تأثیر تراکم بوته و روش¬های کنترل علف¬های هرز بر خصوصیات رویشی و عملکرد لوبیا قرمز
محورهای موضوعی : توليد محصولات زراعي
محمد كاظم عليلو
1
(دانش آموخته كارشناسي ارشد، گروه زراعت، واحد خوي، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، خوي، ايران)
کلید واژه: درصد پروتئین, علف کش, عملکرد بیولوژیک, عملکرد دانه, لوبیا قرمز,
چکیده مقاله :
استفاده از تراکم کاشت مناسب و کنترل صحیح علف¬های هرز، از جمله عوامل مهم در دستیابی به عملکرد بالا در لوبیا قرمز است. به منظور ارزیابی اثرات تراکم بوته و کنترل علف¬های هرز بر خصوصیات رویشی و عملکرد لوبیا قرمز، آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک¬های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی شهرستان خوی در سال زراعی 97-1396 اجرا گردید. در این تحقیق تراکم کاشت در سه سطح 20، 25 و 30 بوته در متر¬مربع و روش¬های کنترل علف¬های هرز در چهار سطح عدم کنترل، علف‌کش اختصاصی (بنتازون)، کنترل دستی و کاربرد علف¬کش عمومی (پاراکوات) انتخاب شدند. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که اثر متقابل تراکم کاشت و روش¬های کنترل علف¬های هرز، بر صفات تعداد شاخه جانبی، تعداد غلاف در بوته، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد پروتئین معنی¬دار بود و بر صفات دیگر همچون ارتفاع بوته و درصد پروتئین دانه اثر معنی¬داری نداشت. بیشترین عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک در تراکم کاشت 30 بوته در متر مربع و اعمال وجین دستی به ترتیب 3391 و 15275 کیلوگرم در هکتار به دست آمد و بیشترین درصد پروتئین دانه نیز در تراکم 20 بوته در متر مربع و اعمال وجین دستی علف¬های هرز به میزان 8/24 درصد حاصل شد . نتایج این بررسی نشان داد که در بین روش¬های مختلف کنترل علف¬های هرز، روش کنترل دستی از برتری نسبی برخوردار می¬باشد و مصرف علف¬کش عمومی به تنهایی در کنترل و مهار علف¬های هرز لوبیا قرمز کار¬آمد نیست. تولید عملکرد دانه حداکثر با تراکم 30 بوته در متر مربع حاکی از عکس العمل مثبت لوبیا قرمز به تراکم‌‌های بالا گیاهی می‌باشد.
An appropriate plant density and weed control method is highly influential factor in the production of kidney beans with high yield. To examine the effects of plant density and weed control methods on vegetative and reproductive characteristics and yield of kidney beans, the Research Center of Agriculture in Khoy –W. Azarbaijan conducted a factorial experiment in the form of randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications from 2018 to 2019. In this study plant density at three levels of 20, 25 and 30 plants per square meter, and weed control methods at four levels of non-control, selective herbicide (bentazon ), manual control and application of general herbicide (paraquat) were chosen. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between plant density and weed control methods and lateral branches, number of pods per plant , grain yield, biological yield and protein yield; however there was no meaningful relationship between plant density and weed control methods and other characteristics such as plant height and the percentage of grain protein. The highest grain and biological yield were obtained at a planting density of 30 plants per square meter and manual weeding; afterwards, the manual weeding was followed at 3391 and 15275 kg/ha respectively and the highest percentage of grain protein at a density of 20 plants per square meter together with manual weeding was obtained at the level up to 24.8 %. The results also indicated that the manual control method was relatively effective and proved to be better than all other methods, with the consequence that herbicides by themselves were not effective in controlling weeds of kidney beans. Production of grain yield with a maximum density of 30 plants per square meter indicated that a positive response of kidney beans to the high density of the plants.
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