سنجش آسیب پذیری ساختار شهری از منظر پدافند غیر عامل در زمان بحران (مطالعه موردی: شهر گمیشان)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ایحسن حسینی امینی 1 , حسین موسی زاده 2 , امیر بخشی 3 , رضا سارلی 4
1 - مربی مرکز مطالعات پدافند غیرعامل، دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری و مدرس دانشگاه.
2 - مدرس گروه جغرافیا، واحد گرمسار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرمسار، ایران |دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم منطقه ایی، دانشگاه اتوش لوراند، دانشکده علوم، بوداپست، مجارستان.
3 - استادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.
4 - کارشناس جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه گلستان.
کلید واژه: بحران, آسیب پذیری, پدافند غیر عامل, ساختار شهری, شهر گمیشان,
چکیده مقاله :
بشر در طول تاریخ همواره صحنه های جنگ وبرخوردهای نظامی را تجربه کرده وکمتر سرزمینی از این آفت مصون مانده است تقویت تاسیسات دفاعی شهری،تعبیه راه‌های گریز از خطر، بهبود وضع خدماتی که در زمان دفاع ضرورت می یابد امری ضروری و اجتناب ناپذیر می‌باشد از این منظر تلاش آدمیان برای بقاء آنها را ناگزیر به تجهیز در برابر تهدیدات کرده است شهر به عنوان زیستگاه متراکم انسانی است که به دلیل حضور انسان، نیازمند امنیت و ایمنی در همه ابعاد کالبدی، اجتماعی، اقتصادی، فرهنگی و ... است بر اساس اهمیت موضوع، پژوهش حاضر با رویکرد توسعه‌ای – کاربردی و ترکیبی از روش‌های تحقیق توصیفی – تحلیلی به بررسی موضوع در شهر گمیشان پرداخته است و با ارائه رویکردی، شهر و عناصر شهری تاثیرگذار در موضوع پدافند غیر عامل از منظر فاصله از مرکز شهر گمیشان مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار می گیرند که به دنبال کاهش خسارات احتمالی حاصل از مخاطرات انسانی و طبیعی در شهر می باشد وقوع حوادث طبیعی و انسانی تلفات سنگینی را در شهرها ایجاد میکنداین مسئله توجه به ابعاد آسیب پزیری و دسیابی بیه استانداردها آسایش شهر از منظر پدافند غیرعامل را گریزناپذیر می کند به منظور شناخت عناصر آسیب پذیر با رویکرد پدافند غیر عامل در شهر گمیشان با توجه به مطالعات پیشین در این زمینه از روش سلسله مراتبی استفاده گردید در این راستا پس از شناسایی معیارها اقدام به تهیه پایگاه داده‌های مکانی در سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی) Arc GIS) شد
Throughout history, human beings have experienced the scenes of war and military adventures, and less land has survived from this pest. It is imperative and inevitable to strengthen the urban defense facilities, to set up risk aversion routes, to improve the status of services that are necessary at the time of defense. In this perspective, the human effort to survive has to be equipped with threats. The city is a dense human habitat, which, due to human presence, needs security and safety in all its physical, social, economic, and cultural dimensions. Based on the importance of the subject, the present study is based on the developmental-applied approach and a combination of research methods A descriptive-analytical study of the subject in Gomishan city has been analyzed by providing a city method and effective urban elements in the field of passive defense from the perspective of distance from the center of the city of Gomishan, which seeks to reduce the potential damage caused by human hazards. And natural in the city. The occurrence of natural and human events will cause heavy casualties in the cities. The issue of paying attention to the dimensions of harm and the disassembly of standards will inevitably make the city more comfortable from the perspective of passive defense in order to identify vulnerable elements with a passive defense approach. The city of Gomishan, according to previous studies in this field Neither hierarchical method was used. In this regard, after the identification of the criteria
Adeli, Z., Beyg Babaei, B., Eghbali, N., & Hatami, A. (2016). Evaluation of Urban Structure in Inertial Defense Planning Using SWOT Method (Case Study of Bonab City). Journal of Environmental Studies, 9 (32), 151-167. (In Persian)
Ahmadi, L. (2011). Spatial Analysis of Crisis Management in the Central City of Cities Using GIS: A Case Study of the Central Section of Tabriz. Master's Thesis for Geography and Urban Planning. Isfahan University. (In Persian)
Ahmadi, M., Seifi, A., & Gharehi, A. (2013). Aid Logistics Model for Reduction of Post-earthquake Damages in Extremely Large and True Dimensions. Two Issues in Crisis Management, 2 (2), 51-64. (In Persian)
Ahmarlouei, M.H. (2010). Passive Defense in the New Warfare. Farabi College, Tehran. (In Persian)
Akhbari, M., & Ahmadi Moghadam, M. (2014). Passive Defense in Urban Management, Geopolitical Quarterly, 10 (2), 36-69. (In Persian)
Alexander, D. (2007). Disaster management, from theory to implementation. Journal of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, 9 (1-2), 49-59.
Amini Varkie, S., Modiri, M., Shamsaee Zafarqandi, F., & Ghanbarinsab, A. (2014). Identifying the dominant views on the vulnerability of cities to environmental hazards and extracting components that affect them using the Quo methodology. The crisis management chapter, 3 (4), 5-18. (In Persian)
Azizi, M.M & Bornafar, M. (2011). The Urban Urban Planning Process in Airborne Injuries from the Point of View of Passive Defense (Case Study: District 1 of Tehran Region). Quarterly Journal. Urban Studies, 1 (4), 9-22. (In Persian)
Bulhassani, A. (2005). Passive Defense, Urban Architecture and Design in Iran. Non-Relevant Defense Assistant of Khatam-el-Namba Air Defense Base. (In Persian)
Ghazi, M., & Karimi., H. (2011). The Role of Citizenship Training and Participation in Urban Firefight Control in Urban Crisis Planning and Management. Geographic Space Quarterly, 11 (36), 25-46. (In Persian)
Ghomshi, M., Rashidi Mehrabadi, A., Moazid, H., & Jalali, GH. (2009). Reducing Vulnerability of Water Utilization Facilities Based on Oil Transmission Pipelines from Ineffective Defense Perspective (Western Case Study of Ahwaz). Third National Conference on Water and Wastewater with Operation Approach, Tehran. (In Persian)
Hashemi, F. (1992). Urban Law and Urban Law. Tehran: Center for Urban and Architecture Studies and Research, Third Edition. (In Persian)
Hataminejad, H., & Azimzadeh Irani, A. (2015). Organization of Urban Neighborhoods Based on Passive Defense Requirements (Case Study: District of Six Regions in Tehran). Geographic Information Quarterly, 24 (96), 91-112. (In Persian)
Hosseini Amini, H., Asadi, S., & Barnafar, M. (2010). Evaluation of the structure of the city of Langroud for the planning of non-operating defense. Journal of Applied Geosciences Research, 15 (18), 129-149. (In Persian)
Hosseini Amini, H., Mousazadeh, H., Karimi, Sh., Tabrizi, O., & Ghasi, S. (2017). Exploring Urban Vulnerability with Passive Defense Approach in Regional Cities; A Case Study in Gorgan, Geography. Journal of Iranian Geographic Society, 15 (52), 279-290. (In Persian)
Ismaeili Shahdokht, M. (2010). Urban Dissertation with Inactive Defense Approach (Case Study: Birjand City). Master's thesis, Geography Department, Tarbiat Modares University. (In Persian)
Kamran, H., Hosseini Amini, H., & Jafari, F. (2013). Formation of City of Power and City, Inhibitor Using the Basics of Inactive Defense, Geography Quarterly, 11 (36),7-32. (In Persian)
Karimi, R., Amini Vorki, S., & Akhati, H. (2013). Preparation of Urban Water Supply and Urban Distribution Networks for Inaccessible Defense. The First National Conference on Geography, Urban Development and Sustainable Development, Tehran, Koomesh Environment Forum, Air Industry University. (In Persian)
Kazemi, Sh., & Tabrizi, N. (2015). Urban Space Safety Assessment with Emphasis on Non-Factor Defense Indicators (Case Study: Amol City). Quarterly Urban Planning Studies, 3 (9), 11-26. (In Persian)
Khammar, Gh., & Saleh Gohari, H. (2013). Passive defense planning and location of urban refugees using fuzzy logic, Case study of Kerman city. Journal of Geography and Environmental Studies, 2 (7), 21-34. (In Persian)
Khammar, Gh., Saleh Gohari, H., & Hosseini, Z. (2014). Possibility of the location of urban sanctuary location using model (IO) and AHP method (Case study: 13th district of Kerman province. Quarterly Journal of Urban Planning, 2 (7), 29-54. (In Persian)
Lotfi Rezvani, Z. (2011). An Assessment and Immediate Response to the Security of Water Supply Systems. Ava Kalm, Autumn Publishing. (In Persian)
Malczewski, J. (1999). GIS & Multicriteria Decision Analysis. Jhon Weily & sons. Newyork. VSA, pp: 198- 204.
Malekei, S., & Movaddat. (2013). Seismic Vulnerability Spectrum Evaluation in Cities Based on Different Intensity Scenarios Using Ud, Topsis, and Gis Models (Case Study: Yazd City). Geography Quarterly and Environmental Threats, 2 (5), 127-142. (In Persian)
Mays, L., W. (2004). Water Supply System Security. McGraw. Hill, NewYork, US, 478.
Mitroff, Ian I., Shrivastava, P., & Ferdaus Udwadia, E. (1978). Effective Crisis Management. Academy of Management Executive Journal, 1, P. 60
Mohammadi Dehcheshmeh, M., & Heydarinia, S. (2015). Spatial neighborhood modeling of special applications from passive defense perspective in Ahwaz metropolitan area. Space planning and planning chapter, 19 (2), 211-236. (In Persian)
Nasari, M.R. (2009). Presentation of the model of sensational centers according to the principles of passive defense, thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field of engineering of industries of economic and social affairs of the University of Science and Technology, University of Industry. (In Persian)
Parizadi, T., Hosseini Amini, H., Shahriari, M. (2010). Analysis and analysis of passive defense arrangements in the city of Saqez in an analytical approach. Urban Management, 26 (2), 191-202. (In Persian)
Pourahmad, A., Lotfi, S., Faraji, M., & Azimi, A. (2009). Survey of the dimensions of earthquake crisis prevention (Case study: Babol city). Quarterly Journal of Urban and Regional Studies and Research, 1 (1), 1-24. (In Persian)
Saaty. (1980). the analytical hierarchical process planning, priority setting, resource allocation. new york: mc graw- hill.
Saleh Abadi, H., Afshar, A., & Saleh Abadi, S. (2013). Non-active defense in Urban Water Distribution Networks. Sixth Congress of the Geopolitical Association of Iran; Passive Defense, Mashhad: Geopolitical Society of Iran, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (In Persian)
Sangsefidi, E. (2014). Modeling the Urban Transport Network Vulnerability caused by Rain Rockets Using GIS, Department of Urban Planning and Defense Architecture, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran. (In Persian)
Saremi, H.R., & Hosseini Amini, H. (2011). Protecting Urban Facilities and Facilities Using Optimal Usage of Inland Urban Environment with Passive Defense Approach (Case Study of Boroujerd City. Urban Management Studies Chapter, 6 (2), 67-52. (In Persian)
Schmidtlein, M. (2011). Modeled earthquake losses and social vulnerability in Charleston, South Carolina. Applied Geography, 31, 269- 281.
Taghvaei, M., Jozzi Khamaslouei, A. (2012). Management and Crisis Planning in Urban Spaces with Passive Defense Approach and SWOT Model; Case Study: Isfahan Marching Routes. Journal of Geographic Space, 2 (6), 57-74. (In Persian)
Wekerle, G., & Whitzman, C. (2006). Safe Cities: guidelines for planning, design and management, 56, 98- 114.
Yang, F., Zeng, G., Du, Ch., Tang, L., Zhou, J., & Li, Z. (2008). Spatial analyzing system for urban landuse management based on GIS and multicriteria assessement modeling. progress in natural scince, 18 (10), 1279-1284.
_||_Adeli, Z., Beyg Babaei, B., Eghbali, N., & Hatami, A. (2016). Evaluation of Urban Structure in Inertial Defense Planning Using SWOT Method (Case Study of Bonab City). Journal of Environmental Studies, 9 (32), 151-167. (In Persian)
Ahmadi, L. (2011). Spatial Analysis of Crisis Management in the Central City of Cities Using GIS: A Case Study of the Central Section of Tabriz. Master's Thesis for Geography and Urban Planning. Isfahan University. (In Persian)
Ahmadi, M., Seifi, A., & Gharehi, A. (2013). Aid Logistics Model for Reduction of Post-earthquake Damages in Extremely Large and True Dimensions. Two Issues in Crisis Management, 2 (2), 51-64. (In Persian)
Ahmarlouei, M.H. (2010). Passive Defense in the New Warfare. Farabi College, Tehran. (In Persian)
Akhbari, M., & Ahmadi Moghadam, M. (2014). Passive Defense in Urban Management, Geopolitical Quarterly, 10 (2), 36-69. (In Persian)
Alexander, D. (2007). Disaster management, from theory to implementation. Journal of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, 9 (1-2), 49-59.
Amini Varkie, S., Modiri, M., Shamsaee Zafarqandi, F., & Ghanbarinsab, A. (2014). Identifying the dominant views on the vulnerability of cities to environmental hazards and extracting components that affect them using the Quo methodology. The crisis management chapter, 3 (4), 5-18. (In Persian)
Azizi, M.M & Bornafar, M. (2011). The Urban Urban Planning Process in Airborne Injuries from the Point of View of Passive Defense (Case Study: District 1 of Tehran Region). Quarterly Journal. Urban Studies, 1 (4), 9-22. (In Persian)
Bulhassani, A. (2005). Passive Defense, Urban Architecture and Design in Iran. Non-Relevant Defense Assistant of Khatam-el-Namba Air Defense Base. (In Persian)
Ghazi, M., & Karimi., H. (2011). The Role of Citizenship Training and Participation in Urban Firefight Control in Urban Crisis Planning and Management. Geographic Space Quarterly, 11 (36), 25-46. (In Persian)
Ghomshi, M., Rashidi Mehrabadi, A., Moazid, H., & Jalali, GH. (2009). Reducing Vulnerability of Water Utilization Facilities Based on Oil Transmission Pipelines from Ineffective Defense Perspective (Western Case Study of Ahwaz). Third National Conference on Water and Wastewater with Operation Approach, Tehran. (In Persian)
Hashemi, F. (1992). Urban Law and Urban Law. Tehran: Center for Urban and Architecture Studies and Research, Third Edition. (In Persian)
Hataminejad, H., & Azimzadeh Irani, A. (2015). Organization of Urban Neighborhoods Based on Passive Defense Requirements (Case Study: District of Six Regions in Tehran). Geographic Information Quarterly, 24 (96), 91-112. (In Persian)
Hosseini Amini, H., Asadi, S., & Barnafar, M. (2010). Evaluation of the structure of the city of Langroud for the planning of non-operating defense. Journal of Applied Geosciences Research, 15 (18), 129-149. (In Persian)
Hosseini Amini, H., Mousazadeh, H., Karimi, Sh., Tabrizi, O., & Ghasi, S. (2017). Exploring Urban Vulnerability with Passive Defense Approach in Regional Cities; A Case Study in Gorgan, Geography. Journal of Iranian Geographic Society, 15 (52), 279-290. (In Persian)
Ismaeili Shahdokht, M. (2010). Urban Dissertation with Inactive Defense Approach (Case Study: Birjand City). Master's thesis, Geography Department, Tarbiat Modares University. (In Persian)
Kamran, H., Hosseini Amini, H., & Jafari, F. (2013). Formation of City of Power and City, Inhibitor Using the Basics of Inactive Defense, Geography Quarterly, 11 (36),7-32. (In Persian)
Karimi, R., Amini Vorki, S., & Akhati, H. (2013). Preparation of Urban Water Supply and Urban Distribution Networks for Inaccessible Defense. The First National Conference on Geography, Urban Development and Sustainable Development, Tehran, Koomesh Environment Forum, Air Industry University. (In Persian)
Kazemi, Sh., & Tabrizi, N. (2015). Urban Space Safety Assessment with Emphasis on Non-Factor Defense Indicators (Case Study: Amol City). Quarterly Urban Planning Studies, 3 (9), 11-26. (In Persian)
Khammar, Gh., & Saleh Gohari, H. (2013). Passive defense planning and location of urban refugees using fuzzy logic, Case study of Kerman city. Journal of Geography and Environmental Studies, 2 (7), 21-34. (In Persian)
Khammar, Gh., Saleh Gohari, H., & Hosseini, Z. (2014). Possibility of the location of urban sanctuary location using model (IO) and AHP method (Case study: 13th district of Kerman province. Quarterly Journal of Urban Planning, 2 (7), 29-54. (In Persian)
Lotfi Rezvani, Z. (2011). An Assessment and Immediate Response to the Security of Water Supply Systems. Ava Kalm, Autumn Publishing. (In Persian)
Malczewski, J. (1999). GIS & Multicriteria Decision Analysis. Jhon Weily & sons. Newyork. VSA, pp: 198- 204.
Malekei, S., & Movaddat. (2013). Seismic Vulnerability Spectrum Evaluation in Cities Based on Different Intensity Scenarios Using Ud, Topsis, and Gis Models (Case Study: Yazd City). Geography Quarterly and Environmental Threats, 2 (5), 127-142. (In Persian)
Mays, L., W. (2004). Water Supply System Security. McGraw. Hill, NewYork, US, 478.
Mitroff, Ian I., Shrivastava, P., & Ferdaus Udwadia, E. (1978). Effective Crisis Management. Academy of Management Executive Journal, 1, P. 60
Mohammadi Dehcheshmeh, M., & Heydarinia, S. (2015). Spatial neighborhood modeling of special applications from passive defense perspective in Ahwaz metropolitan area. Space planning and planning chapter, 19 (2), 211-236. (In Persian)
Nasari, M.R. (2009). Presentation of the model of sensational centers according to the principles of passive defense, thesis for obtaining a master's degree in the field of engineering of industries of economic and social affairs of the University of Science and Technology, University of Industry. (In Persian)
Parizadi, T., Hosseini Amini, H., Shahriari, M. (2010). Analysis and analysis of passive defense arrangements in the city of Saqez in an analytical approach. Urban Management, 26 (2), 191-202. (In Persian)
Pourahmad, A., Lotfi, S., Faraji, M., & Azimi, A. (2009). Survey of the dimensions of earthquake crisis prevention (Case study: Babol city). Quarterly Journal of Urban and Regional Studies and Research, 1 (1), 1-24. (In Persian)
Saaty. (1980). the analytical hierarchical process planning, priority setting, resource allocation. new york: mc graw- hill.
Saleh Abadi, H., Afshar, A., & Saleh Abadi, S. (2013). Non-active defense in Urban Water Distribution Networks. Sixth Congress of the Geopolitical Association of Iran; Passive Defense, Mashhad: Geopolitical Society of Iran, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (In Persian)
Sangsefidi, E. (2014). Modeling the Urban Transport Network Vulnerability caused by Rain Rockets Using GIS, Department of Urban Planning and Defense Architecture, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran. (In Persian)
Saremi, H.R., & Hosseini Amini, H. (2011). Protecting Urban Facilities and Facilities Using Optimal Usage of Inland Urban Environment with Passive Defense Approach (Case Study of Boroujerd City. Urban Management Studies Chapter, 6 (2), 67-52. (In Persian)
Schmidtlein, M. (2011). Modeled earthquake losses and social vulnerability in Charleston, South Carolina. Applied Geography, 31, 269- 281.
Taghvaei, M., Jozzi Khamaslouei, A. (2012). Management and Crisis Planning in Urban Spaces with Passive Defense Approach and SWOT Model; Case Study: Isfahan Marching Routes. Journal of Geographic Space, 2 (6), 57-74. (In Persian)
Wekerle, G., & Whitzman, C. (2006). Safe Cities: guidelines for planning, design and management, 56, 98- 114.
Yang, F., Zeng, G., Du, Ch., Tang, L., Zhou, J., & Li, Z. (2008). Spatial analyzing system for urban landuse management based on GIS and multicriteria assessement modeling. progress in natural scince, 18 (10), 1279-1284.