تحلیلی بر ارتباط شهر یادگیرنده و شهر خلاق در راستای دستیابی به شهر پایدار (مطالعه موردی: شهر رشت)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
شهرام امیرانتخابی
1
(استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه پیام نور ، رشت، ایران)
یاسر قلی پور
2
(باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران)
سعید میثمی
3
(دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه پیام نور، رشت، ایران)
کلید واژه: رشت, شهر پایدار, شهر خلاق, شهر یادگیرنده,
چکیده مقاله :
تأثیر شهرها در عرصه ملی و جهانی در سال های اخیر رو به افزایش بوده است و دولت های محلی با چالش های مربوط به فناوری های جدید، اقتصاد دانش، تنوع فرهنگی و پایداری زیست محیطی رو به رو شده اند. در همین راستا ظهور شهرهای یادگیرنده به عنوان مکانی مناسب برای یادگیری مادام العمر و بستری ایده آل جهت آموزش شهروندان خلاق انکارناپذیر است و تحقق شهرهای خلاق را نوید می دهد که با تکیه بر نیروی پایدار خلاقیت، زمینه مشارکت دانایی محور شهروندان و تولید مداوم دانش را فراهم می کند، بنابراین بر اساس این رابطه متقابل و با ترکیب دانش مستمر شهر یادگیرنده و خلاقیت شهر خلاق دستیابی به شهر پایدار میسّر خواهد شد. هدف تحقیق حاضر بررسی ارتباط بین شاخص های شهر یادگیرنده و شهر خلاق در رشت می باشد. روش تحقیق توصیفی، تحلیلی، همبستگی و روش گردآوری اطلاعات اسنادی و پیمایشی با ابزار پرسش نامه است. جامعه آماری تحقیق را کارشناسان ادارات شهر رشت تشکیل می دهند. حجم نمونه بر اساس جدول مورگان 367 نفر و روش نمونه گیری تحقیق گلوله برفی (زنجیره ای) است. جهت آزمون فرضیه تحقیق از آزمون های اسپیرمن و رگرسیون چند گانه استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان می دهد که ارتباط آماری معناداری بین شاخص های شهر یادگیرنده و شهر خلاق وجود دارد (01/0 >P). بنابراین با ارزش نهادن به امر یادگیری و افزایش خلاقیت شهروندان دستیابی به شهر پایدار میسر خواهد شد.
The impact of cities in the national and international arena has increased in recent years and local governments have faced with challenges related to new technology, economy of knowledge, cultural diversity and environmental sustainability. In the same vein, creation of learner cities is undeniable and ideal substrate as a convenient place for lifelong learning and also for citizens' education, respectively. Also, creation of learner cities promises realization of creative cities which provides the participation context of citizens' wisdom based and lifelong knowledge creation by relying on sustainable power of creativity. Therefore, it will be possible to achieve sustainable city, with relying on this interconnectedness and combination of continuous knowledge of learner city and creativity of creative city. The purpose of present study is to investigate the relationship between the indices of learner city and creative city in Rasht city. The methodology and data collection in this study were descriptive, analytical, correlation and also documentation and survey study correspondingly using questionnaire tool. The population in this study consist of offices' experts of Rasht city. In this study, sample size and sampling method were determined 367 members via Morgan's table and also snowball sampling (clustering), respectively. The Spearman's and multiple regression tests were used for the analysis of the hypothesis. Results showed there is a statistically significant relationship between the indices of learner city and creative city in Rasht city (P>0.01). Consequently, it will be possible to achieve the sustainable city by appreciating learning and growing the creativity of citizens.
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Akbarimotlagh, M. (2011). Investigating the Dimensions of Creative City Theory and It´s Influence on Sustainable Urban Development with Emphasis o Global Experiencecs. Conference on Sustainable Architecture and Urban Development (In Persian).
Barati, N., & Sameni, A. (2011). Educating City, Necessities and Soiutions. Tehran Municipality: Center for Study and Planning of Tehran City (In Persian).
Bayat, S., Gholipour, A., & pourezzat, A. (2012). Identification of Effective Factors in the Formation of The learning City in the 6th district of Tehran, Urban Management Quarterly, 11 (31), 139-156 (In Persian).
Berridge, J. (2006). The Creative City. Plan, p 21.
Bianchini, F., & Landry, Ch. (1997). The Creative City,Working Pager3:Indicators of a Creative City A Methodologhy for Assessing Urban Viability and Vitality. Published by Comedia The Round, Bournes Green, Nr Stroud Gl os.GL6 7NL.
Candy, P. (2005). Life Long learning: critical, desirable or just a good idea. address to Adult Learning Australia’s Adult learners, week.
Coletta, C. (2008). Fostering the Creative City. CEOS for cities. August 2008, p4.
Di Sivo, M., & Ladiana, D. (2010). Towards a learning city the neighborhood lab and the lab net. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2, 5349-5356. Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
Divandari, A., Kermanshah, A., & Ekhlasi, A. (2012). Introducing a Branding Model for Major Recreational, Residential. Tourism and Sports Projects of the County with Native Approach Based on Data Theory, Journal of Commerical letter of Inquiry, 65, 27- 64 (In Persian).
Dixon, N. (1994). The Organizational Learning Cycle: How We Can Learn Collectively. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill.
Ebrahimi, M. (2008). Creative City Meeting: Concepts, Policies, A Case Study of Successful and UnSuccessful Cities. Center for Study and Planning of Tehran City, Niavaran Cultural Center (In Persian).
Ebrahimzadeh, I. (1994). Adult Education, Tehran, Payamenoor University (In Persian).
Emami, M., & Saeidi, M. (2009). The Role of Universities In Reaching the Horizons of The Vision of 1404 and A Knowledge-based Society. Journal of Work and Society, 110, 58-63 (In Persian).
Fotohi Mehrabani, B., Kalantari, M., & Rajayi, S.A. (2016). Crative City and Indicators of Iranian Creative City. Journal of Geography, New Course, 14 (51), 101-118 (In Persian).
Ghaffari, A., & Afroz, B. (2014). Modeling the Evaluation of Urban Management Performance in Framing for Entrepreneurship Using Fuzzy Logic (Case Study: Ardabil City). Entrepreneurship Development, 7 (3), 549-568 (In Persian).
Habibpour, K., & Safari, R. (2009). Comprehensive Manual for Using SPSS In Survey Research. Tehran: Loyeh, Motafacceran (In Persian).
Hamilton, R., & Jordan, L. (2010). Learning Cities: The United Kingdom Experience, Heritage. Regional Development and Social Cohesion, International ConferenceTuesday 22 to Thursday 24 June, Östersund, Sweden.
Hoseini, S.A., & Bahrami, Y. (2012). The Effect of Urban Spatial Structure on the Consumption Behavior of Citizens. Journal of Applied Geosciences Research, 11(28), 243-267 (In Persian).
International Conference on Learning Cities, Lifelong Learning forall (n.d). Inclusion, Prosperity and sustainability in cities, 21-23 October 2013, Beijing, China.
Irandoust, K., & Gholamizarchi, M. (2015). Promote the Presence and Participation of People Through the Introduction of Public Spaces of the Creative City (Case Study: Yazd City). Journal of Fine Arts- Architecture, 20 (2) 47-58 (In Persian).
Kearns, P. (2015). Learning cities on the move Australian. Journal of Adult Learning, 55 (1), 153-168.
Keyghobadi, M., Fakhrayi, M., Alavi, S.S., & Zavvari, S.A. (2008). Understanding the Cultural Industry. First Edition, Qom: Asef Publications (In Persian).
Landry, ch. (2000). The creative city: A Toolkit for Urban Innovators. London: Comedia/ Earthscan
Longworth, Norman. (2006). Learning Cities, LearningRegions, Learning Communities, Lifelong Learning and Local Government, Routledge.
Mokhtari Malekabadi, R., Saghayi, M., & Iman, F. (2014). Rating the Fifteen Regions of Isfahan in Terms of Indicators of Creative City Using Regional Planning Models. Research and Urban Planning, 5 (16), 105-120 (In Persian).
Molayi, M., & Habibiyan, S., & Janalizadeh, M. (2012). Providing an Interactive Model in the Knowledge-based Society on the Formation of Knowledge Based Businesses in the Horizon 2025, National Conference on Entrepreneurship and Business Knowledge Management, Mazandaran University (In Persian).
Mousavi, M. (2014). Ranking of Sardasht Neighborhood in Terms of Moving Towards Creativity with an Emphasis on the Realization of the Creativity City Using Topsis ana ANP. Geography and Territorial Spatial Arrangement, 10, 19-38.
OECD. (1992). City strategies for lifelong learning Second Congress of Educating Cities held in Gothenburg, November.
Pourahmad, A., Hamidi, A., Farhadi, E., & Hoseinpour, M. (2016). Evaluating the Challenges and Opportunities of Creating a Creative City in Free-Trade Zones (Free-Trade Zone of Aras). Human Settlement Planning Studies, 11 (37), 1-18 (In Persian).
Rafieyan, M. (2010). Antroduction to Creative Regions and Cities. Municipalities, 11( 100), 12-15 (In Persian).
Rahimi, M., Moradali, M., Daha, E., Fallahzadeh, A. (2013). Creative City (Theoreticals and Indicators) Center for Study and Planning of Tehran City. Danesh shahr of Journal, 159-180 (In Persian).
Reghenzani-Kearns, D., & Kearns, P. (2012) Lifelong learning in German learning cities/regions. Australian Journal of Adult Learning, 52 (2), 336-367.
Saeedi, H. (2010). Creative City. Municipalities, 11 (100), 5-11.
Shabiyan, P., & Rahgozar, E. (2012). Link the Creative Environment with the City. Manzar, 19, 67-73 (In Persian).
Simmie, J. (2005). Innovation, Networks and Learning Regions?, Regional Studies Association, Regional Policy and Development 18. Jessica Kingsley Publishers, London and Bristol, Pennsylvania, Regional Studies Association, London.
Simmie, J. (2012). Learning City Regions: Theory and Practice in Private and Public Sector Spatial Planning, Planning Practice and Research. Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 1-17, http:// www.tandfonline.com/loi/cppr20.
Tajudeen, I. (2008). JENESYS Program Report, Conference of Urban CommunityDevelopment Inspired by Culture: The Potential of Creative Cities, July 29 - August 7, 2008. Published by The Japan Foundation.p 60.
Unesco. (2015). UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities, Guiding Documents, UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (UIL), Hamburg, Germany.
_||_Abdollahpour, J., Mokhtarpour, H., & Mokhtarpour, R. (2012). Participation of Tehran Citizens in the Field of Manicipal Duties (Casae Study: Tehran Municipality Fourth District). Urban Management Quarterly, 31, 157-174 (In Persian).
Akbarimotlagh, M. (2011). Investigating the Dimensions of Creative City Theory and It´s Influence on Sustainable Urban Development with Emphasis o Global Experiencecs. Conference on Sustainable Architecture and Urban Development (In Persian).
Barati, N., & Sameni, A. (2011). Educating City, Necessities and Soiutions. Tehran Municipality: Center for Study and Planning of Tehran City (In Persian).
Bayat, S., Gholipour, A., & pourezzat, A. (2012). Identification of Effective Factors in the Formation of The learning City in the 6th district of Tehran, Urban Management Quarterly, 11 (31), 139-156 (In Persian).
Berridge, J. (2006). The Creative City. Plan, p 21.
Bianchini, F., & Landry, Ch. (1997). The Creative City,Working Pager3:Indicators of a Creative City A Methodologhy for Assessing Urban Viability and Vitality. Published by Comedia The Round, Bournes Green, Nr Stroud Gl os.GL6 7NL.
Candy, P. (2005). Life Long learning: critical, desirable or just a good idea. address to Adult Learning Australia’s Adult learners, week.
Coletta, C. (2008). Fostering the Creative City. CEOS for cities. August 2008, p4.
Di Sivo, M., & Ladiana, D. (2010). Towards a learning city the neighborhood lab and the lab net. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2, 5349-5356. Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
Divandari, A., Kermanshah, A., & Ekhlasi, A. (2012). Introducing a Branding Model for Major Recreational, Residential. Tourism and Sports Projects of the County with Native Approach Based on Data Theory, Journal of Commerical letter of Inquiry, 65, 27- 64 (In Persian).
Dixon, N. (1994). The Organizational Learning Cycle: How We Can Learn Collectively. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill.
Ebrahimi, M. (2008). Creative City Meeting: Concepts, Policies, A Case Study of Successful and UnSuccessful Cities. Center for Study and Planning of Tehran City, Niavaran Cultural Center (In Persian).
Ebrahimzadeh, I. (1994). Adult Education, Tehran, Payamenoor University (In Persian).
Emami, M., & Saeidi, M. (2009). The Role of Universities In Reaching the Horizons of The Vision of 1404 and A Knowledge-based Society. Journal of Work and Society, 110, 58-63 (In Persian).
Fotohi Mehrabani, B., Kalantari, M., & Rajayi, S.A. (2016). Crative City and Indicators of Iranian Creative City. Journal of Geography, New Course, 14 (51), 101-118 (In Persian).
Ghaffari, A., & Afroz, B. (2014). Modeling the Evaluation of Urban Management Performance in Framing for Entrepreneurship Using Fuzzy Logic (Case Study: Ardabil City). Entrepreneurship Development, 7 (3), 549-568 (In Persian).
Habibpour, K., & Safari, R. (2009). Comprehensive Manual for Using SPSS In Survey Research. Tehran: Loyeh, Motafacceran (In Persian).
Hamilton, R., & Jordan, L. (2010). Learning Cities: The United Kingdom Experience, Heritage. Regional Development and Social Cohesion, International ConferenceTuesday 22 to Thursday 24 June, Östersund, Sweden.
Hoseini, S.A., & Bahrami, Y. (2012). The Effect of Urban Spatial Structure on the Consumption Behavior of Citizens. Journal of Applied Geosciences Research, 11(28), 243-267 (In Persian).
International Conference on Learning Cities, Lifelong Learning forall (n.d). Inclusion, Prosperity and sustainability in cities, 21-23 October 2013, Beijing, China.
Irandoust, K., & Gholamizarchi, M. (2015). Promote the Presence and Participation of People Through the Introduction of Public Spaces of the Creative City (Case Study: Yazd City). Journal of Fine Arts- Architecture, 20 (2) 47-58 (In Persian).
Kearns, P. (2015). Learning cities on the move Australian. Journal of Adult Learning, 55 (1), 153-168.
Keyghobadi, M., Fakhrayi, M., Alavi, S.S., & Zavvari, S.A. (2008). Understanding the Cultural Industry. First Edition, Qom: Asef Publications (In Persian).
Landry, ch. (2000). The creative city: A Toolkit for Urban Innovators. London: Comedia/ Earthscan
Longworth, Norman. (2006). Learning Cities, LearningRegions, Learning Communities, Lifelong Learning and Local Government, Routledge.
Mokhtari Malekabadi, R., Saghayi, M., & Iman, F. (2014). Rating the Fifteen Regions of Isfahan in Terms of Indicators of Creative City Using Regional Planning Models. Research and Urban Planning, 5 (16), 105-120 (In Persian).
Molayi, M., & Habibiyan, S., & Janalizadeh, M. (2012). Providing an Interactive Model in the Knowledge-based Society on the Formation of Knowledge Based Businesses in the Horizon 2025, National Conference on Entrepreneurship and Business Knowledge Management, Mazandaran University (In Persian).
Mousavi, M. (2014). Ranking of Sardasht Neighborhood in Terms of Moving Towards Creativity with an Emphasis on the Realization of the Creativity City Using Topsis ana ANP. Geography and Territorial Spatial Arrangement, 10, 19-38.
OECD. (1992). City strategies for lifelong learning Second Congress of Educating Cities held in Gothenburg, November.
Pourahmad, A., Hamidi, A., Farhadi, E., & Hoseinpour, M. (2016). Evaluating the Challenges and Opportunities of Creating a Creative City in Free-Trade Zones (Free-Trade Zone of Aras). Human Settlement Planning Studies, 11 (37), 1-18 (In Persian).
Rafieyan, M. (2010). Antroduction to Creative Regions and Cities. Municipalities, 11( 100), 12-15 (In Persian).
Rahimi, M., Moradali, M., Daha, E., Fallahzadeh, A. (2013). Creative City (Theoreticals and Indicators) Center for Study and Planning of Tehran City. Danesh shahr of Journal, 159-180 (In Persian).
Reghenzani-Kearns, D., & Kearns, P. (2012) Lifelong learning in German learning cities/regions. Australian Journal of Adult Learning, 52 (2), 336-367.
Saeedi, H. (2010). Creative City. Municipalities, 11 (100), 5-11.
Shabiyan, P., & Rahgozar, E. (2012). Link the Creative Environment with the City. Manzar, 19, 67-73 (In Persian).
Simmie, J. (2005). Innovation, Networks and Learning Regions?, Regional Studies Association, Regional Policy and Development 18. Jessica Kingsley Publishers, London and Bristol, Pennsylvania, Regional Studies Association, London.
Simmie, J. (2012). Learning City Regions: Theory and Practice in Private and Public Sector Spatial Planning, Planning Practice and Research. Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 1-17, http:// www.tandfonline.com/loi/cppr20.
Tajudeen, I. (2008). JENESYS Program Report, Conference of Urban CommunityDevelopment Inspired by Culture: The Potential of Creative Cities, July 29 - August 7, 2008. Published by The Japan Foundation.p 60.
Unesco. (2015). UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities, Guiding Documents, UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (UIL), Hamburg, Germany.