Dry Matter Intake, Milk Yield and Milk Fatty Acid Composition of Dairy Cows Fed Raw or Microwave Irradiated Safflower Seed as a Substitution to Cottonseed
الموضوعات :
1 - گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز
2 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: milk composition, Microwave irradiation, fatty acid profile, lactating cow, safflower seed,
ملخص المقالة :
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of using raw or microwave irradiated safflower seed on dry matter intake, milk production and composition, milk fatty acid profile, blood parameters, and nutrient apparent digestibility in early lactation cows. Nine multiparous Holstein cows at early lactation were randomly assigned to one of three treatments based on 3 × 3 balanced latin square design. Dietary treatments included whole linted cottonseed (control), 40 g/kg DM raw safflower seed (RSS), and 40 g/kg DM microwave irradiated safflower seed (MSS). Results showed no significant effect of dietary treatments on milk production, milk fat, protein, and lactose content, and dry matter intake. Feeding RSS and MSS diets increased milk long chain fatty acids, C18:1 trans, C18:2, and polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations, while milk C16 fatty acid (p <0.05) decreased. The cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration tended to be higher in cows fed MSS diet. It was concluded that there are no negative impacts of raw and microwave irradiated safflower seed supplementation on lactation performance, while milk quality was meliorated by increasing unsaturated fatty acid concentrations.
Alizadeh A.R., Alikhani M., Ghorbani G.R., Rahmani H.R., Rashidi L. and Loor J.J. (2012). Effects of feeding roasted safflower seeds (variety IL-111) and fish oil on dry matter intake, performance and milk fatty acid profiles in dairy cattle. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 96, 466-473.
Alizadeh A.R., Ghorbani G.R., Alikhani M., Rahmani H.R. and Nikkhah A. (2010). Safflower seeds in corn silage and alfalfa hay based early lactation diets: A practice within an optimum forage choice. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 155, 18-24.
AOAC. (1990). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 15th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.
Aydin R. (2005). Conjugated linoleic acid: Chemical structure, sources and biological properties. Turkish J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 29, 189-195.
Bauman D.E. and Griinari J.M. (2001). Regulation and nutritional manipulation of milk fat: low-fat milk syndrome. Livest. Prod. Sci. 70, 15-29.
Bell J.A., Griinari J.M. and Kennelly J.J. (2006). Effect of safflower oil, flaxseed oil, monensin, and vitamin E on concentration of conjugated linoleic acid in bovine milk fat. J. Dairy Sci. 89, 733-748.
Belury M.A. (2002). Dietary conjugated linoleic acid in health: Physiological effects and mechanisms of action. Ann. Rev. Nutr. 22, 505-531.
Cant J.P., Depeters E.J. and Baldwin R.L. (1993). Mammary amino acid utilization in dairy cows fed fat and its relationship to milk protein depression. J. Dairy Sci. 76, 762-774.
Chilliard Y., Glasser F., Ferlay A., Bernard L., Rouel J. and Doreau M. (2007). Diet, rumen biohydrogenation and nutritional quality of cow and goat milk fat. European J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 109, 828-855.
Chouinard P.Y., Corneau L., Butler W.R., Chilliard Y., Drackley J.K. and Bauman D.E. (2001). Effect of dietary lipid source on conjugated linoleic acid concentrations in milk fat. J. Dairy Sci. 84, 680-690.
Cortes C., Da Silva-Kazama D.C., Kazama R., Gagnon N., Benchar C., Santos G.T.D., Zeoula L.M. and Petit H.V. (2010). Milk composition, milk fatty acid profile, digestion, and ruminal fermentation in dairy cows fed whole flaxseed and calcium salts of flaxseed oil. J. Dairy Sci. 93, 3146-3157.
Dhiman T.R., Zanten K.V. and Satter L.D. (1995). Effect of dietary fat source on fatty acid composition of cow’s milk. J. Sci. Food Agric. 69, 101-107.
Dschaak C.M., Eun J.S., Young A.J. and Bergman J.W. (2010). Nutritive merits of whole Nutrasaff safflower seed when fed to Holstein dairy cows during midlactation. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 156, 26-36.
Dschaak C.M., Noviandi C.T., Eun J.S., Fellner V., Young A.J., Zobell D.R. and Israelsen D.C. (2011). Ruminal fermentation, milk fatty acid profiles, and productive performance of Holstein dairy cows fed 2 different safflower seeds. J. Dairy Sci. 94, 5138-5150.
Glasser F., Ferlay A. and Chilliard Y. (2008). Oilseed lipid supplements and fatty acid composition of cow milk: A meta-analysis. J. Dairy Sci. 91, 4687-4703.
Godfrey L.R. and Dhiman T.R. (2006). Influence of method of processing and feeding level of safflower seeds on the performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 89(1), 62-70.
Gonthier C., Mustafa A.F., Ouellet D.R., Chouinard P.Y., Berthiaume R. and Petit H.V. (2005). Feeding micronized and extruded flaxseed to dairy cows: Effects on blood parameters and milk fatty acid composition. J. Dairy Sci. 88, 748-756.
Jenkins T.C., Wallace R.J., Moate P.J. and Mosley E.E. (2008). Board-invited review: Recent advances in biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids within the rumen microbial ecosystem. J. Anim. Sci. 86, 397-412.
Kim E.O., Lee J.Y. and Choi S.W. (2006). Quantitative changes in phenolic compounds of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) seeds during growth and processing. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 11, 311-317.
Lashkari S., Azizi O. and Jahani-Azizabadi H. (2015). Effects of different processing methods of flaxseed on ruminal degradability and in vitro post-ruminal nutrient disappearance. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 69, 177-186.
Mansbridge R.J. and Blake J.S. (1997). Nutritional factors affecting the fatty acid composition of bovine milk. British J. Nutr. 78, 37-47.
Martin C., Rouel J., Jouany J.P., Doreaum M. and Chilliard Y. (2008). Methane output and diet digestibility in response to feeding dairy cows crude linseed, extruded linseed, or linseed oil. J. Anim. Sci. 86, 2642-2650.
Nagatsu A. (2004). Investigation of antioxidative compounds from oil plant seed. Fabad J. Pharm. Sci. 29, 203-210.
Neville M.C. and Picciano M.F. (1997). Regulation of milk lipid secretion and composition. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 17, 159-184.
NRC. (2001). Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th Ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
Oguz M.N., Oguz F.K. and Buyukoglu T.I. (2014). Effect of different concentrations of dietary safflower seed on milk yield and some rumen and blood parameters at the end stage of lactation in dairy cows. R. Bras. Zootec. 43, 207-211.
Samadi M.S., Chashnidel Y., Dirandeh E. and Deldar H. (2018). Effects of heat processing of soybeans and linseed on ruminal fatty acid biohydrogenation in situ. Iranian J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 8, 583-589.
SAS Institute. (2001). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 8.2. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Savage G.P., Dutta P.C. and McNeil D.L. (1999). Fatty acid and tocopherol contents and oxidative stability of walnut oils. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 76, 1059-1063.
Savage G.P., McNella D.L. and Dutta P.C. (1997). Lipid composition and oxidative stability of oils in hazelnuts (Corylus avellana) grown in New Zealand. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 74, 755-759.
Soita H.W., Mmeier J.A., Fehr M., Christensen D.A., McKinnon J.J. nad Mustafa A.F. (2003). Effects of flaxseed supplementation on nutrient utilization, milk production and composition by lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(1), 235-241.
Stegeman G.A., Casper D.P., Schinngoethe D.J. and Baer R.J. (1992). Locational responses of dairy cows fed unsaturated dietary fat and receiving bovine somatotropin. J. Dairy Sci. 75, 1936-1945.
Sumnu G. (2001). A review on microwave baking of foods. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 36, 117-127.
Troegeler-Meynadier A. and Enjalbert F. (2005). Conjugated linoleic acids: Variations of their concentrations in milk and dairy products. Rev. Méd. Vét. 156, 323-331.
Troegeler-Meynadier A., Nicot M.C. and Enjalbert F. (2006). Effects of heating process of soybeans on ruminal production of conjugated linoleic acids and trans-octadecenoic acids in situ. Rev. Méd. Vét. 157, 509-514.
Van Keulen V. and Young B.H. (1997). Evaluation of acid-insoluble ash as natural marker in ruminant digestibility studies. J. Anim. Sci. 26, 119-135.
