اثر تراكم¬كاشت و سطوح كود نيتروژن بر عملكرد و اجزاي عملكرد دانه ذرت رقم KSC700 در منطقه معتدل كرمانشاه
محورهای موضوعی : توليد محصولات زراعي
فرهاد صادقی
1
(استادیار اصلاح نباتات، بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش گشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه.، ایران.)
کلید واژه: : ذرت دانه¬ای, تراکم بوته, کود نیتروژن, عملکرد دانه واجزای عملکرد,
چکیده مقاله :
به¬منظور بررسی تاثیر تراکم ¬كاشت و مقادير مختلف کود نيتروژن بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت دانه¬ای رقم تجاریKSC 700، آزمايشی با چهار تراكم كاشت (69، 77، 85 و 93 هزار بوته در هکتار) به¬عنوان عامل اصلی و سه مقدار نیتروژن خالص (150، 250 و 350 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به¬عنوان عامل فرعی انجام شد. طرح به¬صورت کرت¬ خرد شده در قالب بلوك¬هاي كامل تصادفي در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی اسلام¬آباد اجرا شد. صفات اندازه¬گیری شده شامل: ارتفاع بوته و بلال، تعداد دانه در رديف، تعداد رديف دانه در بلال، وزن صد دانه، وزن دانه در تک بوته، وزن بلال و عملکرد دانه بودند. تجزيه واريانس صفات نشان داد، اثر عامل تراکم بوته روی وزن صد دانه و وزن بلال در سطح احتمال یک درصد و برای صفات ارتفاع بوته، تعداد دانه در ردیف، تعداد ردیف دانه و عملکرد دانه در بوته در سطح احتمال پنج درصد معني¬دار بود. تاثير عامل کود نیتروژن بر صفت وزن بلال در سطح احتمال یک درصد و برای صفات وزن صد دانه، تعداد دانه در ردیف، عملکرد دانه در بوته و عملکرد دانه در سطح احتمال پنج درصد معنی¬دار بود. عملکرد دانه برای چهار تراکم فوق به¬ترتیب برابر 9441 ، 12050، 10740 و 8098 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. اثر سه مقدار کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد دانه به¬ترتیب معادل 9362، 10140 و 10740 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. تیمار تراکم 77 هزار بوته × مقدار 350 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژن خالص در بیشتر صفات از جمله تعداد دانه در ردیف، تعداد ردیف دانه، وزن صد دانه و عملکرد دانه به¬ترتیب برابر 3/43 دانه، 5/18 ردیف، 2/32 گرم و 12870 کیلوگرم در هکتار برتری معنی¬داری در سطح احتمال 5 درصد. همچنین تیمار تراکم 77 هزار بوته × مقدار 250 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژن خالص با عملکرد دانه 12260 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیز برتر و قابل توصیه است.
In order to evaluate the effect of planting density and nitrogen fertilizer rates on yield and yield components of maize cultivar (KSC 700), an experiment was conducted with four plots (69, 77, 85 and 93 thousand plant ha-1 ) and three sub-plot (150, 250 and 350 nitrogen kg ha-1). The research was carried out in split plot experiment based on RCBD with 3 replications in research station of Islam Abad. The measured traits were included plant height and ear, seed number per row, row number per ear, 100 seed weight, seed weight per plant, ear weight and grain yield. Analysis of variance indicated that the effect of plat density was significant on 100 seed weight and ear weight at probability level of 1% and for plant height, the number of seeds per row, row number and grain yield per plant at 5% probability level. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer was meaningful on weight traits at 1% probability level for 100 seed weight, number of seeds per row, grain yield per plant at 5% probability level. The grain yield of four plant density had 9441, 12050, 10740 and 8098 kg ha-1 , and nitrogen fertilizer had 9362, 10140 kg ha-1, respectively. The treatment of 77000 pha-1 X 350 kgha-1 of nitrogen was significant at five percent level for more characters such as number of kernels per row, number of rows, seed weight and seed grain yield with 43.3, 18.5, 32.2 gr and 12870 kgha-1, respectively. Also grain yield of 77000 pha-1 X 250 kgha-1 on nitrogen treatment was better than the other treatments with 12260 kgha-1 .
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