official

Open Access Article

1 - The Impact of Official Development Assistance and Health Aid on Health in Developing Countries
sahebe mohamadianmansour

Introduction: Foreign aid is one of the ways to increase health spending in developing and low-income countries to achieve the goals of global health care coverage. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of official development assistan More

Introduction: Foreign aid is one of the ways to increase health spending in developing and low-income countries to achieve the goals of global health care coverage. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of official development assistance and health aids in developing countries. Methods: This study is paid to study long-term relationship between health indicator, the share of official development assistance and health aids in GDP, per capita physician, income, education and urbanization, by using the statistical data of 25 developing countries (including Iran) during the period 1995-2017. For this purpose, the Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) estimator is used. Also, the statistical analyzes were performed using the Eviews soft wares. Results: Based on the results of the model estimation, the share of health aids in GDP, per capita physician, income per capita, enrollment rates in secondary courses (education index) and urbanization rate; improve the health indicator in the long-term. One percent increase in the share of health aids in GDP, reduce the infant mortality rate (IMR) in developing countries by about 0.18 percent, in the long run. But share of official development aids to GDP has not a significant effect on the health index. Conclusion: Proper use and management the health aid in developing countries can help improve health in these countries.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Legislative-executive critique, the philosophy of punishment of repentant criminals in ta'zir crimes non-Determined
Amin Jalili seyd Mohamad Mehdi Sadati

True repentance is rebirth. The great change in the soul of the repentant person causes him to wisely and unhesitatingly accept responsibility for his mistake and seek to correct the past and prepare for the future. The action of the criminal legislature to limit the in More

True repentance is rebirth. The great change in the soul of the repentant person causes him to wisely and unhesitatingly accept responsibility for his mistake and seek to correct the past and prepare for the future. The action of the criminal legislature to limit the influence of the institution of repentance in the partial fall of the government's punitive punishments and the inability of the judiciary to issue a moratorium on prosecution is contrary to the rationality and spirituality hidden in Islamic criminal policy and the judiciary being a judge. The organization of the judicial cycle of the Islamic Republic of Iran on the criminal policy of Islamic punishment requires the reliance of the penitentiary on the criminal response to the act of punishment. Therefore, it is appropriate for the divine institution of repentance in criminal law to be the muscat of punishment for all punitive crimes of the government by all judicial authorities. Avoiding criminalism and paying attention to moral values and social interests in the legislative stage and preventing procrastination and increasing the volume of cases in the executive dimension, are among the goals of the author to take this position. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - THE ROLE OF CULTURAL MANAGERS IN MAITAINING AND INCREASING THE SOCIAL STOCK (Studied case: The artistic and cultural organization of Tehran City Hall)
K. Hamdi M. Isfahani

The present article which is a report of a studied case in the field ofcultural managers’ role in maintaining and increasing the social stock,indicates first the importance of studying the social stock in organizations,then defines social stock, and afterwards, de More

The present article which is a report of a studied case in the field ofcultural managers’ role in maintaining and increasing the social stock,indicates first the importance of studying the social stock in organizations,then defines social stock, and afterwards, describes the seven effectivefactors on it i.e. trust, responsibility and commitment, informing and layingculture by managers. Findings from this investigation suggest that there is ameaningful relationship between mutual trust, involving in decisionmaking, creating unofficial groups, and laying culture by managers andincrease of the social stock. On the other hand they show that there is notany correlation between informing, managers’ felling of responsible andcommitment, religious commitment, managers’ stability on ethical ethicalvalues and the increase of the social stock. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Introduction of one approach for identifying poor districts and unofficial residence, Case study: Karaj’s unofficial habitations
Mahmoud Haghighat Mohammad Hossein Ramesht

Although inconsistency and anarchy of habitation have been rooted in history of ourhomeland, its emergence in the forms of suburbia, unofficial residence, car parking, illegaland unusual residence as result of novel conditions of urbanization hasn’t lasted long in More

Although inconsistency and anarchy of habitation have been rooted in history of ourhomeland, its emergence in the forms of suburbia, unofficial residence, car parking, illegaland unusual residence as result of novel conditions of urbanization hasn’t lasted long in ourcountry. The present article shows selection and prioritization of districts and it would be anew approach in identifying unofficial districts. In this article, after conducting basicresearches and theoretical studies and methodology, defining the scope of urban poverty fromsocial and economic and physical perspectives will be determined, after integrating of resultsof this phase, poor scopes were identified and after carrying out social, cultural andenvironmental studies and study of ownership and land tenure and structure and context ofthese scopes and approximately 20 poor districts identified and unofficial inhabited districtwere located and were prioritized. Finally, after grading and ranking, three districts as targetdistricts were introduced in order to provide development plans. Suffering severe conditionsas well as the need to devise a plan, the aim of selection of these districts was to implementplans for other districts and therefore variety of districts is taken into account. In this researchanalytical hierarchy process and Delphi method for classification and selection of criteria andthen prioritization of choices in different phases and also application of GIS and other cases(supplemental software such as spatial analysis and use of MAP Calculator function) in dataanalysis and overlapping of different layers are applied. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The Effects of Inner and Outer layers of Double Glazed Facade on the Rate of Energy Consumption in Official and Educational Buildings (Case study: Iran University of Science and Technology)
Fatemeh MehdizadehSeraj Mohammad Mehdi Danesh Haniyeh Sanaeiyan

Introduction: The presence of computers and working equipments in official and educational buildings caused the increasing of internal temperature and using glass façade vastly has caused more negative effects of this problem. The question is how to reach to the More

Introduction: The presence of computers and working equipments in official and educational buildings caused the increasing of internal temperature and using glass façade vastly has caused more negative effects of this problem. The question is how to reach to the comfort degree of internal temperature without using excessive energy at the same time of benefitting the visual beauty of the glass façade. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the quantity of layers of the internal and external of double skin façade on energy consumption. Methods of study: The method of this research is based on causal modeling and simulation. The used equipment was the software of thermostatic simulator called “Design Builder”. In order to reach to the lowest level of energy consumption, different modes of the layers in the double skin façade were analyzed by using the design builder software. Findings: The results revealed that in double skin facades, changes in the number of inner layer are efficient in reducing energy consumption, while the outer layer of glazing does not play any role. Using the double skin facade in southern side is more effective because of the sun radiation on this side. Results: Due to the heating and cooling degree days in Tehran which is equal to 1610 and 1435°C respectively, in the summer, habitability and comfort level of residents were demanded mostly. So in the summer, change in the number of inner layers is more effective than the outer layer. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - An Analysis of the Guardian Council Jurists’ View on Articles 22 and 48 of Registration of Deeds and Properties Act adopted in 1931 from the Perspective of Islamic Jurisprudence
Ali Arefi Maskoni

The purpose of the present study is to indicate that abrogating Article 73 of the Law on Registration of Deeds and Properties has been partially implied with paragraph 2 Article 16 of the Law on the Supervision of Judges’ Conduct, adopted in 2011, and Articles 22 More

The purpose of the present study is to indicate that abrogating Article 73 of the Law on Registration of Deeds and Properties has been partially implied with paragraph 2 Article 16 of the Law on the Supervision of Judges’ Conduct, adopted in 2011, and Articles 22 and 48 of the aforementioned law have also been partially implicit as a consequence thereof. Descriptive-analytical method was adopted in the study and the results show that there is no need to invalidate Articles 22 and 48 of the aforementioned law. Therefore, the view of the jurists of the Guardian Council will be nothing but make the judiciary face a large number of closed files for retrial and violation of the rights of the official documents’ holders. Moreover, the jurists’ view has been raised with some objections since it is regarded as an ordinary law rather than a canonical supervision; therefore, it should not be adduced in any court. According to section (Article) 73 of the Constitution Act, jurists are not authorized to interpret the ordinary laws.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - A Study of Value Contradiction in the Political Socialization Methods of Iran's Mass Media Officials in 2019
Mohammad Saeifar Asghar Mohajeri AmirMasood Mazaheri Aliasghar Mahaki

10.22034/sej.2021.1918435.1283

The purpose of the present study is to survey contradictions in the fundamental values and political socialization methods of Iran's mass media officials in 2019.  The method of study is a mixture of qualitative and quantitative techniques and all the research hypo More

The purpose of the present study is to survey contradictions in the fundamental values and political socialization methods of Iran's mass media officials in 2019.  The method of study is a mixture of qualitative and quantitative techniques and all the research hypotheses denoting that the potentials of conservative, moderate, and reformist officials have a significant effect on political socialization were confirmed. It was also approved that the value beliefs of conservative, moderate, and reformist officials have a significant effect on political socialization. Furthermore, this point was emphasized that the capacities of conservative, moderate, and reformist media have a significant effect on political socialization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Sociological study of the performance of political elites and its effect on the level of political participation of educators (case study: Ardabil province)
sarhad madani روزا کرم پور زهرا قاسمی

Abstract influential strata in the process of political participation and consequently effective in the all-round development of the society, therefore, knowing their preferences, orientations and satisfaction with the performance of political elites is of great importa More

Abstract influential strata in the process of political participation and consequently effective in the all-round development of the society, therefore, knowing their preferences, orientations and satisfaction with the performance of political elites is of great importance. Is. In this research, a survey method was used, SPSS software was used for data analysis, Cronbach's alpha test was used for the reliability of the questionnaire, and face validity was used for its validity. The normality of the data of the research variables was confirmed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The statistical population is 16,300 people of Ardabil province and the size of the statistical sample was estimated to be 380 people according to Cochran's formula. In this research, simple and stratified random sampling methods were used. The theoretical framework of the research was adapted from the theories of Huntington, Nelson and Lipsett. Research hypotheses were measured using Pearson's test, and linear regression analysis and path analysis were used using spss software to measure the empirical model of the research. Based on the results obtained, there is a significant relationship between the variables of transparency of officials' performance, accountability of officials, priority of national interests, fight against corruption, political trust, actions of rulers to improve social services and actions of political elites for political development with political participation of educators. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Sociological study of the performance of political elites and its effect on the level of political participation of educators (case study: Ardabil province)
Sarhad Madani Roza Rosa Karampour zahra Ghasemi

Political participation is a purposeful action to influence the decisions and actions of political elites in the administration of society, which is done by the people. Due to the fact that educators are one of the most influential groups in the process of political par More

Political participation is a purposeful action to influence the decisions and actions of political elites in the administration of society, which is done by the people. Due to the fact that educators are one of the most influential groups in the process of political participation and consequently effective in the all-round development of the society, therefore, it is very important to know their attitudes, orientations and satisfaction with the performance of political elites. The purpose of this research is to sociologically study the level of political participation of educators, investigate the performance of the ruling political elite and analyze the variables that have been effective on the level of political participation of educators in Ardabil province. The statistical population of the research is 16,300 people of Ardabil Province and its sample size was estimated to be 380 people according to Cochran's formula. In this research, simple and stratified random sampling methods were used. The theoretical framework of the research was adapted from the theories of Huntington, Nelson and Lipsett. Cronbach's alpha test was used for the reliability of the questionnaire and face validity was used for its validity. The current research was conducted using a survey method and its hypotheses were tested using the Pearson correlation coefficient test and to analyze the information and predict the dependent variable from the independent variables of linear regression and to measure the relationships of the variables in a causal model of the method. Statistics based on multivariate regression analysis or path analysis using spss software was used. The results of the research showed that the political participation of the studied educators is at a low level, so that 61.20 percent of the respondents have low political participation. between the variables of transparency of officials' performance (r=0.71) with (sig=0.000), accountability of officials (r=0.65) with (sig=0.000), preference of national interests over individual interests by officials  )r=0.64) with (sig=0.000), rulers' fight against corruption (r=0.58) with (sig=0.000), political trust of educators (r=0.53) with (sig =0.000), actions of rulers to improve social services (r = 0.56) with (sig = 0.000) and actions of political elites for political development (r = 0.59) with (sig = 0.000) There is a significant relationship between the political participation of educators and the adjusted coefficient of determination)   (can explain 37% of the variance of the political participation of educators. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Designing a Model for the improvement of Morality with an Emphasis on Decreasing Behavioral Deviations in the Accounting Workplace
Saead Shad Mehdi Zinali Ahmad Mohamadi Yunus BadavarNahandi

The purpose of the present study is to design a model for the improvement of morality with an emphasis on decreasing behavioral deviations in the accounting workplace. In terms of classification of the research based on purpose, it is considered practical and has a qual More

The purpose of the present study is to design a model for the improvement of morality with an emphasis on decreasing behavioral deviations in the accounting workplace. In terms of classification of the research based on purpose, it is considered practical and has a qualitative approach, and in terms of theory and argumentation, it is proving and inductive. The research statistical population consisted of 367 auditors who were members of Iran's Official Accounting Society. The research data were collected using a questionnaire instrument in 2021. Data analysis was conducted using structural equations modeling with the approach of partial least square. The results showed that decreasing behavioral deviations is immensely effective on the betterment of the moral condition of auditors and that by reinforcing the research criteria, we can control behavioral deviations and also improve moral condition in the accounting workplace. Furthermore, the results showed that there was a significant (≤0.05) correlation between leadership, psychological, and organizational criteria and accounting moral condition and decreasing behavioral deviations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - The effect of Friedman and Rosenman personality typology model on tax recognition and collection
Soleiman ، Shahriarpoor Bahareh Banitalebi Dehkordi

10.30486/fbra.2021.1940362.1031

Personality typology is one of the most controversial topics in psychology, according to which the role that a person plays in the workplace can be identified and evaluated, and people can be employed according to their moods and personality traits. In this article, wit More

Personality typology is one of the most controversial topics in psychology, according to which the role that a person plays in the workplace can be identified and evaluated, and people can be employed according to their moods and personality traits. In this article, with the help of Friedman and Rosenman typology model, an attempt was made to investigate the effect of 4 types of personality types A, B, C and D of tax officials on tax identification and collection. For this purpose, the required data have been collected and analyzed through 5 categories of questionnaires completed by all tax officials of the General Department of Tax Affairs of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the type of personality type of tax officials and tax recognition and collection. According to the research findings, considering that the decision to choose a job and profession is one of the most important and crucial issues in the life of each person and since each person has a unique personality type, so to get acquainted with different dimensions of human existence. And creating motivation, better communication, maintaining and providing mental health in individuals and ultimately the optimal realization of organizational goals, considering the personality type of staff is a necessary thing that should be paid special attention by managers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - A comparative study of mystical themes and themes in Hamidi and Golestan Saadi
Hediya Khenafere Mansoureh Tadayoni Masoud Pakdel Farzaneh Rahmanian

The authorities of Hamidi and Golestan Saadi are very important books in Persian literature in different periods, whose structural and content similarities allow a comparative study of that period from different perspectives. In this article, which is organized in a des More

The authorities of Hamidi and Golestan Saadi are very important books in Persian literature in different periods, whose structural and content similarities allow a comparative study of that period from different perspectives. In this article, which is organized in a descriptive-analytical way, by using content analysis, the mystical themes and themes of these two books have been considered and their comparative study has been done, and their similarities and differences have been stated. By choosing the format of the story and using the principles of storytelling, Hamidi and Saadi have tried to show their writing skills and motivate the reader to read their work. These two writers, while creating art in literary and fictional choices, incorporate traces of mysticism and realize the similarities of mystical concepts, themes and themes in the scenes of these stories and the influence of spiritual, moral, mystical and literary atmosphere on the characters. The difference is that in Golestan, the mystical color is more in line with Hamidi's authorities. In the authorities alone, there is an obvious authority in Sufism. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Designing and validating the quality of educational services based on student satisfaction Based on the Khan model
amir amiri roshkhar mehdi zirak Mahmood Ghorbani Ali Hosseinzadeh

The purpose of this study was to design and validate the quality of educational services based on student satisfaction based on Khan model. The research method was qualitative and quantitative and the statistical population for the qualitative section was 20 faculty mem More

The purpose of this study was to design and validate the quality of educational services based on student satisfaction based on Khan model. The research method was qualitative and quantitative and the statistical population for the qualitative section was 20 faculty members and experts of the Islamic Azad University and in the quantitative section all the students of the Islamic Azad University of Mashhad were 32,000. According to Cochran's formula, 384 people were selected as a statistical sample by simple random sampling. Data collection tools included interviews and a 57-item researcher-made questionnaire tailored to Khan. After confirmation of validity (judgment of experts and professors) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha calculation 0.92) was distributed among students of Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyze the data. In descriptive statistics, the central index and dispersion such as mean, standard deviation and in the inferential part of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis at 95% confidence level with SPSS software. S18 and PLS version 3 were performed. Based on the analysis of qualitative data obtained from in-depth and exploratory interviews and coding and analyzing the content of the interview text and at the same time their compliance with theoretical foundations, the results showed that the organizational dimension with a factor load of 0.589 in the direction of identified factors. Effective in student satisfaction is the most important and after technology with a factor load of 0.511 is the least important. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - A Comparative Study of Legal Vacancies in the Field of Official Document in Iran and Turkey
Kamyar Shibetzadeh Behshid Arfania Vali Rostami

Kamyar Shibetzadeh [1] Behshid Arfania[2] Vali Rostami[3]   Abstract The present study is a comparative study of cases, origin and effects of legal vacancies in the field of official document in Iran and Turkey. According to the subject documentation presented in t More

Kamyar Shibetzadeh [1] Behshid Arfania[2] Vali Rostami[3]   Abstract The present study is a comparative study of cases, origin and effects of legal vacancies in the field of official document in Iran and Turkey. According to the subject documentation presented in this research, the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection in this article is libraries. The findings of this study indicate that, in a comparative comparison between the two countries, Iran and Turkey in the field of official documents in both countries, special attention has been paid to the official document. It has led to the qualifications and powers of the editors and the performance guarantees for official document envisaged in the laws to be taken into account. In addition, the official document faces many legal vacancies in both countries.   [1]- PhD student, Department of Private Law, UAE Unit, Islamic Azad University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, notary_1023@yahoo.com [2] - Associate Professor, Department of Law, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, bearfania2121@gmail.com [3] - Associate Professor, Department of Public Law, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, vrostami@ut.ac.ir Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - The Effect of Employing Official Automation on Human Resource Productivity
Asghar Sarafizadeh Samaneh Alipour

This article discusses that official automation is one of the important tools to reach useful ways to save time and for the optimum utilization of available resource in an organization. This article aims to identify the effect of employing official automation on the pro More

This article discusses that official automation is one of the important tools to reach useful ways to save time and for the optimum utilization of available resource in an organization. This article aims to identify the effect of employing official automation on the productivity of human resources. Using the analyses carried out on collected data, it was concluded that official automation is effective in increasing productivity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - The Comparative Study of Tuition and Official Teachers performance in Guilan Province Education
Mohammed Dostar Soleyman Kabini Mogaddam

     This study aimed to conduct a comparative study of tuition and official teachers’ performance in Guilan province education. The method used in this descriptive study was causal-comparative. The population of the study consisted of 2763 tui More

     This study aimed to conduct a comparative study of tuition and official teachers’ performance in Guilan province education. The method used in this descriptive study was causal-comparative. The population of the study consisted of 2763 tuition teachers and 19075 official teachers who empleyd in the city schools and in the department of education of guilan in the academic year of 88-89. Random and cluster sampling methods were selected in the study using Morgan formula: the number of tuition teachers was 121 and the number of official teachers was 257. To collect the data, presumptive researcher questionnare with 58 questions in spectrum of 6 degrees of Likert was used. The reliability of the instrument was estimated using the Cronbakh alpha as to be 0.82. At the level of significance of 0.05, the results showed that there was a significant difference regarding the first hypothesis (educatioal affairs), the second (classroom technique) , the seventh (collaboration with performance tesm of school) and the eighth hypothesis (cooperation in meetings) between tuition teachers and official teachers. However, about the third (education affairs), the fourth (examination of educational status), the fifth (exams) and the sixth (body-mental hygiene of students) hypotheses, there was no meaningful differnce between tuition teachers and official teachers. Also based on nineth hypothesis that there is difference in average grades between tuition and official teachers. Thus, students with official teachers had better grades that students with tution teachers.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - The study of the relationship between women’s employment and their social health in Maragheh
Elham Masti Sirous Fakhrayi

The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between women’s employment and social health in Maragheh. This research is practical and the research method is descriptive and of correlation type, and in terms of collecting data is a survey. The theoreti More

The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between women’s employment and social health in Maragheh. This research is practical and the research method is descriptive and of correlation type, and in terms of collecting data is a survey. The theoretical framework of research included the theory of Kinez and the negative and positive approach of the relationship between the employment and social health (division of homework, multiple role, social solidarity, social acceptance, social partnership, social adaptation and social development). The statistical sample is all women over 25 years (40642) and according to Cochran formula for unlimited society, the sample size estimated 380 women using multistage cluster and simple random sampling method. In order to collect the data standard questionnaire (Kinez social health) and a researcher-made questionnaire were used. The Cronbakh Alpha coefficient was obtained 0.942 which represented of question’s stability.The descriptive statistics (frequency, percent, average, standard deviation …) was used for summarizing data, and the inferential statistics was used for studying the relations among variables (the independent T test, Pearson correlation, and T test and variance analysis). The results showed that, there is a significant relationship between women’s employment and social health, in addition social health among employed women were more than housekeepers and the highest level of social health were among official and part-time employed people. In other words, job conditions had the most influence on social health. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Critique and analysis of the jurisprudential principles of the legitimacy of various types of customary marriage in Sunni jurisprudence
عبدالله باقری ورزنه sedigheh hatami

AbstractCustomary marriage is one of the emerging and unusual marriages that has emerged among the Sunni sect. The distinctive feature of customary marriage is the lack of official registration in the marriage and divorce offices. On the one hand, this type of marriage More

AbstractCustomary marriage is one of the emerging and unusual marriages that has emerged among the Sunni sect. The distinctive feature of customary marriage is the lack of official registration in the marriage and divorce offices. On the one hand, this type of marriage has provided the ground for many social, legal and psychological problems of couples and society. Demands. Sunni jurists have considered some to believe in the validity of this type of marriage in all its forms, while others have considered it to be related in different types according to the elements and conditions of the validity of marriage; Therefore, the present article in a descriptive-analytical researc Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - The approach of the International Criminal Court regarding the criminal immunity of high-ranking government officials
javad Hoseymikhah karam janipour ghavam karimi

The immunity of high-ranking government officials from the domestic courts of other countries has led to various international procedures and approaches to immunity, responsibility, the formation of mixed criminal courts, and the use of UN Security Council capacities to More

The immunity of high-ranking government officials from the domestic courts of other countries has led to various international procedures and approaches to immunity, responsibility, the formation of mixed criminal courts, and the use of UN Security Council capacities to establish criminal courts between Has created a special international. In parallel with the escalation of large-scale international crime, especially during World War II and the subsequent establishment of the Nuremberg and Tokyo tribunals, the principle of immunity of high-ranking government officials from international crime faced many challenges, culminating in Considered the formation of criminal courts related to the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda and finally the adoption of the Rome Statute to establish the International Criminal Court. Although the legal and judicial procedure of the Court indicates the non-acceptance of immunity arising from official position due to the commission of international crimes, but the descriptive-analytical study of this issue shows the existence of serious challenges and limitations before the Court in performing its legal duties. They can be attributed to the role of political considerations, incompatibility in rulings with acts committed, non-cooperation of member states in cooperating with the Court for various reasons, limitations on the jurisdiction and type and timing of acts committed, as well as restrictions on the relationship between the Court and The UN Security Council noted. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Civil liability for omission of officials due to lack of time.
mostafa keikha shaghayegh amerian abd-al-reza mohammad hosein zadeh

10.22034/ijrj.2023.705651

The warranty due to the lack of time is one of the controversial issues that is raised under the issue of the authorities' omission. The loss of time due to the abandonment of the action has raised the question of whether it is possible to consider the loss of time as a More

The warranty due to the lack of time is one of the controversial issues that is raised under the issue of the authorities' omission. The loss of time due to the abandonment of the action has raised the question of whether it is possible to consider the loss of time as a type of damage and condemn the abandonment of the action to civil liability. The present research has organized its discussions with the descriptive-analytical method based on the hypothesis that if the omission of officials leads to the death of people, it will be covered by the guarantee of execution. The conclusion of this research is that, although there is no chapter in Iranian law about the omission of officials due to the passing of time, there are examples such as mudaraba, jaala, delay in crisis management and delay without legal and justified reasons in issuing business licenses, and so on. .. It implies the civil responsibility of the officials, leaving the verb. In addition, from a jurisprudential point of view, rules such as non-harmful, wasteful and vindictive, reprimanding the usurper, respecting inalienable property and justice, indicate this type of responsibility. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Transactions with the right of informal restitution with a jurisprudential attitude
Ali Talebi Najatullah Abrahamian mansor amini

10.22034/ijrj.2023.708080

Since in the judicial procedure of Iran, the current government considers ordinary documents as valid, many people conclude a transaction with the right of extradition through an ordinary document in order to escape from the restrictions stipulated in Article 34 of the More

Since in the judicial procedure of Iran, the current government considers ordinary documents as valid, many people conclude a transaction with the right of extradition through an ordinary document in order to escape from the restrictions stipulated in Article 34 of the Registration Law. Some judges, referring to the provisions of the Civil Law regarding conditional sale, consider the transaction with the right of restitution to be valid, and some others subject this transaction to the provisions of Article 34 of the Registration Law. In terms of balance of exchange, this article identifies two different types of transaction with normal restitution rights: transactions that are subject to a valid exchange contract in terms of the principles of exchange contracts and contracts that do not have the characteristics of an exchange contract. Judges should recognize the transaction with the right of restitution in the event that it falls under the characteristics of the sale of a real condition, and refrain from recognizing the transaction with the right of virtual and unreal restitution, and include these transactions in the mortgage contract to protect the creditor or the buyer Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - The Effect of Native Language vs. Official Language Feedback on Improving Reading and Writing among Bilingual Students
Ali Afshari Nahid Sadeghi Reza Hanareh

In order to study the effect of native vs. official language feedbacks on bilingual (Kurdish-Persian) students’ reading and writing achievements, 45 (male) fourth grade elementary students of an educational complex in Ushnawieh were chosen through clustered sampli More

In order to study the effect of native vs. official language feedbacks on bilingual (Kurdish-Persian) students’ reading and writing achievements, 45 (male) fourth grade elementary students of an educational complex in Ushnawieh were chosen through clustered sampling. The students were assigned to three groups; experimental group 1, who received native language feedback (Kurdish), experimental group 2, who received official language feedback (Persian), and control group, who did not receive any feedback. In order to gather the data, a researcher-made test was used. According to the results of univariate covariance (ANCOVA) analysis, native language feedback had a significant effect on the reading and writing skills of the students and there was a significant difference between the first experimental group, who received native language feedback (Kurdish), and the control group, who received no feedback. However, there were no significant differences between the second experimental group, who received official language feedback (Persian), and the control group. This finding indicates that official language feedback (Persian) had little effect on improving reading and writing skills of bilingual (Kurd) students Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Study of technology factors of Official Organizations (Case study: Official Organizations of Tabriz)
Nasser Fegh-hi Farahmand

This study with the evaluation direction and with aim of four basic factors and elements of technology includes Techno ware; Human ware; Organization ware; and Info ware as THIO of technology main and basic factors in official organizations, recognized main hypothesis t More

This study with the evaluation direction and with aim of four basic factors and elements of technology includes Techno ware; Human ware; Organization ware; and Info ware as THIO of technology main and basic factors in official organizations, recognized main hypothesis that mentioned factors are not balance at these official organizations. In relation of study goal, data collected from five available official organizations as sample through questionnaire, interview and science challenge. Statistical analysis and another results showed that four basic factors and elements of technology are not balance at official organizations and quantity of TCC as Technology Content Coefficient is different. The abstracts of results are as follows: Four technology factors of official organization with welfare and health activity from maximum to minimum gap with priority are Organization ware; Human ware; Info ware and Techno ware that this organization must notify to improvement of them for technology balancing,Four technology factors of official organization with touristy activity from maximum to minimum gap with priority are Human ware; Organization ware; Info ware and Techno ware that this organization must notify to improvement of them for technology balancing, Four technology factors of official organization with housing activity from maximum to minimum gap with priority are Human ware; Organization ware; Info ware and Techno ware that this organization must notify to improvement of them for technology balancing. Four technology factors of official organization with cultural activity from maximum to minimum gap with priority are Info ware; Human ware; Organization ware; and Techno ware that this organization must notify to improvement of them for technology balancing, Four technology factors of official organization with food activity from maximum to minimum gap with priority are Organization ware; Human ware; Info ware and Techno ware that this organization must notify to improvement of them for technology balancing, Four technology factors of official organization with banking activity from maximum to minimum gap with priority are Organization ware; Human ware; Info ware and Techno ware that this organization must notify to improvement of them for technology balancing. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Determination of the effective factors in prediction of traffic created from urban applications. (Sample item, Neyshabur)
Rostam Saberifar Ahmad Khaderian

The purpose of this paper was to determination of the effective factors in prediction of traffic created from urban applications in Neyshabour. This study has been performed by descriptive in the form of correlation of prediction. Field data has been gathered, in case o More

The purpose of this paper was to determination of the effective factors in prediction of traffic created from urban applications in Neyshabour. This study has been performed by descriptive in the form of correlation of prediction. Field data has been gathered, in case of a questionnaire. The case study in poll section determine 60 person in basis of Morgan chart that were separated into two groups in each 30 persons between employees in urban administration and other people. Data that gathered in this way analyzed by use of spss. The results showed that number of employees in each land use or its functions, has undeniable role in increasing the scale of traffic production (P= 0/000), but other noted factors can’t predict it however urban lists are related to the scale of traffic production. The number of employees in each land use is also clarified in this research. We can say that urban administration have to estimate any amount of traffic before getting any license for land use change or localization and specific performance and also estimate its effect over the entire transport ion net . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Differences and changes in the official Qajar history of history from Fath Ali Shah to Nasir al-Din Shah
Shahla Mansouri Ghavamabadi Soheila Torabi Farasani Faizollah Boussof Corner

Official historiography texts in the Qajar period have changed due to political and socialchanges and connections with the West, and a familiarity with the historical works of theWest, and created new insights in historiography. During this period, two types ofhistoric More

Official historiography texts in the Qajar period have changed due to political and socialchanges and connections with the West, and a familiarity with the historical works of theWest, and created new insights in historiography. During this period, two types ofhistoric studies with different approaches to the official historians Was used. Thebeginning of the Qajar period until the end of Muhammad Shah's period and the earlyperiod of the Nazarene period was more or less traditional in traditional historiography,and in the middle of the Nazari period, some changes were made in the history of history.Considering the necessity of the historiography of this period and the importance of thebooks written by the historians, this paper examines this Two types of officialhistoriography look at and answer the question: What differences can be observed in thehistoriography of this period?The method of this historical research is descriptive-analytic, based on library studiesand archival documents. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - An Overview of the Transformation of the Official Clothing of Government Personnel of the Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar and Reza Shah Pahlavi Periods
fariba mehrmand Ali Akbar Khedrizadeh

Expansion of the relations between Iran and the West is one of the hallmarks of the Qajar and Pahlavi era. Familiarity with the culture and Western civilization of Iran has caused a relatively large social change, including changing the clothing of some sections of soci More

Expansion of the relations between Iran and the West is one of the hallmarks of the Qajar and Pahlavi era. Familiarity with the culture and Western civilization of Iran has caused a relatively large social change, including changing the clothing of some sections of society, and especially the official dress of government employees. Based on this, the main purpose of the paper is to review the developments in the official dress of Naser al-Din Shah government staff and the Reza Shah period. Now, the question arises, what difference has there been between the design and the manner in which the work of the state employees during the period of Naser-al-Din Shah was during the period of Reza Shah? The hypothesis of the article is that with the efforts of Shah Qajar and Pahlavi I to change the cover, the official dress of government employees changed in terms of rank, position, social communication and in terms of design and how it was implemented. The research method in this paper is based on the description and adaptation of historical data and the results of this research indicate the process of westernizing influence on the cost of Naser al-Dinshah's administrative staff and the escalation of modernity on the development of state-owned personnel clothing with the authoritarian method of Reza Shah. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - The impact of official development assistance on educational outcomes in selected countries of the MENA region
Lotfali Agheli Mehran Samdaliri

Official Development Assistance can be effective on the education index and its outcomes, the Mean Years of Schooling in adults (people 25 years and older) and the Expected Years of Schooling in children (when entering school). Democracy in countries can positively affe More

Official Development Assistance can be effective on the education index and its outcomes, the Mean Years of Schooling in adults (people 25 years and older) and the Expected Years of Schooling in children (when entering school). Democracy in countries can positively affect the education index and its variables. A country with a better Democracy can create a suitable environment for the education of all members of society. In this regard, this study examines the impact of Official Development Assistance on educational outcomes, including the Mean Years of Schooling and Expected years of Schooling in selected upper-middle income countries of MENA with emphasis on Democracy from 2001 to 2020 and using panel data method. Empirical results indicate that Official Development Assistance per capita, Gross National Income per capita, health expenditure, and population growth rate have significantly increased educational outcomes. The Government Effectiveness Index has a positive effect on educational outcomes, while Voice and Accountability Index (as an indicator of democracy) has negatively influenced the educational outcomes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - The role of official documents in invoice-related contracts
Maryam Ibn Turab

The legislator has made the bill a condition for the authenticity of some contracts, including mortgage, waqf and gift contracts. In practice, some of these contracts are created by drawing up an official document, without actual possession by the other party. According More

The legislator has made the bill a condition for the authenticity of some contracts, including mortgage, waqf and gift contracts. In practice, some of these contracts are created by drawing up an official document, without actual possession by the other party. According to the evidentiary aspect of official documents, legally the owner of the document is known as the owner. In this case, a legal challenge arises, which has jurisprudential roots, because from the point of view of jurists, the bill is recognized as valid in these contracts, while the document may be officially and legally registered, but the owner of the document does not receive any physical bill. did not happen From a jurisprudential point of view, according to some, these contracts can be returned due to lack of receipt. The articles of the civil law also confirm this opinion. This research aims to investigate the forms in question in order to answer the question whether official documents can be considered customary bills. And follow the juridical and legal effects of a contract? By examining the views of jurists and legal experts in these cases, the conclusion was reached that not only the official document can show the serious intention of the contracting party, but it can also be considered as an example of the bill, and it can be said that the official document is the regulator of commitment to the contract. has accepted it, because he knows that with the registered document, the owner of the document is recognized as the owner, and if the organizer of the document claims ownership, he is considered a claimant. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Developments in issuing a title deed based on Articles 147 and 148 of the Registration Law and comparing it with the issuance of a title deed in the Law on Assignment
khalil amini amirabbas bozrgmehr heydar hassanzadeh

10.30495/alr.2022.1914704.1979

One of the most important rights for citizens in most countries of the world and is recognized in law is the right to property. Ownership refers to a relationship that is established between a person and an object or means, and if this relationship is established legall More

One of the most important rights for citizens in most countries of the world and is recognized in law is the right to property. Ownership refers to a relationship that is established between a person and an object or means, and if this relationship is established legally and legally, it creates the right of ownership, and the government is obliged to recognize the person as the owner. And the owner finds the right to any possession that is not against the law in his property. The legislature has taken steps to register and identify works that may have property rights, one of which is the issuance of official documents. From a legal point of view, there are different ways to register a document and issue official documents for them. One of these methods is issuing an official document based on Articles 147 and 148 of the Registration Law. In this research, which has been written in a descriptive-analytical method with the aim of studying the developments regarding the issuance of title deeds based on Articles 147 and 148 of the Registration Law and the Law on Assignment, it concludes that: 148 Amendment of the registration and finally the law of assignment, to facilitate the process of issuing a title deed to the occupants who have used their property for some time and due to legal obstacles, it has not been possible for them to obtain a title deed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Conditions and effects of electronic registration of documents and real estate in the legal system of Roman Germany and Common Law
Mehrdad Konani Bakhtiyar Abbasloo Mohammad Bahmani

10.30495/alr.2023.1996214.2640

Field and Aims: Technology development has created a change in the nature of the documents, and today a new form of documents called electronic documents has emerged, plus the traditional system registration system has replaced electronic registration, which can have ma More

Field and Aims: Technology development has created a change in the nature of the documents, and today a new form of documents called electronic documents has emerged, plus the traditional system registration system has replaced electronic registration, which can have many works. This transformation is visible in various legal systems, including the civil law legal system and the common law legal system. Accordingly, in this article we will examine the terms and effects of electronic registration of documents and real estate in the Iranian, French, UK and US law system.Method: This article is written in an analytical-analytical method.Finding and Conclusion: Although the document has a long history, it has evolved with the advancement of document registration technology and today there is a new form of registration called electronic registration. The use of new communication methods and new communication and information technologies for recording documents is called electronic document recording.The electronic registration of documents has some effects, including the validity of the contents of electronic documents, the validity of electronic evidence against individuals, the necessity of the execution of an electronic official document, its enforcement effect in judicial authorities and de-judgment. Registration of documents in the English legal system has a long history and electronic registration of documents has also taken a new form using blockchain technology. In English law, the principle is that all immovable properties can be registered by private individuals, unless these properties belong to the Queen or are considered public properties like national parks, mountains, forests, etc. If a property is not registered in England, but is sold, or comes to the owner through a gift or will, or the owner mortgages it, in this case, the property must be first registered, and to prove the applicant's ownership, documents such as a purchase deed must be submitted. The property should be presented. In this system, as in Iran's legal system, in case of presenting a claim contrary to the presentation of a normal document, what is important is the record of the document's registration, and contrary claims cannot be made. In Iran, the electronic registration and filing of documents has been established since 2005, and in the United States, since 2017, the electronic registration system of transaction documents in the United States has evolved with the emergence of smart contracts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Jami and Music
Yadollah Bahmani Motlagh Mohammad Reza Sam Khaniani

Jami is a poet whose poems musician with many musical idioms and passwords secret and colorful. This has caused a lot of poetry, regardless of musical meanings of words and phrases, it seems problematic, especially when changing positions consist that today it is called More

Jami is a poet whose poems musician with many musical idioms and passwords secret and colorful. This has caused a lot of poetry, regardless of musical meanings of words and phrases, it seems problematic, especially when changing positions consist that today it is called modulation or when reading or writing shuffle speaks the song and how must fit with the song and its issues, including reading, singing stud, modulate reading, ups and downs, and so we picked back or return. Otherwise it is not art and will enjoy a nice cup of entrepreneurship rather than concepts and their implications will Bhrmndh.etc, to explain musical terms used in Jami’s poetry have been to better understand the poem. Jami's poetry reading and musical review them and take his music  thesis shows, in addition to cup scientific and practical acquaintance with the instruments and components and how to build them, the secret of Song Ciphers are knew songs in authorities cases, especially when singing and writing shuffle speaks the song's current views with views of teachers are close. The Court of Jami's always music in terms of its technical sense, but then went to work for the beauty of creation were literal. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Investigating the Position of Multicultural Components in Official Curriculum (Sample Study: The book of Social Studies for the First Year of High School in Iran)
farzaneh pakdaman mehdi davaee Ali Akbar Khosravi hamidreza rezazadeh

10.30495/mlseo.2022.698239

Considering the diversity of ethnicities and the multiplicity of ethnic lived experiences in Iran, the influential role of education in official curricula and content of books and giving ethnic identity to students of different cultures is undeniable.The purpose of this More

Considering the diversity of ethnicities and the multiplicity of ethnic lived experiences in Iran, the influential role of education in official curricula and content of books and giving ethnic identity to students of different cultures is undeniable.The purpose of this study was to investigate the multicultural components in the official curriculum of the first year of high school in Iran. This descriptive research included documentary analysis and Shannon entropy content analysis. The content analysis unit was text, pictures and textbook activities. By purposeful sampling method, the sample included the content of 3 volumes of social studies books of the first secondary school (7th, 8th, 9th) with 554 pages. To evaluate validity in the opinion of experts, and Scott's pi method was used to evaluate the reliability. Based on the findings, only 6% of the three parts of the content of the reviewed books paid attention to the desirable components of ethnicity. Shannon's entropy analysis showed that component 21 (paying attention to the common national identity of the ethnic groups) with 31 items has the highest frequency and the least amount is component 8 (preventing prejudice about certain ethnicities and cultures) component 14 (paying attention to the concept of peace and friendship) with the frequency was 7.The findings show that the position of multicultural components in the official curriculum of the first secondary school is largely neglected and needs to be revised. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - The study of effects Erath worm, compost and soil tissue on soil traits, quantity and quality yield salvia officials
A. Eftekhari

In order to investigate the effects of compost and earth worm on and quantity and quality yield of salvia officials, an experimental was carried out based on factorial in completely randomized block design with three replications in experimental in the Challus Universit More

In order to investigate the effects of compost and earth worm on and quantity and quality yield of salvia officials, an experimental was carried out based on factorial in completely randomized block design with three replications in experimental in the Challus University in 2014. The treatments were included 1-Erath worm with application levels (0.10 and 20 class) 2-compost with consumption levels (0 and 30g per pot) and 3-type soil tissue (sand and clay). The evaluation of characteristics was included, dry matter of plant, rate of essence, CEC, OM%, N%, pH and EC. The highest of dry matter of plant and rate of essence with interaction effects treatment application Erath worm and consumption of 30g compost was obtained. Maximum N percentage of soil (0.47), OM percentage (1.53), CEC (23.66) in interaction effects 20 class earth worm with 30g compost achieved application of earth worm induce EC increased significantly. Increase dry matter of plant and rate essence that was affected Application earth worm and compost consumption induce to dry matter of plant and rate essence increased because CEC, %OM and %N soil with treatments of application earth worn with compost were increased. Manuscript profile

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