sacrifice

Open Access Article

1 - The role of the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom in the implementation of resistance economy culture engineering from the perspective of the Supreme Leader
حسن سلطانی

The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom in the implementation of resistance economy culture engineering from the perspective of the Supreme Leader. The research method is descriptive-survey and the statistical po More

The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom in the implementation of resistance economy culture engineering from the perspective of the Supreme Leader. The research method is descriptive-survey and the statistical population is 380 academic staff members of Islamic Azad University, Shiraz branch. Using Morgan's table, the sample size was determined to be 181 people. The tools of data collection were two researcher-made questionnaires on the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom and the engineering questionnaire on the culture of resistance economy, which were distributed using a non-random sampling method. Data analysis has been done using correlation tests, analysis of variance and regression. The results of the research showed that there is a significant relationship between the components of the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom and the implementation of resistance economy culture engineering at the three levels of ideal, existing and goal. Therefore, the existence of the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom in universities provides a suitable platform for the implementation of resistance economy culture engineering, and with scientific and comprehensive planning and policies, the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom can be established in universities. Raise an acceptable level. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Analysis of Factors Affecting Consumer Preferences for Foreign Versus Domestic Brands
P. Ghafari Ashtiani P. Charsetad N. Loni

In many developing countries, many individuals (especially young people) view foreign brands as a status symbol. This paper explores the various factors affecting consumer preferences for foreign brands. College students in Arak City were surveyed, and st More

In many developing countries, many individuals (especially young people) view foreign brands as a status symbol. This paper explores the various factors affecting consumer preferences for foreign brands. College students in Arak City were surveyed, and structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. The results show that a need for uniqueness has a direct effect on attitudes toward foreign brands. Moreover, emotional value and social value have a greater effect on purchase intention toward foreign brands. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Factors affecting on the effectiveness increasing of sacrifice and martyrdom culture promotion procedures
Mehdi Shahnourozi Reza Ismaeili Soheila Parastegari Sayed Javad Imam jome zade

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to identify the effective factors and components on the ways of promoting the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom. Methods: in the combined method (qualitative and quantitative). The research community consisted of experts in t More

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to identify the effective factors and components on the ways of promoting the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom. Methods: in the combined method (qualitative and quantitative). The research community consisted of experts in the qualitative part that information of 32 people collected to saturated limit through semi-structured interviews and classified using thematic analysis. In the second part, population, about 500 people, were experts and executives of the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom in Isfahan. 200 people were purposefully selected as the sample size and the questionnaires were distributed. In the qualitative part, interview was the collection tools and in the qualitative phase was researcher-made questionnaire based on qualitative part. Findings: The results showed that the quality of the promoting works of sacrifice and martyrdom culture (89/3 percent) had the highest average of severity of impact among the effective components with 4/3 and realism in manufacturing and attention to products for kids and adolescents and enjoying the art and evolution and creativity in the practices, followed in the ranks. Conclusion: The research indicated that cultural factors had the highest impact in the effectiveness promoting of sacrifice and martyrdom culture with 77percent and 4/07 impact average, both collectively and in comparison with other factors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Soma and Haoma in Ancient India and Iran
مریم نوابی احمدرضا معتمدی

The ritual of Soma and Haoma is one of the most important rituals inancient India and Iran. In this ritual the plant Soma/Haoma was beingsqueezed until its juice being prepared. According to Avesta andgveda the first form of Soma/Haoma was a plant known because ofits e More

The ritual of Soma and Haoma is one of the most important rituals inancient India and Iran. In this ritual the plant Soma/Haoma was beingsqueezed until its juice being prepared. According to Avesta andgveda the first form of Soma/Haoma was a plant known because ofits extraordinary effects and gradually special rites was developedaround it. The rite of the preparation of Soma/Haoma juice wasaccompanied by special ceremonies and customs and it should beperformed only under the direction of the priests. Holiness of this plantgradually opened the way for appearance of a god with the same namei.e. the god Soma/Haoma. Therefore, several pieces in Avesta andRgveda were dedicated to this god. According to these pieces the mostimportant function of the god Soma/Haoma is bringing health andimmortality. It seems likely that the curative properties of this planthave been attributed to the god. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The Concept of Sacrifice form the Viewpoint of E. B. Tylor, H. Spencer and J. G. Frazer
فاطمه لاجوردی مینا بهاری

Sacrifice, as one of the most important religious rituals, is widespreadamong different nations and cultures of the world. This rite which hasbeen the subject of scholarly research for a long time involves variousaspects and a variety of subjects, objects and methods. D More

Sacrifice, as one of the most important religious rituals, is widespreadamong different nations and cultures of the world. This rite which hasbeen the subject of scholarly research for a long time involves variousaspects and a variety of subjects, objects and methods. During the lasttwo centuries scholars have dealt with this issue through differentapproaches such as sociological, psychological, mythological andphenomenological and thus have put forward various theories. Thepresent article tries to give a brief survey of the theories of threescholars, namely Edward Burnett Tylor, Herbert Spencer and James G.Frazer, concerning the origin, object and meaning of the sacrifice. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Challenge for the Inheritance: A Comparative Study of the Sacrifice of Abraham’s Son according to Jewish, Christian and Islamic Traditions
محمدرضا وصفی سید روح اله شفیعی

Abraham is the father of the Semitic religions, i.e. Judaism, Christianityand Islam. According to the sacred books of these religions Godcommands Abraham to offer his son as a sacrifice. However, the trueidentity of this son is a matter of debate, Jews and Christians re More

Abraham is the father of the Semitic religions, i.e. Judaism, Christianityand Islam. According to the sacred books of these religions Godcommands Abraham to offer his son as a sacrifice. However, the trueidentity of this son is a matter of debate, Jews and Christians refer toIsaac while Muslims mention Ishmael. But the question is what isreally important in this story? The true identity of the son or the faith ofAbraham and his loyalty to God’s decree? If the story is told fordrawing people’s attention to Abraham’s faith and persuading them tofallow his way, why such an argument has emerged? In an attempt toanswer this question present article firstly presents a comparativeaccount of the story according to the Bible and Qur’an. Then, itexplains the role of “Inheritance” as the key feature of this disputation.Finally by a historical survey of various interpretations we come to theconclusion that these traditions think of the son offered as a sacrifice asthe true heir to Abraham. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Comparative study of love components in the roman Tight door by André GIDE and the book Forty short letters to my wife by Nader Ebrahimi
maryam rafizadeh Majid Yousefi Behzadi

10.30495/clq.2022.694315

AbstractAndré Gide (1869-1951) and Nader Ebrahimi (1815-1897) are contemporary writers who have focused on the element of love based on spiritual motives and expressing their human feeling in (Tight door) and (Forty short letters to my life). Love in the writing More

AbstractAndré Gide (1869-1951) and Nader Ebrahimi (1815-1897) are contemporary writers who have focused on the element of love based on spiritual motives and expressing their human feeling in (Tight door) and (Forty short letters to my life). Love in the writing of these two writers is not limited to emotions and attachment, and as a major motif (subject) for expressing their opinions and ideas, they are, in fact, considered good and evil. Gide to show love representing the kind moral dependence in personality Alissa that he know to continue a mental rejoicing, moreover Ebrahimi believe this stability to be formed in union between virtue and respect internal. These two writers have made a link between love and sacrifice, which is more significant in the character of Alissa in (Tight door). From this perspective, in their writings and letters, they have spoken of love for sacrifice, spouse and loyalty, whose mystical, yet wise, attitude of love and affection is associated with the importance of love in social-family relationships. In this article love components, mention in Gide and Ebrahimi writings, will be considered by American school( similarities and contrasts) to show both writers with different attitudes towards love try to discover new concept of love. Manuscript profile

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8 - The Quranic Martyr in the History of Persian Poetry from Kasayee Maroozi to Behbahani Tajali
Azizollah Salari

Quoting a Hadith from Imam Reza, distinguished interpreters of the Holy Quran argue that by “The Great Sacrifice” in the Holy Verse “And We sacrificed it with The Great Sacrifice”, the Holy Qur’an is pointing to Hussein b. Ali. He is &ldquo More

Quoting a Hadith from Imam Reza, distinguished interpreters of the Holy Quran argue that by “The Great Sacrifice” in the Holy Verse “And We sacrificed it with The Great Sacrifice”, the Holy Qur’an is pointing to Hussein b. Ali. He is “God’s Sacrifice” and “God’s Blood” whose sacrifice occurred in 61 A.H. Definitely he is the most spiritual and Quranic martyr in human history. Therefore, Persian poets and authors have created significant and influential poems on the magnitude of Imam Hussein’s spiritual uprising. The most outstanding historical theme addressed by various Persian artists is the unique issue of Ashura which was realized through the brilliant acts of Hussein and his loyal and valiant comrades in Karbala. Being inspired by this great and invaluable epic, Persian artists have created a prominent literature, including the most eloquent and exalting poems on Ashura. The present article aims to review Ashura literature, from Kasayee Maroozi to Behbahani Tajali.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - A Comparative Study of Sacrifice in Primitive Tribes in the West and the Islamic and Quranic Viewpoint
Ali Mehdizadeh

One of the ways man frees and redeems himself from misfortunes and calamities is sacrifice and offerings to the higher powers and controllers of the world. One can find different shapes of sacrifice in all monotheistic and non-monotheistic religions. Sacrifice can be di More

One of the ways man frees and redeems himself from misfortunes and calamities is sacrifice and offerings to the higher powers and controllers of the world. One can find different shapes of sacrifice in all monotheistic and non-monotheistic religions. Sacrifice can be divided in two kinds, namely, sanguinary sacrifice and non-sanguinary sacrifice. In the religious traditions of the native peoples of the American continent, there existed the cruelest types of sacrifice to calm the anger of gods or to attract their attention. This article supplies a brief account of the different kinds of sacrifice from philosophic and religious point of view. Moreover, studying the Islamic and Quranic tradition can shed light on the nature of this action among uncivilized peoples.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - A Study on Viand Meaning in 5th Verse of Al Ma'ede Surah
Nahid Dehghan Afifi Amir Omrani Sardo

5th verse of Al Ma'ede Surah is one of the verses in which Ahl Al Ketab food has been called Halal for them. Interpreters and philologists have conflicts with each other on it; specially Shia and Sunni's jurists. Some know food as grains, fruits and bread. The complaint More

5th verse of Al Ma'ede Surah is one of the verses in which Ahl Al Ketab food has been called Halal for them. Interpreters and philologists have conflicts with each other on it; specially Shia and Sunni's jurists. Some know food as grains, fruits and bread. The complaints by interpreters and jurists are important and could not be ignored simply. The food or viand from Shia's view point means grains, wheat bread and fruits and could not be known as meat of sacrifice or other form under any conditions. Because if the abovementioned meats are known as viand, thus all foods which are halal for Ahl Al Ketab would be halal for Muslims too; and there is conflict between this theory and the ones in books and traditions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Review of Middle Schoolsâ Textbooks Content in Development of the Culture of Self-sacrifice and Martyrdom
hassan shahrakipou

This study has been conducted to examine the content of the textbooks (Farsi literature, Islamic culture, Religious education, Social education and history) of middle schools in development of the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom in 2011-12. The study methodology More

This study has been conducted to examine the content of the textbooks (Farsi literature, Islamic culture, Religious education, Social education and history) of middle schools in development of the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom in 2011-12. The study methodology is descriptive with a survey approach. The study population was included all of 826 teachers of Nishapur. By using the crèche & Morgan table, 262 teachers were selected from a random sampling. The used instrument in this study was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 37 statements made by educational experts and teachers. Its validity and reliability were confirmed and ready to implement by the calculated Cronbach’s alpha of 0.957. The obtained results of this study suggested that the content of middle school textbooks by using the T-test are involved within the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom, increasing the students' beliefs, the holy defense, respect for veterans groups (veterans, prisoners of war and the families of martyrs), students understanding of martyrs’ students characteristics and the propagation of holy defense. Friedman test was used for the subscale ratings. Manuscript profile

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12 - Imam Ali (AS)'s Altruistic mage in Thought of Attar and Rumi
Bashir Ashrafi Qorban emi

The present study, using a descriptive-analytical method, has examined the altruistic and self-sacrificing image of Imam Ali (as) in the thought of Attar and Rumi. The study of their works shows that the reason why modern humans favor their ideas derives from their emph More

The present study, using a descriptive-analytical method, has examined the altruistic and self-sacrificing image of Imam Ali (as) in the thought of Attar and Rumi. The study of their works shows that the reason why modern humans favor their ideas derives from their emphasis on human dignity and value and its most important manifestation is to love and serve human being, altruism. In their works, in addition to the sincere eulogy of Imam Ali (AS) and the expression of his attributes, they both refer to the major events of his life, expressing the kind and sacrificial character of him that God says about him: "And some people sacrifice their lives to gain God's favor." They praised Imam Ali (as) as a great model of moral virtues, especially love, sincerity, altruism and self-sacrifice, and encouraged people to follow him. Because he, who according to Attar is "the mountain of sorrow and the door of knowledge and the center of religion", considers the first principle in associating with people as love, respect and friendship of others and addresses the Malik: "Fill your heart with people's affection and their friendship and favor". "In fact, his practical life has been full respect and trust in others." Rumi also called him "the pride of every prophet and every saint" and called him the master of all believing men and women, who always considered altruism as one of the important principles of his teachings and his heart was full of loving people and guiding them. Manuscript profile

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13 - The study of relationship between young generation’s media consumption and their attitudes to the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom
Nasser Torreyhi Mehran Samadi

This study aims to investigate the relationship between young generation’s media consumption and their attitudes to the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom. The sample of the study is obtained through multi-stage cluster sampling method. The sample size was determi More

This study aims to investigate the relationship between young generation’s media consumption and their attitudes to the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom. The sample of the study is obtained through multi-stage cluster sampling method. The sample size was determined 366 people in accordancewith Cochran formula. The results showed that, there is a significant relationship between the use of media and the students’ positive attitudes towards the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom. It means that, the greater the amount of media consumption the less students’ positive attitude to the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom will be.       Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - The public identities in Iran
Keramatollah Rasekh

The aim of this study, as two earlier essays, is the study of collective identities in Iran. This article refers to the public identity. The study was carried out on the basis of grounded theory. The theoretical approach of the research is based on the ideas of Bernhard More

The aim of this study, as two earlier essays, is the study of collective identities in Iran. This article refers to the public identity. The study was carried out on the basis of grounded theory. The theoretical approach of the research is based on the ideas of Bernhard Giessen and Samuel Eisenstaedt about identity. The race, language, ethnicity, religious and denominational affiliation are the main elements of primarylian identities, while the customs, conventions, behaviors and cultural characteristics are influential indices of traditional identities. Religion was one of the most important sources of public identity up to the emergence of modernity. In today’s world modernism became also the source of public identity. The reaction against modernity as a source of public identity was heavy in traditional societies. Moreover, the factors such as gender and class affiliations, educational level, social class and lodging are influential on the reaction of people against modernity. The findings of the study show that, the Iranian society consisting of different identities reacted strongly against the modernity. This resistance developed in the 1960s and 1970s into a mass movement and led to the revolution of 1979.   Manuscript profile

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15 - Descriptive semantics of the Qur'anic monograph "Nahr" and its pathology in translations and interpretations of the Qur'an.
Abd Ai-Reza PurMatlub

Why the choice and preference of the word "raising the hands up to the level of the ears and the hollow of the neck" over the word "sacrifice" in the meaning of the word "river" which is one of the words of the Holy Qur'an and is of great importance due to its multiple More

Why the choice and preference of the word "raising the hands up to the level of the ears and the hollow of the neck" over the word "sacrifice" in the meaning of the word "river" which is one of the words of the Holy Qur'an and is of great importance due to its multiple meanings. is the main subject of this research. The result of the analysis of semantics in this research and also the use of the rule of context and the content of the verses of the Surah, the content context of the order of revelation and the space of the revelation of the Surah, as well as the meaning of the dignity of the revelation shows that although according to the determining situation of words and traditions, Nahr means "raising the hands in front of the face, or in front of the hollow of the throat during takbeer", but it is still not the preferred word and it can be said that the word nahr can be applied to both meanings, but according to the evidence presented, it seems that the promise of sacrifice is Rajeh's promise. Manuscript profile

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16 - Myth of Sacrifice in the Works of Bahram Beyzai
Roqayeh Vahābi Daryākanāri Maryam Hoseini

Sacrificing is one of the oldest rites that has been noticed by religions and nations.Throughout the ages, human beings have tried to obtain the satisfaction of the gods and to protect from the anger of them by giving gifts and sacrificing. The aim of the present articl More

Sacrificing is one of the oldest rites that has been noticed by religions and nations.Throughout the ages, human beings have tried to obtain the satisfaction of the gods and to protect from the anger of them by giving gifts and sacrificing. The aim of the present article is to analyze "the myth of sacrifice" in the screenplays and plays of Bahram Beyzai. Beyzai has an extensive knowledge about myths and has used a variety of them to write his literary works. In his writings, he has used "the myth of sacrifice" in two ways. First, throughout a story, he has explicitly spoken about the ritual of "myth of sacrifice" in various forms and for various purposes. Second, he has created screenplays or plays that "hero-sacrifice" is the main character of them. And sometimes, this creative writer uses both ways. In the present article, the play Kalat Claimed and screenplays The Tales of Mir-e Kafanpoush, The land, Talhak and the Others and The Scrolls of Sheikh Sharzin are analyzed. The results of the research show that Beyzai uses a variety of sacrifices, such as bloody-human, bloody-animal, and unbloody (drinks) sacrifices. In his narratives, he divides the purpose of sacrificing into three types: for atoning, for imploration and for thanksgiving. Also, "hero-sacrifice" has a significant presence in his works.  Manuscript profile

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17 - The Mythological Analysis of Gāv, Based on the Archetypal Role of Cow in the Iranian Mythology
Sadreddin Tāheri

In animist cultures, the chosen animal represents an eternal power, which needs to be ritually sacrificed to blessing or as atonement for sins. In an altar, sometimes the chosen man and the chosen animal substitute one another. In the Abrahamic religions, the successor More

In animist cultures, the chosen animal represents an eternal power, which needs to be ritually sacrificed to blessing or as atonement for sins. In an altar, sometimes the chosen man and the chosen animal substitute one another. In the Abrahamic religions, the successor sacrifice is often a camel or a sheep. But taking a look at pre-Islamic Iranian beliefs reveals that for the ancient Iranians the chosen animal is cow which in its archetypal role, as the sacrifice, blesses the nature. The purpose of the present article is to explore the mythological roots in Gāv (The Cow), a screenplay by Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, with a comparative mythological approach. The research has been done by using descriptive-analytical and developmental method and its qualitative data have been collected in a documentary manner. The result of the research reveals that the mythological actors of this narrative are as follows: the shaman (Mash Islam), the nuns (Naneh Khanom and Naneh Fatemeh), the devilish powers (the Porusi bandits), the sacrificial animal (the cow) and the sacrificial man (Mash Hasan). After the cow dies, Mash Hasan substitutes for it, and eventually he suffers the same death as the cow. In this way, the border between the sacrificial animal and the sacrificial man is abolished.   Manuscript profile

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18 - The Rite of Sacrifice in Biveh-koshi; A Study Based on the Ideas of Mircea Eliade
Hodā Arabzādeh Mehrāsā Rahmāni

The Rite of Sacrifice in Biveh-koshi; A Study Based on the Ideas of Mircea Eliade The concept of sacrifice is one of the major themes in Biveh-koshi (Widow Killing) a novel by Yousef Alikhani. It contributes to the coherence of the narrative and the sequence of events More

The Rite of Sacrifice in Biveh-koshi; A Study Based on the Ideas of Mircea Eliade The concept of sacrifice is one of the major themes in Biveh-koshi (Widow Killing) a novel by Yousef Alikhani. It contributes to the coherence of the narrative and the sequence of events in the story. Various mythologists have studied the subject of sacrifice in the culture of different ethnic groups, including Mircea Eliade, who equates sacrifice with the act of creation and the necessity of life. He believes that nothing can be created without sacrifice. Biveh-koshi is a contemporary example of the rite of sacrifice. In the novel, the successive sacrifices of the seven sons of Hazratgholi and the sacrificing a lamb instead of a virgin girl are reminiscent of mythological idea of the rite of sacrifice. In the present study, the authors, by using an analytical-comparative approach, have first interpreted the main theories of Mircea Eliade about concepts such as the myth of creation, sacrificing and the initial perfection. Then, they have analyzed the elements of the rite of sacrifice in Biveh-koshi in order to explain the views of Eliade and to evaluate their compatibility with the narrative of the story. The results of the study show that the narrative of Biveh-koshi is a manifestation of the conflict between the myths of creation and fertility.     Manuscript profile

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19 - Ritual Drinking of Wine as a Modified Form of Drinking Blood of the Sacrifice
ayoob omidi

10.30495/mmlq.2022.697529

Ritual drinking of wine is rooted in the rite of sacrifice and is a modified form of blood drinking. Over time, the blood drinking ritual has been replaced by the wine drinking. There is an association between blood and wine, and red wine is more similar to the blood of More

Ritual drinking of wine is rooted in the rite of sacrifice and is a modified form of blood drinking. Over time, the blood drinking ritual has been replaced by the wine drinking. There is an association between blood and wine, and red wine is more similar to the blood of the sacrifice than anything else. According to what is mentioned in Persian narrative poetry texts, due to the importance and position of the kings, wine drinking was often held in their memory. After the kings, there were heroes in whose honor the most wine drinking rituals were held, because they were supporters of royal glory, national independence and defense of people against foreigners. Recommending to drink wine in memory of heroes and elders (before war and after death) is an invitation to a ritual, and it has an effect on their afterlife destiny and is the cause of attracting the spiritual and spiritual power of wine drinkers. The present research, by using descriptive-analytical method and referring to Persian narrative poetry texts (written till 7th A.H. century), attempts to show that ritual drinking of wine is a modified way of drinking the blood of a victim in primitive rituals. The results of the research show that collective wine drinking in battlefield and banquet of kings, heroes and elders is a kind of non-bloody offering to the spirit of the departed; collective wine drinking leads to longevity, health and prosperity. It causes the spiritual union of wine drinkers with the soul of the departed. Manuscript profile

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20 - The Ritual of Sacrifice of Animals in the Persian Poetry-Narrative Texts; An Analysis Based on Theories of Sacrifice
ayoob omidi maryam mosharraf

10.30495/mmlq.2021.687443

The ritual of sacrifice, as a religious-social behavior, is one of the ancient rituals that has remained among different ethnic groups in different ways. The present study tries to study the position of sacrificial animals in the Persian poetry-narrative texts (up to th More

The ritual of sacrifice, as a religious-social behavior, is one of the ancient rituals that has remained among different ethnic groups in different ways. The present study tries to study the position of sacrificial animals in the Persian poetry-narrative texts (up to the 7th AH century) through a descriptive-analytical method. The results of the research show that sacrificial humans are gradually being replaced by sacrificial animals, and this is one of the good deeds of the founders of the divine religions. According to various texts of Persian literature, most animals like cows, camels, sheep, horses and sometimes mares, zebras, donkeys and chickens are sacrificed on various occasions such as scapegoating, repelling misfortune, protecting from evil eye, thanksgiving, succeeding in affairs, giving birth to child, repelling magic and talisman. The ritual of sacrifice is equally reflected in epic and mystical texts, but in the lyrical texts, due to the romantic atmosphere of them, there is often talk of donating animals to temples and fire temples, and there is rarly talk of shedding animal blood. Fraser's theory about scapegoating  as well as Tylor and Boyce's views about the sacrifice as a gift to the gods are more efficient and flexible than other theories.  Manuscript profile

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21 - Examining the Mythological and Ritual Aspects in a Verse by Manochehri (The Bride Submerged in the Abyss of the China Sea)
Zahra Zarei Hamid Reza Kharazmi

10.30495/mmlq.2023.708636

Some of the verses penned by Persian poets allude to specific mythological rituals, which can only be fully understood by examining the fundamental aspects of these ceremonies. In this research, we aim to explore the historical origins of the rite mentioned in the secon More

Some of the verses penned by Persian poets allude to specific mythological rituals, which can only be fully understood by examining the fundamental aspects of these ceremonies. In this research, we aim to explore the historical origins of the rite mentioned in the second stanza of a verse by Manochehri, a renowned ode poet from the 5th century AH. The verse in question is: "The vibrant capercaillie concealed in the farmland, like the bride submerged in the abyss of the China Sea." To achieve this objective, the authors of this study have employed mythological theories and referenced various myths through a descriptive-analytical approach. The findings of our research indicate that, during a particular period in China, young girls were offered as sacrifices in rivers, adorned with decorative attire and makeup, for reasons such as bestowing life and averting floods. Manuscript profile

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22 - Decoding the Rite of Sacrifice in Myth, Mysticism and Culture
Najimeh Āzādi Deh Abbāsāni

There are many similarities between myth, mysticism and culture; one example of the similarities is the rite of sacrifice which is as old as human life. In the present article, the rite is studied from mythological, mystic and cultural perspectives. Also, the attempt is More

There are many similarities between myth, mysticism and culture; one example of the similarities is the rite of sacrifice which is as old as human life. In the present article, the rite is studied from mythological, mystic and cultural perspectives. Also, the attempt is made to consider the connection of assimilation of religions, sacrificing man or animal, mingling of the rite with superstitions, the story of Slaughtering Ismā'eil and the opinion of Quran about the rite.  Manuscript profile

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23 - What is the Concept of Self-sacrifice from the Perspective of the Qur'an and how to Teach it with Emphasis on Educational Goals and Content
farzaneh alizadeh Maasomeh Alsadat Hosseini Mirsafi , MR. Shirazi

The concept of self-sacrifice is one of the highest effective and motivating moral values able to affect the atmosphere of a society widely and guarantee the permanence and consistency of human societies. However, while there is no serious dispute about the necessity an More

The concept of self-sacrifice is one of the highest effective and motivating moral values able to affect the atmosphere of a society widely and guarantee the permanence and consistency of human societies. However, while there is no serious dispute about the necessity and importance of the concept of self-sacrifice, there is disagreement about what it is and its operational meaning. In response to this situation, this article intends to explain the concept of the moral value of self-sacrifice based on the verses of the Qur'an, to suggest goals and educational content related to this concept. The research methods used in this article are descriptive semantics and content analysis. The results of the research show that self-sacrifice is a central social moral value and it's most important pillars are relationship and relationship with another. According to these two dimensions, self-sacrifice is a special form of a person's relationship with another person in which the person prioritizes the needs and desires of the others. From an educational point of view, in order to institutionalize the value of self-sacrifice in learners, it is desirable to use a competency-based goal setting model and an integrated approach in content development. Manuscript profile

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24 - The Mythology of Fertility and Mythical Allusions in The Kaleidar
Arash Moshfaghi Habib Hassan Nejad

Abstract         The pattern of fertility is of repetitive and basic one  in the world of mythology which narrates the story of godlady of mermaid 's( love and fertility )in the plantgod  followed by its death and rebirth. G More

Abstract         The pattern of fertility is of repetitive and basic one  in the world of mythology which narrates the story of godlady of mermaid 's( love and fertility )in the plantgod  followed by its death and rebirth. George Frazer believes that this common pattern  which is the incarnation of plant growth in spring and its droopiness in the drought of summer and rebirth again in different ways become brilliant in the mythological and epic texts. " The Kaleidar " , the epic and love novel of Mahmood Dowlatabadi is one of the best literary novels that talks about the fertility of myth based on four elements of rebellion , death, fertility and rebirth. The eternal characteristics of The Kaleidar like the mythical – epics heroes of Orisis, Alis, and Siawash challenge the cruel gods and knowingly encounter death and survive once more and revolutionizes the society's thoughts and provoke uprising of the people. Furthermore, the writer of this work has pointed out to the sacrifice's myth  which manifests itself in the archetypal form of filicide, fratricide , and the youth killing. He's also dealt with the opposition of goodness and evil or dualism which are the most important characteristics of Persian mythology and has utilized the mythological stance of well which has an ancient precedence to suit the modern novel in the present day.  Manuscript profile

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25 - The study and analysis of suicide in epic texts based on theories of sacrifice
ayoob omidi

In the beliefs of predecessors suicide had a religious aspect and was committed for various reasons.  People believed that by offering their lives to the gods, they would actually serve them and their death bring welfare and prosperity to the society or that they w More

In the beliefs of predecessors suicide had a religious aspect and was committed for various reasons.  People believed that by offering their lives to the gods, they would actually serve them and their death bring welfare and prosperity to the society or that they would join their beloved and guardian in the other world and find peace in heaven for this reason wholeheartedly they embraced death.  This research is an attempt to study the methods of suicide in epic texts until the 7th century using the descriptive analytic method.  Results show that suicide is a voluntary act, an example of human sacrifice and its examples are more prominent in Shahnameh and Garshaspnameh than other epics.  In epic texts suicide is carried out in five ways namely taking poison, bloodshed (cutting off head and tearing open the side), throwing oneself from the fortress, self-immolation, and refusing to eat and drink (starvation).  Among the above methods bloodshed is more prominent for it seems that blood has an important role in fertility of nature.  Suicidal case are seen more in Shahnameh in comparison with Garshaspnameh however intentions for suicides are more diverse in the latter.  In shahnameh suicide is committed either for mourning a child and close relatives, or to defend an insult while this act in Garshaspnameh is often done for fertility reasons in nature, satisfaction of idols, prediction of future events and earning respect of the gods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Comparative analysis of serpent Zahhak’s myth Based on the old tradition of sacrifice for serpent Gods of the Underworld
Farzad Ghaemi

Zahhak, the most central demonic creature in Shahnameh, equivalent to Avestic Azdyhak and the three headed dragon of Indo-Iranian origin is one of the most distinct evil creatures in Mazdisna writings. Numerous interpretations of the Zahhak’s myth were made and co More

Zahhak, the most central demonic creature in Shahnameh, equivalent to Avestic Azdyhak and the three headed dragon of Indo-Iranian origin is one of the most distinct evil creatures in Mazdisna writings. Numerous interpretations of the Zahhak’s myth were made and considering the fact that Zahhak is of the Arab origin in Shahnameh, and assuming that the plain where horsemen fight with spears (Dashte Savarane Nayzehgozar) a place within Iraj’s domain in Shahnameh is one with the Arabic Sahara, certain interpretations regard the Zahhakk’s myth as a legacy of the migrants’ battles with the races of the Sami origin such as Assurians, Sumerians, and Babylonians. While criticizing other interpretations this research shows that Zahhak’s myth could be related to the Underworld Serpent God in the ethnic cultures of Iran’s plateau and its adjacent lands. According to this myth, the best youth were sacrificed for the God of the Underworld and the dragon killing myth is not a relic of a historic battle, but a symbol to end this bloody tradition of the prehistory.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - The role of the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom on the feeling of social security mediated by spiritual intelligence
aghil rastegari maryam hafezian

Introduction and Objective: In this study, the effect of the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom in relation to the feeling of social security with the mediating role of spiritual intelligence was examined in the form of a causal model. Method:The statistical popu More

Introduction and Objective: In this study, the effect of the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom in relation to the feeling of social security with the mediating role of spiritual intelligence was examined in the form of a causal model. Method:The statistical population of the study consisted of all employees of the organization of the martyr Foundation of North Khorasan Province in 160 people who were selected by stratified random sampling of 113 persons according to Morgan's Curriesi Journal (1972). To collect data from social security questionnaires, self-sacrifice culture And martyrdom and spiritual intelligence were used. The reliability of the questionnaires was ./83, ./90, and ./92 respectively, indicating high validity and reliability of the questionnaire. In order to analyze the hypotheses of the research, the structural model method has been used with the help of Lisrel software. Findings: The results of the structural equation model showed that the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom with a value of 0.54 affects the feeling of social security and the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom with a value of 0.48 affects spiritual intelligence and spiritual intelligence with a value of 0.36 affects the feeling of social security. Conclusion: The results showed that by strengthening the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom, the feeling of social security has also increased, in which spiritual intelligence plays a positive mediating role. Manuscript profile

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