Journal of Developmental Psychology Iranian Psychologists: 4 (73)

Open Access Article

1 - The Mediating Role of Emotional Regulation in the Relationship Between Traumatic Childhood Experiences and Maternal Reflective Functioning
Shahnaz Ahmadi Mohtaram Nemattavousi

This study was done with the aim of determining the mediating role of emotional regulation in the relationship between child- hood traumatic experience and maternal reflective functioning. The statistical population included the mothers who visited safe houses in the ci More

This study was done with the aim of determining the mediating role of emotional regulation in the relationship between child- hood traumatic experience and maternal reflective functioning. The statistical population included the mothers who visited safe houses in the city of Tehran in 2021. By the convenient method, 312 mothers were selected using the convenience sampling method and the participants answered the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (Luyten et al., 2017), childhood trauma Questionnaire (Bernstein et al.,2003), and difficulties in emotion regulation scale (Gratz & Roemer, 2004). The results of the path analysis test indicated that traumatic childhood experiences were able to explain 63% of the variance in emotional regulation diffi- culties. Moreover, traumatic childhood experiences and difficulties in emotion regulation were respectively able to explain 65, 25, and 32% of the variance of the subscales of the pre-mentalizing modes, the certainty of mental states, interest, and curiosity mental states of maternal reflective functioning. These findings indicate that emotional regulation plays a mediating role in the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and maternal reflective functioning. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The Assessment of "Self-Object" Representations of Parents in Iranian Culture
Tayebeh Shahmoradifar Parviz Azad Fallah Hojatollah Farahani

The purpose of this study was to examine the patterns of object relationships index of Iranian parents, based on the perspective of object relationships. In this qualitative research, the evaluation was performed on 15 people considering the inclusion and exclusion crit More

The purpose of this study was to examine the patterns of object relationships index of Iranian parents, based on the perspective of object relationships. In this qualitative research, the evaluation was performed on 15 people considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using clinical interviews and analyzed by thematic analysis. To prove the validity and accuracy of the data, four criteria of credibility, dependability, confirmability, transferability, and triangulation method were used. By analyzing the data, three comprehensive themes of self, other, and communication (6 organizer themes and 33 basic themes) were ob- tained. The obtained comprehensive themes can be explained based on the object relationship perspective, which emphasizes that the individual's experiences with the first caregivers are internalized in childhood and are repeated in the individual's subsequent relation- ships. In other words, parents unconsciously repeat these experiences in relation to their children. The findings of this study emphasize that parents' conflicts with their children cannot be explained solely on the basis of their current relationships, and the root of these problems should be traced to "self-subject" representations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Developmental Quotient, Anxiety and Depression in Urban and Rural Students
Maede Ranjbar Susan Rahimzadeh

The purpose of this study was to compare intellectual development quotient, symptoms of anxiety and depression in urban and rural elementary school students in Babol. 90 urban students (47 girls and 43 boys) and 90 rural students (47 girls and 43 boys) from the first to More

The purpose of this study was to compare intellectual development quotient, symptoms of anxiety and depression in urban and rural elementary school students in Babol. 90 urban students (47 girls and 43 boys) and 90 rural students (47 girls and 43 boys) from the first to the sixth grade of elementary school were selected by available (voluntary) method and draw a person test (Royer, 1984, quoted by the dadsetan, 1395) were drawn. The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that intellectual development quotient (F = 0.051 and P <0.05) did not differ between the two groups of urban and rural elementary school students, but the symptoms of anxiety (F = 7.974 and 0.01). P <0) and depression (F = 12.295 and P <0.001) are more in rural students than urban students. And residence status is able to explain 4% of the variance of anxiety and 6% of the variance of depression is the difference between the two groups. In the end, emphasis was placed on educational and training changes along with socio-economic changes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Investigating the Psychological Experiences of Bereaved Adolescent Girls A Qualitative Study
ٖٖMahrokh Abdaly Aghagoly Azadeh Aminiha

The purpose of this study is to investigate the quality of grief process in female teenagers who lost her mothers. In line with this purpose, the required data was obtained through qualitative study and phenomenological scheme in 1398-99, through pur- poseful and theore More

The purpose of this study is to investigate the quality of grief process in female teenagers who lost her mothers. In line with this purpose, the required data was obtained through qualitative study and phenomenological scheme in 1398-99, through pur- poseful and theoretical sampling. To conduct the research, 12 people aged between 13 -18 who live in Tehran were selected, and the sampling process continued until the theoretical saturation was reached. The data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews, then, the content analysis method was used to analyze this information. The findings of the study were extracted and clas- sified in4 comprehensive themes (psychological dimension, social dimension, management strategies, and outcomes),10 organizing themes, and 47 basic themes. The result of this study showed that the psychological reactions identified in female teenagers who lost their mothers indicate symptoms of depression in them. Paying attention to sociocultural concerns is important in their life experience. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Efficacy of Training Psychodrama on the Impulsivity and Psychological Flexibility of the Students Engaged in Divorce With Externalized Behavior Problems
Mahshid Shabani Javad Khalatbari Shohreh Ghorban Shiroudi

The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of training psychodrama on the impulsivity and psychological flexibility of the students engaged in divorce with externalized behavior problems. The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, More

The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of training psychodrama on the impulsivity and psychological flexibility of the students engaged in divorce with externalized behavior problems. The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up period design. The statistical population of the present study included the students engaged in divorce with externalized behavior problems who were studying in the first high school in academic year 2020-21 in the city of Isfahan. 40 students engaged in divorce with externalized behavior problems were selected through purpo- sive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 20 students). The experimen- tal group received ten seventy-five-minute sessions of training psychodrama (Khoobani et.al, 2013) during two-and-a-half months. 4 people from the experimental group and 3 people from the control group quitted participating in the study. The applied questionnaires in this study included Impulsivity Questionnaire (Barratt, Stanford, Kent & Felthous, 2004), Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire (Dennis & VanderWal, 2010) and Children and Adolescents Behavioral Inventory (Achenbach, & Rescorla, 2001). The data from the study were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA. The results showed that training psychodrama has significant effect on the impulsivity and psychological flexibility of the students engaged in divorce with externalized behavior problems (p<0.001). Ac- cording to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that training psychodrama can be used as an efficient method to decrease impulsivity and increase psychological flexibility in the students engaged in divorce with externalized behavior problems through employing techniques such as confrontation, showing feelings, emotional refinement and role playing. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The Relationship Between Behavioral Brain Systems and Internet Addiction: The Mediating Role of Social Anxiety
Soodabe Jafarinasab Maryam Kadkhodaee

This study has been conducted to determine the mediating role of social anxiety in the relationship between behavioral brain systems and Internet addiction. For this purpose, in descriptive research, 346 students (129 males and 217 females) were selected by convenience More

This study has been conducted to determine the mediating role of social anxiety in the relationship between behavioral brain systems and Internet addiction. For this purpose, in descriptive research, 346 students (129 males and 217 females) were selected by convenience sampling of students of the non-profit Shahid Ashrafi University of Isfahan. The participants were requested to fill out Gary-Wilson (1989) Personality Questionnaire, Social Anxiety Inventory (Connor et al., 2000), and Internet Addic- tion Test (Young, 1998). Data were analyzed using path analysis. The findings showed that the direct and indirect effect of behavioral activation system on internet addiction is negative and the direct and indirect effect of behavioral inhibition and fight-flight systems on internet addiction is positive. Likewise, the direct effect of behavioral activation system on social anxiety is negative and the direct effect of behavioral inhibition and fight-flight systems on social anxiety is positive. Also, the direct effect of social anxiety on internet addiction is also positive. In addition, the amount of explained variance (R2) is 0.48, which means that behavioral brain systems and social anxiety have the ability to explain 48% of the variance of Internet addiction. Therefore, in order to prevent Internet addiction, in addition to paying attention to behavioral brain systems, it is necessary to provide the necessary grounds to reduce social anxiety. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The Effectiveness of Modified Behavior Therapy on Conduct Children with Callous-Unemotional Traits
Zeinab Khanjani Touraj Hashrmi Nosratabad Seyedeh Leila Fakhimi

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of modified behavior therapy on conduct disorder symptoms in chil- dren with callous-unemotional traits. In the single-case experimental design with multiple baselines, three boys with conduct disorder were sele More

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of modified behavior therapy on conduct disorder symptoms in chil- dren with callous-unemotional traits. In the single-case experimental design with multiple baselines, three boys with conduct disorder were selected by Available and purposeful according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. For this purpose, Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (Frick, 2003) was used to identify children with callous-unemotional traits. Modified Behavioral Therapy for the implementation of a self-made training package derived from the teachings of Miller et.al (2014) and Waschbusch et.al (2019), and Parent Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scales (Pellham, Gnagy, Greenslade & Milich, 1992) for investigating con- duct disorder symptoms in the baseline and intervention stages were used. Data analysis by using graphs and calculation of improve- ment percentage and effect size showed that modified behavior therapy has a clinical effect on reducing conduct disorder symptoms. Based on research findings, it can be said that the use of modified behavior therapy has practical implications for reducing conduct disorder symptoms, and is recommended for parents, counselors, and clinicians. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The Effectiveness of Group Training Based on Rational, Emotive, Behavioral Theory on Anger and Rejection Sensitivity
Saba Fakour Mahdieh Rahmanian Mahnaz Aliakbari Dehkordi

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of group training based on rational, emotive, behavioral theory on reducing anger and rejection sensitivity in working women. This study was a pseudo-experimental pretest-posttest design with control grou More

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of group training based on rational, emotive, behavioral theory on reducing anger and rejection sensitivity in working women. This study was a pseudo-experimental pretest-posttest design with control group and one month follow-up period. The statistical population of this research included working women in Tehran whom 30 were selected as available. The instruments of research included Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (Downy & Feld- man, 1996) and Novaco Anger Inventory - short form (Novaco, 1975). The statistical methods used for data analysis were analysis of covariance and analysis of variance with repeated measures. Results showed that group training based on rational, emotive, behavioral theory has significantly reduced the anger and rejection sensitivity in the experimental group and this effect has remained steady in the follow-up phase. According to the research results, it could be an appropriate intervention for working women with anger and high rejection sensitivity problems. Manuscript profile

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