تأثیر جنگ تحمیلی بر روند رشد و توسعه اقتصادی سکونتگاه‌های روستایی (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان‌قصر شیرین)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ایقدیر فیروزنیا 1 , الهام جاسمی 2 , بهروز قرنی آرانی 3
1 - دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
2 - دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
3 - استادیارگروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: توسعه اقتصادی, جنگ, روستا, قصرشیرین,
چکیده مقاله :
جنگ علاوه بر آثاری که در زمان وقوع بر جای می‌گذارد می‌تواند آثار درازمدتی بر روند رشد و توسعهء اقتصادی سکونتگاه‌ها برجا گذارد. که بعضاً اثر درازمدت آن بیش از آثاری است که به صورت مستقیم و غیرمستقیم در زمان وقوع بر جای گذاشته است. در تحقیق حاضر سعی شده است که تأثیر بروز جنگ تحمیلی بر روند توسعهء اقتصادی روستاهای منتخب شهرستان مرزی قصرشیرین بررسی شود. این پژوهش که مبتنی بر روش تحقیق توصیفی و تحلیلی و با تکمیل 214 پرسشنامه خانوار و افراد خبره محلی و شورای اسلامی در روستاهای جنگ‌زده مورد مطالعه انجام پذیرفته است، مشخص می‌سازد که جنگ تحمیلی عراق علیه ایران سبب بروز تغییرات شدیدی در ابعاد اقتصادی بویژه اشتغال، رکود فعالیت‌های اقتصادی، تخریب زیرساخت‌ها و همچنین عدم امکان استفاده از اراضی کشاورزی و کاهش جمعیت داشته و در مقابل روند توسعه کالبدی روستاها در نتیجه اجرای برنامهء بازسازی در روستاهایی که بازسازی شده تسریع شده است. اما در مجموع می‌توان اذعان داشت که بروز جنگ تحمیلی سبب کندی روند رشد و توسعهء شهرستان قصرشیرین شده است.
Sometimes long-term effects are more than direct and indirect effects in time of war. In this article, the effect of the imposed war on trend of economic development of selected villages in the border Qasreshirin County was reviewed. The main question is: what are the effects of Iraqi imposed war against Iran on growth and economic development of rural areas of Qasreshirin County? The data used is collected using documentary and field survey. 199 questionnaires for households and 15 for rural experts living in rural areas have been used in the field study. The population study is 1085 households in 33 war-torn villages of this County. Of these villages, 15 villages and 214 households from these villages were determined as sample. For hypothesis test and measure the impact of the war in rural settlements, responses to locutions were combined using “Compute Variable” and eventually it was tested using one sample T-test. The results showed that war has been affected on the region's economic indicators and caused slow growth and economic development of Qasreshirin County. In addition to direct damage in time of war, other numerous damages have left. According to the results it can be said that in addition some effects of war has left several generations, some of the economic effects of war are still visible in the villages and after these years has not been compensated. Hence it need provide necessary conditions for the development of the village with special attention.
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Pourahmad, A. (1998). Geographical dimensions of war damage. Geographical Research Journal, 35, 82-94. (In Persian)
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Salimi, S. H., Majdiyan, M., & Karaminiya, R. (2007). Depression in prisons of the Iraqi imposed war against Iran. Journal of Military Medicine, 9, 179-187. (In Persian)
Seifzadeh, S. H. (2011). Foundations and intellectual forms of theorizing in international relations. Tehran: Samt Publications. (In Persian)
Sheykhipour, M. H. (2000). Impact of war on crime (Criminology). MA thesis. University of Qom. Faculty of Law. Department of Criminal Law and Criminology. (In Persian)
Shirzadi, R. (2007). Overview of Persian Gulf Wars. Tehran: Sarir. (In Persian)
Shojaee Deukalaii, S. H. (2010). The consequences of the Second World War on Iran industrialization policy. History of Iran, 7 (5/65), 71-92. (In Persian)
Statistical Center of Iran. (1956, 1966, 1976, 1996, 2006). Encyclopedia of Counties in Iran, Kermanshah province. Tehran: Statistical Center of Iran. (In Persian)
Torabi, A. M. (1990). Evolutions of global economy, The economic effects of Persian Gulf War on the parties. Economic News Magazine, 14, 61-62. (In Persian)
Zanjani, H. (1989). Population of Iran’s cities: a guidebook (1956-1991). Tehran: Center for Urban Studies and Architecture of Iran, Department of Housing and Urban Development. (In Persian)
Zarvandi, M. (2005). Economic Analysis of war. Defense Policy Quarterly, 13 (51), 156-161. (In Persian)
_||_Adibi-Sedeh, M. (2005). Sociology of war and military forces. Tehran: Smat Publications. (In Persian)
Akhavan Kazmi, M. (2001). Analysis of the economic consequences of the war between Iran and Iraq. Security and Defense Studies Quarterly, 27, 81-112. (In Persian)
Campaign war. (1989). Abstracts. International Conference of aggression and defense, Volume I: explains the theoretical foundations of war and defense, and Volume II: political aspects and issues of international law, Tehran. (In Persian)
Dezhpasand, Farhad. (2001). Analysis of the evolution of human development indicators during the Iran-Iraq war. Defense and Security Studies, 27, 33-54. (In Persian)
Dezhpasand, F., & Raufi, H. R. (2008). Iran's economy during the imposed war. Tehran: Center for War Studies. (In Persian)
Dorudian, M. (2008). War, restore stability. Tehran: Center for War Studies. Ettelaat Newspaper; August 9, 1980. (In Persian)
Goldson, E. (1996). The Effect of War on Children. Child Abuse and Neglect, 9 (20), 809-819.
Governor of Kermanshah. (1993). Statistics, QasreShirin County. (In Persian)
Housing and Urban Development. (2003). Statistics, Kermanshah province, QasreShirin County. (In Persian)
Jamshidi, F. (2001). Unemployment among immigrants, war and its consequences. Journal of Economics, 41, 52-56. (In Persian)
Justino, P. (2010). War and Poverty. Microcon Research, 32, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1666787 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1666787.
Khodsiyani, M., & Khanahmdi, E. (2013). The role of the spirit in the Holy War and future war. Journal of Defense Strategy, 11 (42), 67-100. (In Persian)
Larijani, E. (2009). Familiarity with the Holy Defense. Qom: Khadem al-Reza Publications. (In Persian)
Milward, Alan S. (1996). War, economy and society. Translator: Sayyed Hossein Mirjalili. Tehran: Imam Hossein University Publications. (In Persian)
Monty G. M. (2002). Measuring the Societal Impact of War. Chapter 4 in Fen Osler Hampson and David Malone, eds., From Reaction to Conflict Prevention: Opportunities for the UN System. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers for the International Peace Academy.
Nazem, B. (2001). Economic losses in the imposed war. Defense and Security Journal, 8 (27), 165-218. (In Persian)
Pourahmad, A. (1998). Geographical dimensions of war damage. Geographical Research Journal, 35, 82-94. (In Persian)
Pourahmadi, H., & Rezaei, M. (2012). The transformation of the history of warfare: from traditional to modern patterns. Defense Strategy Quarterly, 10 (36), 175-214. (In Persian)
Rafiei, A. (2003). Bostan in the war. Tehran: Nazir Publications. (in Persian)
Rahimi, H. (2006). From the fall of Ganjeh to Khorramshahr conquest. Tehran: Sarir. (In Persian)
Rahimi, Z. (2009). The effects and consequences of the war of the cities in Iran. Negin Iran Quarterly Journal of Holy Defense Studies, 8, 53-70. (In Persian)
Riedel, B. (2013). Lessons from America’s First War with Iran. Brookings Available at https://www.brookings.edu/articles/lessons-from-americas-first-war-with-iran.
Safa-Taj, M. (2011). Palestine. Tehran: Madreseh Publications. (In Persian)
Salimi, S. H., Majdiyan, M., & Karaminiya, R. (2007). Depression in prisons of the Iraqi imposed war against Iran. Journal of Military Medicine, 9, 179-187. (In Persian)
Seifzadeh, S. H. (2011). Foundations and intellectual forms of theorizing in international relations. Tehran: Samt Publications. (In Persian)
Sheykhipour, M. H. (2000). Impact of war on crime (Criminology). MA thesis. University of Qom. Faculty of Law. Department of Criminal Law and Criminology. (In Persian)
Shirzadi, R. (2007). Overview of Persian Gulf Wars. Tehran: Sarir. (In Persian)
Shojaee Deukalaii, S. H. (2010). The consequences of the Second World War on Iran industrialization policy. History of Iran, 7 (5/65), 71-92. (In Persian)
Statistical Center of Iran. (1956, 1966, 1976, 1996, 2006). Encyclopedia of Counties in Iran, Kermanshah province. Tehran: Statistical Center of Iran. (In Persian)
Torabi, A. M. (1990). Evolutions of global economy, The economic effects of Persian Gulf War on the parties. Economic News Magazine, 14, 61-62. (In Persian)
Zanjani, H. (1989). Population of Iran’s cities: a guidebook (1956-1991). Tehran: Center for Urban Studies and Architecture of Iran, Department of Housing and Urban Development. (In Persian)
Zarvandi, M. (2005). Economic Analysis of war. Defense Policy Quarterly, 13 (51), 156-161. (In Persian)