• List of Articles pottery

      • Open Access Article

        1 - Identification and Classification of Albarello Pottery Wares in the Muslim World: An Introduction
        Sayed Hashem Hossini Hossein Sapidnameh
        One of the most common forms of pottery in the Islamic world is the so-called “Albarello” potteries which offer a huge variety in terms of decoration and techniques. It seems there is no specific study on the form, preparation technique, and decoration of th More
        One of the most common forms of pottery in the Islamic world is the so-called “Albarello” potteries which offer a huge variety in terms of decoration and techniques. It seems there is no specific study on the form, preparation technique, and decoration of this pottery form so far. This research aimed to investigate and identify this pottery form and its decoration properties in Muslim world from Iran to the north of Africa. Based on the study performed, Albarello potteries can be classified under two groups: the potteries with a cylindrical and slightly concave (vase-shaped) body and those with a convex body. Cylindrical concave potteries are utilized for keeping dry drugs such as spices and ointment, and convex potteries are used for storing liquid drugs. The production of these potteries has been widespread in Iran since the 4th century AH. The expansion of pottery techniques in the middle of Seljuqs dynasty has had a direct relationship with the mass production of these potteries (Luster pottery) in Iran and western regions of the Islamic world such as Syria, Egypt, and Spain. References Akbari, Raheleh, Barrisī wa Muṭāliih- yi Madjmūa- yi Sufālhāyi Zarrīnfām- i Makhzan- i Mūza- yi čihil-Sutūn (Chehel Sotoun), Master's Thesis Akbarnia, ladan “The route of the travelers Egypt and Syria the mamluk”, the worlds of Islam in the collection of the agha khan museum, pp.124-135, 2009. archaeology, ­ Isfahan University of Art(Unpublished), 1391/ 2012. Allan, JamesWilson, Sufālgarī-yi Islāmī (Islamic ceramics), Trans. Mahnaz Shayestehfar, Institute for Islamic Art, Tehran, 1383/ 2004. Bahnassi, Afif, Hunar- i Islāmī, Trans. Mahmoud Pour Aghasi, Sooreh Mehr Publication, Tehran, 1387/ 2008. Barari, Meysam, Sufāl-i- Sārī Ḳurūn- i 3 tā 5 Hidjrīyi Ḳamarī, Gol Dasteh, Isfahan, 1394/ 2015. Blair, Sheila & Bloom, Jonathan, Hunar wa Mimārī yi Islāmī(2)(The art and architecture of Islam), Trans. Azhand Yaghoub, SAMT, Iranian Academy of the Arts, Tehran, 1381/ 2002. Brend, Barbara, Hunar- i Islāmī (Islamic Art), Trans. Mahnaz Shayesteh Far, Institute for Islamic Art, Tehran, 1383/ 2004. http://cartelen.louvre.fr http://collections.vam.ac.uk Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar, Lughat-Nāma, Vol. 7, Mohammad Moin & Jafar Shahidi(as Supervisor), University of Tehran Press, (Und.). Dimand, Maurice Sven, Rāhnamā- yi Ṣanāy Islāmī (A Handbook of Muhammadan Art), Shirkat- i Intishārāt- i ʿIlmī wa Farhangī, Tehran, 1386/ 2007. Elgood, Cyril, Tibb dar Dawra-yi Ṣafawiyya, Trans. Mohsen Javidan, University of Tehran Press,Tehran, (Und.). Ettinghausen, Richard, Grabar, Oleg, Hunar wa Mimārī- yi Islāmī(1) the art and architecture of islam, Trans. Yaghoub Azhand, SAMT, Tehran, 1383/ 2004. Grabar, Oleg, Shahr dar Djahān- i Islām, Trans. Mehrdad Vahdati Daneshmand, Nashr- i Baṣīrat, Tehran, 1390/ 2011. Grube, Ernst J., Sufāl- i Islāmī(collection of Islamic art), Revised by Naser Khalili, Nashr- i Kārang, Tehran, 1384/ 2005. Haddon, Rosalind Anne Wade, Fourteenth Century fine Glazed Wares produced in the Iranian world, and comparisons with contemporary ones from the Holden Horde and Mamluk Syria/ Egypt, PhD Thesis. SOAS, University of London, 2011. Hall, A. R., A new collection of Islamic Pottery, Bulletin of the Museum of Fine Arts 32 : 58-67, 1934. Karimi, Fatemeh & Kiani, Muhammad Yusuf, Hunar- i Sufālgarī- yi Dawra- yi Islāmī Iran, Markaz- i Bāstān Shināsī Iran, Tehran, 1364/ 1985. Kāshānī, Abū al- Ḳāsim ʿAbdallah, Arāyis al- Djawāhir wa Nafāyis al- Aṭāyib, Revised by Iraj Afshar, Intishārāt- i Lāmiʿī, Tehran, 1386/ 2007. Lane, A., Later Islamic pottery, (second edition), London, 1971. Mahjour, Firoz & Sedighian, Hosein, “Barrisī- yi Sufālhāyi Islāmī Muḥawwaṭa- yi Mishkīn Tappeh Parandak Dar Ustān- i Markazī”, Madjala- yi Payām- i Bāstān Shinās, No.12, pp.120- 105, 1388/ 2009. www.metmuseum.org/art/collection Morgan, Peter, Sufāl KhamÊr SangÊ IranÊ Dawrān SaljåÎi, Islamic Ceramic Collection, Collected by Naser Khalili & Stephen Vernoit, Tehran, 1384. Muḥammad Ḥusayn b. Khalaf Tabrīzī, Burhān- i Ḳāṭi, Amīrkabīr, Tehran, 1341/ 1962. Neyestani, Javad & Rouhfar, Zohreh, Sākht- i-Liāb- i Zarrīnfām dar Iran, Ārmān Shahr, Tehran, 1389/ 2010. http://www.qantara-med.org Sedighian, Hossain & Panteha HajNaseri, “Sufāl-i-Zarrinfam Kurån MÊyānih Islami wa Marākiz tawlÊdÊ ān”, Majalih Muãāliāt BāstānShināsÊ Dawrān-i-Islami, No.1, 1395. Rice,Talbot , Hunar- i Islāmī(islamic art), Trans. Mah Malek Bahar, Shirkat- i Intishārāt- i ʿIlmī wa Farhangī, Tehran, 1386/ 2007. Tawḥīdī, Fāʾiḳ, Fann wa Hunar- i Sufālgarī, SAMT, Tehran, 1384/ 2005. Treptow, Tanya, Daily Life Ornamented the Medieval Persian City of Rayy, Chicago: Oriental Institute Museum Publications,  No.26,­ 2007. Watson, Oliver, Sufāl- i Zarrīnfām- i Iranī (Persian lustre ware), Trans. Shokooh Zakeri, Iran Broadcasting University, 1382/ 2003.                                             Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Analysis of the structure of proverbs made of "Cebu" pottery in Saeb Tabrizi's poems
        khatere esmailzadeh Ramin Sadeghinejad Maryam Mohammadzadeh
        A proverb is a literary form that pays particular attention to its linguistic structure, much like a riddle. But the purpose of the proverb is not to mask the meaning, but to compact it in a memorable way. All types that condense the wisdom of this world and past experi More
        A proverb is a literary form that pays particular attention to its linguistic structure, much like a riddle. But the purpose of the proverb is not to mask the meaning, but to compact it in a memorable way. All types that condense the wisdom of this world and past experience into short headings that can be referred to in the present are proverbs, stories, rulings, and acronyms. One of the main features of Indian style poetry is the use of proverbs. The poets of this style were influenced by the everyday living environment. As the most influential poet of this genre, Saeb Tabrizi, the genius of the audience, led him to make the most of the literary form of proverbs in order to understand ethical, mystical and social issues better and more efficiently. The proverb has great variety and breadth in Saeb's sonnets. Saeb has used every subject and tool for his purpose. Pottery is one of the most accessible tools and means of living of ordinary people in the street and bazaar, which has a high capacity to create the literary form of proverbs. It is not possible to study the proverbs made of all pottery in Saeb's multi-poet divan in one article. Let us show a proverb from Cebu pottery in literary form. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - The Role of Pottery in the Reflection of the Mysticism of Hazin-e-Lahiji
        Khatereh Esmaeilzadeh Ramin sadeghinazhad Maryam Mohammadzadeh
        Mysticism in one of the main pillars of persian literature and mystical literature is one of its basic branches; hence poets, whether those who were literally mystic or those who were pretending to mysticism, have used mystical terms in their poems. The main feature of More
        Mysticism in one of the main pillars of persian literature and mystical literature is one of its basic branches; hence poets, whether those who were literally mystic or those who were pretending to mysticism, have used mystical terms in their poems. The main feature of Indian style is the illustration. One of the palpable and accessible element in public life of the most people that poet can do illustration with it, is pottery. Hazin-e-Lahiji by using potteries and tying it with mystical terms has created dynamic imagery and critical- social contents in order to engourage the audionces to turn to love, truth, reproach the ascetic to quit the hypocrisy, discord and finally enlighten the people that shows the hight importance of pottery in reflecting the mysticism of Hakim Lahiji. The high frequency of this images and contents in Lahiji's Divan is big enough to known as a characteristic of his personal style. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Study of Women's Clothing in the Sixth Century (AH) and its Impact on the Social Status of Women Based on Enamel -Work Pottery Figures
        Khadijeh Sharif Kazemi Fakhredin Mohamadian Sayyed Rasool Mousavi Haji
        The purpose of the present study was to investigate the type of Iranian women's clothing in the sixth century (AH), and its impact on the social status of women of that period based on the enamel -work paintings. The population of the present study was the female motifs More
        The purpose of the present study was to investigate the type of Iranian women's clothing in the sixth century (AH), and its impact on the social status of women of that period based on the enamel -work paintings. The population of the present study was the female motifs on the enamel -work pottery which have been studied based on objective documentation of women's clothing. This research was conducted with a descriptive-analytical method. To collect data library resources and field studies were used via visiting and examining clay art collections. The rational and methodological study of archaeological evidence, examples of how the clothing of past societies can play an important role in rebuilding their social and cultural system. Archaeological evidence in the middle period of Islam such as paintings and paintings on enamel -work and luster painted potteries could be valuable in recognizing and reflecting the attitudes and influences of social and cultural structures on women's clothes in this period. The results of this study showed that there were several factors in this course such as the type of climate of the region, the pattern of the traditional styles, indigenous styles, and the type of demand for quality and the appearance of clothing has been impressive. The type of women's clothing in this period was proportional to the social atmosphere and the venue in which they would attend. In fact, the themes and types of motifs on the women's clothing of the Seljuk period can represent a part of the culture and position of the women of that period. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Archaeological Excavations at Moneh Cave (Landeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province)
        Seyed Mahmoud Mireskandari
        10.30495/peb.2023.703601
        Due to suitable environmental conditions, some caves have been the center of human settlement and human activities for a long time. Therefore, the sedimentary layers of the bottom of the caves and their rocky walls always contain valuable evidence of the cultural evolut More
        Due to suitable environmental conditions, some caves have been the center of human settlement and human activities for a long time. Therefore, the sedimentary layers of the bottom of the caves and their rocky walls always contain valuable evidence of the cultural evolution of human societies. Moneh Cave is one of the ancient places of Landeh County in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, which has been the focus of past humans due to its special conditions. The emergence of disputes and conflicts among the residents of the area due to their unauthorized excavations in this cave provided the ground for its archaeological excavations. The archaeological research on the cave led to the identification of three halls and a communication corridor between the halls. In addition, the exploration of two boreholes in this cave brought the time of its use to the Late Chalcolithic Age until the late centuries of the Islamic era. During this period, the herdsmen of the region temporarily used the cave. The survey of the surroundings of the cave also led to the identification of the remains of large stone walls, 200 meters west and northwest of the cave. The thermoluminescence dating of the pottery of this cave indicates that they belong to the Abbasid period. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        6 - Classification, Typology, and Chronology of Glazed Pottery from Bozanjerd Islamic Site, Hamadan Plain
        Mostafa Rezaei Maryam Mohammadi Kazem Mollazadeh
        10.30495/peb.2023.701284
        In 2019, during archaeological investigations of the Islamic sites in the Hamadan Plain, the authors conducted a comprehensive study of the Bozanjerd site, marking the first time exploration of this location. One of the key indicators for understanding past cultures lie More
        In 2019, during archaeological investigations of the Islamic sites in the Hamadan Plain, the authors conducted a comprehensive study of the Bozanjerd site, marking the first time exploration of this location. One of the key indicators for understanding past cultures lies in the examination and analysis of pottery artifacts within ancient sites, as they play an important role in elucidating the cultural fabric of settlement centers. Given the impressionability of pottery cultures of the Hamadan Plain, especially the Bozanjerd site, which stands as a pivotal pottery center from the Islamic era, this research aims to categorize, typology, and establish a chronology for the various types of glazed pottery unearthed at this site. The study relies on archaeological data. The overarching objectives are twofold: first, to identify the local pottery types at the Bozanjerd site, and second, to discern the cultural influences shaping pottery cultures within this region. The research method is descriptive-analytical and data collection is done by documentary method. Additionally, field findings from this site are compared with those from other sites within the same cultural horizon. The findings reveal significant similarities between the pottery of Bozanjerd and neighboring sites such as Zolfabad, Âveh, Aqkand, Soltanieh, Qorveh, Kangavar, Bistoun, and Borujerd. These sites are located along the major communication routes of the Hamadan Plain. Furthermore, in terms of technical and artistic attributes, the most notable local pottery types in this site include sgraffito glazed vessels and vessels adorned with multi-colored decorations on white glaze. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        7 - Pottery Classification and Chronology of Sarand-Daghdaghan Cemetery, East Azerbaijan
        Saeid Sattarnejad Mohammad Rahmatpour Javad Zhaleh Aghdam
        10.30495/peb.2023.703425
        As one of the most important cultural finds, pottery has an essential place in the chronology of sites and the reconstruction of regional and extra-regional cultural interactions. Therefore, it is very important to know the pottery of each period. In some of the northwe More
        As one of the most important cultural finds, pottery has an essential place in the chronology of sites and the reconstruction of regional and extra-regional cultural interactions. Therefore, it is very important to know the pottery of each period. In some of the northwestern areas of Iran, sites belonging to the Iron Age I and II have been identified and explored. Therefore, there is a relative understanding of the pottery of this region. However, in some areas, especially Heris County, the Iron Age situation is not well known. The exploration of Sarand-Daghdghan cemetery is very important in understanding the cultural situation of this city in the Iron Age, and introducing and presenting the pottery collection of this site is beneficial for regional studies and the relative chronology and recognition of pottery types in this area. In this research, which was conducted by field and library method, the pottery finds obtained from Sarand-Daghdaghan cemetery were studied, typologically, compared, and analyzed. Here, a comparative study of the pottery of Sarand-Daghdaghan cemetery with the pottery of other sites has been done with the aim of typology of the collection of pottery of this cemetery and relative chronology of cultural materials. In this cemetery, 6 types of pottery forms have been identified and documented, which are comparable to the data of some Iron Age I and II sites in Iran, the South Caucasus, and East Anatolia. According to the conducted studies and relative chronology, it can be stated that the clay collection of Sarand-Daghdaghan Heris cemetery is related to Iron Age I and II. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        8 - Historical Settlements in Shah Kouh, Nehbandan County, South Khorasan (Fire Temple, Kalate Bal Batu, and Taska Cemetery)
        Mohammad Farjami Ali Asqar Mahmoodi Nasab
        10.30495/peb.2023.1997013.1030
        Nehbandan County is considered one of the important areas in the archaeological research of the historical and Islamic period of South Khorasan. The eastern region of Shah Kouh in the west of this county, due to the existence of suitable and favorable climatic and land More
        Nehbandan County is considered one of the important areas in the archaeological research of the historical and Islamic period of South Khorasan. The eastern region of Shah Kouh in the west of this county, due to the existence of suitable and favorable climatic and land conditions, contains important and spacious settlements, which shows their importance in intra- and extra-regional interactions in historical times. Among these unique monuments, there are the remaining parts of the building known as Atashkadeh (Fire Temple) in the village of the same name, but unfortunately, only a few parts of this structure are left. According to the results of the excavation project to determine the core zone and suggest the buffer zone of the building as well as the existing architectural evidence and the current architecture in the context of the village, it is believed that this structure was founded with a cruciform pattern and four stone walls and a dome cover. The study shows that this building was built in the Sassanid period and was still standing in the early Islamic centuries as a religious place and in connection with the surrounding sites. Here, some of the nearby sites such as Kalate Bal Batu and Taska Cemetery were introduced and their surface cultural remains were also discussed and analyzed. This research aims to recognize the Fire Temple building according to the archaeological evidence and also to introduce other sites of the historical era such as Klate Bel Beto and Taska. Collecting the findings has been conducted in the field and analyzing them through Library research has been done with a historical-cultural approach and descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        9 - A survey of Neolithic Sites at SarFirouz Abad Plain, West Central Zagros
        Kamalaldin Niknami Meysam Nikzad Sima Yadollahi
        The Sarfirouz Abad plain in Iran, which is located on the east side of Mahidasht and west of Central Zagros, has a great potential for the archaeological studies. Nevertheless, due to the lack of archaeological research here, it is now considered to remain archaeologica More
        The Sarfirouz Abad plain in Iran, which is located on the east side of Mahidasht and west of Central Zagros, has a great potential for the archaeological studies. Nevertheless, due to the lack of archaeological research here, it is now considered to remain archaeologically a less known area. Its geographical location and environmental potentials make it necessary to perform a systematic archaeological research process. Due to this requirement, the SF area was surveyed using an intensive field walking process by a team from Tehran University during a few months in 2009. This fieldwork provided data and for the first time added much useful information to expand our knowledge on the archaeology of the region in general and the Neolithic settlements in particular. From the findings gained through this study, 17 sites were found to have remains attributable to the Neolithic Period. Recent studies show that in SF, settlement began in the early Neolithic Period; three of these sites were identified in various parts of the area. Fifteen locations with settlement and pottery remains showed evidence of the middle and late Neolithic periods. An investigation of the settlement patterns of these Neolithic sites reveals a strong relationship to natural resources, particularly water and sources of flint. With the commencement of pottery in the area, significant changes occurred in the location patterns of the sites. The present study investigates the characteristics of potteries found from site surfaces and developed an interpretation of the Neolithic settlement patterns of the area. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        10 - The Middle Chalcolithic Settlements (Dalma culture) of Songhor and Koliyaei Plains, Kermanshah
        Mahmoud Heydarian Mohsen Zeynivand Hamid Hariryan
        Although prehistoric periods (especially Chalcolithic) of western side of central Zagros is fairly known, Songhor and Koliyaei plains had not been sufficiently investigated neither by the foreign nor the Iranian archaeologists; however, in the course of recent investiga More
        Although prehistoric periods (especially Chalcolithic) of western side of central Zagros is fairly known, Songhor and Koliyaei plains had not been sufficiently investigated neither by the foreign nor the Iranian archaeologists; however, in the course of recent investigations in 2002 and 2009, 33 chalcolithic sites were identified. Nine sites out of these thirty three ones had Dalma sherds. All these 9 sites are located close to the water resources and mostly in the hillsides, where it is easy to reach pasturelands. Considering low extent of settlements and their locations, it could be found out that there have been small sedentary or semi-sedentary villages which could satisfy their life needs by breeding herds. This paper assumes importance since it could provide valuable information on this culture and its probable interaction with its neighboring regions for us, such as Kangavar, Mahidasht, and south of Kurdistan. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        11 - The Appearance of Plastic Images in Pottery and its Relation to Cultural Changes Occurred with the Transition from Bronze Age to Iron Age at Iran
        Hamidreza Valipour Iman Mostafapour Hossein Davoudi Ahmad Chaychi AmirKhiz
        The first step in any study of archaeological materials is, necessarily, ordering the material into some sort of classificatory system. Therefore this article is analysis of plastic image in pottery on the basis of ceramic classification. The classification of ceramics More
        The first step in any study of archaeological materials is, necessarily, ordering the material into some sort of classificatory system. Therefore this article is analysis of plastic image in pottery on the basis of ceramic classification. The classification of ceramics into meaningful types is the first step in using ceramic data in archaeological analysis. The next and ultimately more important step is to use those data to answer questions about cultural changes at the past. Study of cultural changes is one of the important aims in archaeological researches. Changes in technology, decorations, forms and organization of ceramic production have, in turn, been used to societies. This article outlines one of the decoration types in the pottery and stylistic analysis to study of the cultural changes during the bronze and iron age at Iran. The aim of this article is the study of plastic images in the pottery and the origin of this technique at Iran. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        12 - Typology of Iron Age Goblets and Cups
        Shahrbanoo Soleymani Sajjad Alibaigi
        Cups and goblets are two groups of Iron Age pottery in Iran. There are many parallels in shape and usage between the two, thus they can be fixed in a single group. The important difference between them is their height, so that the cups are usually shorter than the goble More
        Cups and goblets are two groups of Iron Age pottery in Iran. There are many parallels in shape and usage between the two, thus they can be fixed in a single group. The important difference between them is their height, so that the cups are usually shorter than the goblets. These wares are indicator of Iron Age I and II, and often found in the cemeteries of this age. Their geographical distribution is vast, and they observed in northwest, north and south slope of Alborz Mountains, central plateau and central Zagros. A total of 344 samples of these cups and goblets have been excavated and published from Iron Age sites in these regions. This research aims to propose a new typology for the wares and to study their geographical distribution. The main criterion in this typology is the shape of the ware. For this purpose, the complete shape of the ware is divided in four sections, and based on variation and combination of the four sections, some types are defined. Geographical distribution of the types in the different regions is not uniform and harmonious, rather some types are found in all regions and some others are common in some regions. This situation can indicate presence of local tendency in production of the ware. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        13 - A Study of Dalma Pottery Based on the Examination of Azerbaijan and Kermanshah Potteries
        Mohsen Heydari
        Having a glance at the archaeological data in North West of Iran during prehistoric era, we can see that most studies in the area focused on the edge of Urmia Lake. Unfortunately, most of the studies which have been done in the North West are related to the Bronze Age a More
        Having a glance at the archaeological data in North West of Iran during prehistoric era, we can see that most studies in the area focused on the edge of Urmia Lake. Unfortunately, most of the studies which have been done in the North West are related to the Bronze Age and later periods, and fewer studies have been done on the Chalcolithic period. Moreover, most of the information published about this area, is related to the same time periods. There is little information about Dalma Period and related publications do not exceed the fingers of one hand. For this reason, most researchers, due to the complexity and lack of knowledge about this period, refer to it as Wonder Period. In particular, Dalma period and the area of its development are surprising and noteworthy for them. One of the shortcomings is Dalma pottery. In this article, we review the Dalma pottery in the regions of East and West Azarbaijan and Kermanshah to provide a rather clear picture of Dalma pottery tradition. Generally, Dalma pottery is classified as four categories which probabely have specific functions depending on their coverage and form. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        14 - Describe the Statistical Classification of Late Neolithic Pottery Gousha Tepe Area (Meshkinshahr)
        Hassan Derakhshi
        Pottery as evidence important archeological while in a proper framework for the study, classification and explain; it can be spent on practical aspects of his conceptions like reflection of thought, creativity, innovation and one of the cultural review,In this research More
        Pottery as evidence important archeological while in a proper framework for the study, classification and explain; it can be spent on practical aspects of his conceptions like reflection of thought, creativity, innovation and one of the cultural review,In this research paper, focusing on the study and classification of Neolithic pottery Gousha Tepe area explored during the first Excavation 2004 results; regular and methodical features and indicators of various aspects of the pottery types is to continue and break with the traditions and styles of pottery in this period with the next phases of the hill turn Gousha tepe, and the total paid to this issue and whether the continuing gap between pre-historic cultures of the East Azeri field centered around Lake gousha tepe cultures there or not, Our studies showed that the process continues its tradition of pottery not only in phases of site, but we have a tradition of style and technique between this area and the Lake Urmia. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        15 - Pottery of the Uruk Period in Tel Baladiyeh Based on the Excavations at Trench C6N
        Mohammad Karami
        Tel Baladiyeh is located in the Susiana plain in the east of Dez river and Khuzestan province. This mound is situated near one of the important and large archaeological centers of the region, Choghamish. In the winter of 2004, this mound was excavated by the joint team More
        Tel Baladiyeh is located in the Susiana plain in the east of Dez river and Khuzestan province. This mound is situated near one of the important and large archaeological centers of the region, Choghamish. In the winter of 2004, this mound was excavated by the joint team of archaeology of Iran and the University of Chicago under the supervision of Dr. Abbas Alizadeh and Ali Mahforouzi. The important porpuse of exploring this mound was to know the transition phase from the Prehistoric era to the Proto-historic period and the chronology of the Uruk period, which did not lead to the desired result due to the existing problems. One of the trenches created in this mound was C6 on the north and northwest side of the Tel Baladiyeh, where the C6N trench was located on its north side. Because from the beginning, an orderly sequence of the Proto-writing pottery was obtained, Tel Baladiyeh was explored in order to know the internal chronology of the Uruk period. In this article, an attempt is made to introduce and categorize the Proto-writing pottery obtained from this trench, to highlight the differences between their form, dough and their combinations. Finally, considering the complexities of the late 5th and 4th millennium BC in the Susiana plain, local centers such as Tel Baladiyeh in the region and the role of regional sites are investigated. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        16 - The Role of Sieving in the Prehistoric Pottery Industry of Iran
        Farhang Khademi Nadoushan Alireza Hejebri Nobari Tahereh Azizipour Mohammad Saffari
        Pottery is one of the arts that has remained among human societies until today. In the written sources left from the Islamic era, there are many references to sieving clay in the pottery industry. These sources indicate that the potters were familiar with sieving the so More
        Pottery is one of the arts that has remained among human societies until today. In the written sources left from the Islamic era, there are many references to sieving clay in the pottery industry. These sources indicate that the potters were familiar with sieving the soil through experience and knew that access to suitable mud for making pottery and for It is not possible to make glaze without sifting the soil. In this article, we discuss the importance of sieving in the prehistoric pottery industry and, referring to the results obtained from spectroscopic experiments on prehistoric pottery, we explain how sieving clay played an essential role in making and firing high-quality pottery. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        17 - Typology of the Pottery Vessels of the JeyranTappe Cemetery of Jezlandasht
        Leila Gargari Hamidreza Valipour Behnam Ghanbari
        JeyranTappe Cemetery of Jezlandasht is located in Zanjan province, Tarom city, near the village of Jezlandashht. As a result of two exploratory excavations in this cemetery, valuable findings were obtained regarding to Iron Age. These findings reflect the burial traditi More
        JeyranTappe Cemetery of Jezlandasht is located in Zanjan province, Tarom city, near the village of Jezlandashht. As a result of two exploratory excavations in this cemetery, valuable findings were obtained regarding to Iron Age. These findings reflect the burial tradition in the cemetery, including jewelry, weapons and pottery. Although only 8 graves have been explored in this cemetery, the variety of pottery related to their form is significant. Generally, 44 intact potteries were collected from JeyranTappeh Hills, which were classified into 13 species based on shape and form. These species include pots, cups, bowls, saucers, pots, jars, small containers with rounded bodies and flat floor, glasses, pots and tubular containers. Some of these species are divided in to sub-species. These containers are brown, gray, black, and mostly wheel maker. In terms of the number and quality of gray potteries, they have a higher number and quality than other pottery. Based on the study and comparison of the pottery, there are similarities between this site and the sites such as Godin, Dilman, Hasanlu, Gholi Darvish, Khorvin, Pardis, Gui Tappe, Dinkhah, Haphtvan, Hassan Bolaghi Cemetery in Zanjan Province and many other sites related to Iron Age. There are the most similarities between this site and other Iron Ages cemeteries such as Marlic, Ghale Coti and Dilaman. It is most similar to the Gilan Iron Age cemeteries, such as Marlik, Qaleh Kuti and Dilman. Based on all this information it can be said that JeyranTappe is related to Iron Age II. Based on the information obtained from the potteries it may be said that this cemetery was used in Iron Age II period.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        18 - The Settlement Patterns of Middle Chalcolithic Sites in the Talvar River Basin, Dehgolan and Ghorveh Counties, Kurdestan Province, Iran
        Amir Saed Mucheshi Kamalaldin Niknami Zahed Karimi Eqbal Azizi Ali Behnia
        This article discusses the settlement patterns of the middle chalcolithic sites in the Talvar river Basin in an area expanding from the river tributaries to its fairly lower bed eastwardly. The river basin is mostly placed within the both counties of Dehgolan and Ghorve More
        This article discusses the settlement patterns of the middle chalcolithic sites in the Talvar river Basin in an area expanding from the river tributaries to its fairly lower bed eastwardly. The river basin is mostly placed within the both counties of Dehgolan and Ghorveh in Kurdestan Province. The archaeological investigations indicated the rise of occupation and presumably even its beginning in the chalcolithic period coinciding with various ways of life sustenance. In terms of size, elevation and access to the environmental resources, the middle chalcolithic sites (34 sites) could be divided in to several different groups. This issue is possibly based on the different ways of life sustenance. The earliest evidence in the region goes back to the middle chalcolithic period, but this result should not be known finally as both natural and cultural post-depositional alternations such as erosion, sedimentation and cultivation could play an important role. This article, however, is based on the yielded data collected as the result of archaeological investigations by provincial ICHO and also the first author who undertook a survey to write his Ph.D dissertation.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        19 - Kool Khazine: An Important Proto Historic Site in Abdanan, Ilam Province
        Khodakaram Mazaheri Ebrahim Moradi
        In this article the authors have studied, compared, analyzed and identified the species of gathered finds during archaeological surveys of Kool Khazine. This site is located on the south of Abdanan Township (one of the townships of Ilam province) and adjoining of Khozes More
        In this article the authors have studied, compared, analyzed and identified the species of gathered finds during archaeological surveys of Kool Khazine. This site is located on the south of Abdanan Township (one of the townships of Ilam province) and adjoining of Khozestan plain. Kool Khazine comprises cultural deposits of different periods. The first cultural period that formed at this site, belong to prehistoric period, that determining of it exact chronology is difficult, because of limited finds. Until again, settlement is forming at Kool Khazine in Susa IVA period and in this manner, settlement continued for almost one millennium and finally, came to end in end of middle Elamite I period. In fact this site in addition to prehistoric period, comprise cultural deposits of this periods: Susa IVA, V, VI and VII. It seems that recent periods continued successively. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        20 - Relative Dating of Ghousha Tepe Shahryeri’s Ceramics
        Hassan Derakhshi Alireza Hejebri Nobari Bahman Firouzmandi
        The pottery is one of the important Cultural data that use in relative and absulate chronology of sites and comparison each other. In the basis of study of comparison types pottery of Ghousha Tepe Shaharyeri of view form and decoration and Analysis of the number of samp More
        The pottery is one of the important Cultural data that use in relative and absulate chronology of sites and comparison each other. In the basis of study of comparison types pottery of Ghousha Tepe Shaharyeri of view form and decoration and Analysis of the number of samples by means of thermoluminescence that be complementary first method, this result earn that chronology of early phases site of Ghousha Tepe belong to late Neolithic and transition to early chalcholithic. In addition, in the basis comparison of pottery marked that site mentioned had stable relation of cultural and socieal especially with area Uremia lake of time late Neolithic until late periods. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        21 - Late Bronze Age at Tepe Sagzabad in the Base of Pottery Evidence
        Mohammad Hossein Azizi Kharanaghi Kamalaldin Niknami Nastaran Moradi
        The Late Bronze age in Tepe Sagzabad without any relationship with previous pre-historic cultures in the region had been appeared suddenly in late second millennium BC. Handmade Monochrome and polychrome potteries (Uremia ware) is cultural indicator in this Period. Our More
        The Late Bronze age in Tepe Sagzabad without any relationship with previous pre-historic cultures in the region had been appeared suddenly in late second millennium BC. Handmade Monochrome and polychrome potteries (Uremia ware) is cultural indicator in this Period. Our aimed to Trying Deportment of Archaeology, university of Tehran excavation in fall of 2009 at Tepe Sagzabad was recognition of cultural Layers of south part of this site and 3 different Trenches (6, 7 and 8) were dug. Trench 6 had different cultural Layers including: Iron Age I, Late Bronze age and Late Chalcolithic period. Between these Finds, Monochrome and polychrome potteries from Late Bronze age were remarkable. This Paper will focus on Typology, classification and introduces different kind of Late Bronze age pottery motif. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        22 - Iron Age Cemetery of Lavizan
        Amir Sadegh Naghshineh
        In the Northeastern Tehran and the Lavizan zone, there is an Imam-Zadeh, under the title of "Imam-Zadeh Panjtan". This Imam-Zadeh is located on a hill. And slopes of the hill are used as a cemetery. In a visit in 1993, some sherds were collected on the hills that were p More
        In the Northeastern Tehran and the Lavizan zone, there is an Imam-Zadeh, under the title of "Imam-Zadeh Panjtan". This Imam-Zadeh is located on a hill. And slopes of the hill are used as a cemetery. In a visit in 1993, some sherds were collected on the hills that were probably uncovered by forming new graves. The sherds have characterized in northern Tehran. It seems the hill was used as a cemetery also in Iron Age, and can be considered as one of the several Iron Age cemeteries in foot hills of northern Tehran.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        23 - A Classification of the Spouted Vessels in Iron Age and their Spacial and Temporal Distribution
        Amir Sadegh Naghshineh
        One of the Typical wares in Iron Age in Iran, is the Spouted vessel. These Vessels, however, are very similar as far as general shape is concerned, and are classified in one group, although there is diversity in details of their shape. Therefore one can classify them on More
        One of the Typical wares in Iron Age in Iran, is the Spouted vessel. These Vessels, however, are very similar as far as general shape is concerned, and are classified in one group, although there is diversity in details of their shape. Therefore one can classify them on the basis of the form of their different components. In this research, 155 Spouted vessels, that represented in archaeological reports, are studied and classified: The classification is made on the basis of similarity among different samples, and thus 11 classes or types are distinguished. The special distribution of these types demonstrates a distinguishable and particular relationship between different types and regions. On the other hand, the study of the temporal distribution of these types is not precisely possible, because the dating for most of the samples are not precise. Despite, there are not any distinguishable relationship between the types and the different phases of the Iron Age. Therefore, I conclude, that the variation of the shape in the Spouted vessels depend mostly on their spacial distribution, and not on their temporal distribution.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        24 - Classification of Some Incised Graphical & Geographical Designs on Late Bronze Age Pottery from Tepe Pissa- Hamedan
        Yaqub Mohammadifar Abbas Motarjem Kamalaldin Niknami
        Pending the Early Bronze Age, in the early to mid-third millennium, the material culture of central western Iran was influenced by the cultural phenomenon known as Kura-Araxes, or the Early Trans-Caucasian (E.T.C).The first evidence for E.T.C culture in western Iran was More
        Pending the Early Bronze Age, in the early to mid-third millennium, the material culture of central western Iran was influenced by the cultural phenomenon known as Kura-Araxes, or the Early Trans-Caucasian (E.T.C).The first evidence for E.T.C culture in western Iran was revealed at Yanik Tepe, a mound located to the northwest of Lake Urmia. The burnished hand-made ceramics had dark grey-black and red fabric and were decorated with incised and excised geometric patterns, sometimes in-filled after firing with gypsum. The characteristic ceramics were subsequently identified much further south in the Zagros Mountains. Recent fieldwork by Bu Ali Sina University has identified the existence of E.T.C. material at the mound of Tepe Pissa on the Hamedan plain, northwest of Hamadan by Mohamadifar and Motarjem in 2008. This classification and outcome study of cognitive style pottery artifacts from the excavations of the Tepe Pissa. The pottery designs can be said, these motifs are special symbols in the Iranian plateau.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        25 - Tepe Sarghal’eh: the Evidence of Uruk Pottery in Kurdistan Province and its Relation with Routes of Iran to Mesopotamia
        Amir Saed Mucheshi Ali Azarshab Zahra Ghaffari
        In the present paper, Tepe Sarghal’eh and its surface fingings have been studied. This survey coincided with excavation of one of the sites in the region. The site had previously been identified. In this review we have tried to gather complete data. The discovered More
        In the present paper, Tepe Sarghal’eh and its surface fingings have been studied. This survey coincided with excavation of one of the sites in the region. The site had previously been identified. In this review we have tried to gather complete data. The discovered potsherds show this mound just belongs to late Chalcolithic period and Il-Khanid (Mongol) dynasty. What makes this mound a remarkable one is the existence of first Uruk pottery samples in Kurdistan province. In other words, finding such potsherds in Sarghal’eh Tepe indicates the importance of this site – as it is located on the route to Mesopotamia – and the influence of Mesopotamia on this area, selecting appropriate places as well as the site size.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        26 - Abharrud Basin in Chalcolithic Period: Revision to the Dalma Settlements at the North-Western Borders of Iranian Central Plateau
        Shokouh Khosravi Hamid Khatib Shahidi Sajjad Alibaigi
        In the fifth millennium B.C, the Dalma ceramic cultural tradition spread throughout much of the north-west and western of Iran. However, insufficient pieces evidence of the same expansion and distribution of this tradition over eastern parts of North west and central Ir More
        In the fifth millennium B.C, the Dalma ceramic cultural tradition spread throughout much of the north-west and western of Iran. However, insufficient pieces evidence of the same expansion and distribution of this tradition over eastern parts of North west and central Iranian plateau have been obtained during the surveys at Abharrud basin area. Abharrud basin is located among the three cultural-geographic regions of the central plateau, north-west and west of Iran. During the surveys in this area, 12 Dalma associated sites were discovered and examined. The discovered sites might have possibly been small villages situated near water sources and mostly on the intermountain plain of Abhar or among the highlands; according to the location selection, these villages belong to nomads wandering in between the north-west and western parts of Iran's basins. The matter of this research is that it can yield a large amount of information about the eastern cultures and traditions of the north-west, north-east of western Iran and the western cultures of central plateau and the characteristics and cultural types of these regions (their similarities and differences) in a small but prominent region.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        27 - The Study of Kora Araxes Art
        Bahram Ajorloo
        Culture of Kora-Araxes in the middle of fourth millennium (about 3500 B.C) was expanded in Caucasian and region of Urumieh lake. People of culture of Kora-Araxes are introduced as pastoral semi migrant tribes who were also familiar with agriculture. Stratigraphical disc More
        Culture of Kora-Araxes in the middle of fourth millennium (about 3500 B.C) was expanded in Caucasian and region of Urumieh lake. People of culture of Kora-Araxes are introduced as pastoral semi migrant tribes who were also familiar with agriculture. Stratigraphical discussions, its origin, expansion, and the manner of economical and cultural interaction of societies of Kora-Araxes culture with other societies of near east in the age of old bronze has always preceded from its artistic discussion. Maybe in the first glance we cannot speak about Kora's art with classical and aesthetical criterions, but definition of art is just like the definition of beauty, and seeing that what is beautiful, is relative and diverse. Due to the same relativity, historical presence of Kora-Arakes people's art needs to be surveyed in order to recognize and classify its criterions; because in archaeological excavations are confronted with manifested forms which have distinct form, definite value and harmony and they have one thousand style and tradition. Archaeologists or art historian study about Kora-Araxes culture finds manipulations of people which have been the production of a creative activity and continuation of one thousand years tradition of its creation is a sign of its value and social acceptance before a very old society. In this article, artistic work of Kora –Araxes culture are surveyed and classified in four categories of pottery, manifested arts, architecture, and metal working in order to recognize its characteristics.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        28 - Archaeological Survey and Analysis of Parthian Period Artifacts and Settlements in the Qezel Ozan Watershed in Ijrood County
        Reza Akhondi Araz Najafi Farzad Mafi
        10.30495/peb.2022.699727
        Ijrood County, located in Zanjan province, has special environmental potential due to its geographical location. Knowing the Parthian sites of this area can help us to better understand the cultural evolutions of this period in the western and northwestern regions of Ir More
        Ijrood County, located in Zanjan province, has special environmental potential due to its geographical location. Knowing the Parthian sites of this area can help us to better understand the cultural evolutions of this period in the western and northwestern regions of Iran. The current research was conducted in the form of a field survey to clarify the situation and cultural evolution of this area during the Parthian period. To this end, the survey of the geographical area of the Golabar Village and the northwestern part of the Ijrood River in the Ijrood-e Payin Village was carried out during two seasons. The results of this survey led to the identification of 100 ancient sites (68 sites in Golabar and 32 sites in the northwest of the Ijrood River), of which 35 sites had Parthian artifacts. The typology of the Parthian pottery and general understanding of the Parthian settlement pattern of the study area were important results of this research. The number of Parthian sites increased significantly compared to the previous period (Achaemenid), and even the sites of the later period (Sassanid) were not as large as Parthian. This indicates the demographic changes with the transformation of the settlement distribution pattern, compared to the previous period. Additionally, it was found that most of the settlements in the area consisted of small villages and a few large villages, and no evidence of urban centers were identified. The material culture of the area in the Parthian period seems to have some native-local characteristics that distinguish it from the western and northwestern regions of Iran. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        29 - Description, Classification, and Typology Analysis of Parthian Pottery of Rumeshgan Region in Luristan
        Farshad Miri Naser Norouzzadeh Chegini Alireza Khosrowzadeh
        Rumshagan Plain located in the west of Luristan province is one of the almost unknown regions in Iran's archaeology. Despite the fact that in this area there are several works and settlements of the Parthian period, no targeted research has been carried out so far. Cert More
        Rumshagan Plain located in the west of Luristan province is one of the almost unknown regions in Iran's archaeology. Despite the fact that in this area there are several works and settlements of the Parthian period, no targeted research has been carried out so far. Certainly, the study of these settlements can provide a clearer perspective on the material-cultural status of the region as well as how its cultural interactions with neighboring areas. For this purpose, in this article, the findings of the Parthian pottery obtained from the survey of the enclosures of the Rumshagan settlements were studied, typology, comparison, and analysis. As a result, four types of ordinary pottery, glossy, painted, and glazed were identified. The comparative study and comparison of pottery show that the material culture of this region during the Parthian period, despite the influence of some indigenous local features, is ultimately part of the Western cultural landscape of the country. Other research findings highlight the link between the culture’s pottery culture and neighborhoods, such as Southwest, Northwest, and Mesopotamia. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        30 - Late Chalcolithic Period at Tepe Segzabad
        Mohammad Hossein Azizi Kharanaghi Kamalaldin Niknami
        Tepe Sagzabad is one of the most important Prehistoric Sites in Qazvin Plain. Based on the long time Department of Archaeology, University of Tehran excavation, Tepe Sagzabad Known as a best sample of Iron and Late Bronze Age site in Qazvin Plain. Some new evidence of l More
        Tepe Sagzabad is one of the most important Prehistoric Sites in Qazvin Plain. Based on the long time Department of Archaeology, University of Tehran excavation, Tepe Sagzabad Known as a best sample of Iron and Late Bronze Age site in Qazvin Plain. Some new evidence of late 4th Millennium BC Cultures is Known Late Chalcolithic Period in Central Plateau, Has been identified in Tepe Sagzabad. Research-based Training Excavation [Practical method of excavating projects] was carried out in the fall of 2008 by the Department of Archaeology, Tehran University, intending to study the layers of the late chalcolithic discovered in 2007. In this season three trenches (6, 7 and 8) were dug. At last, the evidence of the late chalcolithic was only found in trench 6. Unfortunately, the expedition couldn’t find any complete structural [architectural] remains due to illegal digging, but a considerable number of pottery sherds typical of this period, were found. This article will only focus on the typology, classification and various types of the late chalcolithic pottery. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        31 - Introduction of Local Beakers in Dahan-e Gholaman Achaemenid Settlement
        Zohreh Zehbari Reza MehrAfarin Seyyed Rasool Mousavi Haji
        Dahan-e Gholaman is the most important excavated site of Achaemenid period in the southeast of Iran. This site was discovered in 1960 by Umberto Scerrato and was excavated twice. First archaeological excavation was in 1965- 1962 by an Italian Expedition under Scerrato&r More
        Dahan-e Gholaman is the most important excavated site of Achaemenid period in the southeast of Iran. This site was discovered in 1960 by Umberto Scerrato and was excavated twice. First archaeological excavation was in 1965- 1962 by an Italian Expedition under Scerrato’s supervision and the second archaeological excavation was undertaken in 1379-1384 by an Iranian Expedition under Sajjadi’s supervision. Archaeogeophysics has been used in recent studies in Dahan-E Gholaman by Kourosh Mohamadkhani. Pottery is the only valuable archaeological finding of Dahan-e Gholaman. Therefore the investigation of the potteries is useful for improving our knowledge of Achaemenid ceramic tradition in southeast of Iran. This paper is devoted to discovered beakers from this site and has been written based on statistical analyses and quantitative variables of 412 beakers. For this purpose, all of beakers have been studied and analyzed using different aspects and variables. The statistical analyses and technical characteristics of Beakers show that this ceramics were produced on certain standards and for specific purposes in Dahana-e Gholaman. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        32 - Excavations at Hotu Cave and Significance of its Iron Age Pottery
        Amir Sadegh Naghshineh
        In the excavations which were taken place in "Hotu cave", near Behshahr, more than fifty years age, in addition to findings of Stone Age, remains of more recently eras and particularly Iron Age were obtained. But since this cave was searched aiming to study Stone Age an More
        In the excavations which were taken place in "Hotu cave", near Behshahr, more than fifty years age, in addition to findings of Stone Age, remains of more recently eras and particularly Iron Age were obtained. But since this cave was searched aiming to study Stone Age and to attain to the remains of this era, not much attention was paid to the findings of Iron Age and these materials were recorded in the national museum of Iran. This situation is prevailed whereas our information about Iron Age in North East Iran is very restricted and every kind of data in this field can be very valuable.  This article discusses about the quality of recognition and excavation of Hotu cave and its stratigraphy and Chronology with attention to Iron Age layers and emphasize on the necessity of study, classification and introduction of Iron Age pottery in this cave. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        33 - Uruk Pottery, Based on Strip Survey of South Abu Fandowah Site, Khuzestan, Southwestern Iran
        Aytakin Habibi Mohammad Karami
        Uruk period (3200-3000 BC), the era of civilization in southern Mesopotamia and Iran, is recognizable by material culture production changes that one of them was large quantity of plain pottery instead of before painted tradition. During the late Uruk period, in southwe More
        Uruk period (3200-3000 BC), the era of civilization in southern Mesopotamia and Iran, is recognizable by material culture production changes that one of them was large quantity of plain pottery instead of before painted tradition. During the late Uruk period, in southwestern Iran, some settled sites flourished and became large centers especially in Susiana plain. Choghamish, Susa and Abu Fandowah were most important among them with more than 15 Ha. We would like to focus on Uruk potteries of one of the mentioned sites, which is Abu Fandowah, next to the Susa city in the Northern Khuzestan- southwestern Iran. It is surveyed and excavated in year 2006 but we will discuss about southern complex of above site that is surveyed by Strip method. We separated Uruk pottery into three main categories and tried to introduce most of Uruk wares rim forms, Beveled Rim Bowls and other decorations which are observable on the body sherds. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        34 - Northwest Iran in the Achaemenid Period, in the Light of Archaeological Findings of Ghonagh Ghiran Castle
        Servat Valadbeigy Mostafa Dehpahlavan Reza Rezaloo
        Northwest Iran played an important role in cultural, economic, and political exchanges with the surrounding lands in the first millennium BC. Given the importance of the area, there are many uncertainties in understanding the cultural features and interactions of the re More
        Northwest Iran played an important role in cultural, economic, and political exchanges with the surrounding lands in the first millennium BC. Given the importance of the area, there are many uncertainties in understanding the cultural features and interactions of the region, particularly during the Achaemenid and Parthian periods. It may contribute greatly to clarifying ambiguities through more archaeological introduction and analysis of old and new cultural findings. Ghonagh Ghiran castle is one of the rare Achaemenid sites in the Ardebil province. This castle is the largest site container painted triangle ware belonging to the Achaemenid period in the Ardabil Plain, which was not surveyed and excavated yet. This site was been surveyed with systematic sampling methods and then documentation and analysis of cultural materials. It was our aim that studies 25 percent of the cultural data of all operations of the castle surface. For as much as our main aim was to identify characteristics of painted triangle ware in this project, then potteries classification and samples selection, we studied, evaluated, and compared them with potteries of other sites both inside and outside of Iran. It has found species of Ardebil styles pottery and shards with green glaze belonged to the Seljuk period too, which it is indicate settlement continuity in this site. According to the considerable characteristics of defensive architecture, and environmental and topographic conditions of Ghonagh Ghiran Castle, undoubtedly, it has had a political and important status in the region. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        35 - Typology of the Iron Age Pottery from Pileh Qaleh, Roudbar, Gilan
        Amir Sadegh Naghshineh
        Pileh Qaleh is a settlement site in Roudbar region of Gilan Province and it is located in 500 meters from the well-known Marlik cemetery. Nearly 50 years ago, the site was extensively excavated by Dr. Negahban. Based on limited published information, this site has remai More
        Pileh Qaleh is a settlement site in Roudbar region of Gilan Province and it is located in 500 meters from the well-known Marlik cemetery. Nearly 50 years ago, the site was extensively excavated by Dr. Negahban. Based on limited published information, this site has remains from Iron Age, Historical and Islamic periods. But the findings from this excavation have not been published yet. A part of these findings is a pottery collection from trench M that is being maintained in National Museum of Iran. In this article, the Iron Age pottery from this trench is introduced and studied. The pottery belongs to the Iron Age I, of Roudbar region, and has many parallel indicator types with important sites such as Marlik, Ghalekuti, Lamehzamin and Lasulkan.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        36 - Revisision of Geographical Scope of Godin III Pottery Sequence in Centeral Zagros
        Khodakaram Mazaheri
        Monochrome painted pottery tradition of Godin III is one of the most important pottery traditions in Bronze age of Iran that continue more than one millennium and cover throughout of west and southwest of Iran geographical scope. In this study that had done with aim of More
        Monochrome painted pottery tradition of Godin III is one of the most important pottery traditions in Bronze age of Iran that continue more than one millennium and cover throughout of west and southwest of Iran geographical scope. In this study that had done with aim of study of the  geographical scope of consecutive stages of Godin III  pottery tradition, we distinguished that this kind of pottery tradition in beginning of its appearance and simultaneous with Godin III:6 /  Susa IVA, spread in throughout central Zagros geographical scope, as in this phase, have the most spread area of distribution, moreover this phase pottery have clear relations with contemporary monochrome painted pottery tradition in Fars area, from methodology point. In other hand, a small quantity of this phase pottery was fund in Al–Hiba, ancient Lagash. We face with different situation, after end of the Godin III:6 phase. In the northern districts of distribution domain including the east of the Kuh-i Garin, eastern Pish-i Kuh and about western Pish-i Kuh, the continuous stages of the pottery tradition of Godin III, without dealing with any specific problem, have gone on until the end of this period. However, southern districts which include Pusht-i Kuh, Khuzestan and some of southern Pish-i Kuh valleys, faced different situation, so that during each of Godin's III phases in southern districts dealt with specific situation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        37 - Archaeological Analysis of Manometers and Settlements of Abharrud Basin
        Farzad Mafi Mohammad Rahim Saraf
        The geographical region of Abharrud in Zanjan province has a situation due to its special geographical location, knowing the extent and quality of its cultural development in the Parthian period can help us to better understand the cultural developments in the northwest More
        The geographical region of Abharrud in Zanjan province has a situation due to its special geographical location, knowing the extent and quality of its cultural development in the Parthian period can help us to better understand the cultural developments in the northwest of the country in the Parthian period. This research was carried out in the form of a field study and in order to clarify the cultural situation of the region in the Parthian period; In this regard, the survey of the geographical area of Abharrud (including the cities of Abhar and Khoramdareh) was carried out in two seasons and as a result, 257 ancient sites were identified, of which 64 sites had Parthian artifacts. The study of the typology of Parthian pottery in the region as well as the general understanding and reception of the settlement pattern of the region in the Parthian period is one of the important results of this research, which indicates demographic changes or changes in the distribution pattern of settlements compared to the previous period. In addition, it was determined that most of the settlements in the region are small villages and no evidence of urban centers was identified. It seems that the material culture of the region in the Parthian period, while having some native-local characteristics, distinguishes it from other western and northwestern regions of the country to some extent. Finally, it is a part of the cultural scope of the west and northwest of the country. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        38 - Sasanian Pottery of Western Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari Based on Archaeological Survey Samples of Farsan County
        Hossein Habibi Yadollah Heydari Baba Kamal
        Pottery is the most abundant and one of the most important archaeological materials, which can be used by Archaeologists for the purposes like dating, specifying the technological and socio-political complexity level of various human groups, artistic transitions and stu More
        Pottery is the most abundant and one of the most important archaeological materials, which can be used by Archaeologists for the purposes like dating, specifying the technological and socio-political complexity level of various human groups, artistic transitions and study of economic and cultural interactions between past societies. Therefore making acquaintance with this material culture and presenting more and more exact classifications is a basic, but of high importance work to be done in the archaeological recognition of past societies. Yet, unfortunately our archaeological knowledge of the Sasanian ceramics is negligible. Finding a large number of Sasanian shards from the archaeological survey of Farsan County in Chahar-mahal & Bakhtiari province, the present paper deals with description, typology and comparison of Sasanian ceramics from this county. Based on that, it has been specified that Sasanian Pottery of Farsan has the clear similarity with acquired samples from the neighboring cultural zones of Khuzestan and Fars which according to the dynastic character of Sasanian political system, geographic specifications of the region and the prevailing livelihood mode of nomadism of these societies make sense. The results of this research gave a new sight to the interaction between the under study region, which is lying at the crossroad of southwest, west and central plateau routs of Iran, and neighboring regions during Sasanian era. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        39 - Description, Classification and Typology of Parthian Pottery in Qorveh Destrict (Kurdistan)
        Farzad Mafi Ali Behnia Mohammad Bahramzadeh
        Qorveh destrict of Kurdistan in the South East contains many Parthian relics due to its geographical location and certain environmental conditions and geographical proximity with important Parthian settlements in west and north-west of Iran. During the field studies con More
        Qorveh destrict of Kurdistan in the South East contains many Parthian relics due to its geographical location and certain environmental conditions and geographical proximity with important Parthian settlements in west and north-west of Iran. During the field studies conducted mostly in the so called areas, it was discovered that Parthian regions are remnants of small settlements. According to the description, this article is to help increase our knowledge about the cultural condition of the site in Achaemenid period, based on the description, classification and typology of the obtained pottery from this area. According to studies, Parthian pottery of this region includes pottery with cordage motif, piteous and one of the Parthian typical pottery or Clinky - common forms of these potteries - include bowls, cups, jugs and jars, pots and small pots. The pottery decoration techniques generally include carved images with wavy and parallel lines, and a unique inlay working technique. Bsed on the the results of these studies, it can be said that Parthian pottery of Qorveh is very similar to samples of Bistoon, Noushijan, Qale-e-Zahak , Qale Yazgerd , Khorhe, Kangavar, Asadabad, Paveh ,Marivan, Salas-e-Babajani, despite having some local characteristics.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        40 - A Typology for Iron Age Small Glazed Jars in Western Iran
        Amir Sadegh Naghshineh
        One of kinds Iron Age Pottery in Western Iran is the glazed ware. This ware, that forms a few percentage of Iron Age pottery, is only seen in Iron Age III and II, and usually recognized as an imported ware from Assyria, to Western Iran. The most common from is this ware More
        One of kinds Iron Age Pottery in Western Iran is the glazed ware. This ware, that forms a few percentage of Iron Age pottery, is only seen in Iron Age III and II, and usually recognized as an imported ware from Assyria, to Western Iran. The most common from is this ware is the small glazed vessel, that will be classified, and its geographical distribution in Western Iran will be studied in this article. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        41 - Typology of Iron Age Goblets and Cups
        Amir Sadegh Naghshineh
        Cups and goblets are two groups of Iron Age pottery in Iran. There are many parallels in shape and usage between the two, thus they can be fixed in a single group. The important difference between them is their height, so that the cups are usually shorter than the goble More
        Cups and goblets are two groups of Iron Age pottery in Iran. There are many parallels in shape and usage between the two, thus they can be fixed in a single group. The important difference between them is their height, so that the cups are usually shorter than the goblets. These wares are indicator of Iron Age I and II, and often found in the cemeteries of this age. Their geographical distribution is vast, and they observed in northwest, north and south slope of Alborz Mountains, central plateau and central Zagros. A total of 344 samples of these cups and goblets have been excavated and published from Iron Age sites in these regions. This research aims to propose a new typology for the wares and to study their geographical distribution. The main criterion in this typology is the shape of the ware. For this purpose, the complete shape of the ware is divided in four sections, and based on variation and combination of the four sections, some types are defined. Geographical distribution of the types in the different regions is not uniform and harmonious, rather some types are found in all regions and some others are common in some regions. This situation can indicate presence of local tendency in production of the ware. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        42 - Tepe Gavor Qaleh Si a Settlement of Kura-Aras Culture in Chaldoran, Northwest Iran
        Afrasiab Gravand Akbar Abedi Gader Ebrahimi Fatemeh Malekpour
        10.30495/peb.2022.699731
        Towards the end of the fourth millennium BC, a culture was formed in the Caucasus, northwest Iran and eastern Anatolia, which extended to Central Zagros, central Iran, and northern Iran, and present-day Palestine. Or the culture of Kora-Aras is famous. In this period, n More
        Towards the end of the fourth millennium BC, a culture was formed in the Caucasus, northwest Iran and eastern Anatolia, which extended to Central Zagros, central Iran, and northern Iran, and present-day Palestine. Or the culture of Kora-Aras is famous. In this period, northwestern Iran is witnessing an increase in the size of the sites, a sudden change in pottery, and also an unprecedented increase in the number of settlements, which indicates the influence of a new cultural tradition. The tradition of painted chickpea pottery of the previous period (Chalcolithic) is almost obsolete and black-gray pottery is replaced by engraved pottery. Simultaneously with the influence of Kora-Aras culture to the northwest of Iran, the Chaldoran region is also affected by the influence of Kora-Aras culture. Tepe Gavar Qalehsi is a settlement in the middle mountain plain of Chaldoran, which has evidence of Kora-Aras culture. This place, which is located 23 km northwest of Chaldoran city, was identified and examined to visit the city's monuments. The results of archaeological research indicate that this place is a single settlement that was formed in the late fourth millennium and early third millennium BC and has traces and evidence (stone architecture and gray pottery) of this cultural period. The pottery of this area has the most similarities with the pottery of Yaniq Tappeh, Kohnshahr Chaldoran, Baruj Marand, Dozdaghi Khoy, and Kol Tappeh II of the Republic of Azerbaijan. In this study, the collected pottery in the archeological study of Gavar Qaleh Si is studied and archaeological analysis. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        43 - The Review on Islamic Potteries from the Site of Moshkin Tape, Parandak in Central Province
        Hossein Sedighian Firouz Mahjour
        One of the major Islamic sites of Central Province, the site of Moshkin Tape, is located in one and a half miles away New City of Parandak, in a semi-desert region. Due to its geographical location, extent, area, name and other features, Moshkin Tape must probably be th More
        One of the major Islamic sites of Central Province, the site of Moshkin Tape, is located in one and a half miles away New City of Parandak, in a semi-desert region. Due to its geographical location, extent, area, name and other features, Moshkin Tape must probably be the same Moshkuye mentioned in historical texts and historical geography of 4th century AD so far. These areas were systematically reviewed and excavated in 2008, whose part of systematic review of data is presented in the following paper. In this article, the glazed and unglazed potteries scattered in surface areas have been numbered, classified, studied and finally analyzed; first by technical features such as paste, temper and then the classification of their decorative features. It should be noted that based on relative chronology and comparative features of the potteries – which more or less was previously referred to – more scattered surface clay potteries of this area are related to the 12 and 13 AD centuries. But also, among them are potteries about 9 to 12 and 13 to 16 centuries AD.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        44 - Achaemenid Period Pottery Culture in Northeast Anatolia (A Case Study of Achaemenid Painted Pottery in Kars City Museum, Turkey)
        Leyla Afshari Sorayya Afshari
        10.30495/peb.2022.699739
        Eastern Anatolian pottery of the Achaemenid Period is quite different from its predecessor  Urartian pottery - in techniques and forms. With the collapse of the Urartian Kingdom and the spread of Achaemenids in Anatolia, we can speak of a newly developing pottery c More
        Eastern Anatolian pottery of the Achaemenid Period is quite different from its predecessor  Urartian pottery - in techniques and forms. With the collapse of the Urartian Kingdom and the spread of Achaemenids in Anatolia, we can speak of a newly developing pottery culture. The monochrome, glossy red slipped pottery of Urartu was replaced by monochrome and polychrome painted pottery in miscellaneous forms. After the collapse of the Urartian Kingdom, the culture of Eastern Anatolia was gradually changed and over time, the old culture, developed by the official state, disappeared. This process did not occur instantaneously. Rather, it appears that a couple of centuries were needed for such a reshaping. Historically, Urartian influence still exists in the early phase of the Late Iron Age, which coincides with the Median dominance period. This phase is considered to be associated with a post-Urartian/Median period, which can be placed among the painted wares of Urartu and the Late Iron Age. Within the scope of this study, we succeeded in coming to certain conclusions concerning ceramic finds, which were obtained from the excavation sites in the region where architecture could not have been sufficiently examined. In the post-Urartian/Median phase, manufacturing with red-colored paste, influenced by Urartu, continues. While certain continuity also persists among the shapes, the prototype examples of double-handled metal vases, developed in the Achaemenid period, appear as a novelty. Firstly, our current study considers the pottery of the Achaemenid Period, which was discovered by archaeologists in the excavations and surface surveys of the Northeastern Anatolia Achaemenid Region. Secondly, This study will generally analyze the painted pottery of the Achaemenid period that is preserved at Kars Museum, taking into account the excavation and surface surveys of the Northeastern Anatolia Region. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        45 - Archaeological Investigation of Southeast part of the Sahand Mountains case study: Khalifeh Kandi Village
        Taymour Akbari
        10.30495/jaa.2023.698887
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        46 - Archaeological survey of Qaraqiya castle and Parthian fortifications on the border of Zanjan communication pass
        Ali Norollahi
        2209-1161
        Qaraghieh Castle is located on the heights of low Hill, the southern border of Zanjan Corridor and southeast of Zanjan City, and has a perfect view of it. In prehistoric and historical periods, this corridor has been the main route of communication between the northwest More
        Qaraghieh Castle is located on the heights of low Hill, the southern border of Zanjan Corridor and southeast of Zanjan City, and has a perfect view of it. In prehistoric and historical periods, this corridor has been the main route of communication between the northwest and the central and eastern regions of Iran and inverce. The existence of numerous castles in the heights of the border of this corridor shows its importance in commercial and cultural communication in this period. This castle, which is made of local materials, was created in the middle and late Parthian period with other castles in a continuous and coherent network on the heights overlooking the passage. In addition to providing security for trade and commerce, they have acted as a barrier against invasion to the interior areas when necessary. Probably, considering the political and military situation of this region and neighboring regions in the second half of the middle and late Parthian period, these castles had a strategic aspect and were built at the same time and in coordination with each other to deal with immediate and possible threats. The castles, which are made with affordable materials, are reflected. Along with the few architectural works that remained from the ruins of the stone and mud foundations of the castle, some pottery was also collected. These pottery include Clinky pottery, ordinary pottery, red and glazed pottery. The investigation and study of these pottery are technically comparable to the pottery of the North-East, North and Central regions as well as the West and North-West regions and are a reflection of the characteristics of the pottery of these regions. This issue comes from the fact that this area is the link between these areas and these pottery traditions that are popular in the aforementioned areas have met in this area and had a mutual effect. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        47 - Field study of the ancient sites in Chalous and Kelardasht area of Mazandaran
        Atefeh Rasouli Meysam Miri Ahoodashti
        2301-1166
        Ancient hills and sites reflect the Socio-Cultural elements, history, cultural heritage, and past identity of our ancestors. Therefore, recording and surveying ancient hills and sites can help produce and preserve these monuments. Since ancient times, Mazandaran has bee More
        Ancient hills and sites reflect the Socio-Cultural elements, history, cultural heritage, and past identity of our ancestors. Therefore, recording and surveying ancient hills and sites can help produce and preserve these monuments. Since ancient times, Mazandaran has been the residence of human groups due to its suitable climatic and environmental conditions. The Chalous, which is the area under discussion in this study, is one of the old cities of Mazandaran, located in the middle plain of the Caspian Sea coast. This city has a long history, and its name in the distant past was Chalous, which there were two towns around it called Kabireh and Kacheh. This study aims to introduce and discover ancient sites in Chalous, study pottery found from these sites, and date them. In this research, using field survey and objective observation, the ancient sites in Chalous have been discovered and studied the pottery of these sites. This research has identified five ancient sites, including Khaneh Sar, Komerlat, Kotahkashak, Kolomeh, and Ghleh Sangi. The pottery collected from the surface of these sites used carefully studied, and their Age determined. The results of this study show that most of the ancient sites located in Marzanabad and Kelardasht, and based on the pottery discovered from them, most of the sites belong to the Iron Age III and historical periods, especially the Parthian and Sassanid periods. Manuscript profile

Sanad

Sanad is a platform for managing Azad University publications

Links

Related Centers

Technical Support

Official pages

The rights to this website are owned by the Raimag Press Management System.
Copyright © 2021-2024

Home| Login| About Us| Contact Us|
[فارسی] [العربية] [fa] [ar]