology involves energy conservation and minimal waste generation, it is widely accepted as a green chemistry approach. The reported strategy afforded under ultrasonic irradiation and in presence of Nano-K2CO3 via four steps, which (to the best of our knowledge) depicts the shortest and the most rapid method to enantiopure Rivastigmine tartrate reported to date. تفاصيل المقالة
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  6 - کاربرد فناوری هسته‌ای جهت تعیین دز کنترل‌کننده کرم گلوگاه انار، (Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller (Lep.: Pyralidae
  حمیدرضا ذوالفقاریه رضا وفایی شوشتری حسین فرازمند ، محمدرضا اردکانی محمد بابایی حسین مصطفوی
  کرم گلوگاه انار، (Ectomylois ceratoniae Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae، از مهمترین عوامل کاهش کمی و کیفی محصول انار ایران می باشد. استفاده از روش نابارورسازی در دنیا یکی از روش های کنترل آفات مختلف با شرایط خاص است. به منظور ارزیابی کنترل کرم گلوگاه انار با استفاده از أکثر

  کرم گلوگاه انار، (Ectomylois ceratoniae Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae، از مهمترین عوامل کاهش کمی و کیفی محصول انار ایران می باشد. استفاده از روش نابارورسازی در دنیا یکی از روش های کنترل آفات مختلف با شرایط خاص است. به منظور ارزیابی کنترل کرم گلوگاه انار با استفاده از روش هسته ای، نابارورسازی انجام شد. جهت پرورش حشره از جیره غذای مصنوعی در شرایط حرارتی 2±28 درجه سانتی گراد، رطوبت نسبی 5±60 درصد و 14 ساعت روشنایی به 10 ساعت تاریکی استفاده شد. شفیره های جوان و مسن با دزهای مختلف پرتو گاما (0 به عنوان شاهد، 40، 60، 80، 100، 120، 140، 160 گری) پرتودهی و حشرات کامل خارج شده حاصل، طبق چهار تیمار (نر پرتودهی شده × ماده طبیعی، ماده پرتو دهی شده × نر طبیعی، نر پرتودهی شده × ماده پرتودهی شده و نر طبیعی × ماده طبیعی یا شاهد) بررسی شدند. نتیجه حاصل نشان داد که بهترین شیوه تلاقی تیمار نر پرتودهی شده × ماده پرتودهی شده بوده و دز 120 و 160 گری به ترتیب بهترین کنترل کننده شفیره های جوان و شفیره های مسن کرم گلوگاه انار به روش نابارورسازی می باشند. تفاصيل المقالة
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  7 - اثر پرتو ماورای بنفش روی پارامتر‌های زیستی بید غلات Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lep., Gelechiidae)
  سعید محرمی‌پور علی اصغر طالبی روشنک صداقت
  بیدغلات،Sitotroga cerealella(Oliver)یکی از آفات مهم با دامنه میزبانی وسیع در ایران و اکثر مناطق جهان است. در این تحقیق اثر پرتوتابی تخم های یک، دو و سه روزه آفت با اشعه ماورای بنفش به مدت 5/0، 1، 2، 3 و 4 دقیقه روی ویژگی های زیستی در شرایط طبیعی اتاق در دمای 3± أکثر

  بیدغلات،Sitotroga cerealella(Oliver)یکی از آفات مهم با دامنه میزبانی وسیع در ایران و اکثر مناطق جهان است. در این تحقیق اثر پرتوتابی تخم های یک، دو و سه روزه آفت با اشعه ماورای بنفش به مدت 5/0، 1، 2، 3 و 4 دقیقه روی ویژگی های زیستی در شرایط طبیعی اتاق در دمای 3±27 درجه سلسیوس، دوره نوری 10 ساعت روشنایی و 14ساعت تاریکی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد همه مدت های پرتوتابی مورد آزمایش، میزان تفریخ تخم را کاهش می دهند. در هر سه گروه سنی تخم، با افزایش مدت زمان پرتوتابی میزان تفریخ تخم کاهش معنی دار یافت. از طرفی در هر مدت پرتوتابی، تخم های دو و سه روزه حساسیت بیشتری را نسبت به تخم های یک روزه نشان دادند. درصد تفریخ تخم در شاهد 88 درصد و در تخم های یک، دو و سه روزه با 4 دقیقه پرتوتابی به ترتیب به 35، 3 و 18 درصد کاهش یافت. پرتوتابی دوره جنینی تخم های دو و سه روزه را در مقایسه با شاهد به طور معنی داری افزایش داد. طول عمر حشرات ماده در نسل حاصل از تخم های تیمار شده دو و سه روزه در مقایسه با شاهد، کاهش معنی داری نشان داد، در حالی که در طول عمر حشرات نر تغییری مشاهده نشد. تفاصيل المقالة
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  8 - One-pot synthesis of triazolo[1,2-a]indazole-triones catalyzed by a novel magnetically and reusable green catalyst of Preyssler
  Maryam Akbari Ali Javid Farid Moeinpour
  An atom-efficient, eco-friendly, solvent-free, high yielding, multicomponent green strategy to synthesize triazolo[1,2-a]indazole-triones derivatives by the one-pot condensation of aldehyde, dimedone, and phenyl urazole under microwave Irradiationis presented. Reactions أکثر

  An atom-efficient, eco-friendly, solvent-free, high yielding, multicomponent green strategy to synthesize triazolo[1,2-a]indazole-triones derivatives by the one-pot condensation of aldehyde, dimedone, and phenyl urazole under microwave Irradiationis presented. Reactions catalyzed by A novel nanomagnetic organic-inorganic hybrid catalyst (Fe@Si-Gu-Prs) was prepared by the chemical anchoring of Preyssler heteropolyacid (H14[NaP5W30O110]) onto the surface of modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles with guanidine-propyl-trimethoxysilane linker. A series of different substituted aromatic aldehydes including either electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups used in this reaction participated well and gave the corresponding products in good to excellent yield. In this method, catalyst was isolated and reused several times, at least four times without significant loss of activity. تفاصيل المقالة
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  9 - Microwave-accelerated preparation of Nـ alkyl 2ـ ketomethyl quinoline Derivatives
  Javad Safari Hassan Karbasizadeh Sayed Hossein Banitaba
  A series of Nـ alkyl 2ـ ketomethylquinoline derivatives were synthesis by reaction of benzoyl chloride derivatives with Nـ methyl quinaldine iodide in the presence of triethyl amine under microwave irradiation. Enaminone form of the product study by spectroscopy method. أکثر

  A series of Nـ alkyl 2ـ ketomethylquinoline derivatives were synthesis by reaction of benzoyl chloride derivatives with Nـ methyl quinaldine iodide in the presence of triethyl amine under microwave irradiation. Enaminone form of the product study by spectroscopy method. The result revealed the Nـ alkyl 2ـ ketomethylquinoline the fixed enaminone tautomer. تفاصيل المقالة
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  10 - Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Nـ alkyl 2ـ ketomethyl quinoline Derivatives Under Solvent-free Conditions
  Javad Safari Hassan Karbasizadeh Sayed Hossein Banitaba
  A series of Nـ alkyl 2ـ ketomethylquinoline derivatives were synthesis by reaction of benzoyl chloride derivatives with Nـ methyl quinaldine iodide in the presence of triethyl amine under microwave irradiation. Enaminone form of the product study by spectroscopy method. أکثر

  A series of Nـ alkyl 2ـ ketomethylquinoline derivatives were synthesis by reaction of benzoyl chloride derivatives with Nـ methyl quinaldine iodide in the presence of triethyl amine under microwave irradiation. Enaminone form of the product study by spectroscopy method. The result revealed the Nـ alkyl 2ـ ketomethylquinoline the fixed enaminone tautomer. تفاصيل المقالة
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  11 - Study of oxidation coupling of thiols to disulfides with Tripropylammonium fluorochromate (VI) (TriPAFC) in convenient and microwave conditions
  Mohammad hosein farjam Amal Berisam
  Tripropylammonium fluorochromate is an efficient and new reagent, which prepares easily and oxidizes thiols to the corresponding disulfides quickly. The reactions perform cleanly and controlled to stop at the disulfide stage without over-oxidation side products. Couplin أکثر

  Tripropylammonium fluorochromate is an efficient and new reagent, which prepares easily and oxidizes thiols to the corresponding disulfides quickly. The reactions perform cleanly and controlled to stop at the disulfide stage without over-oxidation side products. Coupling of thiols to their corresponding disulfides studied in solution at room temperature and in solution under microwave radiation. The easy procedure, simple work-up, short reaction times, and excellent yields are another advantages of this reagent. تفاصيل المقالة
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  12 - Preparation and Characterization of ZrO2/ZnO Nanocomposite under Ultrasonic Irradiation via Sol-gel Route
  Sh. Aghabeygi M. Zare-Dehnavi A. Farhadyar N. Farhadyar
  Nanocomposite of ZrO2/ZnO was prepared under ultrasonic irradiation by sol gel process from directly mixing Zirconium and Zinc gels, and the mixture was placed under ultrasonic irradiation for 2 hours then aging time the filtrated composite gel was calcinated at 500&deg أکثر

  Nanocomposite of ZrO2/ZnO was prepared under ultrasonic irradiation by sol gel process from directly mixing Zirconium and Zinc gels, and the mixture was placed under ultrasonic irradiation for 2 hours then aging time the filtrated composite gel was calcinated at 500°C for 3h in furnace. The precursor sol of zirconium was prepared from an aqueous solution of ZrCl4 and zinc acetate dihydrated was dissolved in de-ionized water. The FT-IR analysis and the XRD study were exhibited that the crystal structure and purity of the ZrO2/ZnO nanocomposite FESEM images was indicated the morphology and the average size of the NPs. The average size of the ZrO2/ZnO nanocomposite was determined 37 nm. تفاصيل المقالة
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  13 - تأثیر استفاده همزمان از اشعه گاما، اسانس آویشن و بسته بندی تحت خلاء بر ماندگاری میگو در طی نگهداری در یخچال
  شهرزاد عاشوری شادی مهدیخانی محمدرضا خانی
  10.30495/jfh.2019.669272
  نگهداری مواد غذایی فسادپذیر یکی از چالش‌های عمده در این صنعت می‌باشد. در این تحقیق، اثر تیمارهای پرتودهی گاما، اسانس آویشن و بسته‌بندی تحت خلأ بر میگوی تازه طی دوره نگه‌داری یخچالی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. بدین منظور، از دو غلظت اسانس آویشن (4/0 و 8/0 درصد حجمی/وزنی) و د أکثر

  نگهداری مواد غذایی فسادپذیر یکی از چالش‌های عمده در این صنعت می‌باشد. در این تحقیق، اثر تیمارهای پرتودهی گاما، اسانس آویشن و بسته‌بندی تحت خلأ بر میگوی تازه طی دوره نگه‌داری یخچالی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. بدین منظور، از دو غلظت اسانس آویشن (4/0 و 8/0 درصد حجمی/وزنی) و دو دوز پرتو (KGy 5/2 و 5/3) استفاده شد. آزمون‌های شیمیایی (pH، کل بازهای ازته فرار (TVB-N)، اسیدهای چرب آزاد، اندیس پراکسید، مواد فعال تیوباربیتوریک اسید و شاخص‌های رنگ‌سنجی)، میکروبیولوژیکی (شمارش باکتری‌های مزوفیل هوازی، باکتری‌های سرمادوست و اشریشیا کولای) و ارزیابی حسی، در روزهای (0، 5، 10 و 15) بر روی میگوهای تیمار شده و شاهد انجام گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد مقادیر pH، اسیدهای چرب آزاد، اندیس‌های پراکسید، TBARS و کل بازهای ازته فرار کلیه تیمارها، طی دوره نگه‌داری به‌طور معنی‌داری افزایش یافت (05/0>p). بار میکروبی نیز در همه تیمارها با گذشت زمان افزایش پیدا کرد. استفاده از ترکیب روغن آویشن، پرتو گاما و بسته‌بندی تحت خلأ، سبب به تأخیرانداختن رشد باکتریایی گردید. در ابتدا افزودن اسانس آویشن باعث کاهش شاخصL* شد، ولی در غلظت بالای اسانس، تغییرات رنگی به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت (05/0>p). ارزیابی حسی نشان داد استفاده از تیمارهای مختلف اثر معنی‌داری بر پارامترهای حسی (رنگ، بو) میگو داشت (05/0>p). در نهایت، میگوی تیمار شده با بسته‌بندی تحت خلأء، 8/0 درصد اسانس و KGy 5/2 پرتو، به‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌عنوان تیمار برتر معرفی گردید. تفاصيل المقالة
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  14 - تأثیر اکسید کلسیم و پرتودهی بر جمعیت آسپرژیلوس فلاووس و میزان آفلاتوکسین‌‌های تولید شده در دانه‌های ذرت
  اسماعیل بایگانه ابوالفضل فدوی هادی کوهساری
  10.30495/jfh.2020.671221
  < p>کپک آسپرژیلوس فلاووس یکی از قارچ‌های مهم خطرناک است که در زمان انبارمانی در شرایط نامناسب پدیدار می‌شود. این کپک سموم آفلاتوکسین‌ها را در دانه‌های ذرت تولید می‌کند. لذا بررسی امکان کاهش غلظت این کپک و سموم تولیدی آن مهم به نظر می‌رسد. در این تحقیق تأثیر اکسید أکثر

  < p>کپک آسپرژیلوس فلاووس یکی از قارچ‌های مهم خطرناک است که در زمان انبارمانی در شرایط نامناسب پدیدار می‌شود. این کپک سموم آفلاتوکسین‌ها را در دانه‌های ذرت تولید می‌کند. لذا بررسی امکان کاهش غلظت این کپک و سموم تولیدی آن مهم به نظر می‌رسد. در این تحقیق تأثیر اکسید کلسیم (0، 5/0 و 1 درصد) و میزان پرتو‌گاما (0، 5، 10، 15 و 20 کیلوگری) بر رشد کپک آسپرژیلوس فلاووس و میزان سموم آفلاتوکسین B1 (AFB1)، آفلاتوکسین B2 AFB2))، آفلاتوکسین G1 ((AFG1 و آفلاتوکسین G2 ((AFG2 بررسی گردید. آنالیز تجزیه واریانس داده‌ها حاکی از معنی‌داری اثر مجزای پرتودهی و اکسید کلسیم و اثر متقابل آن‌ها بود. (0001/0p < /p> تفاصيل المقالة
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  15 - بررسی اثر پرتودهی گاما بر روی لاشه‌های گاوی آلوده به سیستی‌سرکوس بوویس
  زهره مشاک حمیدرضا سوداگری علی خنجری غلامرضا شاه‌حسینی افشین متقی‌فر محسن داوودآبادی فراهانی
  تنیازیس یکی از بیماری‌های مهم انگلی مشترک بین انسان و دام می‌باشد که در نتیجه مصرف گوشت خام یا نیم‌پز گاوی آلوده به سیستی‌سرکوس بویس (Cysticercus bovis) در انسان ایجاد می‌شود. پرتودهی به‌عنوانی روشی ایمن می‌تواند جهت از بین بردن انگل‌ها در سالم‌سازی مواد غذایی و به‌عنوا أکثر

  تنیازیس یکی از بیماری‌های مهم انگلی مشترک بین انسان و دام می‌باشد که در نتیجه مصرف گوشت خام یا نیم‌پز گاوی آلوده به سیستی‌سرکوس بویس (Cysticercus bovis) در انسان ایجاد می‌شود. پرتودهی به‌عنوانی روشی ایمن می‌تواند جهت از بین بردن انگل‌ها در سالم‌سازی مواد غذایی و به‌عنوان یک روش کنترلی در پیشگیری از وقوع اپیدمی‌ این بیماری انگلی غذازاد مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. لذا در این مطالعه ابتدا قسمت‌های مختلف لاشه‌های گاوی (سه سر بازو،قلب و جوشی) حاوی کیست زنده در دو کشتارگاه استان البرز جهت پرتودهی با دوزهای مختلف اشعه گاما (5/0، 6/0، 7/0، 8/0، 9/0، 1، 5/1 کیلوگری) انتخاب و پس از پرتوتابی نمونه‌ها به‌مدت 30 الی 120 دقیقه، زنده و یا مرده بودن لاروها با رنگ‌آمیزی ائوزین‌متیلن‌بلو و توسط مشاهده میکروسکوپی مشخص گردید. آنالیز آماری با نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه 22 و با استفاده از برنامه Trend Chi-square صورت گرفت. نتایج حاکی از آن بود که دوزهای 8/0، 9/0، 1و 5/1 کیلوگری به‌ترتیب با 72، 6/82، 9/90 و 6/91 درصد در مقایسه با سایر دوزها، به‌طور معنی‌داری قادر به از بین بردن کیست‌ها شد. به‌دلیل عدم اختلاف آماری معنی‌داری بین دو دوز 1و 5/‌1 کیلوگری جهت از بین بردن کیست‌ها، از دوز کمتر یعنی 1 کیلوگری به‌عنوان دوز مناسب پرتودهی در گوشت‌های آلوده توصیه می‌گردد. تفاصيل المقالة
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  16 - Application of near-infrared responsive nano-carrier for controlled drug delivery: synthesis, isotherm and kinetic studies
  Mohammadreza Mahdavijalal Homayon Ahmad Panahi Ali Niazi Atefeh Tamaddon Elham Moniri
  10.30495/ijbbo.2021.689781
  Due to the importance of selecting an appropriate strategy in drug delivery systems, numerous studies have been performed to support this process. However, there are still major obstacles associated with the targeted drug delivery to cancer tissues. Hence, the main focu أکثر

  Due to the importance of selecting an appropriate strategy in drug delivery systems, numerous studies have been performed to support this process. However, there are still major obstacles associated with the targeted drug delivery to cancer tissues. Hence, the main focus of this study is to develop the current cancer therapies by using drug delivery systems. To achieve this goal, we have synthesized a near-infrared light responsive drug carrier based on WS2 nano-sheets, which can be a good candidate for applications such as drug delivery vehicle and chemo-photothermal treatments. In this study, a rapid and economy synthesis method was employed to modify the nano-sheets of WS2 for targeted drug delivery of bicalutamide as a prostate anti-cancer drug. The investigation of adsorption isotherm was fitted well by Langmuir model (qmax = 15.87 mg g-1). The evaluation of adsorption kinetic was better expressed by pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2=0.9998). In-vitro drug release study was performed more rapid and complete in simulated blood fluid (pH=7.4) at 50°C than 37°C. Besides, the activity of the produced nano-carrier was examined under near-infrared light irradiation (at 808 nm). The drug release data were investigated through Zero-order, First-order, Higuchi, Hixson-Crowell and Korsmeyer–Peppas mathematical models. تفاصيل المقالة
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  17 - کاربرد توأمان پرتودهی اشعه گاما و روش انجماد جهت افزایش زمان ماندگاری گوشت مرغ
  غلامرضا شاه حسینی مجید جوانمرد نوردهر رکنی
  پرتودهی یکی از موثرترین فناوری ها برای کاهش بار میکروبی مواد غذایی است. از این روش می‌توان در بهبود سلامت فراورده های غذایی و افزایش مدت زمان ماندگاری آنها کمک گرفت. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر پرتودهی اشعه گاما و نگهداری در شرایط انجماد به عنوان یک روش ترکیبی برای بهبو أکثر

  پرتودهی یکی از موثرترین فناوری ها برای کاهش بار میکروبی مواد غذایی است. از این روش می‌توان در بهبود سلامت فراورده های غذایی و افزایش مدت زمان ماندگاری آنها کمک گرفت. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر پرتودهی اشعه گاما و نگهداری در شرایط انجماد به عنوان یک روش ترکیبی برای بهبود مدت زمان ماندگاری گوشت مرغ می‌باشد. نمونه‌های مرغ به چهار تیمار شامل پرتو ندیده (شاهد) و پرتو دیده با دوز 75/0، سه و پنج کیلوگری و نگهداری در شرایط انجماد برای صفر، سه، شش و نه ماه بود. نمونه‌ها در دمای 18- درجه سانتی‌گراد نگهداری شده و سپس آنالیزهای میکروبی و شیمیایی و کیفیت حسی آنها در هر سه ماه انجام گرفت. آنالیز میکروبی نشان داد پرتودهی و نگهداری در انجماد باعث کاهش باکتری های مزوفیل، کلیفرم، سالمونلا و اشریشیا کولی شد (05/0>P). بر اساس نتایج بدست امده، نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان داد که در پارامترهای کیفیت حسی و آنالیز شیمیایی مثل ازت تام فرار تفاوت معناداری (05/0P>) در گروه های تحت تیمار و کنترل وجود ندارد اما افزایش معناداری (05/0>P) در میزان شاخص پراکسید مشاهده شد. نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان می دهد که استفاده توام از پرتودهی و انجماد باعث کاهش بار باکتریایی و افزایش زمان ماندگاری گوشت مرغ می شود اگرچه در کیفیت حسی و آنالیز های بیوشیمایی تغییری ایجاد نکرده است. تفاصيل المقالة
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  18 - ارزیابی آلودگی برخی از ادویه‌های پرمصرف ایران و کاهش بار میکروبی به روش پرتودهی با اشعه‌ ماورای بنفش
  بهروز اکبری فائزه شیرخان معصومه سام «نژاد
  10.30495/jfm.2021.683210
  امکان آلودگی میکروبی ادویه‌ در طی مراحل مختلف برداشت، خشک‌کردن یا حمل‌ نقل وجود دارد. روش‌های مختلفی جهت کاهش بار میکروبی ادویه ‌استفاده می‌شود که مشکلاتی مانند تغییر عطر و طعم به همراه دارد. هدف از این تحقیق دستیابی به شرایط بهینه پرتودهی ماورای بنفش ‌به منظور کاهش ‌با أکثر

  امکان آلودگی میکروبی ادویه‌ در طی مراحل مختلف برداشت، خشک‌کردن یا حمل‌ نقل وجود دارد. روش‌های مختلفی جهت کاهش بار میکروبی ادویه ‌استفاده می‌شود که مشکلاتی مانند تغییر عطر و طعم به همراه دارد. هدف از این تحقیق دستیابی به شرایط بهینه پرتودهی ماورای بنفش ‌به منظور کاهش ‌بار میکروبی برخی از ‌ادویه‌‌های پرمصرف ایران بود. بدین منظور، شش نوع ادویه‌ شامل زردچوبه، زنجبیل، فلفل‌قرمز، فلفل‌سیاه، دارچین و سماق از بازار تهران نمونه‌برداری شدند. آزمایه‌ها با روش‌های موجود در استاندارد ملی ایران مورد آزمون میکروبی قرار گرفتند. سپس ادویه آلوده در کابینت ماورای بنفش با طول موج 254 نانومتر در ضخامت‌های 1، 5 و10 میلی‌متر و زمان‌های 5، 10و 15 دقیقه پرتودهی شدند. روی نمونه‌های پرتودهی شده آزمون میکروبی انجام شد. طبق نتایج حاصله، تاثیر متغیر زمان بر شمارش جمعیت مزوفیل‌های هوازی زردچوبه، فلفل‌قرمز، فلفل‌سیاه و دارچین، همچنین بر شمارش کلی‌فرم زردچوبه و فلفل‌قرمز و نیز بر شمارش کپک زردچوبه، فلفل‌قرمز و فلفل‌سیاه و زنجبیل معنی دار بود (0/01>p). همچنین متغیر ضخامت نمونه تأثیر کاملاً معنی‌داری بر شمارش جمعیت مزوفیل‌های هوازی زردچوبه، زنجبیل و فلفل‌سیاه، بر شمارش کلی‌فرم زردچوبه، زنجبیل، فلفل‌قرمز، دارچین، بر شمارش کپک زردچوبه، زنجبیل، فلفل‌سیاه، فلفل‌قرمز و تأثیر معنی‌دار بر شمارش کلی میکروبی فلفل‌قرمز و کپک دارچین داشت(0/01>p). نتایج این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد که پرتودهی با اشعه‌ ماورای بنفش در شرایط بهینه شده می‌تواند بار آلودگی ادویه را تا حد قابل قبول کاهش دهد. تفاصيل المقالة
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  19 - Isolation of borneol and bornyl acetate from Ferulago macrocarpa by microwave irradiation
  ژیلا اصغری محمد صالحی محسن مظاهری تهرانی
  Background & Aim: A simple and rapid microwave- assisted extraction (MAE) procedure was developed and optimized for the isolation of borneol and bornyl acetate from Ferulago macrocarpa. Ferulago macrocarpa (Apiaceae) is an endemic plant in Iran. Experimental: Dried أکثر

  Background & Aim: A simple and rapid microwave- assisted extraction (MAE) procedure was developed and optimized for the isolation of borneol and bornyl acetate from Ferulago macrocarpa. Ferulago macrocarpa (Apiaceae) is an endemic plant in Iran. Experimental: Dried powdered aerial parts of plants were soaked in water and irradiated with microwave in a Clevenger extraction approach under optimum conditions (520 W and 0.5 h). Results & Discussion: Compared to traditional heating methods by Clevenger, the present method is more efficiency and proceeds in a short time. The isolation rates of borneol and bornyl acetate increased by about 2 and 1.3, respectively, as compared to the conventional thermal methods. Low cost, easy extraction, high purity of the extracted products and high efficiency are the advantages of this method. Furthermore, solvent free extraction of the essential oils is a good method for the development of green chemistry. Recommended applications/industries: The essential oil of this plant obtained by MAHD and HD methods, contained bornyl acetate as the most abundant component. The extracted essential oil by MAHD was qualitatively similar to that obtained by HD however; it was achieved in a much short time. Therefore pilot microwave reactor might be proven suitable for large scale extraction with potential industrial applications. تفاصيل المقالة
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  20 - Citric acid as an efficient and green catalyst for the synthesis of hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane (HBIW)
  Sahar Shokrollahi Ali Ramazani Seyed Jamal Tabatabaei Rezaei Asemeh Mashhadi Malekzadeh Pegah Azimzadeh Asiabi Sang Woo Joo
  The condensation of benzylamine with glyoxal leads to Hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane (HBIW) in acetonitrile solvent with citric acid as a green catalyst under both conventional stirring and ultrasonic irradiation conditions. The influence of four variables, including th أکثر

  The condensation of benzylamine with glyoxal leads to Hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane (HBIW) in acetonitrile solvent with citric acid as a green catalyst under both conventional stirring and ultrasonic irradiation conditions. The influence of four variables, including the amount of catalyst, solvent, reaction time and ultrasonic power, on the reaction yield was investigated. The results showed that the optimum parameters for synthesis of HBIW were 5% mol with respect to glyoxal for catalyst, acetonitrile-water as solvent, 5 minutes as reaction time and 150 W for ultrasonic power. In general, improvement in rates and yields were observed when the reactions were carried out under sonication in comparison with classic conditions. تفاصيل المقالة
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  21 - A novel and eco-friendly o-phenylendiamine stabilized on silica-coated magnetic nanocatalyst for the synthesis of indenoquinoline derivatives under ultrasonic-assisted solvent-free conditions
  Ali Maleki Reza Ghalavand Razieh Firouzi-Haji
  In this study, a novel and environmentally benign o-phenylendiamine stabilized on silica-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanocatalyst (Fe3O4@SiO2@propyltriethoxysilane@o-phenylendiamine-SO3H/HCl) as a hybrid magnetic organometallic nanocatalyst has been synthesized. After that, t أکثر

  In this study, a novel and environmentally benign o-phenylendiamine stabilized on silica-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanocatalyst (Fe3O4@SiO2@propyltriethoxysilane@o-phenylendiamine-SO3H/HCl) as a hybrid magnetic organometallic nanocatalyst has been synthesized. After that, the structure of this new catalyst was completely characterized via Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), atomic force microscopy (AFM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analyses. The SEM image of the synthesized nanocatalyst showed that it has a nearly core-shell spherical shape and uniform size distribution with an average size about 40 nm. The BET result revealed that it has 34.88 m²/g specific surface areas. Finally, its catalytic activity was investigated for the selective synthesis of 7-aryl-8H-benzo[h]indeno[1,2-b]quinoline-8-one derivatives in high-to-excellent isolated yields under solvent-free conditions and ultrasound irradiation at room temperature. This nanocatalyst can be easily recovered from the reaction mixture using an external magnet and reused for at least eight times without significant decrease in catalytic activity. تفاصيل المقالة
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  22 - Synthesis of bis-thiazolidinones catalyzed by nano-NiZr4(PO4)6 under microwave irradiation
  Javad Safaei-Ghomi Hossein Shahbazi-Alavi Seyed Hadi Nazemzadeh
  A rapid and efficient method for the synthesis of bis-thiazolidinones has been achieved by pseudo five-component reaction of aldehydes, ethylenediamine and thioglycolic acid in the presence of nano-NiZr4(PO4)6 as catalyst under microwave irradiation. Nano-NiZr4(PO4)6 ha أکثر

  A rapid and efficient method for the synthesis of bis-thiazolidinones has been achieved by pseudo five-component reaction of aldehydes, ethylenediamine and thioglycolic acid in the presence of nano-NiZr4(PO4)6 as catalyst under microwave irradiation. Nano-NiZr4(PO4)6 has been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and FT-IR spectroscopy. In this research, microwave irradiation is used as a green and complementary technique for preparation of bis-thiazolidinones. Use of simple and readily available starting materials, excellent yields, short reaction times, reusability of the catalyst, low amount of catalyst and using of microwave as clean method are some advantages of this protocol. تفاصيل المقالة
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  23 - PbWO4 nanoparticles: A robust and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of benzopyranopyridines under ultrasonic irradiation
  Hossein Shahbazi-Alavi Javad Safaei-Ghomi Ruhollah Talebi
  An efficient four-component synthesis of benzopyranopyridines is described by one-pot condensation of salicylaldehydes, thiols and 2 equiv of malononitrile with nano-PbWO4 as a robust and reusableheterogeneous catalyst under ultrasonic irradiation. Lead tungstate (PbWO4 أکثر

  An efficient four-component synthesis of benzopyranopyridines is described by one-pot condensation of salicylaldehydes, thiols and 2 equiv of malononitrile with nano-PbWO4 as a robust and reusableheterogeneous catalyst under ultrasonic irradiation. Lead tungstate (PbWO4) nanostructures have been synthesized via a sonochemical method based on the reaction between lead (II) nitrate and sodium tungstate dihydrate in an aqueous solution. Some advantages of this protocol include use of simple and readily available starting materials, rapid assembly of medicinally privileged heterocyclic molecules, reusability of the catalyst, low amount of the catalyst and application of the sonochemical methodology as an efficient technique and innocuous means of activation in synthetic chemistry. تفاصيل المقالة
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  24 - Highly efficient synthesis of carboacyclic nucleosides catalyzed by zinc oxide in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (ZnO/[bmim]Br)
  Tarlan Salehi-Hamzehkhani Marzieh Hatami Abdolkarim Zare Ahmad Reza Moosavi-Zare Abolfath Parhami Zahra Khedri Hamideh Kabgani Mohammad Beikagha Raheleh Salamipoor
  Michael addition of pyrimidine and purine nucleobases to substituted as well as unsubstituted α,β-unsaturated esters efficiently proceeds in the presence of catalytic amount of zinc oxide in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (ZnO/[bmim]Br) unde أکثر

  Michael addition of pyrimidine and purine nucleobases to substituted as well as unsubstituted α,β-unsaturated esters efficiently proceeds in the presence of catalytic amount of zinc oxide in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (ZnO/[bmim]Br) under microwave irradiation to afford carboacyclic nucleosides, as biologically important compounds, in good to excellent yields and in short reaction times. تفاصيل المقالة
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  25 - Synthesis of functionalized aryl-alkenes catalyzed by CN-ortho-palladated complex of 2,3-dimethoxybenzaldehyde oxime under microwave irradiation
  Fatemeh Rafiee Abdol Reza Hajipour
  A new dimeric orthopalladated complex was synthesized via reaction of 2,3-dimethoxy benzaldehyde oxime with palladium chloride and lithium chloride in methanol as solvent and sodium acetate as base at room temperature. The catalytic activity of this dimeric [Pd{C6H2(-CH أکثر

  A new dimeric orthopalladated complex was synthesized via reaction of 2,3-dimethoxy benzaldehyde oxime with palladium chloride and lithium chloride in methanol as solvent and sodium acetate as base at room temperature. The catalytic activity of this dimeric [Pd{C6H2(-CH=NOH)-(OMe)2-2,3}(µ-Cl)]2 complex as an efficient, air, and moisture tolerant catalyst was investigated in Mizoroki–Heck cross coupling reaction of various aryl halides and also arenesulfonyl chloridesas the electrophilic partners with different coupling partner alkenes such as methylacrylate, methylmetacrylate and styrene . The combination of homogenous metal catalyst, microwave irradiation, and microwave-active polar solvents gave high yields of functionalized aryl-alkene products in short reaction times. تفاصيل المقالة
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  26 - Ammonium chloride catalyzed microwave-assisted synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans
  Vijay Pagore Sunil Tekale Vivekanand Jadhav Rajendra Pawar
  In the present work, we have developed a mild, efficient, and environmentally benign method for the synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives via a three-component cyclocondensation of aldehydes, malononitrile and dimedone utilizing ammonium chloride as a simple, أکثر

  In the present work, we have developed a mild, efficient, and environmentally benign method for the synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives via a three-component cyclocondensation of aldehydes, malononitrile and dimedone utilizing ammonium chloride as a simple, easily available and cost effective catalyst under microwave irradiation. This method has several attracting features such as simple experimental set up, easy work-up procedure, high conversions and short reaction times affording the products in moderate to excellent yield. تفاصيل المقالة
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  27 - Graphene–ZnO@SiO2 hybrid: An efficient and solid acid catalyst for synthesis of azlactones under ultrasound irradiation
  Sodeh Sadjadi
  The central theme of this article is how to explore a novel route to fabricate graphene– ZnO@SiO2 hybrid by a covalent process. The synthesis procedure consists of three-steps: (1) synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles, (2) ZnO nanoparticles modification by tetraethyl or أکثر

  The central theme of this article is how to explore a novel route to fabricate graphene– ZnO@SiO2 hybrid by a covalent process. The synthesis procedure consists of three-steps: (1) synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles, (2) ZnO nanoparticles modification by tetraethyl orthosilicate and (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane after introduction of amino groups on its surface, (3) the covalent attachment of ZnO@SiO2 onto the graphene surface by the amidation reaction between amino group of ZnO@SiO2 and carboxylic group of graphene. This hybrid was then used as a catalyst for the synthesis of azlactones obtained by Erlenmeyer synthesis from aromatic aldehydes and hippuric acid under the ultrasonic irradiation. The protocol offers advantages in terms of higher yields, short reaction times, mild reaction conditions, and reusability of the catalyst. تفاصيل المقالة
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  28 - Acacia concinna pod catalyzed synthesis of 2-arylbenzothia/(oxa)zole derivatives
  Rahul Bhat Shrikrishna Karhale Satyanarayan Arde Vasant Helavi
  The expeditious synthesis of 2-aryl-benzothia/(oxa)zoles was carried out by the condensation of 2-aminothiophenol/2-aminophenol and diverse aryl aldehydes in presence of Acacia concinna as a biocatalyst under microwave irradiation. The catalytic process is associated wi أکثر

  The expeditious synthesis of 2-aryl-benzothia/(oxa)zoles was carried out by the condensation of 2-aminothiophenol/2-aminophenol and diverse aryl aldehydes in presence of Acacia concinna as a biocatalyst under microwave irradiation. The catalytic process is associated with excellent yields, greener reaction conditions and the environmentally friendly microwave technique which are the striking features of the present protocol. تفاصيل المقالة
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  29 - One-pot sonochemical synthesis of benzopyranophenazines using nano Fe3O4@ PAA-SO3H
  Javad Safaei-Ghomi Maryam Tavazo Hossein Shahbazi-Alavi
  A proper, atom-economical, straightforward one-pot multicomponent synthetic route for the synthesis of benzopyranophenazines has been presented by the reaction of hydroxynaphthoquinone, o-phenylenediamine, benzaldehydes, and malononitrile with crosslinked sulfonated pol أکثر

  A proper, atom-economical, straightforward one-pot multicomponent synthetic route for the synthesis of benzopyranophenazines has been presented by the reaction of hydroxynaphthoquinone, o-phenylenediamine, benzaldehydes, and malononitrile with crosslinked sulfonated polyacrylamide (Cross-PAA-SO3H) attached to nano-Fe3O4as an efficient heterogeneous solid acid catalyst under ultrasonic irradiations in ethanol. Experimental simplicity, wide range of products, excellent yields in short reaction times and applying the sonochemical methodology as an efficient method and innocuous means of activation in synthetic chemistry for the preparation of medicinally privileged heterocyclic molecules are some of the important features of this method. The present catalytic procedure is extensible to a wide diversity of substrates for the synthesis of a variety-oriented library of benzopyranophenazines. تفاصيل المقالة
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  30 - One-pot three-component synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans in the presence of Ni0.5Cu0.5Fe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles under microwave irradiation in solvent-free conditions
  Hamideh Ahankar Saeid Taghavi Fardood Ali Ramazani
  Ni0.5Cu0.5Fe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles using Arabic gel (AG) as a reducing and stabilizing agent was prepared by the sol-method. The catalyst identification was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning el أکثر

  Ni0.5Cu0.5Fe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles using Arabic gel (AG) as a reducing and stabilizing agent was prepared by the sol-method. The catalyst identification was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The magnetic analysis showed that the Ni0.5Cu0.5Fe2O4 had a ferromagnetic behavior with a saturation magnetization of 31.22 emu/g at room temperature. Then, Ni0.5Cu0.5Fe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles were applied as a green, convenient, effective and reusable catalyst for the one-pot three-component synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans in good to excellent yields. It should be noted, the nanocatalyst is separated by a magnet was used several times and it was as efficient as ever. تفاصيل المقالة
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  31 - Enhancing the Photocatalytic Performance of TiO2 Nanoflower Thin Films under Ultraviolet Irradiation
  Marwah Kadhim Mazin Mahdi Jalal Hassan
  10.30495/ijc.2023.1988200.2011
  Chemical bath deposition (CBD) was used to prepare titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocrystalline thin films on glass substrates. The TiO2 nanocrystalline thin films were created, and the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images showed that they developed as nanoflowers and t أکثر

  Chemical bath deposition (CBD) was used to prepare titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocrystalline thin films on glass substrates. The TiO2 nanocrystalline thin films were created, and the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images showed that they developed as nanoflowers and tiny semi-nanoplate bundles that grew vertically onto the surface of the substrates with uniform distribution. The nanoplate ranges in length from 26 to 149 nm and the average thickness was between 13 and 228 nm. The prepared TiO2 nanoflower thin films have an energy band gap of 3.26 eV, according to optical characteristics. Using various pH values and UV light exposure durations, the photocatalytic activity of the produced TiO2 nanoflower thin films was examined against the methylene blue (MB) dye at room temperature. When irradiation duration and pH were increased, the photodegradation rate of MB dye also increased. After 240 minutes of exposure, the photodegradation rate of MB dye with pH values of 6, 8, 9, 10, and 11 was 51%, 64%, 79%, and 82%, respectively. The kinetic rate constant for photocatalytic degradation of MB dye was determined to be 0.0069, 0.0061, 0.0038, and 0.0028 min-1 for pH values of 11, 9, 8, and 6, respectively. تفاصيل المقالة
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  32 - Microwave-assisted one-pot synthesis of 1-amidoalkyl 2-naphthols and dibenzo [a,j] xanthenes using phosphorus pentoxide on solid supports
  Amin Zarei
  A convenient, efficient and practical procedure for the synthesis of 1-amidoalkyl 2-naphthols is described by condensation of aromatic aldehydes with amides and 2-naphthol in the presence of P2O5/SiO2 as an efficient catalyst. Moreover, in the present of this catalyst, أکثر

  A convenient, efficient and practical procedure for the synthesis of 1-amidoalkyl 2-naphthols is described by condensation of aromatic aldehydes with amides and 2-naphthol in the presence of P2O5/SiO2 as an efficient catalyst. Moreover, in the present of this catalyst, the synthesis of 14-aryl or alkyl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes is studied by condensation of aldehydes with 2-naphthol. Using solvent-free conditions, non-toxic and inexpensive materials, simple and clean work-up, short reaction times and high yields of the products are the advantages of this method. تفاصيل المقالة
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  33 - Improving methodology for the preparation of highly substituted imidazoles using nano-MgAl2O4 as catalyst under microwave irradiation
  Javad Safari Soheila Gandomi-Ravandi Zahra Akbari
  An efficient synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles by one-step condensation of an aldehyde, benzil, ammonium acetate and primary amine in the presence of nanocrystalline magnesium aluminate under microwave irradiation is described. Th أکثر

  An efficient synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles by one-step condensation of an aldehyde, benzil, ammonium acetate and primary amine in the presence of nanocrystalline magnesium aluminate under microwave irradiation is described. The advantages of this catalyst are including simple work-up, low cost and reusability. Compared with conventional methods, the main advantages of the present procedure are its being a green method, its milder conditions, necessary shorter reaction time, and its higher yields and its selectivity. The structures of products were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, elemental analyses, MS and UV spectral data. Their melting points were compared with literature report. تفاصيل المقالة
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  34 - Application of dimeric ortho-palladated complex of 2-methoxyphenethylamine in the Heck coupling reaction
  Abdol Hajipour Fatemeh Abrishami
  The application of the [Pd{C6H3(CH2CH2NH2)-4-OMe-5-κ2-C,N}(μ-Br)]2 complex of 2-methoxyphenethylamine in the Heck coupling reaction was considered under both conventional and microwave irradiation conditions, and their results were compared. This complex is an أکثر

  The application of the [Pd{C6H3(CH2CH2NH2)-4-OMe-5-κ2-C,N}(μ-Br)]2 complex of 2-methoxyphenethylamine in the Heck coupling reaction was considered under both conventional and microwave irradiation conditions, and their results were compared. This complex is an efficient, stable and non-sensitive to air and moisture catalyst for the vinylation of substituted aryl halides with different electronic properties. The cross-coupled products were produced in good to excellent yields using a catalytic amount of this complex in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) at 130 °C. In comparison to conventional heating conditions, the reactions under microwave irradiation gave higher yields in shorter reaction times. تفاصيل المقالة
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  35 - Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a highly efficient catalyst for the synthesis of imidazoles under ultrasound irradiation
  Javad Safari Zohre Zarnegar
  To be fairly general and catalyst is easily separated by magnetic devices and can be reused without any apparent loss of activity for the reaction. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by chemical coprecipitation method and was found to be a mild and effective catalyst for أکثر

  To be fairly general and catalyst is easily separated by magnetic devices and can be reused without any apparent loss of activity for the reaction. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by chemical coprecipitation method and was found to be a mild and effective catalyst for the efficient, one-pot, three-component synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles at room temperature under ultrasound irradiation. The high yields of products and short reaction time were attributed to the nanosize of about 20 nm in which the catalyst could act as a nanoreactor. This methodology is found. تفاصيل المقالة
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  36 - Ruminal Degradation Kinetics of Wheat Straw Irradiated by High Doses of Electron Beam
  P. Shawrang A.A. Sadeghi J. Ahmadpanah
  This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of electron beam irradiation at doses of 250 and 500 kGy on the chemical composition and ruminal dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradability of wheat straw. Nylon bags of untreated or irradiated wheat s أکثر

  This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of electron beam irradiation at doses of 250 and 500 kGy on the chemical composition and ruminal dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradability of wheat straw. Nylon bags of untreated or irradiated wheat straw were suspended in the rumen of three rams for up to 72 h, and resulting data were fitted to non-linear degradation model to calculate the degradation parameters of DM and NDF. Electron beam irradiation had no effect on crude protein, ether extract and ash, but decreased (P<0.05) contents of NDF and acid detergent fiber. The water soluble and potentially degradable fractions, degradation rate and effective degradability of DM and NDFincreased linearly (P<0.001) with increases in irradiation dose. Based upon these results, electron beam irradiation can be used to improve DM and NDF degradation kinetics of wheat straw in the rumen. تفاصيل المقالة
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  37 - <i>In vitro</i> Gas Production and Dry Matter Digestibility of Irradiated Pomegranate (<i>Punica granatum</i>) Seeds
  م. زارعی ف. خلیلی پ. شورنگ
  The objective of this study was to determine the effect of irradiation of pomegranate seed (PS) on chemical composition, digestibility and kinetic of gas production. Pomegranate seeds were exposed to gamma ray (GR) and electron beam (EB) at doses of 5, 10, 15 and 20 kGy أکثر

  The objective of this study was to determine the effect of irradiation of pomegranate seed (PS) on chemical composition, digestibility and kinetic of gas production. Pomegranate seeds were exposed to gamma ray (GR) and electron beam (EB) at doses of 5, 10, 15 and 20 kGy. Three ruminally fistulated rams were used for obtaining ruminal fluid for in vitro digestibility and gas production measurements. Irradiation had no effect on chemical composition of PS. Orthogonal contrast did not show any significant effect for EB irradiation on neutral detergent fiber % (NDF%), but GR irradiation of PS at low doses (i.e.; 5 and 15 kGy) increased NDF percentage (P&lt;0.05). Irradiation decreased condensed tannin (CT) content of PS at all doses (P&lt;0.01). Gas production potential (b) and gas production rate (c) of PS were decreased; but EB irradiation at doses of 5 and 20 kGy did not effect on gas production potential of PS. Irradiation treatment did not affect partitioning factor. Ionizing radiation decreased PS digestibility, but EB irradiation at a dose of 20 kGy and 5, 15 and 20 kGy did not change in vitro dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility. In conclusion, the result of this study suggests that ionizing radiation processing, especially EB irradiation, can be regarded as an efficient method in decreasing CT of pomegranate seeds. تفاصيل المقالة
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  38 - Dry Matter Intake, Milk Yield and Milk Fatty Acid Composition of Dairy Cows Fed Raw or Microwave Irradiated Safflower Seed as a Substitution to Cottonseed
  ح. پایا ا. تقی زاده
  The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of using raw or microwave irradiated safflower seed on dry matter intake, milk production and composition, milk fatty acid profile, blood parameters, and nutrient apparent digestibility in early lactation cows. Nin أکثر

  The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of using raw or microwave irradiated safflower seed on dry matter intake, milk production and composition, milk fatty acid profile, blood parameters, and nutrient apparent digestibility in early lactation cows. Nine multiparous Holstein cows at early lactation were randomly assigned to one of three treatments based on 3 &times; 3 balanced latin square design. Dietary treatments included whole linted cottonseed (control), 40 g/kg DM raw safflower seed (RSS), and 40 g/kg DM microwave irradiated safflower seed (MSS). Results showed no significant effect of dietary treatments on milk production, milk fat, protein, and lactose content, and dry matter intake. Feeding RSS and MSS diets increased milk long chain fatty acids, C18:1 trans, C18:2, and polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations, while milk C16 fatty acid (p &lt;0.05) decreased. The cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration tended to be higher in cows fed MSS diet. It was concluded that there are no negative impacts of raw and microwave irradiated safflower seed supplementation on lactation performance, while milk quality was meliorated by increasing unsaturated fatty acid concentrations. تفاصيل المقالة
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  39 - The Effects of X-Ray Irradiation on Bovine Sperm Quality Indicators After Freezing and Thawing
  P. Shawrang F. Abbasi
  This study was conducted to determine the suitable dose of x-ray irradiation on bovine sperm quality indicators after freezing and thawing. Sperm samples in liquid nitrogen were x-ray irradiated at doses of zero, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 Gy. The results showed that irradi أکثر

  This study was conducted to determine the suitable dose of x-ray irradiation on bovine sperm quality indicators after freezing and thawing. Sperm samples in liquid nitrogen were x-ray irradiated at doses of zero, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 Gy. The results showed that irradiation influenced (P&lt;0.05) motility and viability of sperms. The semen malondialdehyde concentration had no significant differences among treatments. Based on the comet assay result, DNA strand breaks parameters had no significant differences with the control group, except at a dose of 1.2 Gy. Based on flow cytometry results, sperm percentage with high activity of mitochondrial membrane was increased and those with low activity decreased (P&lt;0.05). The HOST test showed that sperm percentage with plasma membrane integrity in irradiated samples at a dose of 0.3 Gy had no significant difference compared to the control group, but sperm percentage with intact plasma membrane was higher in the sample irradiated at doses of 0.6 and 0.9 Gy. Irradiation at a dose of 0.9 Gy increased sperm with the intact plasma membrane. Doses lower than 1.2 Gy did not affect acrosome integrity, but 1.2 Gy x-ray irradiation decreased sperm having intact acrosome (P&lt;0.05). Based on these results, x-ray irradiation at a dose of 0.9 Gy could increase the mitochondrial membrane activity and enhance the motility and viability of sperms after thawing without a negative effect on semen and sperm quality while x-ray irradiation at a dose of 1.2 or more Gy deteriorates semen quality. تفاصيل المقالة
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  40 - Effect of Gamma, Electron Beam and Infrared Radiation Treatment on the Nutritional Value and Anti-Nutritional Factors of Sorghum Grain
  M. Rousta A.A. Sadeghi P. Shawrang M. Aimn Afshar M. Chamani
  The present study describes the radiation-induced effects on nutritional quality and on anti-nutritional factors of sorghum grain: effects of electron beam (ER) and gamma irradiation (GR) at doses of 10, 20 and 30 kGy and infrared irradiation (IR) at 60, 90 and 120 s on أکثر

  The present study describes the radiation-induced effects on nutritional quality and on anti-nutritional factors of sorghum grain: effects of electron beam (ER) and gamma irradiation (GR) at doses of 10, 20 and 30 kGy and infrared irradiation (IR) at 60, 90 and 120 s on the chemical composition, mineral content and bioavailability, in vitro protein and starch digestibility, total phenolic compound, phytate and tannins contents of sorghum grain, were investigated. The results showed that chemical composition were unchanged (P&gt;0.05) by the irradiations. GR, ER and IR resulted inan increase in the digestibility of starch by 3.8, 5.4 and 6.8%, respectively.In vitro protein digestibility was reduced by 23% in IR, where as GR and ER increasedcrude protein digestibility of sorghum grain by 6.6 and 5%, respectively (P&gt;0.05). The levels of phytic acid and tannins were significantly reduced by irradiations while the total phenols were increased relative to unprocessed control samples. The results indicated no substantial change in mineral content and bioavailability amongst the sample, with exception of significant (P&gt;0.05) increase in extractable calcium, phosphorus, zinc and iron. تفاصيل المقالة
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  41 - Effects of Electron-Beam Irradiation of the Diet on Microbial Population, Intestinal Morphology, Ileal Digestibility and Performance of Broilers
  س. یخکشی ش. رحیمی پ. شورنگ
  A total of 300 one-day old male broilers (Cobb 500) were randomly divided into four treatment groups. The groups comprised of 15 birds each, and were defined by diet and the birds in each group were fed 0 (control), 3, 5, or 7 kGy electron-beam irradiated diets. A total أکثر

  A total of 300 one-day old male broilers (Cobb 500) were randomly divided into four treatment groups. The groups comprised of 15 birds each, and were defined by diet and the birds in each group were fed 0 (control), 3, 5, or 7 kGy electron-beam irradiated diets. A total of 5 replicates were performed. The chemical composition of the diet was not affected by irradiation.Irradiation doses of 5 and 7 kGy completely eliminated microbial load in diets (P&lt;0.05) and decreased the total aerobic and coliform counts in ileum and cecum at increasing rate at 14, 28 and 42 days of age (L: P&lt;0.001; Q: P&lt;0.0001). Total coliforms of the ileum decreased with the increased irradiation dose at 21 and 42 days of age (Q: P&lt;0.0001). Lactobacillus counts improved with increased EBI dose, except for lactobacillus in cecum at 42 days of age. There was a linear increase in villus height (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) with higher irradiation doses at 21 and 42 days of age. Additionally, a linear increase and a decrease in villus height:crypt depth were observed in the jejunum at 21 and 42 days of age, respectively (P&lt;0.05). The villus height:crypt depth of duodenum and jejunum followed a linear increasing rate (Q: P&lt;0.001) with the increased irradiation dose. Feed intake, mortality (all periods), body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were similar between treatments at 1-14 and 14-28 days of age. Body weight gain, however, increased at a rising rate (Q: P&lt;0.001), and feed conversion ratio decreased at a diminishing rate (Q: P&lt;0.01) with higher irradiation doses during 28-42 and 1-42 days of age. The ileal digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, ether extracts, gross energy, and apparent metabolizable energy increased with the irradiation dose (Q: P&lt;0.001). Our results indicated that electron-beam diet irradiation reduces microbial coliform counts and supports lactic acid producers in the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, the ileal digestibility of nutrients, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio improve with irradiation. تفاصيل المقالة
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  42 - Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Some Biochemical Parameters and Physico-chemical Properties of Oil in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] .
  Abbas ali Dehpour
  10.30495/ijpp.2017.532862
  The soybean (Glycine max l. merr) is one of oil seed plants from leguminous family. In this study, the effect of gamma radiation on chlorophyll, soluble and insoluble carbohydrate and composition oil seeds were investigated in soybean. Soybean variety J.K was irradiated أکثر

  The soybean (Glycine max l. merr) is one of oil seed plants from leguminous family. In this study, the effect of gamma radiation on chlorophyll, soluble and insoluble carbohydrate and composition oil seeds were investigated in soybean. Soybean variety J.K was irradiated with 0,100,200 and 300 gamma ray. The treatment and control seeds planed in with four replicates. The highest amount of total chlorophyll content was obtained in control plants. The highest amount of soluble carbohydrate was obtained in 200 gamma ray treatments. The contents of carbohydrates in the leaves tend to increase with increasing gamma ray doses. The elevated levels of the total soluble and insoluble carbohydrates in leaf are considered to be playing an important role in the osmotic adjustment. The results showed that the highest amount of total protein content was obtained in control plants. The contents of protein in the leaves tended to decrease with increasing gamma ray doses. The oil soybean seeds were extracted and analyzed for their chemical and physical properties such as acid value, percentage free fatty acids (% FFA), iodine value, and refractive index. تفاصيل المقالة
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  43 - Green procedure for synthesis of 3, 4 dihydropyrimidinones using 12-molybdophosphoric acid, as a catalyst and solvent free condition under microwave irradiation
  Hojjatollah Salehi
  Simple and improved conditions have been found to carry out the Biginelli reaction for the synthesis of 3, 4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H) - one derivatives. This synthesis was performed in the presence of 12-molybdophosphoric acid (H3PMo12O40) as catalyst. These reactions wer أکثر

  Simple and improved conditions have been found to carry out the Biginelli reaction for the synthesis of 3, 4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H) - one derivatives. This synthesis was performed in the presence of 12-molybdophosphoric acid (H3PMo12O40) as catalyst. These reactions were performed under solvent free conditions with microwave irradiation as the energy source. Compared with the classical Biginelli reaction conditions, this new method has the advantage of excellent yields (76&ndash;96%). The advantages of this novel protocol include the excellent yield, operational simplicity, short time, and the avoidance of the use of organic solvents and friendly preparation. Products were identified using physical and spectroscopic data. تفاصيل المقالة
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  44 - Microwave assisted oxidation coupling of thiols to symmetrical disulfides with tripropylammonium fluorochromate (VI) (TPAFC)
  Mohammad Kazem Mohammadi Neda Hasanzadeh Shahriare Ghammamy
  Tripropylammonium fluorochromate(VI) (TPAFC), is an efficient and new reagent, which isprepared easily and oxidizes thiols to the corresponding disulfides, quickly. The reactions areperformed cleanly and are controlled to stop at the disulfide stage, without over-oxidat أکثر

  Tripropylammonium fluorochromate(VI) (TPAFC), is an efficient and new reagent, which isprepared easily and oxidizes thiols to the corresponding disulfides, quickly. The reactions areperformed cleanly and are controlled to stop at the disulfide stage, without over-oxidation andside products. Coupling of thiols to their corresponding disulfides, are studied in solution atroom temperature and in solution under microwave radiation. The easy procedure, simple workup,short reaction times, and excellent yields, are another advantages of this reagent. تفاصيل المقالة
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  45 - Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Direct Red 81 Biosorption onto Modified Silk Maze as an Economical Biosorbent
  Mohammad Momen Heravi Pouran Ardalan Alireza Vafaie
  10.22034/jchr.2018.544058
  In this study, the potential of biosorbent obtained from silk maze, was investigated for the batch biosorption of Direct red 81 (DR 81) in aqueous solution. The effects of temperature, biosorbent amount, contact time, initial dye concentration and ultrasonic irradiation أکثر

  In this study, the potential of biosorbent obtained from silk maze, was investigated for the batch biosorption of Direct red 81 (DR 81) in aqueous solution. The effects of temperature, biosorbent amount, contact time, initial dye concentration and ultrasonic irradiation were also evaluated. Furthermore, experimental equilibrium and kinetics data were fitted by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, respectively. Kinetic experiments revealed that the biosorption of DR 81 onto modified silk maze can be described with a pseudo second-order model while the equilibrium isotherm data were well described by the Freundlich model. The negative thermodynamic values of ΔHoand ΔGoshowed that the biosorption is an endothermic process and occurs spontaneously in the nature.The results presented that this waste material may be a suitable biosorbent for removal of industrial effluents due to its low cost and high efficiency. تفاصيل المقالة
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  46 - پاسخ گیاه گوجه فرنگی در شرایط القای مقاومت به رایزوکتونیا سولانی با استفاده از عوامل بیوکنترل باکتریایی جهش یافته با پرتو گاما
  فاطمه ساعدی دیزجیکان پیمان فروزش سمیرا شهبازی
  پژوهش حاضر با هدف مطالعه گیاه گوجه فرنگی در شرایط القای مقاومت به رایزوکتونیا سولانی با استفاده از عوامل بیوکنترل باکتریایی جهش یافته با پرتو گاما صورت گرفت. در این تحقیق ازسه گونه باکتری باسیلوس شاملB1 B600 B419استفاده شد. جهش تصادفی با استفاده از اشعه گاما انجام گرفت. أکثر

  پژوهش حاضر با هدف مطالعه گیاه گوجه فرنگی در شرایط القای مقاومت به رایزوکتونیا سولانی با استفاده از عوامل بیوکنترل باکتریایی جهش یافته با پرتو گاما صورت گرفت. در این تحقیق ازسه گونه باکتری باسیلوس شاملB1 B600 B419استفاده شد. جهش تصادفی با استفاده از اشعه گاما انجام گرفت.نتایج نشان داد بالاترین فعالیت آنزیم پلی فنل اکسیداز در گیاه آلوده به عامل بیمارگر مشاهده گردید. این افزایش فعالیت آنزیم پلی فنل اکسیداز ناشی از پاسخ گیاه به عامل بیمارگر می باشد که منجر به افزایش فعالیت این آنزیم گردید است که نشان دهنده افزایش اکسیداسیون در گیاه است. کلیه تیمارها به استثنای تیمار B1+P‌ سطوح فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز پایین تری را نسبت به گیاه آلوده به بیمارگر نشان دادند.کلیه تیمارهای بیوکنترل باکتریایی نسبت به نمونه شاهد افزایش قابل توجهی در میزان کلروفیل a نشان دادند. در گیاهان تیمارشده با عامل بیوکنترل، بالاترین میزان کلروفیل b در تیمارهای B1+P وB600+P محاسبه شد. بالاترین درصد وقوع بیماری در گیاه آلوده به عامل بیمارگر و کمترین درصد وقوع در تیمار B419 + P مشاهده گردید. هم چنین تیمار با عامل بیوکنترل موتانت باعث افزایش عملکرد در گوجه فرنگی شده و حتی درتیمار با بیمارگر و جدایه موتانت B419 بالاترین میزان عملکرد ثبت شد. تفاصيل المقالة