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Open Access Article
1 - Nature in Saadi’s Though
Halale Amini Sara MahmoudiThe poet Saadi called Spring. As far as the frequency of the elements in his works as a style attribute accordingly. Saadi naturalism is often due to the nature and spirit of young and enthusiastic and he knew Khvshbashy. But this ignores that Saadi elements of nature a MoreThe poet Saadi called Spring. As far as the frequency of the elements in his works as a style attribute accordingly. Saadi naturalism is often due to the nature and spirit of young and enthusiastic and he knew Khvshbashy. But this ignores that Saadi elements of nature as a means to express their great ideas to serve to stay this way in the minds of the audience. This article is extracted and examined metaphors from nature. And its results showed that the use of these elements aim Saadi not only inculcate the spirit of greetings and young people in the audience, but is forever immortalized his name. Saadi with the help of the ideas that seek to explain the elements of nature in general in their work are: love, advice and self-glory. In this study, the fresher ideas expressed in the form of anthropomorphism probably been informed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The Theme of Satire in Zakaria Tamer’s Short Stories
Mahmoud Abdanan Mahdizade Kamran Soleymani Hadis AsadiAmong areas in which ‘satire’ could be used to address the reality is literature because men of letters could reveal the reality with their own words, and writers and poets in various countries use it to express their intents. Regarding the effectiveness of MoreAmong areas in which ‘satire’ could be used to address the reality is literature because men of letters could reveal the reality with their own words, and writers and poets in various countries use it to express their intents. Regarding the effectiveness of satire on reflecting the faults and people’s inhumanity of a society in a piece of writing, whether politically or socially, it could be recognized that the language of satire is more eloquent and impressive than those of other literary devices. One of the men of letters that has uncovered the painful truth of his society and the Arab world with satire is Zakaria Tamer, that has dedicated his life to fighting against the disasters of his time illustrating the political and social problems artistically and creatively. This study focuses on the theme of satire in the Arab world concerning three subjects, i.e. poverty and poverty gap, freedom and fight against tyranny, and criticism and ridicule, as well as on analyzing his viewpoints on the subjects in his short stories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Transition to Modernity in Contemporary Iranian literature from the Interpretive Sociology Approach (Case study ideas of methodological Sadegh Hedayat and Forough Farrokhzad)
Hussein Abolhasan Tanhaei Mahmood Azimi RastaThis paper is a comparative analysis in relation to the transition process of modernity in contemporary Iranian literature based on the dialectical attitude Sadegh Hedayat and Forough Farrokhzad is in the works and their narratives. This study sought to find an appropri MoreThis paper is a comparative analysis in relation to the transition process of modernity in contemporary Iranian literature based on the dialectical attitude Sadegh Hedayat and Forough Farrokhzad is in the works and their narratives. This study sought to find an appropriate answer to this key question was Sadegh Hedayat and Forough Farrokhzad in the transition to modernity in contemporary Iranian literature in their methodological study on the creation of his works have been based on what attitude? The study is Generally based on interpretive sociology approach. Meanwhile, some theoretical perspectives (Mead, Blumer and George Gorvich) in the analysis of important works of Sadegh Hedayat and Forough Farrokhzad was used. as a result, Sadegh Hedayat and Forough Farrokhzad in the transition to modernity in contemporary Iranian literature in terms of methodology and the type of attitude and abductionistic, subscriptions are very close together. methodological research is based on looking at social reality. Accordingly, important works of fiction and non-fiction Sadegh Hedayat and some important poems of Forough Farrokhzad in particular two collections of poetry "birth" and "believe in the cold season" was studied and analyzed. As a result, choose the kind of look and attitude in dealing with the creation of their work, In the transition to modernity in Iranian literature, methods of abductionistic and dialectic process together have fellowed. In terms of methodological abductionistic approach in a dialectical process in creating his art work clearly points were shared. But different on Their methodology is to look beyond gender Forough Farrokhzad, and staying within the traditional male-oriented structure that Sadegh Hedayat could not the distinction tradition and religion and time objectivity are not separate in naturalistic method mutual. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - A Study of Imagination in the Sayed Yaaghob Mahidashti Poem
Masoud Bavanpouri Tahere Ishani Vahid SajadifarImagination that is the key element in poem, is the communication bridge between the feelings and thoughts and the poet's words that emotion is conveyed through it and it is the criterion measure for a literary work Sayed Yaaghob Mahidashti is Kurdish poet a poem book i MoreImagination that is the key element in poem, is the communication bridge between the feelings and thoughts and the poet's words that emotion is conveyed through it and it is the criterion measure for a literary work Sayed Yaaghob Mahidashti is Kurdish poet a poem book in Kalhori dialect which has been collected by the efforts of Mohammad Ali Soltanii.This powerful poet has used imagery to explain and convey meanings in their poem book. Metaphor is the most important pillar of expression ability and its analysis in terms of structure and content can also be an expression of poets own language. This paper has attempted to assess metaphor’s theoretical bases using analytical - descriptive methods by giving examples of metaphors used in this poem book and describing him in terms of form, use of connectives and quasits, clears to readers the poet's ability how to convey concepts and explain ends of words and influence of words of these two to. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Cities and the Reasons for their use in Naser Khosrow’s Poetry
Arezoo Banisharif Dehkordi Hossein Khosravi Asghar RezapourianAboo Moeen Hamid Al. din Naser ebne Khosrow was born in Ghobadian of Balkh in 394 (lunar hegira). He passed away in Yamgan of Badakhshan in 487(lunar hegira). His in herent talent and truth-seeking desire guided him to understand truths and secrets. He resolves to leave MoreAboo Moeen Hamid Al. din Naser ebne Khosrow was born in Ghobadian of Balkh in 394 (lunar hegira). He passed away in Yamgan of Badakhshan in 487(lunar hegira). His in herent talent and truth-seeking desire guided him to understand truths and secrets. He resolves to leave his working on the poetical works and hometown in 437 (lunar hegira). During 7 years he had a long and dangerous trip and travelled He wrote a valuable itinerary fullof geographical historical and social information with simple and eloquent explanation and attractive description. This itinerary was the result of his sharp-sightedness curiosity accuracy and reflection. Based on it richness of Persian language left as a memorial. this great poet has described the same geographical information in his poetical works that is reflection of the time of this poet. The usages that the poet has had from the names of these cities are very interesting. the poet has enjoyed the names of these cities for beliefs vagrancies propagandizing of his religion peremptory and wordy matters or in the light of imagery. He left Khorasan because of its ignorant juris consults philosophers scholars and hypocrisy. He went to a small valley. He has pitied Khorasan and assumed the stone and soil of Yamgan more valuable than garnet of Badakhshan or musk of tatar. Therefore, considering the usage reasons of names of these cities for better decoding of this treasure of wisdom and faith is very effective. Therefore, we tried to proceed considering cities and reasons of their usage in poetical works of this great poet in Persian literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Analysis of Persian Classical Poetry Rhetoric; a Critical Look at Contemporary Poetry
Hamed Tavakoli DarestaniWith the advent of poems, prose and white, and with the loss of many features of classical Persian poetry, hard to the statement of a "novel" and part of a "prose poem" felt different, although today many theorists, to express some element dividing line such as "metapho MoreWith the advent of poems, prose and white, and with the loss of many features of classical Persian poetry, hard to the statement of a "novel" and part of a "prose poem" felt different, although today many theorists, to express some element dividing line such as "metaphorical" and the "virtual" have asked to between poetry and other literary texts, distinguish, looks back on this issue, the deadlock has been encountered. The most important features of classical Persian poetry, musical elements, prosodic weight and it is, that due to the elimination of these features in prose poems, many poems, in terms of substance and form, with lots of stories and novels are not distinguishable in this study, with some elements of classical poetry, is shown, which insists classical rhetoricians and poets, the prosodic elements such as weight, consciously and deliberately have been on and why the revolution in lyrics were not and did not want to get rid of prosodic meter limit therefore a critical review of blank verse and prose, and we will show that this kind of poetry, because the emancipation of musical elements and prosody, can never be perfect poem and in terms of form and substance with other literary texts, including novels and stories, etc., are not distinguishable and recognizable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Therapy, Different Function for poetry
Shabnam HatampourPoetry is seven arts and critics always notice position aesthetics. Man in current age both request's visual interest and mental pleasure of art both expects scientific approach of that. In the field of poetry, therapy, is greatest scientific achievements of literature MorePoetry is seven arts and critics always notice position aesthetics. Man in current age both request's visual interest and mental pleasure of art both expects scientific approach of that. In the field of poetry, therapy, is greatest scientific achievements of literature in the new era. Poetry therapy begin as new treatment for depressed patients in America, and find benefit results. Statistical society is 30 person of adult's that joined in 8 session selection of poems fare mindfully contents challenge. After doing pretest and posttest determine that: 1- depress men and women express effective behavior than poem. 2- Poem with themes challenge can détente out of depress individuals. 3- Men than women express better reaction than therapy with poem. 4- Poem avgmentsoptimism of men and women. It seems that more research about content of Persian poem that ability to therapy, introduction this therapy and proposed species in world and that institutionalize in health care centers of country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Signs Camouflage and Concealment of Words in Divan of Hafiz
Zohre Khalili Dorre DadjooMystery in Divan of Hafez overshadow on four levels include words, lines, sonnet and court poet. In this article we have investigated on mystery in the words level of Hafezs poems. In general, mystery refers to the subject covered and hidden in the curtains. Present stu MoreMystery in Divan of Hafez overshadow on four levels include words, lines, sonnet and court poet. In this article we have investigated on mystery in the words level of Hafezs poems. In general, mystery refers to the subject covered and hidden in the curtains. Present study with using statistic science made inferential analysis of Hafezs mystery in the frame of scientific and reasoning manner. The results of this research indicated differences and commonalities in camouflage and concealment of words in Divan of Hafez. By extracting the frequency of these words in Divan of poet and classify them in specific and targeted groups, it follows that each of them have unique properties, which is specific for it word. The final goal of present study is demonstrated of the subject that poet with the best possible way and completely conscious and selective provide any of the words for his purpose expression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Genostical Viewpoint about Existence in Poems of Gheisar Aminpour
Mansoore SalamatAbstract Common points in world’s genostical viewpoint lead to similar purports. genostical looking of Gheisar Aminpour may impressed of Molavi and Hafez from the past and Sepehri for the present. in this paper I try to investigate poet genostical thoughts by chos MoreAbstract Common points in world’s genostical viewpoint lead to similar purports. genostical looking of Gheisar Aminpour may impressed of Molavi and Hafez from the past and Sepehri for the present. in this paper I try to investigate poet genostical thoughts by chose of samples from recent two collections. Aminpour has learned to us good and pure looking and reform our understanding from ugliness and beauties. he pushes aside habit dust till we able to understand beauties. his looking to the existence is genostic. from his eye all of creations are beautiful and he saw himself as a part of the whole that have harmony with them. That is, he hears unity music in the nature by heart and hum it to us genostically. He wishes all part of nature-without their contradictions and contrasts- are in each other sides not in opposite. Then eliminate the good and bad war. In this paper I try to investigate poems of Gheisar Aminpour for analyze his genostical looking to the existence Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Typological Study of “Shaghaad Story” from Shahname based on Propp’s Theory
Yadollah ShokriThis paper seeks to analyze and consider the consistency of the “Shaghaad” story in “Shahname” based on Morphology theory of "Veladmier Propp". For this purpose, the theoretical foundation of Propp’s structuralist and morphology school of t MoreThis paper seeks to analyze and consider the consistency of the “Shaghaad” story in “Shahname” based on Morphology theory of "Veladmier Propp". For this purpose, the theoretical foundation of Propp’s structuralist and morphology school of thought is under consideration. Authenticity to the text, neglecting cultural, social and historical roots and paying attention to the reciprocal relations among text unit are considered. Items like four main rules in characters, constant and variable elements of the story, septet actions of characters, functions and different types of movements in the story are studied.The writer studied the Shaghaad story based on Propp’s findings and demonstrated the subjects by drawing tables and forms. It is shown that the story is adapted to Propp’s functions and the metathesis cases of functions and inconsistencies are specified. This query concludes that according to Propp’s pattern, this story has two movements there are instances that the story is not consistent with Propp’s pattern and there is a new function called destiny admittance in Iranian stories which is not mentioned in Propp’s pattern. There exists the idea of dualism in Shaghaad stories’ functions. Paying attention to the number three are seen in the form of three events in the fulfillment of the objectives of the characters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The Relationship of Possible Selves development of EFL Teachers with their Self-Efficacy and Students Achievement
Adel dastgoshadehTeacher efficacy belief is an essential factor constructed from different sources and proved to be “powerfully related to many meaningful educational outcomes such as teacher persistence, enthusiasm, commitment and instructional behavior, as well as student outcom MoreTeacher efficacy belief is an essential factor constructed from different sources and proved to be “powerfully related to many meaningful educational outcomes such as teacher persistence, enthusiasm, commitment and instructional behavior, as well as student outcomes such as achievement, motivation, and self-efficacy belief” (Tschannen-Moran & Hoy, 2001, p. 783). The present study was intended to investigate possible relationships of the development of EFL teachers’ possible selves with teacher efficacy and students’ achievement. Eighty-seven teachers selected from different Language Institutes participated in this study and filled in EFL teachers’ L2 Self Development Questionnaire as well as Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale (TSES). The participants were also requested to specify the mean scores of the achievement tests they administered to their students in the previous term. The results of data analysis indicated significant relationships of teachers’ possible selves development with their self-efficacy and students’ achievement. To investigate which components of possible selves might have more predictive power in predicting teacher’s self-efficacy and student’s achievement, regression analysis was run. The four subscales of possible selves – ideal, ought-to, actual, and feared selves- were found to be good predictors of teacher self-efficacy and only three subscales of possible selves including ideal, ought-to, and actual selves were strongly correlated with student’s achievement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Study of Semantic Relationships in Exocentric Compounds in Persian Language
Marjan Taheri Osgouei Zahra Parvinyrad Payman TabariIn linguistic research, compound word emerges from two or several lexical morphemes and at least it consists of two roots that both are words or are morpheme root. In many works, it is mentioned to Persian compound words but number of works that have the semantic point MoreIn linguistic research, compound word emerges from two or several lexical morphemes and at least it consists of two roots that both are words or are morpheme root. In many works, it is mentioned to Persian compound words but number of works that have the semantic point of view to Persian compound words with amount of researches that have examined these words has been little and purpose of this research is that with cognitive – semantic approach, we study types of the semantic relationships of exocentric compounds. From cognitive Linguistic point of view, the semantic relationship among compound parts is definite criterion for compound final interpretation. Endocentric Compounds have the Known Semantic relationships between your components: while exocentric compounds do not follow a certain pattern in this field. With reading books, studying newspapers have compiled these nouns and have studied the semantic relationships between exocentric compound according to list of Girju et al (2005) as a result of it was defined that exocentric compound names have 11 the semantic relationships, they include possession, simile and local relationships. The highest- frequency of these semantic relationships are metaphoric and numerical relationships and the least- frequency of them are causal. These researches can be used in the areas of morphology, can be helped us in opening the nodes of Persian Language grammar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - A Semiotic Analysis on Hafiz Poems Based on C.S. Peirce’s Theory on hope symbols
Nasrin AiniThe objective of this study is to find out the use of hope symbol in Hafiz poem. This study applied library research and compiled data were analyzed through descriptive analysis method. This method tried to describe, explain and analyze the using of symbol using semioti MoreThe objective of this study is to find out the use of hope symbol in Hafiz poem. This study applied library research and compiled data were analyzed through descriptive analysis method. This method tried to describe, explain and analyze the using of symbol using semiotic theory by Charles Sanders Pierce. The unit of analysis of this research is gazal and all 495 gazal of hafiz is considered. They were chosen to find the symbols. For the semiotic analysis, the researcher marked the data by choosing poems that were containing symbols. There were reading the poems intensely, and classifying the data containing symbol: categorizing the symbol so that could be understood each other in categorizing that symbol the writer put them in the table by synchronizing each symbol with each poem interpreting the meaning of that symbol After that it could be concluded that there are 18 gazal about hope that God is the most merciful and there are 15 gazal about hope for future, that there are 20 gazal about life expectancy or hope for last living with different symbol with different meaning and function .differences had given the different ideas. From semiotic of hafiz poem would like to convey the idea about hopefulness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Stylish Study of “The Eagle” by Khanlari, from the View Point of Language Literature and Thought Characteristics
Nafise Nik KhahPaviz Natel Khanlari is one of the prominent faces of the persio culture and literature in the contemporary periods. The most selected poetical collection of Khanlari is "The Moon in lagoon" and the most well-known his poem is a poetical song with the title of "eagle" i MorePaviz Natel Khanlari is one of the prominent faces of the persio culture and literature in the contemporary periods. The most selected poetical collection of Khanlari is "The Moon in lagoon" and the most well-known his poem is a poetical song with the title of "eagle" in 1318 which consists of new understanding from the old narrative in form of Mathnavi (couplet poet) pattern. This poem possesses eloquence and lingual characteristics and unique characterization which has distinguished that from other poems. Furthermore, the mental atmosphere dominant on this work includes expressing powers which had ever been in struggle within Khanlari and sometimes one had preference over the other, but he couldn’t t never reject truth and humanity. Manuscript profile
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