Agroecology Journal: 4 (3)

Open Access Article

1 - Evaluation of yield and yield components of bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.)
Maryam Amri Hamdollah Kazemi Arbat Mozaffar Rustaii

In order to evaluation of the relationships between some physiological and morphological traits with yield and its components in winter wheat, an experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Center of the Isla More

In order to evaluation of the relationships between some physiological and morphological traits with yield and its components in winter wheat, an experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Center of the Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch in 2008. Traits like plant height, peduncle length, number of the grains per spikes, grain weight, harvest index, grain yield, biological yield, straw weight were measured. Analysis of variance revealed that all characters were significantly different for all genotypes. This indicated significant genetic variations among the genotypes based on the measured traits. According to the results, there was a positive significant correlation between plant height with straw grain yield. Line No.2 (Shi#4414/Crow”s”//Kvz) produced the highest grain yield. Results of path analysis also revealed that straw weight had the highest  positive effect (0.95) on the grain yield. Thus, it could be concluded that traits evaluated in this study could be used in breeding programs to select the promising and high yielding wheat genotypes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Genetic diversity among rainfed wheat genotypes using RAPD markers and morphological traits
Reza Drikvand Elham Salahvarzi Tahmaseb Hossinpor Ahmad Esmaeli

 Diversity is very important for the breeding objectives, since a narrow genetic base of germplasm is very vulnerable to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, genetic diversity of 25 rainfed wheat genotypes were assessed using morphological traits as well as More

 Diversity is very important for the breeding objectives, since a narrow genetic base of germplasm is very vulnerable to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, genetic diversity of 25 rainfed wheat genotypes were assessed using morphological traits as well as 20 primers of RAPD markers. There were significant differences among genotypes for the most traits, indicating high genetic variations among wheat genotypes. Based on the molecular data, 197 bands were detected within 25 genotypes and 160 bands were polymorphs. Average mean number of bands per primer was 9.8. According to cluster analysis of similarity matrix of molecular and morphological data based on euclidean distances, similarities ranged between 0.56-0.83 and 1.92-108.96, respectively. Based on molecular data and morphological traits, the highest similarities were belonge to Gahar and Maron (0.83), and Kuhdasht and Pigo (1.92) varieties, respectively. The results showed that RAPD markers and morphological traits could distinct spring and winter wheat genotypes having high grain yield (Nestor, TV2, Katila-11 and GHK). Distinction of durum and bread wheat genotypes did not follow the same pattern. There was no significant correlation between two similarity matrices of molecular and morphological data. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Study of the relationship between morphological, physiological and chemical properties in camphor (Camphorosma monspeliaca L.)
Touraj Rahimi Farzad Paknejad Bohloul Abbaszadeh Mohammad Reza Ardakani Majid Zaree Valojerdi Masoumeh Layegh haghighi

In order to study the relationship between morphological, physiological and chemical characteristics of medicinal plant named camphor (Camphorosma monspeliaca L.), samples were collected from a natural habitat in Arak at the full flowering stage. Morphological traits su More

In order to study the relationship between morphological, physiological and chemical characteristics of medicinal plant named camphor (Camphorosma monspeliaca L.), samples were collected from a natural habitat in Arak at the full flowering stage. Morphological traits such as plant height, number of tillers, canopy diameter, total shoot yield and full flowering shoot yield were measured for 20-40 plants in each plot. The physiological traits measured were chlorophyll content, soluble sugars, proline, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, chlorine and iron. The results of correlation analysis indicated that total shoot yield had a positive significant correlation with full flowering shoot yield (r=0.97**), number of tillers (r=0.94**), canopy diameter 2 (r=0.83**), total chlorophyll 1 (r=0.79*), total chlorophyll 2 (r=0.77*), chlorophyll a (r=0.78*) and chlorophyll b (r=0.77*). The total shoot yield had a negative significant correlation with root length (r=-0.74*), root yield (r=-0.83**) soluble sugars (r=-0.76*), proline (r=-0.94**) and chlorine (r=-0.77). Flowering shoot yield had a significant positive correlation with the number of tillers (r=0.97**), canopy diameter 1 (r=0.77*), canopy diameter 2 (r=0.97**), total chlorophyll 1 (r=0.74*), and a negative significant correlation with root yield (r=-0.77*), soluble sugars (r=-0.97*), calcium (r=-0.72*) and chlorine (r=-0.81**). Soluble sugars showed a positive significant correlation with proline (r=0.83**), magnesium (r=0.88**), calcium (r=0.90*) and chlorine (r=0.91**). Proline had a positive significant correlation with magnesium (r=0.79*), calcium (r=0.79*) and chlorine (r=0.97**). The results of stepwise analysis of full flowering shoots as the dependent variable, showed that five traits, i.e. total shoot yield, iron, canopy diameter 2, chlorine and canopy diameter 1 were considered in the model as independent variables. However, the result of path analysis showed that total shoot yield had the highest direct positive effect on full flowering shoot yield. Results revealed that salinity reduced aerial organs and iron absorbsion, but camphor plants increased mineral absorbsion and expanded their root systems for salinity tolerance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Role of chromosomes 1 and 6 in the genetic control of agronomical traits in rice
Hossein Sabouri Mahnaz Katouzi Rasool Khatami Nejad

In order to mapping of QTLs related to agronomical traits, an F2:3 population derived from the cross between Shahpasand (indica) and IR28 (indica) was used to mapping agronomic traits in rice. The linkage map constructed by 33 simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular mark More

In order to mapping of QTLs related to agronomical traits, an F2:3 population derived from the cross between Shahpasand (indica) and IR28 (indica) was used to mapping agronomic traits in rice. The linkage map constructed by 33 simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers covered a total of about 336 cM rice chromosomes 1 and 6. Mapping population was grown in Gonbad Kavous University. Five QTLs, for biomass (Two QTLs) and harvest index (Three QTLs) were identified. The allele from IR28 parent increased biomass production. The additive effects of all alleles, except the alleles of qHI-1a increased measured traits in the plant. The QTLs related to harvest index were located on chromosomes 1 and 6 where the allele from IR28 at qHI-1b and qHI-6 increased harvest index. Number of filled grains, plant height, and panicle length, number of panicle, grain weight, and panicle weight were mapped. Three QTLs for number of filled grain were detected on chromosome 1(two QTLs) and choromosome 6 (1 QTL). Indeed, three QTLs on chromosomes 1 and 6 for the number of panicles, one QTL for the plant height (chromosome 6), one QTL for the panicle length and grain weight (chromosome 1) were identified. IR28 alleles in qFG-1a, qFG-1b and qFG-6 increased number of filled grains. Among these QTLs, the three major QTLs with very large effects, i.e. qFG-1a for number of filled grain, qLP-6 for panicle length and qWG-1  for grain weight explained 14.33, 12.45 and 11.99% of the total phenotypic variances, respectively. The results reinforced the idea that, new QTLs of this study could play an important role in the developing of rice populations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Effects of row distance and nitrogen fertilizer on agro-morphological traits and essential oil content of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.)
Godratallah Sharafi Masoud Rafiee Ali Khorgamy

German chamomile is an annual plant and is one of the important medicinal plants. Its flowers possess valuable active ingredients having several applications in herbal medicine. To evaluate the effect of row distance and nitrogen fertilizer on agro-morphological traits More

German chamomile is an annual plant and is one of the important medicinal plants. Its flowers possess valuable active ingredients having several applications in herbal medicine. To evaluate the effect of row distance and nitrogen fertilizer on agro-morphological traits and essential oil content of chamomile, a factorial experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete block design with two factors included net nitrogen at three levels (0, 100 and 200 kg/ha from urea source) and row distances with 35, 25 and 15 cm at the Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad Branch in 2009. The results showed that the highest yield was obtained in 15 cm row distancewith an application of 100 kg/ha nitrogen (N).  The highest dry matter (474.1 kg/ha) of flower and essential oil content (0.2%) were produced in 25 cm row distance with 100 kg/ha N. Regarding to the sustainable agriculture system in respect of reliable fertilizer use, nitrogen fertilizer (100kg/ha) along with agronomic practices like proper plant density, will lead to high production of essential oil and dry flower. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The effect of pretreatment of salicylic acid on radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seed germination under salt stress
Mojgan Ghanbari alireza eftekharian jahromi Shourangiz Javanmardi Mohsen Farzaneh

Optimal germination and plant establishment is an important consideration for agricultural productivity in arid and semi-arid areas. Priming is an approach for increasing plant establishment especially in undesirable conditions. To evaluate the effects of radish seeds p More

Optimal germination and plant establishment is an important consideration for agricultural productivity in arid and semi-arid areas. Priming is an approach for increasing plant establishment especially in undesirable conditions. To evaluate the effects of radish seeds priming with salicylic acid (SA) on seed germination indices and inducing tolerance to salt stress condition, this experiment was carried out. SA was applied as seed priming in 0, 1, 2 and 3 mM concentrations on radish seeds for 24 hours, then transferred to sterile Petri dishes and added 10 ml of NaCl solution with different concentrations including 0, 4, 8 and 12 dS/m. Germination rate and percentage, radicle and plumule length ratio, radicle / plumule weight ratio and proline content in radicle and plumule were recorded. Salinity decreased radish seed germination in high NaCl concentrations (12 dS/m). Application of SA increased germination percentage in stress and non-stress conditions. SA increased the plumule and radicle length ratio. However, 1 mM SA was the most effective treatment on the percentage and rate of seed germination. Proline content in plumule and radicle was increased under salt stress. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Effect of foliar application of zinc sulphate on quantitative and qualitative traits of soybean in Khorramabad region, Iran
Samira Adeli Ali Khorgami Masoud Rafiee

Effect of spraying zinc sulphate (ZnSo4) on yield and yield components of three soybean varieties wasstudied. A factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with four replications was carried out at the Islamic Azad University Research Farm, Khorrama More

Effect of spraying zinc sulphate (ZnSo4) on yield and yield components of three soybean varieties wasstudied. A factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with four replications was carried out at the Islamic Azad University Research Farm, Khorramabad region, in 2009. Factors were three varieties of soybean named, m7, m9, L17 and zinc sulphate solution spray at three levels of 0, 0.002 and 0.004 kg/l that applied at flowering and pod stages. Characteristics like seed yield, biological yield, oil percentage, oil yield, number of nodes per stem, average length of mid-node and harvest index were measured. The results showed that genotypes had a significant effect (p≤0.01) on seed yield, oil yield and biological yield (p≤0.05). Comparison of means (using Duncan's multiple range test) indicated that the highest seed yield (2130.9 kg /ha) and biological yield (2452.3 kg/ha) were obtained for the variety L17. The effect of different levels of ZnSo4 spraying and their interaction with variety showed significant differences (p≤0.05) on oil percentage and its value was reduced. The main effect of zinc sulphate spraying, variety and their interactions were not significant for the traits like stem diameter, number of nodes per stem, average length of mid-node and harvest index. Indeed, application of zinc sulphate solution on seed yield was not statistically significant. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Effects of planting date and plant density on yield and yield components of barley in a cold region of Aligoodarz, Iran
Hamid Reza Nazari Ezatollah Nabati

To study the effects of planting date and plant density on grain yield and physiological characteristics of barley, an experiment was conducted using Nosrat barley cultivar at cold area of Aligoodarz in 2007-2008. The experiment was a split plot based on a randomized co More

To study the effects of planting date and plant density on grain yield and physiological characteristics of barley, an experiment was conducted using Nosrat barley cultivar at cold area of Aligoodarz in 2007-2008. The experiment was a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plots were planting date at three levels (March 8, April 25, April 10 with average temperature degrees of 13,11 and 9ºc) and sub-plots were planting density at four  levels (300, 350, 400, 450 g/m2). The results showed that the effect of planting date significantly affected grain yield, straw yield, biological yield, 1000-grains weight and grain number per spike. The highest grain yield was 6.23 ton/ha at the planting date of March 8. Effects of planting density on yield, straw yield, tillers number per plant, 1000-grain weight and harvest index were also significant. Regarding to the effect of planting date and plant density interactions, the highest grain yield was obtained on the planting date of March 8 along with plant density of 350 g/m2 with 7.37 t/ha. Based on the results, it seems that planting date and plant density are important factors affecting yield and yield components of barley in cold areas like Aligoodarz, Lorestan province of Iran. Manuscript profile

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