List of Articles I. Elezaj, , ,

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  1 - Removal of Zn2+ and Cr6+from waste water Samples, using natural Iranian (Aftar) Zeolites
  S. Peyravi,, R. Zahiri K. Moradi Hersini
  10.22034/jchr.2011.543967
  This paper concerns the removal of Zn2+ and Cr6+ ions from waste water using a naturally occurring zeolite from semnan region in Iran. A continuous fixed-column study was carried out by using zeolite as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Zn2+ and Cr6+ ions from aqu More

  This paper concerns the removal of Zn2+ and Cr6+ ions from waste water using a naturally occurring zeolite from semnan region in Iran. A continuous fixed-column study was carried out by using zeolite as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Zn2+ and Cr6+ ions from aqueous solution under the effect of various process parameters such as, grain size and time. The efficiency of removal is higher for Zn than Cr ions. The Zn2+ and Cr6+ ions uptake by zeolite increased with initial ions concentration and column height, but decreased as the flow rate increased. The adsorption capacity reached a maximum at grain size of 0.71mm. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Metal bioaccumulation, enzymatic activity, total protein and hematology of feral pigeon (Columba livia), living in the courtyard of Ferronickel smelter in Drenas
  I. Elezaj, , , Q. Selimi K. Letaj A. Plakiq
  10.22034/jchr.2011.543964
  This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of  Ferronickel smelter in concentration  of lead, cadmium, zinc, copper and nickel in tissue of femur, tibia, liver kidney and testes, levels of plasma alanin aminotransferase (ALT), aspartat aminotransferase (AST), a More

  This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of  Ferronickel smelter in concentration  of lead, cadmium, zinc, copper and nickel in tissue of femur, tibia, liver kidney and testes, levels of plasma alanin aminotransferase (ALT), aspartat aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AP) blood δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D), serum total proteins, hematocrit and hemoglobin in Feral  pigeons.  Pb was detectable only in tissues of femur and tibia; Cd and Cu in liver and kidney, Zn in all tissues while Ni only in tissues of pigeons of courtyard smelter. Zn concentration was significantly higher (P<0.05) in kidney of courtyard smelter in comparison with reference. Plasma AP was significantly higher (P<0.001) in pigeons of reference in comparison with pigeons of courtyard smelter, while ALT and AST were relatively unchanged. The ALA-D activity of pigeons from courtyard of smelter was significantly inhibited (P<0.001) and an inverse correlation between Pb concentration in femur and tibia and ALA-D activity (r = -877; P<0.001; r = -0.787; P<0.01) was established. The total serum proteins of pigeons of courtyard of smelter was significantly lower (P<0.001). Hematocrit and haemoglobin were unchanged. Suggestion: Feral pigeons as worth biomonitoring organisms for evaluation of environmental pollution based on Ferronickel industry. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Synthesis and Characterization of Anionic Polyester-Polyurethane Dispersion as Environmentally-Friendly Waterbased Resins
  Najaf i F. Manouchehri F., and Shaabanz
  10.22034/jchr.2012.543976
  Aqueous polyurethane dispersions (PUDs) have recently emerged as important alternatives to their solvent-based counterparts for various applications due to increasing health and environmental awareness (green chemistry). Anionic polyester-polyurethane dispersions were s More

  Aqueous polyurethane dispersions (PUDs) have recently emerged as important alternatives to their solvent-based counterparts for various applications due to increasing health and environmental awareness (green chemistry). Anionic polyester-polyurethane dispersions were synthesized by three steps. In the first step, macromonomer diisocyanate having carboxylic acid was prepared by isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) in percent of acetone as solvent and dibutyldtin dilaurate (DBTDL) as catalyst. Then, carboxylic polyurethane was prepared by reaction macromonomer diisocyanate having carboxylic acid with linear aliphatic polyester (Mw=2000), trifunctional polyester (Mw=2800) and butanediol (BDO) as chain extender. The next step involved neutralization and dispersion in water, where acidic polyurethane was neutralized by the addition of triethylamine (TEA).  Factors influencing the synthesis of polyurethane dispersion mainly involve reaction temperature, reaction time, the concentration of catalyst, DMPA content and BDO content, were studied. The polymers have been characterized with DSC and FTIR. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Acute Genotoxic Effects of Effluent Water of Thermo-Power Plant “Kosova” In Tradescantia Pallida
  I.R. Elezaj L.B. Millaku R.H. Imeri-Millaku Q.I. Selimi K. Rr. Letaj
  10.22034/jchr.2011.543969
  The aim of this study was the evaluation of acute genotoxic effect of effluent water of thermo-power plant by means of Tradescantia root tips micronucleus test (MN), mitotic index and cell aberrations.   Tradescantia, was experimentally treated (for 24 h), with efflue More

  The aim of this study was the evaluation of acute genotoxic effect of effluent water of thermo-power plant by means of Tradescantia root tips micronucleus test (MN), mitotic index and cell aberrations.   Tradescantia, was experimentally treated (for 24 h), with effluent water of thermo-power plant in different dilution ratios (negative control – distilled water; primary untreated effluent water and 1:1; 1:2; 1:3; 1:4; 1:5; 1:6 and 1:7 respectively). Number of aberrant cells, and frequency of micronuclei (MN), in meristematic root tip cells of treated plants (Tradescantia), were significantly increased (P<0.001; P<0.001 respectively), while the mitotic index in all treated plants was progressively decreased in comparison to the negative control. The results of present study indicate that Tradescantia root-tip micronucleus assay with direct exposure of intact plants is an appropriate method which enables to detect genotoxic effects of effluent waters. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Determination of Mercury in Fish (Otollithes ruber) and Canned Tuna Fish Marketed in Khuzestan and Shiraz,
  A. Behzadnia E. Rahimi
  10.22034/jchr.2012.543980
  In this study mercury was determined in canned tuna fish produced and distributed in Iran after digestion by the standard methods of AOAC. Mercury contents in fish and canned tuna fish were determined by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The metal contents More

  In this study mercury was determined in canned tuna fish produced and distributed in Iran after digestion by the standard methods of AOAC. Mercury contents in fish and canned tuna fish were determined by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The metal contents expressed in mg/kg wet weight for mercury varied from 0.017 to 0.394 (average of 0. 089) and 0.023 to 0.529 (average of 0.146) in fish and canned tuna fish, respectively. The values were comparable and in the range of with the literature valves. The results of this study indicate that fish and tuna fish of produced and marketed in Iran have concentrations well below the standards FAO/WHO levels of these toxic metals and only one tuna samples exceeded the European dietary limit of 0.5 mg Hg/kg. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Removal of Blue 56 by Orange Peel from the Waste Water
  M. R. Fat’hi A. Zolfi
  10.22034/jchr.2012.543982
  The use of orange peel as low-cost and eco-friendly adsorbents has been investigated as an ideal alternative to the current expensive methods of removing dyes from wastewater. This paper concerns with the removal of Blue 56 from aqueous solutions by orange peel. The eff More

  The use of orange peel as low-cost and eco-friendly adsorbents has been investigated as an ideal alternative to the current expensive methods of removing dyes from wastewater. This paper concerns with the removal of Blue 56 from aqueous solutions by orange peel. The effects of pH, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, and particle size of adsorbent, temperature and also isotherm data analysis and adsorption kinetics were investigated. A maximum removal of 96.76% was obtained at pH 2.5 for an adsorbent dose of 0.2 mg. Rate of adsorption was found to conform to pseudo-second-order kinetics with a good correlation (R2=0.99). The maximumadsorption capacity obtained from Langmuir equation was9.69 (mgg-1). Manuscript profile
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  7 - Removal of Dye (Blue 56) From Aqueous Solution via Adsorption onto Pistachio Shell: kinetic and isotherm study of removal process
  A. Ravanpaykar A. Asfaram M. R. Fathi emadabadi
  10.22034/jchr.2012.543987
  In the present investigation, shells of pistachio are used as adsorbents and they have been successfully used for the removal of Blue 56, from water samples. The effect of various parameters such as: pH, amounts of adsorbents, size of adsorbent particles and contact tim More

  In the present investigation, shells of pistachio are used as adsorbents and they have been successfully used for the removal of Blue 56, from water samples. The effect of various parameters such as: pH, amounts of adsorbents, size of adsorbent particles and contact time on removal processing were investigated. Inthisstudy Freundlichabsorptionisotherms and Langmuir were investigated. The experimental data were correlated reasonably well by the Freundlich adsorption isotherm and isotherm parameters were calculated. In order to investigate the efficiency of Blue 56 adsorption on the pistachio shell, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich and intra-particle diffusion kinetic models were studied. Themodel that hadgoodcorrelationtoattractFreundlichwas chosenasthemodel. Its kineticsfollowsthepseudosecond order reaction. Manuscript profile
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  8 - Kinetics and Isotherm of Sunset Yellow Dye Adsorption on Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticle Loaded on Activated Carbon
  N. Mosallanejad A. Arami
  10.22034/jchr.2012.543986
  The objective of this study was to assess the potential of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles loaded onto activated carbon (CdSN-AC) for the removal of sunset yellow (SY) dye from aqueous solution. Adsorption studies were conducted in a batch mode varying solution pH, contac More

  The objective of this study was to assess the potential of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles loaded onto activated carbon (CdSN-AC) for the removal of sunset yellow (SY) dye from aqueous solution. Adsorption studies were conducted in a batch mode varying solution pH, contact time, initial dye concentration, CdSN-AC dose. In order to investigate the efficiency of SY adsorption on CdSN-AC, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order kinetic models were studied. It was observed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model fits better than other kinetic models with good correlation coefficient. Equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir model. It was found that the sorption of SY onto CdSN-AC is followed by these results.  Manuscript profile
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  9 - Extraction and PerconcentrationLead (II) Using Octadecyl Bonded Silica Cartridge and Determination by FAAS
  Moghimi A. Shaabanzadeh M.
  10.22034/jchr.2012.543978
  A simple method has been developed for the preconcentration of Lead (II) based on the adsorption of its 1-(2-Pyridyl Azo)2-Naphtol (PAN) complex on aOctadecyl bonded silica cartridges. The influence of acidity, eluting agents, stability of the column, sample volume and More

  A simple method has been developed for the preconcentration of Lead (II) based on the adsorption of its 1-(2-Pyridyl Azo)2-Naphtol (PAN) complex on aOctadecyl bonded silica cartridges. The influence of acidity, eluting agents, stability of the column, sample volume and interfering ions has been investigated in detail. The adsorbed complex could be eluted using environmentally benign HNO34M and the concentration of Lead (II) was determined flame atomic absorption spectrometry. A detection limit of 50 µgL−1 could be achieved and the developed procedure was successfully applied for the determination of Lead (II) in tap water and waste water samples.  Manuscript profile
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  10 - Investigation of heavy metals (Cadmium, Lead) in Chironomidae and Gammarus pulex Namrood River – Tehran Province
  Rezaei M. Kamali A. and Shapoori M.
  10.22034/jchr.2012.543979
  Marine ecosystem pollution is one of the important problems of today environment. In this study the existence of heavy metal in the Namrood River, situated in Firoozkooh in Tehran province, Iran has been investigated. The Namrood River is located near Firoozkooh route, More

  Marine ecosystem pollution is one of the important problems of today environment. In this study the existence of heavy metal in the Namrood River, situated in Firoozkooh in Tehran province, Iran has been investigated. The Namrood River is located near Firoozkooh route, and is affected by pollutant from tourist centers, entertainment, gas stations, nearby villages’ sewage systems, farming effluent, and hatchery farms. In some areas, its water is heavily polluted possibly by heavy metals. After selecting two stations in upstream and downstream of the river, they were sampled three times in both cold and hot seasons of year (mid-March, and June) for Chironomidae, and Gammarus plux sediments. The measured heavy metals were cadmium and lead. The results showed that the concentration of cadmium in measured samples varied from 0.010-0.2033 ppm. The concentration of lead in samples varied from 0.11-2.16 ppm. The results also indicated that sediments of samples taken from the upper station in the cold season had a higher proportion of cadmium and a higher concentration of lead  than  sediments in the lower station during the hot season. Manuscript profile
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  11 - Separation of Mercury Resistant Bacteria from Wastewater of Milk, Detergent and Ceramic Industry
  M. Moghbeli F. Shakeri H. Hashemi-Moghaddam
  10.22034/jchr.2011.543968
  Use of microorganisms for removing mercury is an effective technology for the treatment of industrial wastewaters and can become an effective tool for the remediation of man-impacted coastal ecosystems with this metal. In this study, seven types of mercury resistant bac More

  Use of microorganisms for removing mercury is an effective technology for the treatment of industrial wastewaters and can become an effective tool for the remediation of man-impacted coastal ecosystems with this metal. In this study, seven types of mercury resistant bacteria were separated from industrial waste and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), were determined for these bacteria. Results showed that two strains of bacteria, which isolated from waste water detergent plants, are more resistant to mercury and able to grow at the presence of 52 ppm of mercuric chloride. These bacteria could be used for biological treatment of mercury in contaminated wastewater. Manuscript profile
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  12 - Investigation of Kinetics and Equilibrium Isotherms of Direct Red 12B Dye Adsorption on Hazelnut Shells
  Fathi M. R. Asfaram A.
  10.22034/jchr.2012.543973
  In this work, efficiency and performance of Hazelnut shells (HS) adsorbent was examined for the removal and recovery of Direct Red 12B (DR12B) from wastewater. The absorbance of DR12B was measured spectrophotometrically at λmax=523 nm before and after adsorption of DR1 More

  In this work, efficiency and performance of Hazelnut shells (HS) adsorbent was examined for the removal and recovery of Direct Red 12B (DR12B) from wastewater. The absorbance of DR12B was measured spectrophotometrically at λmax=523 nm before and after adsorption of DR12B. The maximum removal was 99.8% for 30 mg L–1 ofDR12B concentration on 0.3 gr HS adsorbent. Acidic pH was favourable for the adsorption of DR12B. The influence of variables including pH, concentration dye, particle size, amount of adsorbent, temperature, in column method and kinetics, isotherm, contact time on the dye removal has been investigated in batch method by one at a time optimization method. The effect of foreign cations, anions and other dyes was investigated on removal efficiency. In order to investigate the efficiency of DR12B adsorption on the HS, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich and intra-particle diffusion kinetic models were studied. The graphical correlation of various adsorption isotherm models like, Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin have been carried out for this adsorbent. Manuscript profile
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  13 - Presence of Aflatoxin M1 in Pasteurized and UHT Milk Commercialized in Shiraz, Khuzestan and Yazd, Iran
  E. Rahimi Z. Nilchian A. Behzadnia
  10.22034/jchr.2012.543966
  Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a hydroxylated metabolite of the carcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and may be found in the milk of lactating animals that have ingested feedstuffs contaminated with AFB1 Between Jun 2010 and March 2011, 149 samples of pasteurized (n=90) and UHT (n=5 More

  Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a hydroxylated metabolite of the carcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and may be found in the milk of lactating animals that have ingested feedstuffs contaminated with AFB1 Between Jun 2010 and March 2011, 149 samples of pasteurized (n=90) and UHT (n=59) milk were collected from supermarkets in the cities of Shiraz, Khuzestan and Yazed, Iran. All samples were analyzed for AFM1 contamination by ELISA and 142 (95.3%) were positive with mean concentrations 41 ng.l-1. These concentrations are lower than the standads of Codex Alimentarius and FDA (500 ng.l-1), but 33 samples (22.1%) had higher concentrations than the maximum tolerance accepted by some European countries (50 ng.l-1). Mean concentrations of AFM1 in pasteurized and UHT milk were 39 and 46 ng.l-1, respectively. Mean concentrations of AFM1 in fall and winter samples were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of summer but differences between AFM1 concentrations of fall and winter samples were not significantly different. No significant differences in Concentrations of AFM1 in milk samples between Shiraz, Khuzestan and Yazd. Considering the results, this survey revealed a high frequency of AFM1 contamination in milk samples from central part of Iran. Manuscript profile
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  14 - Study of Stability and Dispersibility of Oxidized Multiwall Carbon Nanotube and Characterization with Analytical Methods for Bioapplication
  Kopaieemalek S. Yusof A.M., Abdul Rashid N.A, Abbasi M.J., and Kopaiee Malek T.
  10.22034/jchr.2012.543975
  Nanotechnology is the study of manipulating matter on an atomic and molecular scale. Generally, nanotechnology deals with developing materials, devices, or other structures possessing at least one dimension size from 1 to 100 nanometers.  Carbon nanotubes have great po More

  Nanotechnology is the study of manipulating matter on an atomic and molecular scale. Generally, nanotechnology deals with developing materials, devices, or other structures possessing at least one dimension size from 1 to 100 nanometers.  Carbon nanotubes have great potentials for novel applications in industry, drug delivery system and many other uses. In this work after purification, multiwall carbon nanotube was functionalized in acids by liquid phase oxidation method for drug delivery system. The structural and chemical changes after carboxylation of MWNTs improved the solubility and dispersibility of the carboxylated MWNTs in water. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopies were carried out for characterization of these methods of MWCNTs functionalization. Manuscript profile
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  15 - Histopathology of Inhalation of Industrial Bleach and Detergent Mixture on Epithelial Layer of Trachea in Mice
  Gh. Vaezi F. Aliabadi Ab. shiravi M. pourkazem F. Toosi
  10.22034/jchr.2011.543970
  This study is the effects of inhalation toxic mixture of bleach and detergent was examined on the epithelial layer of trachea in the mice. In this study, 42 adult male mice NMRI race weighing 35-40 gr and from age 8 to 10 weeks were divided into 6 experimental groups an More

  This study is the effects of inhalation toxic mixture of bleach and detergent was examined on the epithelial layer of trachea in the mice. In this study, 42 adult male mice NMRI race weighing 35-40 gr and from age 8 to 10 weeks were divided into 6 experimental groups and one control group. Experimental groups 1-2-3 with the using of chamber, as inhalation 20 minutes were exposure to spray the amount 1 cc of mixture of bleach and detergent by nebulizer. Experimental groups 4-5-6 were for 35 minutes to inhale the same amount of material. Mice killed at 24-48-72 hours after inhalation and the trachea was studied pathology. In microscopic sections of tissue taken from the trachea the experimental group compared with the control group was changed to include: stimulation and activation of the respiratory epithelium hungarian (Mocusa layer), reducing the length of ciliated columnar cells, reducing the number of goblet cells ,loss of cilia, chaos and clutter on the order of tissue. In addition, statistically, the changes in length of ciliated columnar epithelium cells in experimental groups 3 and 6 seen significantly decreased than control group and the number of experimental groups 2 and 4 goblet cells significantly increased compared to control group, experimental group 6 was significantly decreased than the control group. As a result discussion, increasing the inhalation time of mixing bleach and detergent, also as time passed, cause to increase the tissue damage and changes. Manuscript profile
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  16 - Perconcentration of Mercury (II) from Natural Water by Activated Charcol -loaded Schiff’s Base 2-Propylpiperidine-1-Carbodithioate (PPCD) Phases
  A. Moghimi
  10.22034/jchr.2012.543977
  Activated Charcol phase loaded with 2-propylpiperidine-1-carbodithioate (PPCD) were synthesized based on chemical binding and physical adsorption approaches. The stability of a chemically modified PPCD especially in concentrated hydrochloric acid which was then used as More

  Activated Charcol phase loaded with 2-propylpiperidine-1-carbodithioate (PPCD) were synthesized based on chemical binding and physical adsorption approaches. The stability of a chemically modified PPCD especially in concentrated hydrochloric acid which was then used as a recycling and pre-concentration reagent for further uses of activated Charcol immobilized PPCD. The application of this activated Charcol for sorption of a series of metal ions was performed by using different controlling factors such as the pH of metal ion solution and the equilibration shaking time by the static technique. This difference was interpreted on the basis of selectivity incorporated in these sulfur containing activated Charcol phases. Hg (II) was found to exhibit the highest affinity towards extraction by these activated Charcol phases. The pronounced selectivity was also confirmed from the determined distribution coefficient (Kd) of all the metal ions, showing the highest value reported for mercury (II) to occur by activated Charcol immobilized PPCD phase. The potential applications of activated Charcol  immobilized PPCD phase for selective extraction of mercury(II) to occur from aqueous solution were successfully accomplished as well as pre- concentration of low concentration of Hg(II) (40 pg ml-1) from natural tap water with a pre-concentration factor of 200 for Hg(II) off-line analysis by cold vapor atomic absorption analysis. Manuscript profile
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  17 - The Investigation of the Interaction between Human Serum Transferring with Colchicine in the Presence of Pb+2 Ions: Synchronous Fluorescence Measurements
  Goldouzian Z. Goldouzian F., Momen-Heravi M. and Chamani J.
  10.22034/jchr.2012.543974
  The interaction between Holo-Transferin (HTF) and Colchicine (COL) was investigated in the present of Pb+2 ions under physiological conditions by using synchronous fluorescence spectra. The synchronous fluorescence spectra show a slight change of tryptophan residue micr More

  The interaction between Holo-Transferin (HTF) and Colchicine (COL) was investigated in the present of Pb+2 ions under physiological conditions by using synchronous fluorescence spectra. The synchronous fluorescence spectra show a slight change of tryptophan residue micro-environment. Synchronous fluorescence spectra show that the structure of the tyrosine residue environment was altered by interaction of the COL and Pb+2 ions with HTF. The fluorescence intensity of HTF decreased regularly beside a small blue shift with increasing concentrations of COL and Pb+2 ions. The intrinsic fluorescence of HTF was quenched in the presence of drug and ion. Interaction of drugs with HTF and HTF-Pb+2 can elucidate the properties of drug-protein and ion- protein complex, as it may provide useful information about the structural feature that determines the therapeutic effectiveness of ion and drugs. Therefore, it has become a significant research field in life science, chemistry, biotechnology and clinical medicine. Manuscript profile
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  18 - The Investigation of the Interaction between Lomefloxacin and Human Serume Albumin by Specteroscopic Methods
  F. S. Goldouzian Z. S. Goldouzian M. Momen Heravi J. Khanchamani
  10.22034/jchr.2012.543983
  Mechanism of the binding of lomefloxacin (LMF) with human serum albumin has been studied at physiological pH (7.4) using fluorescence spectroscopic technique. LMF is a third-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic that exhibits striking potency against a broad spectrum of More

  Mechanism of the binding of lomefloxacin (LMF) with human serum albumin has been studied at physiological pH (7.4) using fluorescence spectroscopic technique. LMF is a third-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic that exhibits striking potency against a broad spectrum of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria through inhibition of DNA gyrase. Lomefloxacin is a drug that is excreted in urine and has very variable systemic absorption. Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most important and abundant constituent of blood plasma and serves as a protein storage component. Recently, the three-dimensional structure of HSA was determined through X-ray crystallographic measurement. Fluorescence studies showed that (LMF) has an ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA through a static quenching  procedure  according to the Stern–Volmer equation .LMF showed two types of binding sites, the first having a very high affinity (1/72 ×107M-1) and a secondary binding site with an affinity two orders lower than the primary site. The number of binding sites for complex: HSA-LMF at 280 nm was calculated 1and0.5. The microenvironment of tryptophan and tyrosin residues and more hydrophobic of fluorophores microenvironment were changed and disturbed by the blue shift in maximum wavelength and decreased in fluorescence intensity in the presence of lomefloxacin revealed  decreased polarity of the fluorophores. The binding site for LMF is in a hydrophobic pocket in the sub-domain II A of HSA. Manuscript profile
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  19 - Extraction of Ultra Trace Amounts Bismuth in Water Samples Using Cloud Point Extraction with 2-Amino-Cyclopentene-1-Dithiocarboxylic Acid
  A. Moghimi
  10.22034/jchr.2012.543985
  A new approach for a cloud point extraction-electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric method was used for determining bismuth. The aqueous analyte was acidified with sulfuric acid (pH 3.0–3.5). Triton X-114 was added as a surfactant and 2-amino-cyclopentene-1-dit More

  A new approach for a cloud point extraction-electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric method was used for determining bismuth. The aqueous analyte was acidified with sulfuric acid (pH 3.0–3.5). Triton X-114 was added as a surfactant and 2-amino-cyclopentene-1-dithiocarboxylic acid was used as a complexing agent. After phase separation at 50 ◦C based on the cloud point separation of the mixture, the surfactant-rich phasen was diluted using tetrahydrofuran (THF). Twenty microliters (20 μL) of the enriched solution and 10 µl of 0.1% (w/v) Pd (NO3)2 as chemical modifier were dispersed into the graphite tube and the analyte was determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. After optimizing extraction conditions and instrumental parameters, a preconcentration factor of 195 was obtained for a sample of only 10 mL. The detection limit was 0.04 ng ml−1 and the analytical curve was linear for the concentration range of 0.04–0.70 ng mL−1. Relative standard deviations were <5%. The method was successfully applied for the extraction and determination of bismuth in water samples.  Manuscript profile