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Open Access Article
1 - Non-carcinogenic and Carcinogenic Risk Potentials of metals Exposure from Vegetables Grown in Sharada Industrial Area Kano, Nigeria
Abba Babandi Murtala Ya'u Hafeez Muhammad Yakasai Dayyabu Shehu Kamalludeen Babagana Aminu Ibrahim C.A Anosike Lawrence EzeanyikaChemical elements such as heavy metals significantly functions as trace elements but their bio-toxicity to human biochemical process poses a great concern for public health. The human exposure to heavy metals via food chain has been a documented risk factor for cancer d MoreChemical elements such as heavy metals significantly functions as trace elements but their bio-toxicity to human biochemical process poses a great concern for public health. The human exposure to heavy metals via food chain has been a documented risk factor for cancer development and other health-related implications. The levels of some carcinogenic (Chromium Cr; Cadmium Cd and Lead Pb) and non carcinogenic (Nickel Ni; Cobalt Co; Copper Cu and Zinc Zn) heavy metals in vegetables (Onion, Drumstick, Lettuce, Okra, and Carrot) grown in Sharada industrial area, Kano were evaluated. The human health risk implications were also determined by estimating the daily metal consumption, and calculating non cancer and cancer risks (Incremental Life Cancer Risk, ILCR and Target Hazard Quotients) using US-EPA probabilistic health risk assessment (US-EPA risk predicting model). The mean concentration of lead (Pb) ranged from 11.21±0.55 µg/g in Okra to 16.84±0.86 µg/g in onion. Carrot had the highest concentration of chromium (65.10±3.20 µg/g). The levels of various heavy metals found in the studied vegetables/plants differ generally with plant species. The predictive values of human developing cancer disease from the incessant intake of studied plant/vegetables was found higher than the standard threshold risk boundary set by US-EPA, (>10-4) for Cr, Pb, and Cd. The non cancer health risk values also predicted Pb, Cr and Cd as the dominant metal contaminants of the vegetables with the Health Risk Index greater than one (>1), while Ni, Co, and Zn showed safe quotients. Among the studied vegetables/plants, carrot has predicatively, the highest cancer risk (∑ILCR 1.25 with chromium contributing 92%), followed by lettuce, onion, Moringa oleifera, and okra (Carrot> Lettuce > Onion > Moringa > Okra). It is, therefore, suggests that the industrial area is unsafe for irrigation due to the heavy metals pollutions of the soil and irrigation water and the risk of high consumption of vegetables grown exposes the population to incremental cancer risks potential among others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Synthesis and Antioxidant Properties of Two New Derivatives of Indeno-Benzofuran
shiva khalil_moghaddam Ashraf Sadat Shahvelayati Atousa AliahmadiNinhydrin reacts with poly-phenols in different ratios to produce tetracyclic adducts. Here, pyrogallol was used as a polyphenol compound. In the company of acidic ionic liquid (AIL), there was a selective reaction between the ortho-site of polyphenol and the ninhydrin& MoreNinhydrin reacts with poly-phenols in different ratios to produce tetracyclic adducts. Here, pyrogallol was used as a polyphenol compound. In the company of acidic ionic liquid (AIL), there was a selective reaction between the ortho-site of polyphenol and the ninhydrin’s carbonyl group. Mono-adduct (1:1) 3 and bis-adduct (2:1) 4 were prepared as a solvent and a catalyst for the reaction of ninhydrin with pyrogallol in 1-(carboxymethyl)-3-methyl-1H-imidazolium chloride (mcmimCl). Purity of the products was approved by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and Mass Spectroscopy. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of novel derivatives investigated in this paper by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was considered to be standard. The results indicated that mono-adduct showed the strongest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 5.289µg/ml). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Removal of Pharmaceutical Pollutions of Aspirin and Atrazine from Waste Water Using Carbo Nanotubes
Farzaneh Rezaei Ranjbar Farhad Khamchin MoghadamCurrently, there is a serious water crisis in the world, which necessitates the purification of polluted water. Nowadays, new methods have been presented for the treatment of contaminated water. In the present study, single- and multi-walled nanotubes were used for adso MoreCurrently, there is a serious water crisis in the world, which necessitates the purification of polluted water. Nowadays, new methods have been presented for the treatment of contaminated water. In the present study, single- and multi-walled nanotubes were used for adsorption of aspirin and atrazine pharmaceutical pollutions from waste water. In addition, various tests were performed at six levels to evaluate the parameters of effects of the initial concentration of solution, level of nano-absorbent, contact duration, temperature and pH on pharmaceutical pollutions of aspirin and atrazine in two single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Moreover, results of each level of the test were separately shown on diagrams based on the concentration percentage. After the comparison of results, it was demonstrated that in the parameter of effect of the initial concentration of solution, the pharmaceutical pollution of atrazine had the highest adsorption percentage (94.03%) in the presence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. In terms of the total adsorption percentage of aspirin and atrazine, the highest adsorption percentage was observed in the presence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Cardiovascular Disease risk Factors in Male Cigarette Smokers in Calabar, Southern Nigeria
Iya Eze Bassey Uwem Okon Akpan Ifeyinwa Maryann Okafor Imeobong Joseph Inyang Oko EzeCigarette smoking has been linked to atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disorders and various malignancies. However, the mechanism by which smoking increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases is still controversial. One hundred and forty one MoreCigarette smoking has been linked to atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disorders and various malignancies. However, the mechanism by which smoking increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases is still controversial. One hundred and forty one apparently healthy male cigarette smokers and sixty apparently healthy non-smokers aged 18 to 65 years were enrolled into the study. The smokers were sub-divided into light (<8 pack years), moderate (8-30 pack years) and heavy (>30 pack years) smokers. Anthropometric indices and blood pressure were measured. Fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides and High density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were estimated using colorimetric test methods while low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein were calculated using Friedewald’s equation. Serum insulin was estimated using ELISA. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0; level of significance was set at p<0.05. The smokers had significantly higher diastolic BP (p=0.0001), TC (p= 0.008) and LDL-C (p = 0.0001) and significantly lower HDL-C (p = 0.0001) compared to the non-smokers. There was a significant higher fasting plasma glucose in the light smokers (p=0.001) than in the moderate and heavy smokers whereas, serum TC and LDL-C levels were significantly increased in heavy smokers (p=0.001) than in the light and moderate smokers. There was a negative correlation between BMI and smoking pack years. Dyslipidaemia was observed to be the most prevalent cardiovascular disease risk factor. It is concluded that the alterations in lipid profile and blood pressure observed in this study may contribute to higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Effect of Zinc Sulfate and Salicylic Acid on Biological Degradation of Phenanthrene in the Cd Polluted Soil under Sorghum Cultivation Inoculated with Pseudomonas Putida
Amir Hossein Baghaie Aminollah AghilizefreeiCo-contamination of soils with heavy metals or petroleum hydrocarbons is one of the important environmental problems. This study was done to evaluate the effect of ZnSO4 and salicylic acid (SA) on biological degradation of phenanthrene in the Cd polluted soil under sorg MoreCo-contamination of soils with heavy metals or petroleum hydrocarbons is one of the important environmental problems. This study was done to evaluate the effect of ZnSO4 and salicylic acid (SA) on biological degradation of phenanthrene in the Cd polluted soil under sorghum cultivation inoculated with Pseudomonas putida (P.putida). Treatments were consisted of applying ZnSO4 (0 and 40 kg/ha), SA foliar application (0 and 1.5 mmol/lit), Cd polluted soil (0, 5 and 10 mg Cd/kg soil) and soil pollution with phenanthrene at the rates of 0, 3 and 6% (W/W) in three replicate in the presence of P. putida. Plant in this experiment was sorghum. At the end of this experiment, plant was harvested and the plant Cd concentration was measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy. On the other hand, the degradation of phenanthrene (%) in the soil and soil microbial respiration via evaluated CO2 were measured. Based on the results of this study, applying 40 kg/ha ZnSO4 significantly decreased the plant Cd concentration by 14.3 %. In addition, a significant increasing by 15.4 % in degradation of phenanthrene in soil was also observed when the soil received 40 kg/ha. The similar results were also observed for SA foliar application.Soil application of ZnSO4, the presence of P. putida and foliar application of salicylic acid can increase plant resistance to abiotic stresses and thereby have significant effect on biological degradation of phenanthrene. However, the role of plant type on degradation of phenanthrene cannot be ignored. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Cumulative Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Heme Oxygenase-1 Inducer in Ameliorating Induced Liver Toxicity in Rats
Ahmed Talaat Abd Elaziz Hanaa Mohamed Elzahed Shar Hassan Hassan Bahaa Eldin A. Khaled Eman H. NadwaLiver diseases are most commonly occurring nowadays, that’s why we are in argent need to develop new strategies in treatment. to evaluate the role of MSCs in regenerating liver cells and to clarify the anti-inflammatory role of HO-1 either alone or as a combined t MoreLiver diseases are most commonly occurring nowadays, that’s why we are in argent need to develop new strategies in treatment. to evaluate the role of MSCs in regenerating liver cells and to clarify the anti-inflammatory role of HO-1 either alone or as a combined therapy with MSCs. 72 rats were divided into seven groups (n=10 rats/group) as follows, group1: control rats, group 2: CCL4, group 3: CCL4 that received MSCs group 4: CCL4 that received HO-1 inhibitor, group 5: CCL4 that received HO-1 inducer, group 6: CCL4 that received combined MSCs and HO-1 inhibitor , and group 7: CCL4 that received combined MSCs and HO-1 inducer. All groups were evaluated histopathologically with assessment of liver functions. The combined MSCs and HO-1 inducer group showed the highest significant results in ALT (p-value ˂0.05), albumin (p-value ˂0.05), HO-1 activity (p-value ˂0.0001), and genes expression compared to other groups. This is due to the cumulative anti-inflammatory role of both MSCs and HO-1 together with the ability of MSCs to increase the HO-1 expression with further reduction in inflammation and fibrosis. MSCs and HO-1 inducer provide promising tool in treatment of liver disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Relationship of Sodium Nitroprusside with Growth and Antioxidant Enzymes of Canola under Lead Stress
Hossein Hamidi Nahid Masoudian Mostafa Ebadi Bostan RoudiLead is a toxic heavy-metal pollutant which is hazardous to human health and the environment. Sodium nitroprusside is commonly used as a nitric oxide donor in plants. Nitric oxide is a bioactive molecule playing an important role in response to stress in plants. Weight, MoreLead is a toxic heavy-metal pollutant which is hazardous to human health and the environment. Sodium nitroprusside is commonly used as a nitric oxide donor in plants. Nitric oxide is a bioactive molecule playing an important role in response to stress in plants. Weight, chlorophyll content, and the activity of catalase (EC 1.11.1. 6) and peroxidase (EC 1.11.1. 7) antioxidant enzymes of canola (Brassica napus L.) Hyola 401 in lead stress were investigated. This study tested the hypothesis that sodium nitroprusside plays an ameliorating role under lead-toxicity in canola. For seven days, thirteen-day plants were exposed to two levels of sodium nitroprusside (0 and 100 µM) and three levels of lead (0, 100, and 200 µM). Dry and fresh weight and chlorophyll content were decreased in lead stress, while sodium nitroprusside treatment increased weight and chlorophyll b in the same conditions. Lead stress increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and sodium nitroprusside treatment reduced their activity. The results showed that the use of sodium nitroprusside reduces lead toxicity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Lactobacillus paracasei Impact on Myocardial Hypertrophy in Rats with Heart Failure
Zohreh Hesari Khatereh Kafshdoozan Mahdi Barati Parviz Kokhaei Sina Andalib Fatemeh TalebiKiassari Mahboubeh Darban anna abdolshahi Bahador BagheriCardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction are important complications of heart failure. Cardiovascular, immunological, and hormonal players are involved in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Current evidence suggests that probiotics may have fruitful effects on the he MoreCardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction are important complications of heart failure. Cardiovascular, immunological, and hormonal players are involved in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Current evidence suggests that probiotics may have fruitful effects on the heart function. This was our aim. To this end, effects of oral administration of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei 8700:2 on isoproterenol-induced heart failure were investigated. Forty male Wistar rats weighing 200 g were randomly assigned to five groups; the control group (saline-treated group), probiotic-treated group, heart failure group (isoproterenol-introduced group), pretreatment group (treating them by probiotic for 20 days then induced heart failure) and treatment group (following heart failure-induced, treating them by probiotic for 20 days). The groups were studied for 30 days. Serum levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and chemerin were measured by ELISA. Finally, the hearts were removed for histopathological evaluation. Compared to the control group, isoproterenol caused cardiac hypertrophy and increased ANP (P < 0.05) and chemerin levels. Treatment with Lactobacillus paracasei significantly reduced the levels of ANP (P < 0.01) and decreased the pathological damages to the myocardium. It caused a small reduction in chemerin level, as well. Pretreatment with probiotics had no positive effects on cardiac hypertrophy and related parameters. Our findings indicate that treatment with Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei 8700:2 reduces cardiac hypertrophy in rats. In addition, this probiotic reduces the serum levels of chemerin and ANP. Manuscript profile
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