اثر الگوی کاشت و منابع تامین نیتروژن بر خصوصیات زراعی و عملکرد ذرت704

محورهای موضوعی : توليد محصولات زراعي

فهيمه ميرزايي ¹ , ساسان رضادوست ²

1 - دانش آموخته كارشناسي ارشد زراعت ، واحد خوي، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، خوي، ايران.
2 - استادیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد خوی

تاریخ دریافت : 1397/11/14 تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/02/14 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/03/16

کلید واژه: الگوی کاشت, کود زیستی, شاخص برداشت, عملکرد ذرت,

چکیده مقاله :

به منظور بررسی اثر آرایش کاشت و منابع تامین نیتروژن بر ویژگی‌های زراعی، عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد گیاه ذرت آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار طی سال 1395 در شهرستان پلدشت انجام شد. عامل اول آرایش کاشت در سه سطح شامل (31*45، 25*55 و 22*65) و عامل دوم نوع کود نيتروژنه در چهار سطح شامل (شاهد، نیتروکسین، سوپر نیتروپلاس و اوره) بود. اثر این عوامل بر صفات زراعی، اجزای عملکرد، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج بیانگر اثر معنی دار الگوی کشت و سطوح نیتروژن بر صفات زراعی بود. به طوری که بیشترین ارتفاع بوته، از الگوی کشت 25*55 به دست آمد و کمترین میزان صفات مورد بررسی از الگوی کشت 22*65 بدست آمدند. اثر متقابل نیتروکسین با الگوی کشت 22*55 بیشترین طول بوته و قطر ساقه را داشت. همچنین نتایج حاصل از مقایسه میانگین اثرات الگوی کشت و کاربرد کود بر اجزای عملکرد نشان داد بیشترین وزن بلال (17/0 کیلوگرم)، مساحت برگ بلال (6/391 سانتی مترمربع)، تعداد بلال (3/1)‌‍، تعداد دانه در بلال (7/462 و عملکرد دانه 9329 کیلوگرم در هکتار) مربوط به الگوی کشت 25*55 بود. نتایج حاصل از مقایسه میانگین اثرات متقابل فاکتورهای آزمایشی نشان داد که بیشترین شاخص برداشت (8/41 درصد) در شرایط الگوی کشت 25*55 توأم با مصرف نیتروکسین به دست آمد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

To study the impact of cropping pattern on the sources of nitrogen supply on cultivating traits and the maize yield and its components, a factorial experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design in three replications in 1395 in Poldasht. The first factor was the cropping pattern in three levels (65*22 , 55*25 , and 45*31). Second factor was nitrogen fertilizer in four levels (control , nitroxin , super nitroplus and urea ). The impact of these factors were studied on cropping traits, the functional elements, seed yield and the harvest index. The results indicated the significant effect of cropping pattern and nitrogen levels on the farming traits. The highest shrub height was attained from cropping pattern of 55*25 and the last one from the cropping pattern of 65*22. The interactive impact of nitroxin with cropping pattern of 55*22 had the most plant length and the diameter of the stalk. The attained results from the comparison of the effects of cropping pattern and the application of fertilizer on the element treatments showed that the highest ear weight (0.17kg), the area of corn leaf (391.6 cm), the number of ears (1.3), the number of seed in the ear (462.7) and the seed function (9329kg per hectare) was related to the cropping pattern of 55*25. The results of the comparison of interactive effects on the experimental factors showed that the highest treatment index (% 41.8) in the cropping pattern 55*25 condition was attained by application of nitroxin fertilizer.

منابع و مأخذ:

 Amal G.A., S. Orabi, and A.M. Gomaa . 2010. Bio-organic farming of grain sorghum and its effect on growth, physiological and yield parameters and antioxidant enzymes activity. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 6: 270-279.
 Amirabadi, M., M.R. Ardakani, F. Rejali and M. Borj. 2010. Effects of Azotobacter chroococcum and Mycorrhizal Fungus along with different levels of phosphorus on qualitative and morphological characteristics of forage Maize (KSC 704). Iranian J. of Soil and Water Res.41(1). 49-56.
 Anbessa, Y. and P. Juskiw. 2014. Fertilizer rate and cultivar interaction effect on nitrogen recovery, utilization efficiency, and agronomic performance of spring Barly. Int. Scholary Res. Network Agron. P: 8.
 Bhaskara Rao, K.V. and P.B.N. Charyulu. 2005. Evaluation of effect of inoculation of Azospirillum on the yield of Setaria italic L. African J. of Biotech. 4: 989- 995.
 Bruns, H.A. and H.K. Abbas. 2005. Ultra high plant population and N fertility effect of corn in the Mississippi vally. Agron. J. 97: 1136-1140.
 Darzi, M.T., A. Ghalavand, F. Rejali, and F. Sefidkan. 2007. Effects of Biofertilizers Application on yield and yield components in Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). 22( 34) 276-292.
 Emam, Y. and M.J. Seghateleslami. 2005. Crop yield, physiology and processes. Shiraz Uni. Press. 593.(In Persian)
 Hashemi Dezfuli, S., S. Alemi, and K. Syadat. 2008. Effects of sowing date on yield potantial of two sweet corn cultivar in Khozestan condition. Iran Agricultural J: 32: 681-689.
 Izadi, M. H. and Y. Emam. 2010. Effect of planting pattern, plant density and nitrogen levels on grain yield and yield components of maize cv. SC704. Iranian J. of Crop Sci. 12 (3) 239-251. (In Persian))
 Larson, J.E., D.F. Warren and K. Langton. 2008. Effect of Fe and Al and humic acid on phosphorous fiction by organic soil. soil sci. Am. Proc., 23: 438 – 440.
 Marashi, K. Sh. Zaker Nejad, S. Lak and A. Siadat. 2007. Assessment of planting patterns and plant density on yield and yield components of corn(zea mays S.C. 704) under Ahvaz climatic conditions. Sci. J. Agric. 3: 63-70. (In Persian)
 Nasrollah Zadeh Asl, A., F. Jalili and E. Valizadegan. 2015. The impact of nitrogen(nitroxin) and phosphorus biofertilizers on the yield and percentage of sesame oil. J. of Res. In Crop Sci. 6(24). 97- 112. (In Persian)
 Niknam, N. and H. Faraji. 2014. Effect of plant density and nitrogen on yield and yield ncomponents of maize Var. 704. Agron. J.(Pajouesh and sazandegi). 102: 56-60.
 Nieto, K.F. and W. T. Frankenberger. 1991. Influence of adenine, isopenthyle alchol and Azotobacter chroococcum on the vegetative of zea mays. plant and soil. 135:213- 219.
 Nourmohammadi , Gh., S. A. Syadat, and A. Kashani. 2001. A kernel of wheat. Shahid Chamran Uni. of Ahvaz. Press.
 Rangarajan, A., B. Ingall, M. Orfanedes and D. Wolf. 2002. In row spacing and cultivar affects ear yield and quality of early-planted sweet corn. Hort.
 Saberi, A., D. Mazaheri and H. Sharif. 2006. The effects of sowing density and sowing pattern on yield, yield ncomponents and some agronomic charactristics of corn (zea mays), H.T.W.C. 647 cultivar. 13(1): 49- 57.
 Saeed-negad, A., and P. Rezvani. 2010. Evaluation of biological and chemical fertilizers effect on morphological characteristics, yield and yield components of cumin herbal plant. J. of Hort. Sci. 1: 38-44. (In Persian)
 Salardini, E. 1992. Agricultural fertilizer. Tehran Uni. Press.
 Singh, V.P. and A. Arora. 2001. Interaspecific variation in N uptake and N utilization efficiency in wheat. Crop Sci. 180: 1860-1869.
 Sharifi, M., m. Mirzakhani ans N. Sajedi. 2011. Nitroxin the effect of nitrogen and manure on yield, nitrogen efficiency trats and some sweet corn. New Findingsin Agri. 6(2): 15-24.
 Subedi, K.D. and B.L. Ma and D. L. Smith. 2006. Response of a leafly and nonleafly Maize hybrid to population densities and fertilizer nitrogen levels. Crop Sci. 46: 1860- 1869.
 Tale, S. and M., Mojaddam. 2017. Evlauation of application methods of nitroxin and nitrogen on yield and some physiological traits of maize (Zea mays L. cv SC 704). J. of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Rec. 12(45): 95-106. (In Persian)
 Torbatinejad, M.N., M.R. Chaichi, and S. Sharifi. 2002. Efferct of nitrogen level on yield and yield components of three forage sorghum cultivar in Gorgan. 9(2): 205-220.
 Ziaian, E., M. Lotfallahi, and M.J. Malakooti. 1991. The role of consumption management has been optimized to increase yield and improve the quality of corn . Agricultural Res. Training and Promotion Organ.12- 14.