Presence of Aflatoxin M1 in Pasteurized and UHT Milk Commercialized in Shiraz, Khuzestan and Yazd, Iran

Subject Areas : Journal of Chemical Health Risks

E.  Rahimi ¹ (Department of Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O.Box 166, Shahrekord, Iran)
Z.  Nilchian ² (Graduated of Food Sciences and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O.Box 166, Shahrekord, Iran)
A.  Behzadnia ³ (Graduated of Food Sciences and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O.Box 166, Shahrekord, Iran)

Received: 2011-09-28 Accepted : 2018-10-29 Published : 2012-01-12

Keywords: Milk, Elisa, Aflatoxin M1,

Abstract :

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a hydroxylated metabolite of the carcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and may be found in the milk of lactating animals that have ingested feedstuffs contaminated with AFB1 Between Jun 2010 and March 2011, 149 samples of pasteurized (n=90) and UHT (n=59) milk were collected from supermarkets in the cities of Shiraz, Khuzestan and Yazed, Iran. All samples were analyzed for AFM1 contamination by ELISA and 142 (95.3%) were positive with mean concentrations 41 ng.l-1. These concentrations are lower than the standads of Codex Alimentarius and FDA (500 ng.l-1), but 33 samples (22.1%) had higher concentrations than the maximum tolerance accepted by some European countries (50 ng.l-1). Mean concentrations of AFM1 in pasteurized and UHT milk were 39 and 46 ng.l-1, respectively. Mean concentrations of AFM1 in fall and winter samples were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of summer but differences between AFM1 concentrations of fall and winter samples were not significantly different. No significant differences in Concentrations of AFM1 in milk samples between Shiraz, Khuzestan and Yazd. Considering the results, this survey revealed a high frequency of AFM1 contamination in milk samples from central part of Iran.

References:

1. Alborzi, S., B. Pourabbas, M. Rashidi and B.
2. Astaneh, 2006. Aflatoxin M1
3. contamination Pasteurized milk in Shiraz
4. (South of Iran). Food Control, 17, 582-
6. Bakirci, I., 2001. A study on the occurrence of
7. aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products
8. produced in Van province of Turkey.
9. Food Control, 12, 47-51.
10. Creppy, E.E., 2002. Update of survey, regulation
11. and toxic effects of mycotoxins in Europe.
12. Toxicol. Lett., 127, 19-28.
13. Codex Alimentarius Commission, 2001.
14. Comment submitted on the draft maximum
15. level for aflatoxin M1 in milk. In Codex
16. committee on food additives and
17. contaminants 33rd session. Hauge, The
18. Netherlands.
19. European Commission Regulation, No
20. /2001/EC of 8 March 2001, setting
21. maximum levels for certain contaminants in
22. food stuffs. Official Journal of the European
23. Commission Lo77: 2001; 1-13.
24. Fallah, A. A., 2010. Aflatoxin M1 contamination
25. in dairy products marketed in Iran during
26. winter and summer. Food Control, 21 ,
27. -1481.
28. FAO/WHO, 1999. Forty-ninth report of the joint
29. FAO/WHO Expert Committee of Food
30. Additives: Evaluation of Certain Food
31. Additive and Contaminations. WHO
32. Technical report Series, 884, 69-77.
33. Galvano, F., V. Galofaro and G. Galvona, 1996.
34. Occurrence and stability of aflatoxin M1 in
35. milk and milk products: a worldwide review.
36. J. Food Prot., 59, 1079-1090.
37. Hussain, I. and J. Anwar, 2008. A study on
38. contamination of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk in
39. the Punjab province of Pakistan. Food
40. Control, 19, 393-395.
41. International Agency for Research on Cancer,
42. Some Naturally Occurring Substances:
43. food items and constituents, heterocyclic
44. aromatic amines and mycotoxins.
45. Monographs on the Evaluation of
46. Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 56, 245-395
47. (Lyon: IARC).
48. Ghanem, I. and M. Orfi, 2009. Aflatoxin M1 in
49. raw, pasteurized and powdered milk
50. available in Syrian market. Food Control,
51. , 603ââ‚‌“605.
52. Kamkar, A., 2005. A study on the contamination
53. of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk produced in
54. Sarab city of Iran. Food Control, 16, 593-
56. Karim, G., 1998. Study on the contamination of
57. raw bulk milk with aflatoxin M1 in Tehran
58. area using ELISA method (Persian). J.
59. Pajoohesh va Sazandeghi, 40-42, 163-165.
60. Lafont, P., M. Siriwardana and J. Lafont, 1989.
61. Genotoxicity of hydroxylaflatoxins M1 and
62. M4. Microbiol. Aliments Nutr., 7, 1-8.
63. Lopez, C.E., L.L. Ramos, S.S. Ramadan and L.C.
64. Bulacio, 2003. Presence of aflatoxin M1 in
65. milk for human consumption Argentina.
66. Food Control, 14, 31-34.
67. Movassagh, M.H., 2011. Presence of aflatoxin
68. M1 in UHT milk in Tabriz (northwest of
69. Iran). J. Food Safety, 31, 238ââ‚‌“241.
70. Oveisi, M.R., B. Jannat, N. Sadeghi, M.
71. Hajiohamoodi and A. Nikzad, 2007.
72. Presence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and infant
73. milk products in Tehran, Iran. Food Control,
74. , 1216-1218.
75. Park, D.L., 2002. Effect of processing on
76. aflatoxin. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 504, 173-
78. Rahimi, E., M. Bonyadian, M. Rafei, H.R.
79. Kazemeini, 2009a. Occurrence of aflatoxin
80. M1 in raw milk of five dairy species in
81. Ahvaz, Iran. Food Chem. Toxicol., 48, 129-
83. Rahimi, E., A. Shakerian, M. Jafariyan, M.
84. Ebrahimi and M. Riahi, 2009b. Occurrence
85. of aflatoxin M1 in raw, pasteurized and
86. UHT milk commercialized in Esfahan and
87. Shahr-e Kord, Iran. Food Security, 1, 317-
89. Saitanu, K., 1997. Incidence of aflatoxin M1 in
90. Thai milk products. J. Food Prot. 60, 1010ââ‚‌“
92. Stoloff, L., H.P. Van Egmond and D.L. Parks,
93. Rationales for the establishment of
94. limits and regulations for mycotoxins. Food
95. Addit. Contam., 8, 222-231.
96. Tajkarimi, M., F. Shojaee Alibadi, M. Salah
97. Nejad, H. Pursoltani, A.A. Motallebi and H.
98. Mahdavi, 2007. Seasonal study of aflatoxin
99. M1 contamination in milk in five regions in
100. Iran. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 116, 346-349.
101. Tajkarimi, M., F. Aliabadi-Sh, A. Salah Nejad,
102. H. Pursoltani, A.A. Motallebi and H.
103. Mahdavi, 2008. Aflatoxin M1 contamination
104. in winter and summer milk in 14 states in
105. Iran. Food Control, 19, 1033-1036.
106. Trucksess, M.W., 1999. Mycotoxins. Journal of
107. the AOAC International, 82, 488-495.
108. Unusan, N., 2006. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in
109. UHT milk in Turkey. Food Chem. Toxicol.,
110. , 1897ââ‚‌“1900.
111. Van Egmond, H.P., 1989. Mycotoxins in Dairy
112. Products. Elsevier Applied Science, London