بررسی میزان سرب و کادمیوم در عسل‌های بهاره و پاییزه شهرستان دلفان لرستان
محورهای موضوعی :
بهداشت مواد غذایی
رامین قاسمیان یادگاری
1
,
امیر رضا کرمی بناری
2
,
محمد حسین موثق غازانی
3
1 - دانش‌آموخته دامپزشکی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، واحد شبستر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شبستر، ایران
2 - دکتری تخصصی فارماکولوژی دامپزشکی، استادیار گروه دامپزشکی، واحد شبستر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شبستر، ایران
3 - دکتری تخصصی بهداشت مواد غذایی، دانشیار گروه دامپزشکی، واحد شبستر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شبستر، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1402/01/24
تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/04/02
تاریخ انتشار : 1402/01/01
کلید واژه:
عسل,
سرب,
کادمیوم,
دلفان لرستان,
چکیده مقاله :
در میان آلاینده‌های محیطی، فلزات سنگین برای سلامتی انسان خیلی خطرناک می‌باشند. هدف مطالعه حاضر تعیین میزان سرب وکادمیوم در عسل‌های پاییز 1396 و بهار 1397 در لرستان بود. 60 نمونه عسل از نواحی مرکزی، کاکاوند و خاوه شهرستان دلفان لرستان به صورت تصادفی جمع‌آوری و سپس توسط دستگاه اسپکتوفتومتر جذب اتمی شعله آنالیز شدند. سرب وکادمیوم در تمامی نمونه‌ها تشخیص داده شد. بیشترین سطح سرب و کادمیوم در نمونه‌ها به ترتیب 2/32 و 32/0 میکروگرم بر کیلوگرم بود. میانگین غلظت سرب در عسل‌های بهاره و پاییزه به ترتیب دربخش مرکزی 84/2 ± 57/21 و47/2 ± 83/28، کاکاوند3/1± 8/10 و 89/1± 66/13 و خاوه76/1 ± 72/7 و 55/1 ± 44 /16میکروگرم بر کیلوگرم بود. میزان سرب درعسل‌های بهاره خاوه بطور معنی داری پایین تر از سایر نواحی بود ( 05/0 >p). میانگین غلظت کادمیوم در عسل بهاره و پاییزه در بخش مرکزی 02/0 ± 13/0 و03/0 ± 26/0 در کاکاوند014/0 ± 11/0 و02/0 ± 18/0 و در خاوه02/0 ± 04/0 و 01/0 ± 08/0 میکروگرم بر کیلوگرم به‌ترتیب بود. میزان کادمیوم درعسل‌های بهاره خاوه بطور معنی داری پایین‌تر از سایر نواحی بود ( 05/0 >p). با توجه به کمتر بودن متوسط مقادیر سرب وکامیوم در نمونه‌های عسل پاییزه و بهاره در شهرستان دلفان نسبت به حد استاندارد‌های بین‌المللی، می‌توان نتیجه‌گیری نمود که مصرف این عسل‌ها از لحاظ فلزات سنگین سرب وکادمیوم خطری درپی ندارد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Among the environmental pollutants, heavy metals are very dangerous for human health. The present study aimed to determine the amount of lead and cadmium in the fall of 2017 and spring of 2018 kinds of honey in Lorestan. Sixty honey samples were collected randomly from the central, Kakavand and Kaveh areas of Delfan city of Lorestan. The samples were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Lead and cadmium were determined in all samples. The maximum levels of lead and cadmium in samples were 32.2 and 0.32 µg/kg respectively. The mean concentration of lead in spring and autumn honey in the central part was 21.57 ± 2.84 and 28.83 ± 2.47, in Kakavand was 10.8 ± 1.3 and 13.66 ± 1.89 and in Khaveh was 7.72 ± 1.76 and 16.44 ± 1.55 µg/kg respectively. In Khaveh, the amount of lead in the honey sampled during spring was significantly lower than in other areas (p<0.05). The mean concentration of cadmium in spring and autumn honey in the central part was 0.13 ± 0.02 and 0.26 ± 0.03, in Kakavand was 0.11 ± 0.014 and 0.18 ± 0.02 and in Khaveh was 0.04 ± 0.02 and 0.08 ± 0.01 µg/kg respectively. The amount of cadmium in the spring honey of Khaveh was significantly lower than in other areas (p<0.05). Due to lower levels of lead and cadmium in the spring and autumn samples produced in Delfan city, compared to international standards, it could be concluded that consumption of these honey is safe, in terms of lead and cadmium metals.
منابع و مأخذ:
Aghamirlou, H. M., Khadem, M., Rahmani, A., Sadeghian, M., Mahvi, A. H., Akbarzadeh, A. et al., )2015). Heavy metals determination in honey samples using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 13: 1-8.
Ahmadizadeh, M. and Bagh PA, R. (2008). The preventive effect of vitamin E on Cadmium chloride-induced toxicity in rat liver and kidney. Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal, 6(4): 404-413. [In Persian]
Akbari, B., Gharanfoli, F., Khayyat, M. H., Khashyarmanesh, Z., Rezaee, R. and Karimi, G. (2012). Determination of heavy metals in different honey brands from Iranian markets. Food Additives and Contaminants, Part B, 5(2): 105-111.
Bahreyni, R., Mirhadi, S. A., Javaheri, S. D. and Talebi, M. (2006). The Survey on situation of heavy metals in honey, pollen and adult bees of Tehran Province Apiaries. Journal of Agricultural Science (University of Tabriz), 15(4): 247-252. [In Persian]
Bilandzic, N., Dokic, M. and Sedak, M. (2011). Determination of trace elements in Croatian. Food Chemistry, (128): 1160–1164.
Codex Alimentarius Commission. (2000). The draft revised codex standard for honey. CX/S 00/3/ 1999. Food and Agriculture Organization: Rome, Italy.
Demirezen, D. and Aksoy, A. (2005). Determination of heavy metals in bee honey using by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (Icp-Oes). Gazi university journal of science, 18:569-575.
Ediriweera, E. and Premarathna, N. (2012). Medicinal and cosmetic uses of bee’s honey a review. Ayu , 33 (2): 178-82.
Erbilir, F. and Ozlem, E. (2005). Determination of heavy metals in honey in Kahramanmaras city, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 109(1-3):181-187.
Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. (ISIRI), (1993). Food and feed-maximum limit of heavy metals.1st revision, ISIRI No. 12968. [In Persian].
Kermanian, F., Mahdizadeh, M., Mahmoudian, A. R., Markazi Moghadam, N. and Kermanian, M. (2008). Evaluation of lead acetate side effects on rat hippocampus and the effects of vitamin C on These. Anatomical Sciences Journal, 6(23): 345 – 351.
Kilic Altun, S., Dinc, H., Paksoy, N., Temamogullari, F. K. and Savrunlu, M. (2017). Analyses of mineral content and heavy metal of honey samples from south and east region of Turkey by using ICP-MS. International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 6391454.
Leblebici, Z. and Aksoy, A. (2008) Determination of heavy metals in honey samples from central Anatolia using plasma optical emission spectrofotometry (Icp-Oes). Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 17: 549-555.
Mbiri, A. Onditi, A. Oyaro, N. and Murago, E. (2011). Determination of essential and heavy metals in Kenyan honey by atomic absorption and emission spectroscopy, Journal of Agriculture and Technology, 13(1): 107-113.
Moshtaghi Boroujeni, H., Khalili Sadrabad, E., Bonyadian, M., and Vakil Zadeh, A. (2018). Study of some heavy metals in honey produced in Chahar-mahale-Bakhtiary province. Iranian Veterinary Journal, 14(1): 62-69.
Nabilou, S., Motallebi, A. and Sheikhloie, H. (2017). Determination of lead and tin contents in refined, unrefined and beeswax honey in Zanjan province. Journal of Food Hygiene, 7(28): 63-69. [In Persian].
Pohl, P. (2009). Determination of metal content in honey by atomic absorption and emission spectrometries. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 28(1):117-128.
Vanhanen, L. P., Emmertz, A. and Savage, G. P. (2011). Mineral Analysis of Mono-Floral New Zealand Honey. Food Chemistry, 128: 236-240.
_||_
Aghamirlou, H. M., Khadem, M., Rahmani, A., Sadeghian, M., Mahvi, A. H., Akbarzadeh, A. et al., )2015). Heavy metals determination in honey samples using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 13: 1-8.
Ahmadizadeh, M. and Bagh PA, R. (2008). The preventive effect of vitamin E on Cadmium chloride-induced toxicity in rat liver and kidney. Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal, 6(4): 404-413. [In Persian]
Akbari, B., Gharanfoli, F., Khayyat, M. H., Khashyarmanesh, Z., Rezaee, R. and Karimi, G. (2012). Determination of heavy metals in different honey brands from Iranian markets. Food Additives and Contaminants, Part B, 5(2): 105-111.
Bahreyni, R., Mirhadi, S. A., Javaheri, S. D. and Talebi, M. (2006). The Survey on situation of heavy metals in honey, pollen and adult bees of Tehran Province Apiaries. Journal of Agricultural Science (University of Tabriz), 15(4): 247-252. [In Persian]
Bilandzic, N., Dokic, M. and Sedak, M. (2011). Determination of trace elements in Croatian. Food Chemistry, (128): 1160–1164.
Codex Alimentarius Commission. (2000). The draft revised codex standard for honey. CX/S 00/3/ 1999. Food and Agriculture Organization: Rome, Italy.
Demirezen, D. and Aksoy, A. (2005). Determination of heavy metals in bee honey using by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (Icp-Oes). Gazi university journal of science, 18:569-575.
Ediriweera, E. and Premarathna, N. (2012). Medicinal and cosmetic uses of bee’s honey a review. Ayu , 33 (2): 178-82.
Erbilir, F. and Ozlem, E. (2005). Determination of heavy metals in honey in Kahramanmaras city, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 109(1-3):181-187.
Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. (ISIRI), (1993). Food and feed-maximum limit of heavy metals.1st revision, ISIRI No. 12968. [In Persian].
Kermanian, F., Mahdizadeh, M., Mahmoudian, A. R., Markazi Moghadam, N. and Kermanian, M. (2008). Evaluation of lead acetate side effects on rat hippocampus and the effects of vitamin C on These. Anatomical Sciences Journal, 6(23): 345 – 351.
Kilic Altun, S., Dinc, H., Paksoy, N., Temamogullari, F. K. and Savrunlu, M. (2017). Analyses of mineral content and heavy metal of honey samples from south and east region of Turkey by using ICP-MS. International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 6391454.
Leblebici, Z. and Aksoy, A. (2008) Determination of heavy metals in honey samples from central Anatolia using plasma optical emission spectrofotometry (Icp-Oes). Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 17: 549-555.
Mbiri, A. Onditi, A. Oyaro, N. and Murago, E. (2011). Determination of essential and heavy metals in Kenyan honey by atomic absorption and emission spectroscopy, Journal of Agriculture and Technology, 13(1): 107-113.
Moshtaghi Boroujeni, H., Khalili Sadrabad, E., Bonyadian, M., and Vakil Zadeh, A. (2018). Study of some heavy metals in honey produced in Chahar-mahale-Bakhtiary province. Iranian Veterinary Journal, 14(1): 62-69.
Nabilou, S., Motallebi, A. and Sheikhloie, H. (2017). Determination of lead and tin contents in refined, unrefined and beeswax honey in Zanjan province. Journal of Food Hygiene, 7(28): 63-69. [In Persian].
Pohl, P. (2009). Determination of metal content in honey by atomic absorption and emission spectrometries. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 28(1):117-128.
Vanhanen, L. P., Emmertz, A. and Savage, G. P. (2011). Mineral Analysis of Mono-Floral New Zealand Honey. Food Chemistry, 128: 236-240.
