ارزيابي و شناسايي ژنوتیپ‌های مقاوم به شوری در گلرنگ (Carthamus tinctorius L.) در مرحله جوانه‌زنی و رشد گیاهچه تحت شرایط آزمایشگاهی
محورهای موضوعی : توليد محصولات زراعي
Khodadad Mostafavi
1
(Department of Plant Breeding, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran)
کلید واژه: گلرنگ, درصد جوانه زني, مدل لجستيک, تجزیه خوشه‌ای,
چکیده مقاله :
افزایش تحمل به شوری در گلرنگ نیاز اساسی جهت پایداری تولید این محصول در مناطق شور محسوب می‌شود. بنابر این دسترسی به منابع جدید ژنتیکی متحمل به شوری و روش‌های غربال نمودن سریع و کارآمد ضروری می‌باشد. این پژوهش به منظور ارزیابی تحمل به شوری 6 ژنوتیپ گلرنگ در مراحل اولیه رشد و نمو و شناسایی صفات مؤثر در این مرحله اجرا گردید. صفات مورد بررسی شامل درصد جوانه‌زنی، سرعت جوانه‌زنی، طول ریشه‌چه، طول ساقه‌چه، طول گیاهچه، بنیه بذر، شاخص جوانه‌زنی، شاخص سرعت جوانه‌زنی و میانگین جوانه‌زنی بود. آزمايش به صورت فاکتوريل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفي با دو عامل ژنوتيپ و تنش شوري با 3 تکرار اجرا گردید. ژنوتیپ‌های مورد استفاده در این آزمایش عبارت بودند از KM5، KM8، KM12، KM19،KM47 و کوسه (رقم محلي اصفهان) که در 5 سطح مختلف تنش شوري {صفر (آب مقطر یا شاهد)، 3/0-، 5/0-، 1- و 5/1- مگاپاسکال} با استفاده از کلريد سديم مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتايج حاصل از تجزيه واريانس داده‌ها نشان داد که برای اکثر صفات بين ژنوتيپ‌ها، سطوح مختلف تنش شوري و اثر متقابل آنها اختلاف معني‌داري وجود دارد. براساس مدل لجستیک برازش داده شده، غلظتی از نمک که برای ممانعت 50 درصدی بنیه بذر لازم است سطح شوری 2- مگاپاسکال بود. تجزيه خوشه‌اي با استفاده از روش Ward ژنوتیپ‌های مورد مطالعه را در سه گروه مجزا تقسيم‌بندي نمود. با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده از این پژوهش رقم کوسه جزو ارقام متحمل به شوری در مرحله جوانه‌زنی و رشد اولیه گیاهچه شناخته شد.
Tolerance increasing to salt stress is essential need for sustainable safflower production in areas with risk of salinity. This requires new genetic sources of salt tolerant and more efficient techniques for identifying salt-tolerant germplasm. This study was conducted to access salt tolerance in primary growth stages of six safflower genotypes and finds the most beneficial salt tolerance traits in this stage. Investigation traits were germination percentage, germination speed, root length, shoot length, seedling length, seed vigor, seedling index, germination speed index and germination mean. An experiment with factorial arrangement was conducted by using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications in Biotechnology laboratory Islamic Azad University- Karaj Branch. Genotypes of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) including KM5, KM8, KM12, KM19, KM47 and Kouse with five concentrations of NaCl (0, -0.3, -0.5, -1 and -1.5 ds/m) were treated. Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences between genotypes, stress levels and their interaction. According to the fitted logistic model, the NaCl concentration level required for 50% reduction of seed vigor was -2 dS/m. Cluster analysis according Ward’s method, classified genotypes into three different groups. According to the results of this research, Kose was resistant cultivar at germination stage and early seedling growth.
Ahmadizadeh, M., M. Valizadeh, M. Zaefizadeh, and H. Shahbazi. 2011. Evaluation of Interaction between Genotype and Environments in Term of Germination and Seedling Growth in Durum Wheat Landraces. Advances in Environmental Biology, 5(4): 551-558.
Almansouri, M., J. M. Kinet, and S. Lutts. 2001. Effect of salt and osmotic stresses on germination in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf). Plant and Soil. 231: 243-254.
Bajji, M., J. M. Kinet, and S. Lutts. 2002. Osmotic and ionic effects of NaCl on germination, early seedling growth, and ion content of Atriplex halimus (Chenopodiaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany. 80: 297- 304.
Bernstein L. 1974. Crop growth and salinity. In: Drainage for Agriculture. J. van Schilfgaarde (Ed.). Agronomy 17: 39-54.
Chauhan, B. S., G. Gill, and C. Preston. 2006. Factors affecting seed germination of annual sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus) in Southern Australia. Weed Sci. 54: 854-860.
Demir, M. and A. Ozturk. 2003. Effect of different soil salinity levels on germination and seedling growth of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Turk. J. 27: 224-227.
Dhanda, S, S., G, S, Sethi and R, K, Beh. 2004. Indices of Drought Tolerance in Wheat Genotype at Early Stages of Plant Growth. J.Agronomy & Crop Science. 190:6-12.
Dubey, R. S. 1999. Protein synthesis by plants under stressful conditions. In: handbook of plant and crop stress, ed. Pessarakli, M. pp. 153-167.New York. Marcel Dekker, USA
Dubey, R. S., and M. Rani. 1990. Influence of Nacl salinity on the behaviour of protease, Aminopeptidase and carboxyl - peptidase in rice seedlings in relation to salt tolerance. Aust. J. Plant Physiol., 17, 215–221.
Ehteshami, M. R., and M. R. Chaeichi. 1998. Effect of salt stress on germination of two barley cultivars. Journal of agriculture and natural resources. 3 (4): 23-34. (In Persian).
Flowers, T. J., P. F. Torke, and A. R. Yeo. 1997. The mechanism of salt tolerance in halophytes. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 28: 89-121.
Godfery, W. N., J. C. Onyango, and E. Beck. 2007. Sorghum and salinity: 2. Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of sorghum under salt stress. Crop Sci. 44:806-811.
Golbashy, M., S. Mahmoudi., M. Ashofteh., and H. Shariatmadari. 2009. Effect of osmotic stress on germination and early seedling growth in safflowers genotypes. The first National Conference of Environmental Stresses in Agricultural science, 28-29-Jan 2010. The University of Birjand. P. 39. (In Persian).
Goldani, M., and N. Latifi. 1998. Evaluation of salt stress levels on germination and seedling growth of tree wheat cultivars. Journal of agriculture and natural resources. 4 (2): 47-53. (In Persian).
Haghghani, M., M. Safari., and A. Maghsoudi. 2009. Effect of salt stress levels (NaCl) on germination and seedling growth of safflowers cultivars. Journal of agriculture and natural resources. 12 (45): 449-458. (In Persian).
Hatami, H., and S. Galeshi. 1999. Effect of salt stress levels on wheat germination. Journal of agriculture and natural resources. 1 (2): 31-35. (In Persian).
Igbal. N., H. Y. Ashraf, F. Javed, Z. Igbal, and G. H. Shah. 1998. Effect of salinity on germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Pakistan Journal of Biologyical Sci. 1 (3): 226-227.
Jamil, M., D. Bae Lee, K. Yony Jun, M. Ashraf, and S. Chin. 2006. Effect of salt (NaCl) stress on germination and early seedling growth of four vegetable species. J. Center Europ. Agric. 7, 273-282.
Jibr, N., A. Ayadi, S. Amar, W. Chaibi, and J. Brulfert. 2002. Seed germination of two wheat species differing in their sensitivity to NaCl , in response to salt stress. J. Trace and micro prove techniques. 20:625-637.
Khan, M. A., and S. Gulzar. 2003. Germination responses of Sporobolus ioclados: A saline desert grass. Journal of Arid Environments 55, 453-464.
Levit, J., 1980. Response of plants to environmental stress. Vol II. Water, Radiation, Salt and Other stress. Academic press. U. S. A. pp. 376
Maftoum, M., and A. R. Sepasskhah. 1989. Relative salt tolerance of eight wheat cultivars. Agrochimica. 33: 1-12.
Munns, R., 2002. Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant, Cell and Environment. 25: 239 - 250.
Netondo, G. W., J. C. Onyango, and E. Beck. 2004. Sorghum and salinity: Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of sorghum under salt stress. Crop Sci. 44: 806-811.
Pujol J. A., J. F. Calvo, and L. Ramı´rez-Dı´az. 2000. Recovery of germination in different osmotic conditions by four halophytes in Southeastern Spain. Annals of Botany. 85: 279-286.
Sadatnoori, S. A., B. Foughi., M. Golbashi., and M. Zarrabi. 2009. a. Effect of different level of salt on germination indices in safflowre genotyles. The First congress on oils plants. Industrial University of Isfahan. P. 609-611. (In Persian).
Sadatnoori, S. A., M. H. Shariatmadari., M. Golbashi., and M. Zarrabi. 2009. b. investigation of correlated traits with sunflower germination under drought stress conditions. The first water crisis national conferences in agriculture and natural resources. Islamic azad Universiy – Shahre rey branch, October 31, p. 112. (In Persian).
Sheriff, M, A. T. R. El-beshbeshy and C. Richter. 1998. Response of some Egyptian varieties of wheat to salt stress through potassium application. Seed Abst. 21: 470-475.
Singh A. K., V. Prakash, and E. R. D. Sastry. 2000. Effect of salinity stress on seed germination seeding growth of wheat. Agricultural Science-Digest, India, 18: 96-98.
Tobe, K., X. M. Li, and K. Omasa. 2004. Effects of five different salts on seed germination and seedling growth of Haloxylon ammodendron (Chenopodiaceae). Seed Science Research 14, 345-353.
Van De Venter, A. 2001. Seed vigor testing. ISTA new bull. 122:12-14.